EP1206605B1 - Wandelbares tragwerk mit zellenartigem aufbau bestehend aus mindestens einer zusammenklappbaren tragwerkszelle - Google Patents
Wandelbares tragwerk mit zellenartigem aufbau bestehend aus mindestens einer zusammenklappbaren tragwerkszelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1206605B1 EP1206605B1 EP00951487A EP00951487A EP1206605B1 EP 1206605 B1 EP1206605 B1 EP 1206605B1 EP 00951487 A EP00951487 A EP 00951487A EP 00951487 A EP00951487 A EP 00951487A EP 1206605 B1 EP1206605 B1 EP 1206605B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- joint
- support structure
- joint set
- joints
- structure according
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
- E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
- E04B1/3441—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts with articulated bar-shaped elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
- E04B1/1903—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
- E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
- E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
- E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
- E04B2001/1963—Screw connections with axis at an angle, e.g. perpendicular, to the main axis of the strut
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
- E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
- E04B2001/1984—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework rectangular, e.g. square, grid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S135/00—Tent, canopy, umbrella, or cane
- Y10S135/908—Super tent or canopy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a convertible structure with cell-like structure.
- WO 93/13284 From the closest WO 93/13284 is a generic Structure is known, for the structural cell also nodes of a first, second and third node set according to the patent claim 1 defined can be.
- Fig. 1A of this document is a Node of the third node set, which is the corner node of a structural cell and is arranged inside the structure, by a substantially only tensile forces transmitting connector exclusively with nodes connected to the second node set, and also with nodes of first node set via tensile and compressive forces transmitting rods connected.
- the corner node is a structural unit and is located outside the structure is having a plurality of nodes of the first node set by a substantially connected only tensile forces transmitting connector, simultaneously but with the same nodes of the first node set over train and Pressure forces transmitted rods connected.
- the neighboring ones Corner nodes of the first and second node sets are adjacent Corner node of the second or first node set an adjacent corner by a guide device in the form of in pairs crosswise rotatable interconnected bars under Formation of external scissors connected, d. H. in their position to each other established.
- the formation of the inner scissors is structurally unfavorable, requires an increased manufacturing effort and limits the functionality of the structural cell as well as the forms that can be formed by it one.
- US 5,230,196 shows a supporting structure with at least one structural cell, at the node of a first node set with node of a second one Knot quantity connected by so-called outer bar shears are.
- the adjacent nodes of the first node set are each extending through a along the edge of the structural unit Steel rope connected together.
- To entangle the steel cables to prevent each other, especially in the folded state of the structure, are along the edge of the structural unit extending steel cables approximately in the middle by rope holding means with one each Rod joined near the hinge point of the outer bar shear.
- the diagonally opposite nodes of the second node set The structural cell are connected by steel cables, in the Crossing point no linking of the steel cables takes place and the Crossing point thus forms no node of the structural cell.
- DE 196 51 444 A1 shows a component of a truss system with at least one centrally located, closing a room Glass element in which on opposite sides with the glass element connected tension elements are arranged, whereby the glass element under Pressure is set and thus the usually unused carrying potential of Building material glass is used.
- DE 32 22 475 A1 shows an extendable mast structure with open Frame comprising three main girders, with the mast extended lie parallel to each other and define three levels.
- the spars are between two triangular frame elements each by two bars formed at their junction articulated with each other and at their hinged to another end with a point of a triangular frame element are connected.
- the pivot joints are arranged so that each Pair of rods pivoted in one of the three levels. Stand out Do not push the rods into the interior of the mast assembly.
- One Swiveling the bars when bending loads occur Mast construction is also prevented.
- Tension wires are between the non-aligned vertices of adjacent Triangular frame elements arranged and run in through the main girder beams defined levels.
- the ropes are in theirs Intersections are not connected to each other and thus form no nodes of the mast construction at their crossing point.
- the DD 259 651 A1 shows a collapsible, lightweight spatial structure, which consists of two pyramids, whose tips move in opposite directions a guide piece are arranged.
- the between by node a first and second node set formed base and the peak of each formed by a node of the third node set Pyramid lying side edges are pressure members.
- Both between the Corner points of the base of each pyramid as well as between the opposite corners of the bases of both pyramids Tensile elements are arranged.
- the invention is based on the problem, a structure with at least a structural cell, in particular a convertible structure with cellular structure consisting of at least one structural cell, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the structure should be structurally and functionally improved as well be simplified in terms of production and at the same time a large Allow variety of forms.
- the described invention finds application in mobile as well as in fixed but temporary structures as well as in the execution of permanent structures in segmental construction.
- the cost of transport, Storage, erection and dismantling is minimal, while freedom in the Shape design is great.
- the structural properties are special advantageous.
- Stationary, but temporary applications are z.
- Permanent structures can be connected by the connection several individually clamped modules, which in turn consist of several Structural cells can exist, for example by hanging means a crane, to be built very efficiently.
- the at least one node of the third node set is connected to at least two nodes of the first and / or second node set, preferably with three, four or all nodes of the first and / or second node set of the structural unit, by a substantially only tensile forces transmitting connecting element. These derive the tensile forces occurring from the node of the third node quantity to the nodes of the first and / or second node quantity when the structure is loaded and / or unloaded by the load.
- the node of the third node set is equidistant from those connected to it or to all nodes of the first and / or second node set.
- the corner nodes of the first node set form a first, for example, upper boundary surface of the structure and are spaced from the associated corner nodes of the second node set, which form a second, for example, lower boundary surface of the structure, usually in the vertical direction.
- the substantially tensile forces transmitting connecting elements are fixed to the respective node, in particular articulated, and are formed for example from two parallel wires or ropes of steel or other suitable material.
- the at least one node of the third node set is below the lowest corner node of the first node set to which it is connected.
- a node of the third node set is at least one, preferably with three, four or all nodes of the second node set by a pressure and tensile forces transmitting connecting element connected.
- this node is the third node set equidistant to those associated with it or to all the nodes of the second Node-set.
- the tensile and compressive forces transmitted Connecting elements are articulated at the respective nodes and in particular by bars of aluminum or other suitable Material formed. Basically, the materials used in sufficient load capacity have the lowest possible mass.
- the nodes of the third node set are usually within or on Edge of the cell space spanned by the corner nodes, preferably in any case within an area bounded by the corner nodes arranged.
- the respective nodes of the first and second node sets can either with a common node of the third node set be connected or the at least two corner nodes of the first and / or second node set are with a first node of the third Knot quantity connected and the at least one corner node of the second Node quantity is with a second node of the third node set preferably, the first node of the third node set by a tensile and compressive forces transmitted connecting element with the second node of the third node set is connected.
- the Nodes of the first and second node sets formed areas, respectively a level.
- all nodes of the second node set and the nodes the third node set which has at least two nodes of the first and / or second node set, lie in one plane and / or all nodes of the first node set and the nodes of the third Node quantity that is at least one node of the second node set connected, lying in one plane.
- these areas can also For example, at least part of a spherical shell or a Forming lateral surface of a circular cylinder.
- Level, one-sided and two-sided Curved structural cells have become a structure of complex shape combined.
- a node of the first node set one in particular on the outside Circumference of the structure arranged corner is with a knot of second node set one in particular on the outer circumference of the Structure arranged adjacent corner and a node of the second Node quantity of the corner is with a node of the first node set adjacent corner by means of crosswise rotatable interconnected and Tensile and compressive forces transmitted elements connectable.
- the result form formed outer shears of the structural unit or the structure a guide device which determines the position of each other linked nodes to each other, and form together with the Connections to the nodes of the third node set are structural very advantageous triangular infill of the structural unit.
- alternative Guidance facilities which include the corresponding nodes in associated Steer tracks are possible.
- the leading to the supports of the structure leading Tensile and compressive forces transmitting fasteners a larger Resilience, especially a larger diameter, than the remaining connecting elements of the guide device, because about them larger Forces must be transferred.
- the spanned by the knots Surface should be a plane, the cross-rotatable with each other connected fasteners centric, d. H. centered on her Longitudinally connected.
- the cross rotatably interconnected fasteners eccentric eccentric, d. H. outside their middle in the longitudinal direction, ally with each other.
- the expansion of the structure is variable, in particular, the structure or the structural unit is retracted and extended.
- the extension of the structure can be adjusted by an actuating device which has extension and retraction means, in particular a pull-out cable and a pull-in cable, which are guided in the respective nodes via deflection means and can preferably be actuated in a lockable manner at a common node.
- a motor-driven winch can be arranged, which actuates the extension and retraction of the structure.
- the extension and retraction of the structure is free of intrinsic stress, ie in any state during the extension and retraction preferably occur only in the structure caused by the dead load and possibly a payload stresses.
- the structure is preferably acted upon by means of the actuating device with a bias voltage that it occupies a predeterminable form in a loaded state.
- This bias can be done for example by clamping the Ausziehseils while applying the Einziehseils with a tensile force and subsequent detection or clamping of Einziehseils.
- the Ausziehseil is in the respective node via deflection, For example, pulleys or Umlenksattel, preferably with two guided different deflection radii. There, where the pull-out rope along a fastener of a pair of scissors, it runs between the two scissors connecting elements. By the different Umlenkradien the deflection is the pull-out passed the scissors joints.
- the tensile and compressive forces transmitting connecting elements are connected at their ends by horizontally and transversely to its longitudinal axis arranged hinges with the respective nodes.
- the structure is executable without introducing residual stresses in the course of the extension and retraction, for example as a spherical shell element.
- the connecting elements of the pairs of scissors inclined thereby from the vertical plane as well as the connecting elements connected to nodes of the second and third node sets usually require, at the node connections located at their beginning and end, a further rotational degree of freedom, for example by two successive hinges with mutually orthogonal Rotary axes is available.
- the nodes of the first and / or second node set are, preferably including the nodes of the third node set, with a membrane connectable such that thereby at least partially closed Surface of the first and second surface is formed.
- a membrane connectable such that thereby at least partially closed Surface of the first and second surface is formed.
- the nodes of the first node set and the at least one Node of the third node set, with the nodes of the second Knot quantity transmitted by tensile and compressive forces Connecting elements can be connected to at least one preferably triangular plate element are connected in such a way that thereby an at least partially closed surface of the first Surface is formed.
- the conditional by the mass of the plate elements Load on the structure is due to an elevation in the unloaded Condition compensated.
- the plate elements are preferably so to arrange that at least a part of them, the nodes of the third Knot quantity of adjacent structural cells interconnects.
- Fig. 1 shows a support structure 90 consisting of 2 x 2 structural cells 91, 92, 93, 94 in the retracted state in which the structure 90 is compact, easy to transport and store.
- the structure 90 has the largest extent in this state in the vertical Z-direction. The expansion in the horizontal X and Y directions is minimized.
- the upper nodes 114 to 121 and 126 (FIG. 3) of the first node set are also in one plane, as are the lower nodes 101 to 108 and 113 (FIG. 3) of the second node set. Nodes 109 to 112 and 122 to 125 (FIG.
- the structural unit 91 is rectangular in the embodiment in plan view, but it could also be three or polygonal.
- the structure can be formed by any, even three-dimensional arrangement of nxm (n, m natural numbers) structural cells.
- FIG. 2 shows the supporting structure 90 of FIG. 1 in a partial extended state.
- the distance of nodes 114 to 121 and 126 (FIG. 3) of the first node set and nodes 101 to 108 and 113 ( Figure 3) of the second node set has decreased in the Z direction and in X and Y direction increased.
- the following is an example of the structure and the kinematics of a structural cell 91 described.
- the nodes 114, 115, 126 and 121 form the four corner nodes of the first node set one in the plan view square structural cell 91.
- Coincident with this Nodes 101, 102, 113 and 108 form the four corner nodes of the second Node-set.
- a node 109 of the third node set is each over two parallel to each other and essentially only Tension-transmitting steel cables 39, 41, 43, 45 with the nodes 114, 115, 113, 121 of the first and second nodes.
- One another node of the third node set received from the nodes 101, 102, 113, 108 of the second node set is equally spaced, is with these transfer via a respective tensile and compressive forces Aluminum bar 40, 42, 44, 46 connected.
- the two nodes 109, 122 of third node sets are transmitted by a tensile and compressive forces Aluminum rod 11, which in the illustrated embodiment vertically in Z-direction is aligned, interconnected. In the illustrated Condition is the vertical aluminum rod 11 in the center of the structural unit 91 spanned space.
- the structural cells 92, 93, 94 are constructed. Adjacent structural cells 91, 92, 93, 94 have common corner nodes on. In the illustrated 2 x 2 arrangement of the structural units 91 to 94 are the centric nodes 113, 126 common nodes of all Structural cells 91 to 94.
- all nodes of the first and second node set by a guide means in the form of inner and outer scissors inevitably in their position to each other changeable.
- the inner and outer scissors are used or forwarding the forces acting on the nodes.
- the corner node 114 of the first node set is with the corner node 102 of the second Node quantity of an adjacent corner and the corner node 101 of the second Node set is with the corner node 115 of the first node set the adjacent corner by means of crosswise rotatable interconnected and Tensile and compressive forces transmitted aluminum rods 15 and 16 respectively connected.
- These scissors define the position of the knots the first and second node sets when changing the extent of the Structure 90 set mutually changeable.
- the structure 90 still has the so-called inner Scissors on, which can also be rotated by crossing each other connected aluminum rod pairs 31, 32; 33, 34; 35, 36; 37, 38 formed are.
- the scissors hinges are in the illustrated embodiment, respectively arranged in the middle of the bars.
- eccentric arrangement of Scissor joints in nodes 127 to 138 is the structure, under Maintaining the general topology and without an introduction of Residual stresses during extension and retraction, as cylinder or Ball cup executable.
- the rods of the case from the vertical plane inclined pair of scissors and those with nodes of the second and third Node-connected fasteners usually require at the node terminals at their beginning and end, another one rotational degree of freedom, for example, by two successive hinges with mutually orthogonal Rotary axes is available.
- the inner scissor hinges at the nodes 135 to 138 in which case the connecting elements 31, 33, 35, 37 as in essentially only tensile stresses transmitting connecting elements 31 ', 33 ', 35', 37 ', for example ropes, can be formed (FIG. 11).
- the bars of the scissors and the connecting elements leading to the nodes 109 to 112 and 122 to 125 of the third group of nodes, excluding the bars 11, 12, 13, 14, are at their ends by a respective pivot with horizontally and transversely to the longitudinal axis extending axis of rotation each connected to a node of the first, second or third node set.
- the two bars of a pair of scissors are additionally connected to each other at their point of intersection, the nodes 127 to 138, by a respective rotary joint with an axis of rotation extending horizontally and transversely to the longitudinal axis.
- the essentially only tensile forces transmitting connecting elements 3 to 6 are connected at their ends by a respective pivot with horizontal and transverse to the longitudinal axis of rotation axis with nodes of the second node set.
- the pull-out rope 1 and pull-in rope 2 is fixed to a node and runs over deflection rollers and / or deflection saddles integrated in the knots through the structure 90 to a preferably a locking clamp having exit point from the structure 90.
- the Ausziehseil 1 is fixed to the node 101 and runs through its sections 1a-1n via nodes 115-102-126-113-119-106-118-104-117-113-126-108 and 121 back to node 101 and is there led out of the structure 90 as shown in Fig. 6.
- the pull-in rope 2 is also fixed to the node 101 and runs along its sections 2a to 2d via the nodes 103-105 and 107 back to node 101 and is there also led out of the structure 90, as shown in FIG. 7.
- Fig. 3 shows the structure 90 in the fully extended state.
- the node 101 is in this case with a fixed support (not shown) of Supported structure 90, while the nodes 103, 105, 107 (not shown) slide bearings.
- all nodes 114 to 121 and 126 of the first node set lie as well the nodes 122 to. connected to the nodes of the second node set 125 of the third node set in a first upper level.
- Corresponding are all nodes 101 to 108 and 113 of the second node set and the nodes 109 to connected to the nodes of the first node set 112 of the third node set in a second plane parallel to the first Level runs and is arranged below this.
- FIG. 4 shows the connecting elements leading to the supports 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38 of the outer and inner Scissors. These have a higher load capacity, in particular one larger cross section than those with them rotatable crosswise connected fasteners.
- Fig. 5 shows the essentially only tensile forces transmitting Connecting elements 3 to 6 and 39, 41, ..., 69.
- Connecting elements 39, 41, ..., 69 designed as two-part steel cables, through which they cross and transmit tensile and compressive forces Connecting elements 40, 42, ..., 70 are passed.
- FIG. 8 shows that of nodes 114 to 126 of the first and third, respectively Node set spanned upper level, whereas Fig. 9 of the Node 101 to 113 of the second and third node set spanned lower level shows.
- Fig. 10 shows a roofing of the fully extended structure 90 with triangular plate elements 201 to 216. These are supported each on three nodes of the first and third nodes. By the mass of these plate elements conditional deflection of the structure 90th can by the above-described bias or elevation be compensated.
- the plate elements 202, 205, 208, 211 and 213 to 216 each advantageously connect nodes 122, 123; 123 124; 124, 125; 125, 122 of the third node set of adjacent ones Tragtechnikszellen 91 to 94 and act in particular like other, train and Compressive forces transmitting fasteners.
- Fig. 11 shows an alternative embodiment of a 2 x 2 arrangement of structural cells in a supporting structure, which in the X and Y direction one Has curvature u. a. by dissolving the inner scissors and by replacing the Züg- and compressive forces transmitting fasteners 31, 33, 35, 37 by the substantially only tensile forces transmitting Ropes 31 ', 33', 35 ', 37' is possible.
- the structure is only one-sided is to be curved, such a resolution of the inner shears is not required.
- FIG. 12 shows by way of example a scissors joint through which the two Tensile and compressive forces transmitted connecting elements 15, 16 via Cross are rotatably connected to each other.
- the rod 16 leads, as in 3, to the node 101 at the support point of the structure 90th and therefore has a larger diameter.
- the pull-out rope 1 is passed, which due to the different diameter arranged in the nodes 101, 115 Deflection on the joint body 127 'of the node 127 is passed or at least without the structure unfavorable loading deflecting force this is present.
- FIG. 13 shows, by way of example, the articulation of the connecting elements on the common nodes 104, 117 of the adjacent structural units 92, 93.
- the bars 19, 20; 21, 22 of the outer scissors, as well as the rods 33, 34 of the inner scissors and the inner struts 52, 58 are hinged, each with a rotational degree of freedom having joint at the nodes 104 and 117, respectively.
- the leading to the nodes of the third node set, doubly executed and between each of the inner strut 52 and 58 crossing receiving ropes 51 and 57 are also hinged to the node 117 with a rotational degree of freedom.
- the Ausziehseil 1 runs almost parallel to the rod 22 coming from the node 118 to the hinged at node 104 deflection roller 1 'with a larger diameter to the node 117 hinged pulley 1 "with a smaller diameter and further almost parallel to the rod 33 to node 113th
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Description
Der mindestens eine Knoten der dritten Knotenmenge liegt unterhalb des untersten Eckknoten der ersten Knotenmenge, mit dem er verbunden ist.
Die Ausdehnung des Tragwerks ist durch eine Betätigungseinrichtung einstellbar, die Ausfahr- und Einfahrmittel aufweist, insbesondere ein Ausziehseil und ein Einziehseil, die in den jeweiligen Knoten über Umlenkmittel geführt sind und vorzugsweise an einem gemeinsamen Knoten feststellbar betätigbar sind. Beispielsweise kann an dem gemeinsamen Knoten eine motorisch angetriebene Winde angeordnet sein, die das Ausfahren und Einfahren des Tragwerks betätigt. Das Aus- und Einfahren des Tragwerks erfolgt eigenspannungsfrei, d. h. in jedem beliebigen Zustand während des Aus- und Einfahrens treten vorzugsweise lediglich die durch die Eigenlast und gegebenenfalls eine Nutzlast verursachten Beanspruchungen in dem Tragwerk auf. Darüber hinaus ist das Tragwerk vorzugsweise mittels der Betätigungseinrichtung derart mit einer Vorspannung beaufschlagbar, daß es in einem belasteten Zustand eine vorgebbare Form einnimmt. Diese Vorspannung kann beispielsweise durch Klemmen des Ausziehseils bei gleichzeitigem Beaufschlagen des Einziehseils mit einer Zugkraft und anschließendem Feststellen bzw. Klemmen des Einziehseils erfolgen.
Die Verbindungselemente der dabei aus der vertikalen Ebene geneigten Scherenpaare sowie die mit Knoten der zweiten und dritten Knotenmenge verbundenen Verbindungselemente erfordern in der Regel, an den an ihrem Anfang und Ende gelegenen Knotenanschlüssen, einen weiteren rotatorischen Freiheitsgrad, der beispielsweise durch zwei aufeinanderfolgende Drehgelenke mit zueinander orthogonalen Drehachsen bereitstellbar ist.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt ein Tragwerk bestehend aus 2 x 2 Tragwerkszellen im eingefahrenen Zustand,
- Fig. 2
- zeigt das Tragwerk der Fig. 1 in einem teilweise ausgefahrenen Zustand,
- Fig. 3
- zeigt das Tragwerk im vollständig ausgefahrenen Zustand,
- Fig. 4
- zeigt die zu den Auflagern hinführenden Verbindungselemente der Führungseinrichtung,
- Fig. 5
- zeigt die im wesentlichen nur Zugkräfte übertragenden Verbindungselemente,
- Fig. 6
- zeigt den Verlauf des Ausziehseils,
- Fig. 7
- zeigt den Verlauf des Einziehseils,
- Fig. 8
- zeigt die von den Knoten der ersten bzw. dritten Knotenmenge aufgespannte obere Ebene,
- Fig. 9
- zeigt die von den Knoten der zweiten bzw. dritten Knotenmenge aufgespannte untere Ebene,
- Fig. 10
- zeigt eine Eindeckung des Tragwerks mit dreieckförmigen Plattenelementen,
- Fig. 11
- zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform,
- Fig. 12
- zeigt beispielhaft ein Scherengelenk, und
- Fig. 13
- zeigt beispielhaft die Anlenkung der Verbindungselemente.
Die Ausdehnung in den horizontalen X- und Y-Richtungen ist minimiert. Die oberen Knoten 114 bis 121 und 126 (Fig. 3) der ersten Knotenmenge liegen ebenso in einer Ebene wie die unteren Knoten 101 bis 108 und 113 (Fig. 3) der zweiten Knotenmenge. Die Knoten 109 bis 112 und 122 bis 125 (Fig. 3) der dritten Knotenmenge sind im eingefahrenen Zustand in vertikaler Richtung zwischen den Knoten der ersten und zweiten Knotenmenge und im Zentrum ihrer jeweiligen Tragwerkszelle angeordnet. Die Tragwerkszelle 91 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel in der Draufsicht viereckig, sie könnte aber ebenso drei- oder vieleckig sein. Das Tragwerk kann durch eine beliebige, auch dreidimensionale Anordnung von n x m (n, m natürliche Zahlen) Tragwerkszellen gebildet sein.
Die beiden Stäbe einer Schere sind zusätzlich an ihrem Kreuzungspunkt, den Knoten 127 bis 138, durch je ein Drehgelenk mit horizontal und quer zur Längsachse verlaufender Drehachse miteinander verbunden. Die im wesentlichen nur Zugkräfte übertragenden Verbindungselemente 3 bis 6 sind an ihren Enden durch je ein Drehgelenk mit horizontal und quer zur Längsachse verlaufender Drehachse mit Knoten der zweiten Knotenmenge verbunden.
Das Ausziehseil 1 verläuft nahezu parallel zum Stab 22 vom Knoten 118 kommend um die am Knoten 104 angelenkte Umlenkrolle 1' mit größerem Durchmesser zur am Knoten 117 angelenkten Umlenkrolle 1" mit kleinerem Durchmesser und weiter nahezu parallel zum Stab 33 zum Knoten 113.
Claims (20)
- Wandelbares Tragwerk mit zellenartigem Aufbau aufweisend mindestens eine zusammenklappbare Tragwerkszelle (91), die begrenzt ist von Knoten (114, 115, 126, 121) einer ersten Knotenmenge, die Eckknoten der Tragwerkszelle (91) sind und in einer ersten Fläche liegen, und von Knoten (101, 102, 113, 108) einer zweiten Knotenmenge, die Eckknoten der Tragwerkszelle (91) sind und in einer zweiten Fläche liegen, und mit mindestens einem Knoten (109, 122) einer dritten Knotenmenge, der außerhalb der ersten Fläche liegt, wobei mindestens ein Teil der Knoten der ersten und zweiten Knotenmenge durch eine Führungseinrichtung in seiner Position zueinander festlegbar, insbesondere miteinander verbindbar, ist, wobei ein Knoten (109) der dritten Knotenmenge mit mindestens einem Knoten (114, 115, 121) der ersten Knotenmenge und mit mindestens einem weiteren Knoten (113) der ersten oder zweiten Knotenmenge verbunden ist und alle diese Verbindungen zwischen dem einen Knoten (109) der dritten Knotenmenge und dem mindestens einen Knoten (114, 115, 121) der ersten Knotenmenge und dem mindestens einen weiteren Knoten (113) der ersten oder zweiten Knotenmenge ausschließlich durch ein im wesentlichen nur Zugkräfte übertragendes Verbindungselement (39, 41, 43, 45) realisiert sind, wobei der eine Knoten (109) der dritten Knotenmenge unterhalb des untersten Eckknotens (114, 115, 121) der ersten Knotenmenge, mit dem er verbunden ist, angeordnet ist, und wobei die bei Belastung des Tragwerks durch Nutz- und/oder Eigenlast auftretenden Kräfte als Zugkräfte über das im wesentlichen nur Zugkräfte übertragende Verbindungselement (39, 41, 43, 45) von dem Knoten (109) der dritten Knotenmenge an den mindestens einen Knoten (114, 115, 121) der ersten Knotenmenge und an den mindestens einen weiteren Knoten (113) der ersten oder zweiten Knotenmenge ableitbar sind.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Knoten (122) der dritten Knotenmenge mit mindestens einem Knoten (101, 102, 113, 108) der zweiten Knotenmenge durch ein Zug- und Druckkräfte übertragendes Verbindungselement (40, 42, 44, 46) verbunden ist.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine Knoten (114, 115, 121) der ersten Knotenmenge und der mindestens eine weitere Knoten (113) der ersten oder zweiten Knotenmenge und der mindestens eine Knoten (101, 102, 113, 108) der zweiten Knotenmenge mit einem gemeinsamen Knoten der dritten Knotenmenge verbunden sind.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine Knoten (114, 115, 121) der ersten Knotenmenge und der mindestens eine weitere Knoten (113) der ersten oder zweiten Knotenmenge mit einem ersten Knoten (109) der dritten Knotenmenge und der mindestens eine Knoten (101, 102, 113, 108) der zweiten Knotenmenge mit einem zweiten Knoten (122) der dritten Knoten menge verbunden sind, und daß der erste Knoten (109) der dritten Knotenmenge durch ein Druck- und Zugkräfte übertragendes Verbindungselement (11) mit dem zweiten Knoten (122) der dritten Knotenmenge verbunden ist.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste und/oder die zweite Fläche eine Ebene ist.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Knoten (101, 102, 113, 108) der zweiten Knotenmenge und der Knoten (109) der dritten Knotenmenge, der mit mindestens einem Knoten (114, 115, 121) der ersten Knotenmenge und mit mindestens einem weiteren Knoten (113) der ersten oder zweiten Knotenmenge durch ein im wesentlichen nur Zugkräfte übertragendes Verbindungselement (39, 41, 43, 45) verbunden ist, in einer Ebene liegen.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Knoten (114, 115, 126, 121) der ersten Knotenmenge und der Knoten (122) der dritten Knotenmenge, der mit mindestens einem Knoten (101, 102, 113, 108) der zweiten Knotenmenge durch ein Zug- und Druckkräfte übertragendes Verbindungselement (40, 42, 44, 46) verbunden ist, in einer Ebene liegen.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungseinrichtung Führungsmittel aufweist und daß mindestens ein Knoten (114) der ersten Knotenmenge einer insbesondere am äußeren Umfang des Tragwerks angeordneten Ecke der Tragwerkszelle (91) mit einem Knoten (102) der zweiten Knotenmenge einer insbesondere am äußeren Umfang des Tragwerks angeordneten benachbarten Ecke der Tragwerkszelle (91) und ein Knoten (101) der zweiten Knotenmenge der Ecke mit einem Knoten (115) der ersten Knotenmenge der benachbarten Ecke durch die Führungsmittel miteinander verbunden sind.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungsmittel über Kreuz drehbar miteinander verbundene und Zug- und Druckkräfte übertragende Verbindungselemente (15, 16) aufweisen.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu Auflagern des Tragwerks führenden Zug- und Druckkräfte übertragenden Verbindungselemente (16, 32, 17, 20, 34, 21, 24, 36, 25, 28, 38, 29) eine größere Belastbarkeit, insbesondere einen größeren Durchmesser, aufweisen als die übrigen Verbindungselemente (15, 31, 18, 19, 33, 22, 23, 35, 26, 27, 37, 30) der Führungsmittel.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Teil der paarweise über Kreuz drehbar miteinander verbundenen und Zug- und Druckkräfte übertragenden Verbindungselemente (15, 16; 17, 18; bis 37, 38) außerhalb ihrer Mitte in Längsrichtung miteinander verbunden sind.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Tragwerkszellen (91, 92, 93, 94) nebeneinander angeordnet sind und daß benachbarte Tragwerkszellen gemeinsame Knoten aufweisen.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ausdehnung der Tragwerkszelle (91) bzw. des Tragwerks (90) durch eine Betätigungseinrichtung einstellbar ist.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betätigungseinrichtung Ausfahr- und Einfahrmittel aufweist, insbesondere ein Ausziehseil (1) und ein Einziehseil (2), die in den jeweiligen Knoten über Umlenkmittel geführt sind und vorzugsweise an einem gemeinsamen Knoten (101) feststellbar betätigbar sind.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausziehseil (1) in den jeweiligen Knoten über Umlenkmittel, insbesondere Umlenkrollen oder Umlenksättel, mit mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Umlenkradien geführt ist.
- Tragwerk nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels der Betätigungseinrichtung das Tragwerk (90) mit einer Vorspannung beaufschlagbar ist und dadurch in einem belasteten Zustand eine vorgebbare Form einnimmt.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Teil der Knoten (114 bis 121, 126) der ersten Knotenmenge und/oder der Knoten (101 bis 108, 113) der zweiten Knotenmenge und/oder der Knoten (109 bis 112, 122 bis 125) der dritten Knotenmenge mit einer Membran derart verbindbar sind, daß dadurch eine mindestens partiell geschlossene Oberfläche der ersten bzw. zweiten Fläche gebildet ist.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Teil der Knoten (114 bis 121, 126) der ersten Knotenmenge und mindestens ein Teil der Knoten (122 bis 125) der dritten Knotenmenge mit mindestens einem, vorzugsweise dreieckigen Plattenelement (201 bis 216) derart verbindbar sind, daß dadurch eine mindestens partiell geschlossene Oberfläche der ersten Fläche gebildet ist.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zug- und Druckkräfte übertragenden Verbindungselemente an den jeweiligen Knoten angelenkt sind und insbesondere durch Stäbe aus Aluminium gebildet sind.
- Tragwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die im wesentlichen Zugkräfte übertragenden Verbindungselemente an den jeweiligen Knoten festgelegt, insbesondere angelenkt, sind und mindestens zum Teil durch jeweils zwei parallel verlaufende Drähte oder Seile aus Stahl gebildet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19940169A DE19940169C1 (de) | 1999-08-25 | 1999-08-25 | Wandelbares Tragwerk mit zellenartigem Aufbau bestehend aus mindestens einer zusammenklappbaren Tragwerkszelle |
DE19940169 | 1999-08-25 | ||
PCT/EP2000/007728 WO2001014654A1 (de) | 1999-08-25 | 2000-08-09 | Wandelbares tragwerk mit zellenartigem aufbau bestehend aus mindestens einer zusammenklappbaren tragwerkszelle |
Publications (2)
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EP1206605A1 EP1206605A1 (de) | 2002-05-22 |
EP1206605B1 true EP1206605B1 (de) | 2004-06-02 |
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EP00951487A Expired - Lifetime EP1206605B1 (de) | 1999-08-25 | 2000-08-09 | Wandelbares tragwerk mit zellenartigem aufbau bestehend aus mindestens einer zusammenklappbaren tragwerkszelle |
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US (1) | US7107733B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1206605B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE268418T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU6440700A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19940169C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2221622T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001014654A1 (de) |
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US20060272266A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-12-07 | Trott Charles R | Modular structure |
US20080289673A1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-11-27 | Thomas Roden | Foldable expandable shelter |
US20090056782A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-05 | Johnson Outdoors Inc. | Swivel Tent Fitting |
CA2788933C (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2017-04-25 | Visual Sports Systems | Collapsible enclosure for playing games on computers and gaming consoles |
CN102605888B (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2014-04-16 | 东南大学 | 具有四个自由度的桁架结构 |
ES2555635B2 (es) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-05-03 | Universidad De Cantabria | Nudo de conexión para estructuras desplegables |
WO2017117043A1 (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2017-07-06 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Articulated joint mechanism for cable-based and tensegrity structures |
CN105761640B (zh) * | 2016-05-16 | 2018-08-31 | 杭州邦美展览器材有限公司 | 一种背光绷布拉网展架 |
WO2021140360A1 (es) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-07-15 | Gomez Lizcano Daniel Enrique | Refugios desplegables de gran escala con marcos triangulados y mecanismos de tijeras libres de estrés |
ES2921098B2 (es) * | 2021-02-11 | 2023-02-01 | Univ Cantabria | Nudo engranado acoplable para malla espacial |
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DE259651C (de) | ||||
US4276726A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-07-07 | Derus David L | Collapsable, articulated wall structure |
DE3222475A1 (de) | 1981-06-19 | 1983-01-27 | British Aerospace Public Ltd. Co., London | Ausfahrbarer mastaufbau |
US4471548A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1984-09-18 | John Goudie Associates, Inc. | Display frames |
US4527362A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1985-07-09 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Deployable truss |
JPS59501615A (ja) * | 1982-09-24 | 1984-09-13 | ニドスコフ,プレ−ベン | 折たたみ式展示用パネル |
US4791761A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1988-12-20 | John Goudie Associates, Inc. | Lockable display frame |
JPS60233249A (ja) * | 1984-05-07 | 1985-11-19 | 小野田 淳次郎 | 展開トラス |
US4599832A (en) * | 1985-01-04 | 1986-07-15 | Benton Max D | Extendible structures |
US4970841A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1990-11-20 | Nomadic Structures, Inc. | Universal building system |
JPH0615783B2 (ja) * | 1985-07-25 | 1994-03-02 | 淳次郎 小野田 | 展開構造物 |
US4658560A (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1987-04-21 | Beaulieu Bryan J | Support and attachment brace |
DD259651A1 (de) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-08-31 | Univ Dresden Tech | Zerlegbares, leichtes, raeumliches tragwerk |
CA1295452C (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1992-02-11 | Kazuo Tanizawa | Module for expandable truss structure and expandable truss structure employingsaid module |
US4947884A (en) | 1989-05-24 | 1990-08-14 | Lynch James P | Collapsible canopy with auto erect roof support structure |
US5230196A (en) * | 1990-09-05 | 1993-07-27 | World Shelters, Inc. | Polyhedron building system |
US5327700A (en) * | 1991-12-05 | 1994-07-12 | Skyline Displays, Inc. | Collapsible modular display tower assembly |
US5274980A (en) | 1991-12-23 | 1994-01-04 | World Shelters, Inc. | Polyhedron building system having telescoping scissors |
JPH0687497A (ja) | 1992-09-09 | 1994-03-29 | Toshiba Corp | 展開型トラス構造体 |
US5490533A (en) | 1993-04-05 | 1996-02-13 | Carter Mark C | Collapsible shelter with elevated canopy |
US5444946A (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1995-08-29 | World Shelters, Inc. | Portable shelter assemblies |
DE19651444C2 (de) * | 1996-12-11 | 2000-01-05 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Bauteil aus einem Fachwerkträgersystem |
-
1999
- 1999-08-25 DE DE19940169A patent/DE19940169C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2000-08-09 DE DE50006695T patent/DE50006695D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-09 EP EP00951487A patent/EP1206605B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-09 US US10/069,705 patent/US7107733B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-09 AU AU64407/00A patent/AU6440700A/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2000-08-09 ES ES00951487T patent/ES2221622T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE19940169C1 (de) | 2000-12-14 |
WO2001014654A1 (de) | 2001-03-01 |
DE50006695D1 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
EP1206605A1 (de) | 2002-05-22 |
AU6440700A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
ES2221622T3 (es) | 2005-01-01 |
ATE268418T1 (de) | 2004-06-15 |
US7107733B1 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
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