EP1155007A2 - 1,2-benzothiazepin derivate zur behandlung von hyperlipidaemischen krankheiten - Google Patents

1,2-benzothiazepin derivate zur behandlung von hyperlipidaemischen krankheiten

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Publication number
EP1155007A2
EP1155007A2 EP00915720A EP00915720A EP1155007A2 EP 1155007 A2 EP1155007 A2 EP 1155007A2 EP 00915720 A EP00915720 A EP 00915720A EP 00915720 A EP00915720 A EP 00915720A EP 1155007 A2 EP1155007 A2 EP 1155007A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkyl
heterocyclyl
group
aryl
independently selected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP00915720A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael B. Tollefson
Steve A. Kolodziej
David B. Reitz
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GD Searle LLC
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GD Searle LLC
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Publication of EP1155007A2 publication Critical patent/EP1155007A2/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D281/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of more than six members having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D281/02—Seven-membered rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/08—Bridged systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids R2P(=O)(OH); Thiophosphinic acids, i.e. R2P(=X)(XH) (X = S, Se)
    • C07F9/36—Amides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids RP(=O)(OH)2; Thiophosphonic acids, i.e. RP(=X)(XH)2 (X = S, Se)
    • C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids RP(=O)(OH)2; Thiophosphonic acids, i.e. RP(=X)(XH)2 (X = S, Se) not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/3808—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds
    • C07F9/5407—Acyclic saturated phosphonium compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel 1,2-benzothiazepines, derivatives and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in medicine, particularly in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of hyperlipidemic diseases, conditions and/or disorders, such as those associated with atherosclerosis and/or hypercholesterolemia, in mammals.
  • the ileal bile acid transport system is a putative pharmaceutical target for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia based on an interruption ofthe enterohepatic circulation with specific transport inhibitors.
  • Kramer, et al "Intestinal Bile Acid Absorption", The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Vol. 268, No. 24, Issue of August 25, pp. 18035-18046, 1993.
  • Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft discloses polymers of various naturally occurring constituents ofthe enterohepatic circulation system and their derivatives, including bile acid, which inhibit the physiological bile acid transport with the goal of reducing the LDL cholesterol level sufficiently to be effective as pharmaceuticals and, in particular for use as hypocholesterolemic agents. See, e.g., Canadian Patent Application Nos. 2,025,294; 2,078,588; 2,085,782; and 2,085,830; and EP Application Nos. 0 379 161; 0 549 967; 0 559 064; and 0 563 731.
  • Selected benzothiepines are disclosed in world patent application number WO93/321146 for numerous uses including fatty acid metabolism and coronary vascular diseases.
  • benzothiepines are known for use as hypolipaemic and hypocholesterolaemic agents, especially for the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis as disclosed by application Nos. EP 508425, FR 2661676, and WO 92/18462, each of which is limited by an amide bonded to the carbon adjacent the phenyl ring ofthe fused bicyclo benzothiepine ring.
  • WO96/16051 published May 30, 1996 describes certain 1,5- benzothiazepines as useful in the treatment of hyperlipidemic conditions.
  • WO96/05188 published February 22, 1996 describes certain 1 ,4- benzothiazepines as useful in the treatment of hyperlipidemic conditions.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,350,761 describes hydroxylamine derivatives that generically encompass certain benzothiazepine compounds. These derivatives are described as lipoxygenase inhibitors useful in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic conditions.
  • WO98/02432 published January 22, 1998 describes certain 5-(aryl-(N- containing-heterocyclyl)alkyl)benzothiazepines and aralkyl-(N-containing- heterocyclyl)alkyl)-benzothiazepines as useful for controlling micturition.
  • WO97/03953 published February 6, 1997 describes certain sulfonylamino-substituted benzothiazepines as inhibitors ofthe enzyme cyclooxygenase II.
  • WO95/21843 published August 17, 1995 describes certain benzothiazepines substituted with azacyclic condensed piperazines. These compounds are identified as kappa receptor agonists useful as analgesics and diuretics and for the treatment of cerebral ischaemia.
  • EP338331 published October 25, 1989 describes certain 2- benzothiazepine-5-ones useful as muscle relaxants.
  • a first aspect ofthe invention comprises novel 1,2- benzothiazepines that are effective agents for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of hyperlipidemic diseases, conditions and/or disorders.
  • a second aspect ofthe invention comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel 1 ,2- benzothiazepines that are suitable for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of hyperlipidemic diseases, conditions and/or disorders.
  • a third aspect ofthe invention comprises methods for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of hyperlipidemic diseases, conditions and/or disorders comprising administering to a subject a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of one ofthe novel 1,2- benzothiazepines.
  • a fourth aspect ofthe invention comprises methods of making the novel 1,2-benzothiazepines ofthe present invention. Additional aspects ofthe invention are discussed throughout the specification of this application.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrocarbyl, wherein said hydrocarbyl may be optionally substituted with one or more groups comprising one or more heteroatoms, and wherein said hydrocarbyl optionally may have one or more carbon atoms replaced by one or more heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus;
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; hydrocarbyl; -OR 9 ; -NR 9 R 10 ; -SR 9 ; -S(O)R 9 ; -SO2R 9 ; and -
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; hydrocarbyl; amino; and hydrocarbylamino; wherein said hydrocarbyl moieties may be optionally substituted with one or more groups comprising one or more heteroatoms, and wherein said hydrocarbyl moieties optionally may have one or more carbon atoms replaced by one or more heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus; and
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; -CN; halogen; oxo; hydrocarbyl; -OR 9 ; -NR 9 R 1 ; -
  • hydrocarbyl may be optionally substituted with one or more groups comprising one or more heteroatoms, and wherein said hydrocarbyl optionally may have one or more carbon atoms replaced by one or more heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus; or R 11 and R12 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring; and
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; -OR 9 ; -SR 9 ; -S(O)R 9 ; -SO2R 9 ; and -SO3R 9 ; wherein the R and R radicals optionally may be substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; -NO2; -CN; oxo; hydrocarbyl; -OR 13 ; -NR 13 R 14 ; -SR 13 ; -
  • 1 T consisting of hydrogen; halogen; -CN; -N ⁇ 2; hydrocarbyl; -OR ; -
  • NR 13 OR 14 ; -NR 13 NR 14 R 15 ; -CO2R 13 ; -OM; -SO2OM; -SO2NR 13 R 14 ; -
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; cycloalkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; alkoxyalkyl; alkoxyalkenyl; alkoxy alkynyl; aryloxyalkyl; aryloxyalkenyl; aryloxyalkynyl; heterocy ley loxy alkyl; heterocycloxyalkenyl; heterocyclyloxyalkynyl; alkylaryl; and (polyalkyl)aryl; or R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form C 3 -C]o cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl; wherein the R 1 and R 2 alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; cycloalkenyl; alkynyl; aryl
  • R , R , and R w are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; alkylammoniumalkyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; carboxyalkyl; alkoxyalkyl; carboalkoxyalkyl; carboxyaryl; carboxyheterocyclyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxyalkylamino; alkoxyalkylamino; and acyl; or wherein A " is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; and
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; -OR ; -NR R ; - SR 9 ; -S(O)R 9 ; -SO2R 9 ; and -SO3R 9 ; or
  • R 11 and R 12 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring; and wherein R 9 and R 10 are as defined above; and R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; -OR 9 ; -SR 9 ; -S(O)R 9 ; -SO2R 9 ; and -SO3R 9 ; wherein the R and R alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; and quaternary heterocyclyl radicals optionally may be substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; -CN; -NO2; oxo; alkyl; polyalkyl; haloalkyl; hydroxyalkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alky
  • 7 optionally may have one or more carbons replaced by -O-; -NR -; -
  • R 7 R 8 A " -; -S-; -SO-; -SO2-; -S + R 7 A--; -PR 7 -; -P(O)R 7 -; -P + R 7 R 8 A " -; or phenylene; and wherein R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl, alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; and heterocyclyl; and wherein R , R , and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; haloalkyl; cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; quaternary heterocyclylalkyl; alkylarylalkyl; alkylheterocyclylalkyl; alkylammoniumalkyl; aminoalkyl; amino
  • NR 13 OR 14 ; -NR 13 NR 14 R 15 ; -CO2R 13 ; -OM; -SO2OM; -SO2NR 13 R 14 ; - NR 14 C(O)R 13 ; -C(O)NR 13 R 14 ; -C(O)OM; -COR 13 ; -OR 18 ; - S(O) n NR 13 R 14 ; -NR 13 R 18 ; -NR 18 OR 14 ; -N + R 13 R 14 R 15 A " ; -PR 13 R 14 ; -P(O)R 13 R 14 ; -P + R 13 R 14 R 15 A " ; amino acid residue; peptide residue; polypeptide residue; and carbohydrate residue; wherein the R x alkyl; cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; haloalkyl; hydroxyalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; hetero
  • R" quaternary heterocyclyl radical optionally may be substituted with one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen; -CN; -NO2; oxo; alkyl; cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; haloalkyl; hydroxyalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; polyether; -OR 13 ; -NR 13 R 14 ; -SR 13 ; -S(O)R 13 ; - SO2R 13 ; -S ⁇ 3R 13 ; -NR 13 OR 14 ; -NR 13 NR 14 R 15 ; -CO2R 13 ; OM; - SO2OM; -SO2NR 13 R 14 ; -C(O)NR 13 R 14 ; -C(O)OM
  • R 18 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; acyl; alkoxycarbonyl; arylalkoxycarbonyl; and heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl; and wherein the R 18 alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; acyl; alkoxycarbonyl; arylalkoxycarbonyl; and heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl radicals optionally may be substituted with one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen; -CN ; NO 2 ; oxo; -OR 9 ; -NR 9 R 10 ; -N ⁇ R 1 ⁇ A " ;
  • R 5 and R 6 preferably are independently selected from the group consisting of H; aryl; heterocyclyl; and quaternary heterocyclyl; wherein the R and R aryl; heterocyclyl; and quaternary heterocyclyl; radicals optionally may be substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; -CN; -NO2; oxo; alkyl; polyalkyl; haloalkyl; hydroxyalkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; polyether; -OR 13 ; -NR 13 R 14 ; -SR 13 ; -S(O)R 13 ; - SO2R 13 ; -S ⁇ 3R 13 ; -NR 13 OR 14 ; -NR 13 NR 14 R 15 ; -
  • 7 optionally may have one or more carbons replaced by -O-; -NR -; -
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl, alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; and heterocyclyl; and wherein R , R , and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; haloalkyl; cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; quaternary heterocyclylalkyl; alkylarylalkyl; alkylheterocyclylalkyl; alkylammoniumalkyl; aminocarbonylalkyl
  • R 9 consisting of R and M; and wherein M is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and wherein R 9 , R 10 , R n , R 12 , R w , and A " are as previously set forth above for the compounds of Formula I.
  • R 5 or R 6 has the formula -Ar-(R y ) t wherein: t is an integer from 0 to 5; Ar is selected from the group consisting of phenyl; thiophenyl; pyridyl; piperazinyl; piperonyl; pyrrolyl; naphthyl; furanyl; anthracenyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; quinoxalinyl; imidazolyl; pyrazolyl; oxazolyl; isoxazolyl; pyrimidinyl; thiazolyl; triazolyl; isothiazolyl; indolyl; benzoimidazolyl; benzoxazolyl; benzothiazolyl; and benzoisothiazolyl; and one or more R ⁇ are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; -CN; -NO2; oxo; alkyl; polyalkyl;
  • R 9 consisting of R and M; and wherein M is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and wherein R 9 , R 10 , R", R 12 , R w , and A " are as previously set forth above for the compounds of Formula I.
  • At least one of R 5 or R 6 has the formula (II)
  • R y and t are defined as above.
  • Formula I preferably satisfy at least one or more ofthe following additional conditions:
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and (C 3 . 10 )cycloalkyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C,_ 10 )alkyl. More preferably, R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of (C,., 0 )alkyl. Still more preferably, R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of (C ⁇ . 7 )alkyl. Still more preferably, R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of (C 2 . 4 )alkyl. Still more preferably, R 1 and R 2 are the same (C 2 . 4 )alkyl. Still more preferably, R 1 and R 2 are each n-butyl; and/or
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and -OR 9 wherein R 9 is defined as previously set forth above for the compounds of Formula I.
  • R 3 is hydrogen and R 4 is -OR 9
  • R 3 is hydrogen and R 4 is hydroxy.
  • the hydroxy group is in a syn relationship to the structure of Formula II; and/or
  • R 5 is phenyl substituted with a radical selected from the group consisting of -OR 13 , -NR 13 R 14 , -NR 13 C(O)R 14 , -NR 13 C(O)NR 14 R 15 , - NR 13 CO 2 R 14 , -OC(O)R 13 , -OC(O)NR 13 R 14 , -NR 13 SOR 14 , -NR 13 SO 2 R 14 , - NR 13 SONR 1 R 15 , and -NR 13 SO 2 NR 1 R 15 wherein R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are as previously set forth above for the compounds of Formula I.
  • R 5 is phenyl substituted with -OR 13 or -NR 13 C(O)R 14 . Still more preferably, R 5 is phenyl substituted at the para or meta position with -OR 13 wherein R 13 comprises a quaternary heterocyclyl, quaternary heterocyclylalkyl or alkylammoniumalkyl, or R 5 is phenyl substituted at the para or meta position with -NR 13 C(O)R 14 wherein R 13 is hydrogen and R 14 comprises a quaternary heterocyclyl, quaternary heterocyclylalkyl or alkylammoniumalkyl; and/or
  • R 6 is hydrogen
  • R N is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and aralkyl.
  • R N is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 0 )alkyl and aryl(C 1 . 10 )alkyl. More preferably, R N is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and benzyl. Still more preferably, R N is hydrogen; and/or
  • R x is independently selected from the group consisting of -OR 13 , - NR 13 R 14 , -N + R 13 R 14 R ,5 A ⁇ and polyether. More preferably, R x is selected from the group consisting of -OR 13 and -NR 13 R 14 . Still more preferably, R x is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino. Still more preferably, R x is selected from the group consisting of methoxy and dimethylamino; and or
  • R x are present at the 7-, 8- or 9-position ofthe benzo ring ofthe structure of Formula I.
  • said R" are present at the 7- and 9-positions ofthe benzo ring ofthe structure of Formula I.
  • R x is present at the 7-position ofthe benzo ring ofthe structure of Formula I; and/or
  • q is 1, 2 or 3.
  • q is 1 or 2, and more preferably q is 1; and/or
  • the compounds of Formula I satisfy at least one or more ofthe above-described conditions and R 5 comprises a carbohydrate residue.
  • a more preferred class of compounds comprises those compounds of Formula I wherein: q is an integer from 1 to 4;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; arylalkyl; alkoxyalkyl; alkoxyalkenyl; alkoxyalkynyl; alkylaryl; and (polyalkyl)aryl; or
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl; and wherein the R 1 and R 2 alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; arylalkyl; alkoxyalkyl; alkoxyalkenyl; alkoxyalkynyl; alkylaryl; and (polyalkyl)aryl radicals optionally may be substituted with one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of -CN; halogen; oxo; -OR 9 ; -NR 9 R 10 ; -
  • R 1 and R 2 alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; arylalkyl; alkoxyalkyl; alkoxyalkenyl; alkoxyalkynyl; alkylaryl; and (polyalkyl)aryl radicals optionally may have one or more carbons replaced by -O-; -NR ,9" N N ++ RR 99 RR 1100 AA __.. __ ss __.. _ so _. _ s ⁇ 2 _.
  • R , R , and R w are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; alkylammoniumalkyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; carboxyalkyl; carboalkoxyalkyl; carboxyheterocyclyl; carboxyalkylamino; and acyl; and wherein A " is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; and
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of
  • R 1 1 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; -CN; halogen; oxo; alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; carboxyalkyl; carboalkoxyalkyl; cycloalkyl; cyanoalkyl; -OR 9 ; -NR 9 R 10 ; -SR 9 ; -S(O)R 9 ; -SO2R 9 ; -SO3R 9 ; -CO2R 9 ; and -CONR 9 R 10 ; or R 11 and R12 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring; and wherein R 9 and R 10 are as defined above; and R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocycl
  • 7 optionally may have one or more carbons replaced by -O-; -NR -; -
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; and wherein R , R , and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; haloalkyl; cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; quaternary heterocyclylalkyl; alkylarylalkyl; alkylheterocyclylalkyl; alkylammoniumalkyl; carboxyalkylaminocarbonylalkyl; and polyether; or wherein R 13 and R 14
  • R 9 consisting of R and M; and wherein M is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and wherein R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R w , and A " are as defined above; and
  • R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; and aralkyl; and one or more R x radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; -CN; -NO2; alkyl; cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; haloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; pojyether; acyloxy; -OR 13 ; -NR 13 R 14 ; -SR 13 ; -S(O)R 13 ; - S(O)2R 13 ; -SO3R 13 ; -S + R 13 R 14 A-; -NR 13 OR 14 ; -NR 13 NR 14 R 15 ; -
  • R x radicals comprising carbon optionally may have one or more carbons replaced by -O-; -NR 13 -; -N + R 13 R 14 A -; -S-; -SO-; -SO2-; -S + R 13 A " -; -PR 13 -; -P(O)R 13 -; -PR 13 -; -P + R 13 R 1 A " -; phenylene; amino acid; peptide; polypeptide; carbohydrate; polyether; or polyalkyl; wherein said phenylene; amino acid; peptide; polypeptide; carbohydrate; and
  • polyalkyl optionally may have one or more carbons replaced by -O-; -NR -;
  • R 18 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; acyl; alkoxycarbonyl; arylalkoxycarbonyl; and heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl; and wherein the R 18 alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; acyl; alkoxycarbonyl; arylalkoxycarbonyl; and heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl radicals
  • a class of compounds of interest comprises those compounds of Formula I wherein: q is an integer from 1 to 4;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C,-C 10 )alkyl; (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl; (C 2 -
  • R , R , and R w are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C r C 10 )alkyl; (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; ammonium(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; (C r C ⁇ o)alkylammonium(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; aryl(C !
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C,-C 10 )alkyl; (C 2 -C )0 )alkenyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; -OR 9 ; -NR 9 R 10 ; -SR 9 ; -S(O)R 9 ; -SO2R 9 ; and -SO3R 9 ; or
  • R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; -CN; halogen; oxo; (C,-C 10 )alkyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; aryl(C,-C 10 )alkyl; carboxy(C r C 10 )alkyl; carbo(C 1 -C 10 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl; cyano(C,-C 10 )alkyl; - OR 9 ; -NR 9 R 10 ; -SR 9 ; -S(O)R 9 ; -SO2R 9 ; -SO3R 9 ; -CO2R 9 ; and - CONR 9 R 10 ; or i i 1
  • R and R together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring; and wherein R 9 and R 10 are as defined above; and
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C r C 10 )alkyl; (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl; (C 2 -C, 0 )alkenyl; (C 2 -
  • R 5 and R 6 (C,-C ⁇ 0 )alkyl; (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl; (C 2 -
  • C 10 )alkenyl; (C 2 -C I0 )alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; and quaternary heterocyclyl radicals optionally may be substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; -CN; -NO2; oxo; (C,-C 10 )alkyl; polyalkyl; halo(C,-C 10 )alkyl; (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl; (C 2 - C 10 )alkenyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; aryl(C,-C 10 )alkyl; heterocyclyl(C r C 10 )alkyl; polyether; -OR 13 ; -NR 13 R 14 ; -SR 13 ; -S(O)R 13 ; -SO2R 13 ; -SO3R
  • 7 + 7 8 may have one or more carbons replaced by -O-; -NR -; -N R R A " -; -S-; -
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C r C 10 )alkyl; and wherein R , R , and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C,-C 10 )alkyl; halo(C,-C 10 )alkyl; (C 3 -
  • C 10 cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; aryl(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; heterocyclyl(C r
  • C 10 alkyl
  • quaternary heterocyclyl(C r C 10 )alkyl quaternary heterocyclyl(C r C 10 )alkyl; (C 1 -C 10 )alkylaryl(C 1 - C 10 )alkyl; (C 1 -C 10 )alkylheterocyclyl(C I -C I0 )alkyl; (C r
  • C 10 alkylaminocarbonyl(C r C I0 )alkyl
  • polyether radicals optionally may have one or more carbons replaced by -O-; -NR 9 -; -N R R A'-; -S-; -SO-; -SO 2 -; -S + R 9 A -; -PR 9 -; -P + R 9 R 10 A " -; -P(O)R 9 -; phenylene; carbohydrate residue; amino acid residue; peptide residue; or polypeptide residue; and
  • R and R are independently selected from the group
  • R 9 consisting of R and M; and wherein M is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and wherein R 9 , R 10 , R u , R 12 , R w , and A " are as defined above; and
  • R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C r C 10 )alkyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl; (C 2 -C, 0 )alkynyl; and aryl(C,-C 10 )alkyl; and one or more R x radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; -CN; -NO2; (C r C 10 )alkyl; (C 3 - C 10 )cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; halo(C r C 10 )alkyl; (C 2 -C 10 )alkenyl; (C 2 - C 10 )alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; aryl(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; polyether; acyloxy; -OR 13 ; -NR 13 R 14 ; -SR 13 ; -S(O)R 13 ; -S
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of (C,-C 10 )alkyl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; aryl(C r C 10 )alkyl; acyl; and aryl(C r
  • R 18 (C r C 10 )alkyl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; aryl(C r C 10 )alkyl; acyl; and aryl(C r C 10 )alkoxycarbonyl radicals optionally may be substituted with one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen; -CN ; oxo; -OR 9 ; -NR 9 R 10 ; -N ⁇ R 1 ⁇ A " ; -SR 9 ;
  • a class of compounds of particular interest comprises those compounds of Formula I wherein: q is an integer from 1 to 4;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, phenoxymethylene, phenoxyethylene, phenoxypropylene, pyridinyloxymethylene, pyridinyloxyethylene; methylpyridinyloxymethylene, methylpyridinyloxyethylene, pyrimidinyloxymethylene, and pyrimidinyloxyethylene; or
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl;
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino and diethylamino; and
  • R and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, chlorophenyl, fluorophenyl, bromophenyl, iodophenyl, hydroxyphenyl, methoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, methoxy(chlorophenyl), methoxy(fluorophenyl), methoxy(bromophenyl), methoxy(iodophenyl), ethoxy(chlorophenyl), ethoxy(fluorophenyl), ethoxy(bromophenyl), ethoxy(iodophenyl), nitrophenyl, aminophenyl, methylaminophenyl, dimethylaminophenyl, ethylaminophenyl, diethylaminophenyl, trimethylammoniumphenyl, triethylammoniumphenyl, trimethylammoniummethylcarbonylaminophenyl, triethy
  • R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and benzyl; and one or more R x radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, methylthio, methylsulfmyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylthio, ethylsulfmyl, ethylsulfonyl, amino, hydroxyamino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, trimethylamrnonium, triethylammonium, N-methyl-
  • a class of compounds of specific interest comprises those compounds of Formula I wherein: q is an integer from 1 to 4;
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C r C 10 )alkyl; or
  • R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form (C 3 -C 10 )cycloalkyl
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxy
  • R is phenyl, wherein said phenyl is optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from the group consisting of halogen; hydroxy; -N ⁇ 2; (C,-C 10 )alkyl; halo(C,-C, 0 )alkyl; aryl(C,-C I0 )alkyl; heterocyclyl(C,-C 10 )alkyl; polyether; -OR 13 ; -NR 13 R 14 ; and -NR 13 C(O)R 14 ; and wherein R , R , and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C r C 10 )alkyl; halo(C,-C 10 )alkyl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; aryl(C r C 10 )alkyl; heterocyclyl(C r C 10 )alkyl; quaternary heterocyclyl(C ,-Cj 0 )alkyl
  • R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C r C ⁇ 0 )alkyl; heterocyclyl; ammonium(C r
  • C 10 alkyl; (C 1 -C ⁇ o)alkylammonium(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; aryl(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; heterocyclyl(C r C 10 )alkyl; carboxy(C r C 10 )alkyl; carbo(C ] -C 10 )alkoxy(C 1 -
  • R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; (C r C 10 )alkyl; heterocyclyl; aryl(C,-C 10 )alkyl; carboxy(C r C 10 )alkyl; and carbo(C 1 -C ⁇ 0 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; or
  • R 11 and R 12 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring; and wherein R and R 16 are as previously set forth above for the compounds of Formula I;
  • R 6 is hydrogen; and R R iiss sseelleecctteedd frfroorm the group consisting of hydrogen; (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl; and aryl(C r C 10 )alkyl; and one or more R x radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; -NO2; (C C ⁇ 0 )alkyl; halo(C,-C 10 )alkyl; -OR 13 ; - NR 13 R 14 ; wherein R 13 and R 14 are as defined above; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof; and provided that aryl is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, biphenyl and naphthyl; and provided that heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted heterocyclyl comprising a 5 to 10 membered ring and comprising one or more ring atoms that are heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen
  • a class of compounds of high interest comprises those compounds of Formula I wherein: q is an integer from 1 to 4; R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl and n-butyl; or
  • R and R taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form cyclopentyl; and one of R and R is hydrogen and the other of R and R is hydroxy;
  • R is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, methoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, nitrophenyl, aminophenyl, methylaminophenyl, dimethylaminophenyl, ethylaminophenyl, diethylaminophenyl, trimethylammoniumphenyl, triethylammoniumphenyl, trimethylammoniummethylcarbonylaminophenyl, triethylammoniummethylcarbonylaminophenyl, trimethylammoniumethylcarbonylaminophenyl, triethylammoniumethylcarbonylaminophenyl, trimethylammoniumpropylcarbonylaminophenyl, triethylammoniumpropylcarbonylaminophenyl, trimethylammoniumbutylcarbonylaminophenyl, triethylammoniumbutylcarbonylaminophenyl, methylcarbonylaminophen
  • R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and benzyl; and one or more R x radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, hydroxyamino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, N-methyl-N-carboxymethyl- amino, N,N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethyl-ammonium, methylcarbonylamino, chloromethylcarbonylamino, fluoromethylcarbonylamino, bromomethylcarbonylamino, iodomethylcarbonylamino, ethylcarbonylamino, benzyloxycarbonylamino, and aminoimidocarbonylamino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.
  • a subclass of compounds of high interest comprises those compounds of Formula I wherein: wherein: q is 1 or 2;
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently alkyl
  • R is hydroxy; R and R are hydrogen;
  • R 5 has the formula (II):
  • t is an integer from 0 to 5; one or more R ⁇ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; -CN; -NO2; oxo; alkyl; polyalkyl; haloalkyl; hydroxyalkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; polyether; -OR ; -NR R ; - SR 13 ; -S(O)R 13 ; -SO2R 13 ; -SO3R 13 ; -NR 13 OR 14 ; -NR 13 NR 14 R 15 ; - CO2R 13 ; -OM; -SO2OM; -SO2NR 13 R 14 ; -C(O)NR 13 R 14 ; -C(O)OM; - COR 13 ; -NR 13 C(O)R 14 ; -C
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl, alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; and heterocyclyl; and wherein R , R , and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; haloalkyl; cycloalkyl; polyalkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; quaternary heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclylalkyl; quaternary heterocyclylalkyl; alkylarylalkyl; alkylheterocyclylalkyl; alkylammoniumalkyl; aminocarbonylalkyl; alkylaminocarbonylalkyl; carboxy
  • R 9 consisting of R and M; and wherein M is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and wherein R 9 , R 10 , R", R 12 , R , and A " are as previously set forth above for the compounds of Formula I; and
  • R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl; and aralkyl; and one or more R radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkylamino and dialkylamino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof.
  • a family of specific compounds of particular interest within Formula I consists ofthe following compounds:
  • the invention further comprises a compound selected from among:
  • R 19 is selected from the group consisting of alkane diyl, alkene diyl, alkyne diyl, polyalkane diyl, alkoxy diyl, polyether diyl, polyalkoxy diyl, carbohydrate residue, amino acid residue, peptide residue, and polypeptide residue; and wherein alkane diyl, alkene diyl, alkyne diyl, polyalkane diyl, alkoxy diyl, polyether diyl, polyalkoxy diyl, carbohydrate residue, amino acid residue, peptide residue, and polypeptide residue optionally may have one or more carbon atoms replaced by -O-, -NR 7 -, -N + R 7 R 8 A ' -, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, -S + R 7 N-, - PR 7 -, -PR 7 R 8 A " -, phenylene, heterocyclyl, quaternary heterocyclyl, or aryl; wherein alkane diyl
  • R 19 can further comprise functional linkages by which R 19 is bonded to R 20 and/or R 21 in the compounds of Formula DI; to R 20 , R 21 and/or R 22 in the compounds of Formula DII; and to R 20 , R 21 , R 22 and or R 23 in the compounds of Formula Dili; and wherein each of R 20 , R 21 , or R 22 and R 23 comprises a benzothiazepine moiety as described above that is therapeutically effective in inhibiting ileal bile acid transport.
  • R 19 substituents include, but are not limited to, the following:
  • R 25 is selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen; and R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , and R 37 are independently selected from the group consisting of: -CH .
  • R 38 , R 39 , R 40 and R 41 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;
  • a " is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; and h, i, j and k are independently selected from the group consisting of integers from 1 to 10 inclusive.
  • the invention is also directed to a compound selected from among Formula DI, Formula DII and Formula Dili in which each of R 20 , R 21 , R 22 and R 23 comprises a benzothiazepine moiety corresponding to the Formula DIV or Formula DIVA:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R N , R ⁇ q, and n are as previously defined above for the compounds of Formula I, and R 55 is either a covalent bond or arylene.
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 in Formulae DI, DII and Dili be bonded at its 7- or 8- position to R 19 .
  • R 55 comprise a phenylene moiety bonded at a m- or j9-carbon thereof to R 19 .
  • Formula DI examples include:
  • R 1A , R 2A , R 3A , R 4A , R NA , R yA , R , r and u have the same definitions as stated above for R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R NA , R y , R x , q and t, respectively.
  • R 1 and R 2 can be, among other combinations, ethyl/butyl or butyl/butyl.
  • Illustrative dimeric compounds include the following:
  • a core moiety backbone, R 19 as discussed herein in Formulae DI, DII and Dili can be multiply substituted with more than four pendant active benzothiazepine units, i.e., R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 as discussed above, through multiple functional groups within the core moiety backbone.
  • the core moiety backbone unit, R 19 can comprise a single core moiety unit, multimers thereof, and multimeric mixtures ofthe different core moiety units discussed herein, i.e., alone or in combination.
  • the number of individual core moiety backbone units can range from about one to about 100, preferably about one to about 80, more preferably about one to about 50, and even more preferably about one to about 25.
  • the number of points of attachment of similar or different pendant active benzothiazepine units within a single core moiety backbone unit can be in the range from about one to about 100, preferably about one to about 80, more preferably about one to about 50, and even more preferably about one to about 25.
  • Such points of attachment can include bonds to C, S, O, N, or P within any ofthe groups encompassed by the definition of R 19 .
  • the more preferred benzothiazepine moieties comprising R 20 , R 21 , R 22 and/or R 23 conform to the preferred structures as outlined above for Formula I.
  • the 3 -position carbon on each benzothiazepine moiety can be achiral, and the substituents R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R x can be selected from the prefened groups and combinations of substituents as discussed above.
  • the core structures can comprise, for example, poly(oxyalkylene) or oligo(oxyalkylene), especially poly- or oligo(oxyethylene) or poly- or oligo(oxypropylene).
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a disease, condition and/or disorder for which a bile acid transport inhibitor is indicated, such as a hyperlipidemic condition, for example, atherosclerosis.
  • a bile acid transport inhibitor such as a hyperlipidemic condition, for example, atherosclerosis.
  • Such compositions comprise any ofthe compounds disclosed above, alone or in combination, in an amount effective to reduce bile acid levels in the blood, or to reduce transport thereof across digestive system membranes, alone or in a composition comprising, for example, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, and/or diluents.
  • the benzothiazepine compounds of the present invention can be used alone or in various combinations.
  • the present invention also provides a method of treating a disease, condition and/or disorder in mammals, including humans, for which a bile acid transport inhibitor is indicated, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a compound ofthe present invention in an effective amount in unit dosage form or in divided doses.
  • the present invention comprises the use ofthe compounds of Formula I and/or the dimeric or multimeric compounds of Formulae DI, DII and/or Dili in the preparation of a medicament useful for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a disease, condition and/or disorder for which a bile acid transport inhibitor is indicated.
  • the compounds of Formula I are also useful for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of gallstones.
  • the present invention also provides processes for the preparation of compounds ofthe present invention.
  • hydrocarbyl refers to radicals consisting exclusively ofthe elements carbon and hydrogen. These radicals include, for example, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties. These radicals also include alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, such as alkaryl, alkenaryl and alkynaryl. Preferably, these moieties comprise 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • substituted hydrocarbyl refers to a hydrocarbyl radical that is substituted with a group comprising at least one atom other than carbon, such as but not limited to, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus.
  • substituted hydrocarbyl include hydrocarbyl radicals substituted with groups such as, but not limited to, lower alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, and butoxy; halogen such as chloro and fluoro; ethers; acetals; ketals; esters; heterocyclyl such as furyl and thienyl; alkanoxy; . hydroxy; protected hydroxy; acyl; acyloxy; nitro; cyano; amino; and amido.
  • Substituted hydrocarbyl also includes hydrocarbyl radicals in which a carbon chain atom is replaced with a heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or a halogen.
  • alkyl is used, either alone or within other terms such as “haloalkyl", and “hydroxyalkyl”, it embraces linear or branched radicals having one to about twenty carbon atoms or, preferably, one to about twelve carbon atoms. More prefened alkyl radicals are "lower alkyl” radicals having one to about six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso- amyl, hexyl and the like. Even more prefened are lower alkyl radicals having one to three carbon atoms.
  • alkenyl is used, either alone or within other terms such as “arylalkenyl”, it embraces linear or branched radicals having at least one carbon-carbon double bond of two to about twenty carbon atoms or, preferably, two to about twelve carbon atoms. More prefened alkenyl radicals are "lower alkenyl” radicals having two to about six carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, propenyl, butenyl and 4- methylbutenyl.
  • alkenyl and lower alkenyl embrace radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, "E” and "Z” orientations.
  • alkynyl denotes linear or branched radicals having two to about twenty carbon atoms or, preferably, two to about twelve carbon atoms. More prefened alkynyl radicals are "lower alkynyl” radicals having two to about ten carbon atoms. Most prefened are lower alkynyl radicals having two to about six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include propargyl, butynyl, and the like.
  • cycloalkyl embraces saturated carbocyclic radicals having three to about twelve carbon atoms. More prefened cycloalkyl radicals are
  • lower cycloalkyl radicals having three to about ten carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • cycloalkyl additionally encompasses spiro systems wherein the cycloalkyl ring has a carbon ring atom in common with the seven-membered heterocyclic ring ofthe benzothiazepine.
  • cycloalkenyl embraces partially unsaturated carbocyclic radicals having three to twelve carbon atoms. Cycloalkenyl radicals that are partially unsaturated carbocyclic radicals that contain two double bonds (that may or may not be conjugated) can be called “cycloalkyldienyl". More prefened cycloalkenyl radicals are "lower cycloalkenyl” radicals having four to about ten carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.
  • halo and halogen means halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms.
  • haloalkyl embraces radicals wherein any one or more ofthe alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl radicals.
  • a monohaloalkyl radical for one example, may have either an iodo, bromo, chloro or fluoro atom within the radical.
  • Dihalo and polyhaloalkyl radicals may have two or more ofthe same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals.
  • “Lower haloalkyl” embraces radicals having one to six carbon atoms.
  • haloalkyl radicals include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl.
  • "Perfluoroalkyl” means alkyl radicals having all hydrogen atoms replaced with fluoro atoms. Examples include trifluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl.
  • hydroxyalkyl embraces linear or branched alkyl radicals having one to about ten carbon atoms any one of which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals. More prefened hydroxyalkyl radicals are "lower hydroxyalkyl” radicals having one to six carbon atoms and one or more hydroxyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl and hydroxyhexyl. Even more prefened are lower hydroxyalkyl radicals having one to three carbon atoms.
  • aryl alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic system containing one or more rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendent manner or may be fused.
  • aryl embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indane, biphenyl, and anthracenyl. More prefened aryl is phenyl.
  • Said "aryl” group may have one to three substituents such as lower alkyl, hydroxy, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, alkoxy and lower alkylamino.
  • heterocyclyl embraces saturated, partially saturated and unsaturated heteroatom-containing ring-shaped radicals, where the heteroatoms may be selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
  • Prefened heterocyclyl are 3-10 membered ring heterocyclyl, particularly 5-8 membered ring heterocyclyl.
  • saturated heterocyclic radicals include saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocychc groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms [e.g. pynolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidino, piperazinyl]; saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocychc groups containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g.
  • heterocyclyl saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocychc groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., thiazolidinyl].
  • partially saturated heterocyclyl radicals include dihydrothiophene, dihydropyran, dihydrofuran and dihydrothiazole.
  • unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include unsaturated 5 to 6 membered heteromonocyclyl groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pynolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl [e.g., 4H-l,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3- triazolyl, 2H- 1,2,3 -triazolyl]; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridaziny
  • the term also embraces radicals where heterocyclic radicals are fused with aryl radicals.
  • fused bicyclic radicals examples include benzofuran, benzothiophene, and the like.
  • Said "heterocyclyl” group may have 1 to 3 substituents such as lower alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, amino and lower alkylamino.
  • Heterocyclic radicals can include fused or unfused radicals, particularly 3-10 membered fused or unfused radicals.
  • Prefened examples of heteroaryl radicals include benzofuryl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl, benzothienyl, indolyl, dihydroindolyl, chromanyl, benzopyran, thiochromanyl, benzothiopyran, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxanyl, pyridyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, furyl, and pyrazinyl.
  • More prefened heteroaryl radicals are 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, containing one or two heteroatoms selected from sulfur nitrogen and oxygen, selected from thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, piperidinyl and pyrazinyl.
  • heteroaryl means a fully unsaturated heterocyclyl
  • heterocyclyl or "heteroaryl”
  • the point of attachment to the molecule of interest can be at the heteroatom or elsewhere within the ring.
  • trimazolyl includes all positional isomers. In all other heterocyclyl and heteroaryl which contain more than one ring heteroatom and for which isomers are possible, such isomers are included in the definition of said heterocyclyl and heteroaryl.
  • quaternary heterocyclyl means a heterocyclyl in which one or more ofthe heteroatoms, for example, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or oxygen, has such a number of bonds that it is positively charged (and therefore the term is intended to encompass both ternary and quaternary positively charged structures).
  • the point of attachment ofthe quaternary heterocyclyl to the molecule of interest can be at a heteroatom or elsewhere.
  • quaternary heteroaryl means a heteroaryl in which one or more ofthe heteroatoms, for example, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or oxygen, has such a number of bonds that it is positively charged (and therefore the term is intended to encompass both ternary and quaternary positively charged structures).
  • the point of attachment ofthe quaternary heteroaryl to the molecule of interest can be at a heteroatom or elsewhere.
  • diyl means a diradical moiety wherein said moiety has two points of attachment to molecules of interest.
  • oxo means a doubly bonded oxygen.
  • polyalkyl means a branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having a molecular weight up to about 20,000, more preferably up to about 10,000, and most preferably up to about 5,000.
  • polyether means a polyalkyl wherein one or more carbons are replaced by oxygen, wherein the polyether has a molecular weight up to about 20,000, more preferably up to about 10,000, and most preferably up to about 5,000.
  • polyalkoxy means a polymer of alkylene oxides, wherein the polyalkoxy has a molecular weight up to about 20,000, more preferably up to about 10,000, and most preferably up to about 5,000.
  • carbohydrate residue encompasses residues derived from carbohydrates such as, but is not limited to, mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and polysaccharides wherein the polysaccharides can have a molecular weight of up to about 20,000, for example, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose or chitosan residue; compounds derived from aldoses and ketoses with 3 to 7 carbon atoms and which belong to the D- or L-series; aminosugars; sugar alcohols; and saccharic acids.
  • Nonlimiting specific examples of such carbohydrates include glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, ribose, erythrose, glycerinaldehyde, sedoheptulose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucoronic acid, galacturonic acid, gluconic acid, galactonic acid, mannoic acid, glucamine, 3-amino-l,2- propanediol, glucaric acid and galactaric acid.
  • peptide residue means polyamino acid residue containing up to about 100 amino acid units.
  • polypeptide residue means a polyamino acid residue containing from about 100 amino acid units to about 1000 amino acid units, more preferably from about 100 amino acid units to about 750 amino acid untis, and most preferably from about 100 amino acid units to about 500 amino acid units.
  • alkylammoniumalkyl means an an -NH 2 group or a mono-, di- or tri-substituted amino group, any of which is bonded to an alkyl wherein said alkyl is bonded to the molecule of interest.
  • sulfo means a sulfo group, -SO 3 H, and its salts.
  • sulfoalkyl means an alkyl group to which a sulfonate group is bonded, wherein said alkyl is bonded to the molecule of interest.
  • aralkyl embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals.
  • Preferable aralkyl radicals are "lower aralkyl” radicals having aryl radicals attached to alkyl radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Even more prefened are lower aralkyl radicals having phenyl attached to alkyl portions having one to three carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include benzyl, diphenylmethyl and phenylethyl.
  • the aryl in said aralkyl may be additionally substituted with halo, alkyl, alkoxy, halkoalkyl and haloalkoxy.
  • arylalkenyl embraces aryl-substituted alkenyl radicals.
  • Preferable arylalkenyl radicals are "lower arylalkenyl” radicals having aryl radicals attached to alkenyl radicals having
  • heterocyclylalkyl means an alkyl radical that is substituted with one or more heterocyclyl groups.
  • Preferable heterocyclylalkyl radicals are "lower heterocyclylalkyl” radicals having one or more heterocyclyl groups attached to an alkyl radical having one to ten carbon atoms.
  • heteroarylalkyl means an alkyl radical that is substituted with one or more heteroaryl groups.
  • Preferable heteroarylalkyl radicals are "lower heteroarylalkyl” radicals having one or more heteroaryl groups attached to an alkyl radical having one to ten carbon atoms.
  • quaternary heterocyclylalkyl means an alkyl radical that is substituted with one or more quaternary heterocyclyl groups.
  • Preferable quaternary heterocyclylalkyl radicals are "lower quaternary heterocyclylalkyl” radicals having one or more quaternary heterocyclyl groups attached to an alkyl radical having one to ten carbon atoms.
  • quaternary heteroarylalkyl means an alkyl radical that is substituted with one or more quaternary heteroaryl groups.
  • Preferable quaternary heteroarylalkyl radicals are "lower quaternary heteroarylalkyl” radicals having one or more quaternary heteroaryl groups attached to an alkyl radical having one to ten carbon atoms.
  • alkylheteroarylalkyl means a heteroarylalkyl radical that is substituted with one or more alkyl groups.
  • Preferable alkylheteroarylalkyl radicals are "lower alkylheteroarylalkyl” radicals with alkyl portions having one to ten carbon atoms.
  • alkoxy means an alkyl radical which is attached to the molecule of interest by oxygen, such as a methoxy radical. More prefened alkoxy radicals are "lower alkoxy" radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, iso-propoxy, butoxy and tert-butoxy.
  • carboxy means the carboxy group, -CO 2 H, or its salts.
  • carboxyalkyl means an alkyl radical that is substituted with one or more carboxy groups.
  • Preferable carboxyalkyl radicals are "lower carboxyalkyl” radicals having one or more carboxy groups attached to an alkyl radical having one to six carbon atoms.
  • carboxyheterocyclyl means a heterocyclyl radical that is substituted with one or more carboxy groups.
  • carboxyheteroaryl means a heteroaryl radical that is substituted with one or more carboxy groups.
  • carboalkoxyalkyl means an alkyl radical that is substituted with one or more alkoxycarbonyl groups.
  • Preferable carboalkoxyalkyl radicals are "lower carboalkoxyalkyl” radicals having one or more alkoxycarbonyl groups attached to an alkyl radical having one to six carbon atoms.
  • Carboxyalkylamino means an amino radical that is mono- or di-substituted When used in combination, for example “alkylaryl” or “arylalkyl,” the individual terms listed above have the meaning indicated above.
  • acyl means an organic acid group in which the hydroxy of the carboxy group has been removed. Examples of acyl groups include, but are not limited to, acetyl and benzoyl.
  • active compound means a compound ofthe present invention that inhibits transport of bile acids.
  • a bile acid transport inhibitor means a compound capable of inhibiting abso ⁇ tion of bile acids from the intestine into the circulatory system of a mammal, such as a human. This includes increasing the fecal excretion of bile acids, as well as reducing the blood plasma or serum concentrations of cholesterol and cholesterol ester, and more specifically, reducing LDL and VLDL cholesterol.
  • Conditions and/or diseases that benefit from the prophylaxis and/or treatment by bile acid transport inhibition include, for example, a hyperlipidemic condition such as atherosclerosis.
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • PTC phase transfer catalyst
  • Aliquart 336 means methyltricaprylylammonium chloride
  • MCPBA means m-chloroperbenzoic acid
  • Celite refers to a brand of diatomaceous earth filtering aid
  • DMF means dimethylformamide
  • DME ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
  • BOC means t-butoxycarbonyl
  • Me means methyl
  • Et means ethyl
  • EtOAc means ethyl acetate
  • Et 2 O means diethyl ether
  • LAH lithium aluminum hydride
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • KOSiMe 3 means potassium trimethylsilanolate
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • MS mass spectrometry
  • HRMS high resolution mass spectrometry
  • ES electrospray
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
  • GC gas chromatography
  • MPLC medium pressure liquid chromatography
  • HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
  • RPHPLC reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography
  • RT room temperature
  • the compounds ofthe present invention can have at least two asymmetrical carbon atoms, and therefore include racemates and stereoisomers, such as diastereomers and enantiomers, in both pure form and in admixture.
  • stereoisomers can be prepared and separated using conventional techniques, either by reacting enantiomeric starting materials, or by separating isomers of compounds ofthe present invention.
  • Isomers may include geometric isomers, for example cis isomers or trans isomers across a double bond. All such isomers are contemplated among the compounds ofthe present invention.
  • the compounds ofthe present invention also include tautomers, salts, solvates and prodrugs of such compounds.
  • the starting materials for use in the preparation ofthe compounds of the invention are commercially available or can be prepared by conventional methods known to a skilled person or in an analogous manner to processes described in the art.
  • the compounds ofthe present invention can be prepared by the procedures described below.
  • Scheme 1 illustrates the preparation of racemic benzothiazepines 9a and 9b.
  • Reaction of benzenesulfonyl chloride 1 with aminoalcohol 2 in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran yields benzenesulfonamide 3 which can be converted to protected benzenesulfonamide 4.
  • Protected benzenesulfonamide 4 optionally can be treated with an alkyl halide, such as methyl iodide, in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, in a solvent, such as dimethylformamide, to yield N- substituted benzenesulfonamide 5.
  • Protected benzenesulfonamide 4 or N- substituted benzenesulfonamide 5 is then successively reacted with (i) a strong base (such as n-butyllithium in hexanes) in a solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran), (ii) an electrophile (such as trimethyl borate), and (iii) a base (such as sodium carbonate), a benzyl halide (such as p-methoxybenzyl chloride), and a catalyst (such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)) to yield sulfonamide 6.
  • a strong base such as n-butyllithium in hexanes
  • a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
  • an electrophile such as trimethyl borate
  • a base such as sodium carbonate
  • a benzyl halide such as p-methoxybenzyl chloride
  • sulfonamide 6 Treatment of sulfonamide 6 with a fluoride source, such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, provides the deprotected sulfonamide alcohol 7.
  • Sulfonamide alcohol 7 is successively oxidized using a method such as Swem Oxidation to yield sulfonamide aldehyde 8.
  • aldehyde 8 is converted to racemic benzothiazepines 9a and 9b.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R N , R x and q are as previously defined above for compounds of Formula I.
  • Scheme 2 illustrates an alternative synthetic scheme for the preparation of sulfonamide alcohol 3 used in Scheme 1.
  • Substituent L of benzenesulfonyl chloride 10 is a suitable leaving group such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro, tosyloxy or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R x and q are as previously defined above for compounds of Formula I.
  • Substituent M is a metal, preferably an alkali metal, or a hydrogen.
  • Scheme 3 illustrates the preparation of benzothiazepines having 4- position substituents other than hydroxy.
  • benzothiazepine 9a or 9b is first oxidized to benzothiazepine-4-one 13.
  • Conventional oxidizing agents such as PCC, or Swem conditions can be used.
  • Benzothiazepine-4-one 13 is then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent to produce 4-thioxo-benzothiazepine 14.
  • 4-Thioxo- benzothiazepine 14 can be reacted with a suitable reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to yield 4-mercapto-benzothiazepine 15.
  • 4-Mercapto-benzothiazepine 15 can be reacted with a suitable alkylating agent, such as an alkyl halide, in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydride, in a suitable solvent, such as dimethylformamide, to yield 4-alkylthio-benzothiazepine 16.
  • 4-Alkylthio- benzothiazepine 16 can be reacted with a suitable oxidizing agent, such as t- butyl hydroperoxide or m-chloroperbenzoic acid, to yield, successively, 4- alkylsulfinyl-benzothiepine 17 and 4-alkylsulfonyl-benzothiazepine 18.
  • a suitable oxidizing agent such as t- butyl hydroperoxide or m-chloroperbenzoic acid
  • 4-amino- or imino-benzothiazepines can be prepared by reacting benzothiazepine-4-one 13 with ammonia or a primary amine in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to produce 4-imino-benzothiazepine 19.
  • 4-Imino-benzothiazepine 19 can be reacted with a suitable reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to yield 4-amino-benzothiazepine 20.
  • Benzothiazepine-4-one 13 also can undergo reductive alkylation by reaction with ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine in the presence of an reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to produce 4-amino-benzothiazepine 21.
  • an reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride
  • a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
  • Scheme 3 also illustrates the preparation of 4-alkyl-benzothiazepine 23 and 4-alkoxycarbonyl-benzothiazepine 25.
  • the 4-position hydroxy of benzothiazepine 9a or 9b is first converted to a suitable leaving group such as mesyloxy to form protected benzothiazepine 22.
  • Protected benzothiazepine 22 is then reacted with a suitable nucleophile, such as butyl lithium, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to yield 4-alkyl-benzothiazepine 23.
  • protected benzothiazepine 22 can be reacted with a suitable cyanidating agent, such as an potassium cyanide, in a suitable solvent, such as dimethylformarnide, to yield 4-cyano-benzothiazepine 24.
  • a suitable cyanidating agent such as an potassium cyanide
  • a suitable solvent such as dimethylformarnide
  • 4-cyano-benzothiazepine 24 4-Cyano- benzothiazepine 24 is converted to 4-alkoxycarbonyl-benzothiazepine 25 by reaction with a suitable alcohol in the presence of a base, such as potassium hydroxide.
  • Scheme 4 illustrates the preparation of benzothiazepine-4-ene 36 and benzothiazepine-4-one 33.
  • Reaction of phenol 26 with a thiocarbamyl chloride, such as dimethylthiocarbamyl chloride, in a solvent, such as methanol-.tetrahydrofuran yields 0-thiocarbamate 27.
  • Heating of O- thiocarbamate 27 in a solvent, such as tetradecane yields S-thiocarbamate 28.
  • Hydrolysis of S-thiocarbamate 28 in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydroxide, in a solvent, such as methanohtetrahydrofuran yields thiophenol 29.
  • Thiophenol 29 can be treated with a sulfonylating agent, such as sulfonyl chloride, in the presence of a oxidant such as potassium nitrate, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to yield sulfonyl chloride 30.
  • a sulfonylating agent such as sulfonyl chloride
  • a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
  • Sulfonyl chloride 30 is then reacted with an aminoalcohol in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to yield benzenesulfonamide 31.
  • Benzenesulfonamide 31 optionally can be hydroxyl protected with a silylating group agent, such as tert- butyldimethylsilyl chloride, in the presence of a base, such as imidazole, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to yield protected benzenesulfonamide 32.
  • a silylating group agent such as tert- butyldimethylsilyl chloride
  • a base such as imidazole
  • a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
  • N-substituted benzene sulfonamide 33 Deprotection ofthe protected N-substituted benzene sulfonamide 33 with a fluoride source, such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, yields N-substitued benzenesulfonamide 34.
  • Benzenesulfonamide 31 or N-substituted benzenesulfonamide 34 is then oxidized with a suitable oxidizing agent or under Swem conditions to form aldehyde 35.
  • aldehyde 35 Upon treatment with zinc and titanium trichloride aldehyde 35 is converted to a mixture of benzothiazepine-4-ene 36 and benzothiazepine-4-one 37.
  • Another class of compounds of specific interest comprises those compounds of Formula I wherein R 1 and R 2 are selected from among substituted and unsubstituted C,. 10 alkyl wherein substituted C,., 0 alkyl comprises one or more radicals independently selected from among, for example, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, and nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl joined to the C ]0 alkyl through an ether linkage.
  • Ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl are prefened.
  • substituents R 1 and R 2 are identical, for example n-butyl/n-butyl, so that the compound is achiral at the 3-position carbon. Eliminating optical isomerism at the 3-position carbon simplifies the selection, synthesis, separation, and quality control ofthe compound used as an ileal bile acid transport inhibitor.
  • substituents R on the benzo ring can include, for example, hydrogen, aryl, alkyl, hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, (N)- hydroxy-carbonylalkylamino, haloalkylthio, haloalkylsulfmyl, haloalkylsufonyl, amino, N-alkylamino, N,N-dialkylamino, (N)- alkoxycarbamoyl, (N)-aryloxycarbamoyl, (N)-aralkyloxycarbamoyl, trialkylammonium (especially with a halide counterion), (N)-amido, (N)- alkylamido
  • the benzo ring can be mono-substituted at the 6, 7 or 8 position, or disubstituted at the 7- and -8 positions. Also included are the 6,7,8-trialkoxy compounds, for example the 6,7,8-trimethoxy compounds.
  • substituents can be advantageously present on the 6, 7, 8, and/or 9- positions of the benzo ring including, for example, guanidinyl, cycloalkyl, carbohydrate residue (e.g., a 5 or 6 carbon monosaccharide residue), peptide residue, and quaternary ammonium salts linked to the ring via poly(oxyalkylene) linkages, e.g., -(OCH 2 CH 2 ) x -N+R 13 R 14 R 15 A ⁇ where x is 2 to 10.
  • poly(oxyalkylene) linkages e.g., -(OCH 2 CH 2 ) x -N+R 13 R 14 R 15 A ⁇ where x is 2 to 10.
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from among hydrogen and ring-carbon substituted or unsubstituted aryl, thiopene, pyridine, pynole, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrimidine, mo ⁇ holine, N-alkylpyridinium, N-alkylpiperazinium, N- alkylmo ⁇ holinium, or furan in which the substituent(s) are selected from among, for example, halo, hydroxyl, trihaloalkyl, alkoxy, amino, N- alkylamino, N,N-dialkylamino, quaternary ammonium salts, a to C alkylene bridge having a quaternary ammonium salt substituted thereon, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and arylcarbonyloxy, (O,O)-dioxyalkylene, -[O(CH 2 )
  • the species that may constitute the substituents on the aryl ring of R 5 or R 6 are fluoro, chloro, bromo, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, trimethylammonium (preferably with an iodide or chloride counterion), methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, (N)- hexyldimethylammonium, hexylenetrimethylammonium, tri(oxyethylene)iodide, and tetra(oxyethylene)trimethyl-ammonium iodide, each substituted at the p-position, the m-position, or both ofthe aryl ring.
  • R 5 or R 6 is selected from phenyl, p-fluorophenyl, m- fluorophenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, m-hydroxyphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl, m- methoxyphenyl, p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl, m-N, N-dimethylaminophenyl, I- p-(CH 3 ) 3 -N + -phenyl, I " m-(CH 3 ) 3 -N + -phenyl, T m-(CH 3 ) 3 -N + -CH 2 CH 2 -
  • Prefened compounds include 3-ethyl-3-butyl and 3-butyl-3-butyl compounds having each ofthe above prefened R 5 substituents in combination with the R x substituents shown in Tables 1 , 2 and 3 below. It is particularly prefened that one, but not both, of R 5 and R 6 is hydrogen.
  • R 4 and R 6 be hydrogen, that R 3 and R 5 not be hydrogen, and that R 3 and R 5 be oriented in the same direction relative to the plane ofthe molecule, i.e., both in a- or both in ⁇ -configuration. It is further prefened that, where R 2 is butyl and R 1 is ethyl, then R 1 has the same orientation relative to the plane ofthe molecule as R 3 and R 5 .
  • a class of compounds of particular interest comprises those 1,2- benzothiazepines wherein the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 radicals are as set forth in Table 1 below; the R 6 radical is hydrogen; the R N radical is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl and benzyl; and the R x radical or radicals are independently selected from the group of R radicals disclosed in Table 1 below.
  • the first part of Table 1 identifies the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 radicals for each compound and the second part of Table 1 identifies the R x radical or radicals for those compounds.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R N and R x radicals are selected from among the radicals disclosed in Table 2 below.
  • R 6 is hydrogen and R 5 is other than hydrogen; and/or R 3 is hydroxy and R 4 is hydrogen; and/or R 1 and R 2 are alkyl. More preferably, R 1 and R 2 are the same.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 radicals are as set forth in Table 3 below;
  • R 6 is hydrogen;
  • the R N radical is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and benzyl;
  • the R x radical or radicals are independently selected from the group of R x radicals disclosed in Table 2 above.
  • q is 1 and R x is 7-dimethylamino. ⁇ / ⁇
  • R 1 and R 2 are alkyl, preferably n-butyl; R 3 is hydroxy; R 4 and R 6 are hydrogen; R N is hydrogen; R x radicals are selected from the group consisting of amino, dimethylamino and methoxy; and R 5 is phenyl substituted at the para or meta position with one ofthe following groups:
  • M is selected from the group consisting of Co 11 , Co 111 , Mn 11 , Mn 111 , Fe 11 , Fe 111 , Ni ⁇ , Ni 111 , Cr 111 , Cu ⁇ , Zn 11 , Cd 11 , Ga ⁇ , In 111 , V IV , Ru 11 , Pt IV , Rh m and Ir 1 ".
  • the ileal bile acid transport inhibitor compounds ofthe present invention can be administered for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of hyperlipidemic diseases, conditions and/or disorders by any means, preferably oral, that contacts these compounds with their site of action in the body, for example in the ileum of a mammal such as a human.
  • the compounds ofthe present invention can be used as the compound er se.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are particularly suitable for medical applications because of their greater aqueous solubility relative to the parent compound.
  • Such salts comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable anion or cation.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts ofthe compounds ofthe present invention where appropriate include those salts derived from inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric, sulfonic, and sulfuric acids, and organic acids such as acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glycolic, isothionic, lactic, lactobionic, maleic, malic, methanesulfonic, succinic, toluenesulfonic, tartaric, and trifluoroacetic acids.
  • the chloride salt is particularly preferred for medical purposes.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable base salts where appropriate include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium salts, and alkaline earth salts such as magnesium and calcium salts.
  • the anions ofthe definition of A " in the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable anions such as those anions selected, for example, from the above list.
  • the compounds ofthe present invention also can be administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising additional ingredients such as acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients, adjuvants and the like (collectively referred to herein as "carrier materials").
  • Acceptable carrier materials are compatible with the other ingredients ofthe composition and are not deleterious to the recipient.
  • a carrier material can be a solid or a liquid, or both, and is preferably formulated with the compound as a unit-dose composition, for example, a tablet or capsule, which can contain from 0.05% to 95% by weight ofthe active compound.
  • Other pharmacologically active substances can also be present, including other compounds ofthe present invention.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions ofthe invention can be prepared by any ofthe well known techniques of pharmacy, consisting essentially of admixing the components.
  • These compounds can be administered by any conventional means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as an individual therapeutic compound in a monotherapeutic regimen or as a combination of therapeutic compounds in a combination therapy regimen.
  • the amount of compound that is required to achieve the desired biological effect will depend on a number of factors such as the specific compound chosen, the use for which it is intended, the mode of administration, and the clinical condition ofthe recipient.
  • a daily dose can be in the range of from about 0.3 to about 100 mg/kg bodyweight/day, preferably from about 1 mg to about 50 mg/kg bodyweight/day, and more preferably from about 3 to about 10 mg/kg bodyweight/day.
  • This total daily dose can be administered to the patient in a single dose, or in proportionate multiple subdoses.
  • Subdoses can be administered 2 to 6 times per day.
  • Doses can be in sustained release form effective to obtain desired results.
  • Orally administrable unit dose formulations such as tablets or capsules, can contain, for example, from about 0.1 to about 100 mg of benzothiazepine compound, preferably about 1 to about 75 mg of compound, more preferably from about 10 to about 50 mg of compound.
  • the weights indicated above refer to the weight ofthe benzothiazepine ion derived from the salt.
  • Oral delivery of an ileal bile acid transport inhibitor ofthe present invention can include formulations, as are well known in the art, to provide prolonged or sustained delivery ofthe drug to the gastrointestinal tract by any number of mechanisms. These include, but are not limited to, pH sensitive release from the dosage form based on the changing pH ofthe small intestine, slow erosion of a tablet or capsule, retention in the stomach based on the physical properties ofthe formulation, bioadhesion ofthe dosage form to the mucosal lining ofthe intestinal tract, or enzymatic release ofthe active drug from the dosage form. The intended effect is to extend the time period over which the active drug molecule is delivered to the site of action (the ileum) by manipulation ofthe dosage form.
  • enteric-coated and enteric-coated controlled release formulations are within the scope ofthe present invention.
  • Suitable enteric coatings include cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinylacetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate and anionic polymers of methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid methyl ester.
  • the dose can, for example, be in the range of from about 0.1 mg/kg body weight to about 1.0 mg/kg body weight, preferably from about 0.25 mg/kg body weight to about 0.75 mg/kg body weight, and more preferably from about 0.4 mg/kg body weight to about 0.6 mg/kg body weight.
  • This dose can be conveniently administered as an infusion of from about 10 ng/kg body weight to about 100 ng/kg body weight per minute.
  • Infusion fluids suitable for this purpose can contain, for example, from about 0.1 ng to about 10 mg, and preferably from about 1 ng to about 10 mg per milliliter.
  • Unit doses can contain, for example, from about 1 mg to about 10 g ofthe compound ofthe present invention.
  • ampoules for injection can contain, for example, from about 1 mg to about 100 mg.
  • compositions according to the present invention include those suitable for oral, rectal, topical, buccal (e.g., sublingual), and parenteral (e.g., subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, or intravenous) administration, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the nature and severity ofthe condition being treated and on the nature of the particular compound which is being used. In most cases, the preferred route of administration is oral.
  • compositions suitable for oral administration can be presented in discrete units, such as capsules, cachets, lozenges, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of at least one compound ofthe present invention; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion.
  • such compositions can be prepared by any suitable method of pharmacy which includes the step of bringing into association the active compound(s) and the carrier material (which can constitute one or more accessory ingredients).
  • compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active compound with a liquid or finely divided solid carrier material, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.
  • a tablet can be prepared by compressing or molding a powder or granules ofthe compound, optionally with one or more assessory ingredients.
  • Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing, in a suitable machine, the compound in a free-flowing form, such as a powder or granules optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent and/or surface active/dispersing agent(s). Molded tablets can be made by molding, in a suitable machine, the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • compositions suitable for buccal (sub-lingual) administration include lozenges comprising a compound ofthe present invention in a flavored base, usually sucrose, and acacia or tragacanth, and pastilles comprising the compound in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral administration conveniently comprise sterile aqueous preparations of a compound ofthe present invention. These preparations are preferably administered intravenously, although administration can also be effected by means of subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intradermal injection. Such preparations can conveniently be prepared by admixing the compound with water and rendering the resulting solution sterile and isotonic with the blood. Injectable compositions according to the invention will generally contain from 0.1 to 5% w/w of a compound disclosed herein.
  • compositions suitable for rectal administration are preferably presented as unit-dose suppositories. These can be prepared by admixing a compound ofthe present invention with one or more conventional solid carrier materials, for example, cocoa butter, and then shaping the resulting mixture.
  • compositions suitable for topical application to the skin preferably take the form of an ointment, cream, lotion, paste, gel, spray, aerosol, or oil.
  • Carrier materials that can be used include vaseline, lanoline, polyethylene glycols, alcohols, and combinations of two or more thereof.
  • the active compound is generally present at a concentration of from 0.1 to 15% w/w ofthe composition, for example, from 0.5 to 2%.
  • compositions suitable for transdermal administration can be presented as discrete patches adapted to remain in intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a prolonged period of time.
  • patches suitably contain a compound ofthe present invention in an optionally buffered, aqueous solution, dissolved and/or dispersed in an adhesive, or dispersed in a polymer.
  • a suitable concentration ofthe active compound is about 1% to 35%, preferably about 3% to 15%.
  • the compound can be delivered from the patch by electrotransport or iontophoresis, for example, as described in Pharmaceutical Research. 3(6), 318 (1986).
  • the amount of active ingredient that can be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form to be administered will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
  • the solid dosage forms for oral administration including capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules noted above comprise one or more compounds ofthe present invention admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch.
  • Such dosage forms may also comprise, as in normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate.
  • the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared with enteric coatings.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water.
  • Such compositions may also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, and sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or setting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
  • compositions encompass all the foregoing and the like.
  • the dosage regimen to prevent, give relief from, or ameliorate a disease, condition and/or disorder relating to hyperlipemia, e.g., atherosclerosis, or to protect against or treat further high cholesterol plasma or blood levels with the compounds and/or compositions ofthe present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors. These include the type, age, weight, sex, diet, and medical condition ofthe patient, the severity ofthe disease, the route of administration, pharmacological considerations such as the activity, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and toxicology profiles ofthe particular compound employed, whether a drug delivery system is utilized, and whether the compound is administered as part of a drug combination. Thus, the dosage regimen actually employed may vary widely and therefore deviate from the preferred dosage regimen set forth above.
  • Initial treatment of a patient suffering from a hyperlipidemic condition can begin with the dosages indicated above. Treatment should generally be continued as necessary over a period of several weeks to several months or years until the hyperlipidemic disease condition has been controlled or eliminated.
  • Patients undergoing treatment with the compounds or compositions disclosed herein can be routinely monitored by, for example, measuring serum cholesterol levels by any ofthe methods well known in the art, to determine the effectiveness of therapy. Continuous analysis of such data permits modification ofthe treatment regimen during therapy so that optimal effective amounts of compounds ofthe present invention are administered at any point in time, and so that the duration of treatment can be determined as well.
  • the treatment regimen/dosing schedule can be rationally modified over the course of therapy so that the lowest amount of ileal bile acid transport inhibitor ofthe present invention which exhibits satisfactory effectiveness is administered, and so that administration is continued only so long as is necessary to successfully treat the hyperlipidemic condition.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour and warmed to room temperature.
  • the resulting slurry was filtered and washed with 100 mL ethyl acetate.
  • the ethyl acetate solution was washed with water (2x200 mL) and then brine (300 mL).
  • the ethyl acetate layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated.
  • the resulting yellow oil was dissolved in 300 mL of tetrahydrofuran and concentrated to give 20.61 g of 2-amino-2-butylhexanol as an oil.
  • Step 4 N-[ 1 -Butyl- 1 -[[[(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]- 4-(dimethylamino)benzenesulfonamide
  • Step 8 N-[l-Butyl-l-(hydroxymethyl) ⁇ entyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3- nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide
  • Step 9 N-[l -Butyl- l-formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl) methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 10 (4R,5R)-3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl- 5-(3-nitrophenyl)- 1 ,2-benzothiazepin-4-ol 1 , 1 -dioxide
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, water was added, and then the mixture was concentrated to yield a residue.
  • the residue was dissolved in 100 mL ethyl acetate.
  • the semi-solid material was crystallized from ethyl acetate and hexane to give 0.51 g of (4R,5R)-5-(3- aminophenyl)-3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-l,2- benzothiazepin-4-ol 1,1-dioxide as colorless crystals.
  • Step 1 N-[ 1 -Butyl- 1 -[[[(1 -dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide
  • Step 8 of Example 1 above was followed except that N-[l-butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l-butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy] methyl]pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N- methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 3 N-[ 1 -Butyl- 1 -formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide
  • Step 9 of Example 1 above was followed except that N-[ 1 -butyl- 1 -(hydroxymethyl)pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide was used in place of N- [ 1 -butyl- 1 -(hydroxymethyl)pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3- nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 10 of Example 1 The procedure of Step 10 of Example 1 above was followed except that N-[ 1 -butyl- 1 -formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide was used in place of N- [ 1 -butyl- 1 -formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N- methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Example 10 The procedure of Example 10 was followed except that triethylamine was used in place of pyridine and heating was at 90 °C for 6 hours.
  • 'H ⁇ MR is consistent with the desired product.
  • Step 8 of Example 1 The procedure of Step 8 of Example 1 was followed except that N-[l-butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l-butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 above was followed except that (4R,5R)- 3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-l,2- benzothiazepin-4-ol 1,1-dioxide was used in place of (4R,5R)-3,3-dibutyl-7- (dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-methyl-l,2- benzothiazepin-4-ol 1,1-dioxide.
  • ⁇ NMR was consistent with the product. MS (M + ) 460.
  • Example 3 The procedure of Example 3 above was followed except that (4R,5R)- 5-(3-aminophenyl)-3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l,2- benzothiazepin-4-ol 1,1-dioxide was used in place of (4R,5R)-5-(3- aminophenyl)-3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-l,2- benzothiazepin-4-ol 1,1-dioxide.
  • ⁇ NMR was consistent with the product. MS (M+H + ) 623.
  • Step 1 N-[ 1 -Butyl- 1 -(hydroxymethyl)pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2- (phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide
  • Steps 1-2 of Example 7 The procedure of Steps 1-2 of Example 7 was followed except that N- [ 1 -butyl- 1 -[[[( 1 , 1 dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)benzenesulfonamide and benzyl chloride were used in place of N-[ 1 -butyl- 1 -[[[( 1 , 1 dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide and /?-methoxybenzyl chloride.
  • Step 3 of Example 13 The procedure of Step 3 of Example 13 was followed except that N-[l- butyl- 1 -(hydroxymethyl)pentyl] -4-(dimethylamino)-2-(phenylmethyl) benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l -butyl- l-(hydroxymethyl) pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide.
  • Butyl- 1 -formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-(phenylmethyl) benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l -butyl- l-formylpentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzene- sulfonamide.
  • Step 1 of Example 7 The procedure of Step 1 of Example 7 was followed except that N-[l- butyl- 1 -[[[( 1 , 1 dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l-butyl-l- [[[(1 , 1 dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-N- methylb enzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 2 N-[ 1 -Butyl- 1 -(hydroxymethyl)pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide
  • Step 8 of Example 1 The procedure of Step 8 of Example 1 was followed except that N-[l- butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l-butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl] pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzene- sulfonamide.
  • Step 3 of Example 13 The procedure of Step 3 of Example 13 was followed except that N-[l- butyl-l-(hydroxymethyl)pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl]benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l-butyl-l-[[[(l- dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3- nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 10 of Example 1 The procedure of Step 10 of Example 1 was followed except that N-[l- butyl-l-formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl] benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[ 1 -butyl- 1 -formylpentyl]-4-
  • Example 8 The procedure set forth in Example 8 above was followed except that (4R,5R)- 3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-l,2- benzothiazepin-4-ol 1,1-dioxide was used in place of (4R,5R)-3,3-dibutyl-7- (dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-l,2- benzothiazepin-4-ol 1,1-dioxide and a reaction temperature of 0 °C was employed.
  • Step 8 of Example 1 The procedure of Step 8 of Example 1 was followed except that N-[l- butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-(phenylmethyl) benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l-butyl-l-[[[(l- dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3- nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 3 N-[l -Butyl- l-formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3- nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-(phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide
  • Butyl-l-(hydroxymethyl)pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl) methyl]-N-(phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l- butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide.
  • Step l N-[l-Butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N- (phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide
  • Step 8 of Example 1 The procedure of Step 8 of Example 1 was followed except that N-[l- butyl- 1 -[[[(1 -dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-
  • Step 3 N-[l -Butyl- l-formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3- nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-(phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide
  • Step 3 of Example 13 The procedure of Step 3 of Example 13 was followed except that N-[l- butyl- 1 -(hydroxymethyl)pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-(phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l-butyl-l-[[[(l-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 10 of Example 1 The procedure of Step 10 of Example 1 was followed except that N-[l- butyl-l-formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N- (phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[l -butyl- 1- formylpentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-N- methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 2 of Example 1 The procedure of Step 2 of Example 1 was followed except that cycloleucinol was substituted for 2-amino-2-butylhexanol.
  • Step 2-3 N-[ 1 -[[[(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]cyclopentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)benzenesulfonamide
  • Steps 3 and 4 of Example 1 The procedure of Steps 3 and 4 of Example 1 was followed except that N-[l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide was used in place of N-[ 1 -butyl- 1 -(hydroxymethyl)pentyl]-4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 4 N-[ 1 -[[[( 1 -dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]cyclopentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide
  • Step 1 of Example 7 The procedure of Step 1 of Example 7 was followed except that N-[l- [[[(1,1 -dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]cyclopentyl]-4- (dimethylamino)benzenesulfonamide was used in place of N- [1 -butyl- 1- [[[(1,1 dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]pentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-N- methylbenzenesulfonamide.
  • Step 5 N-[ 1 -(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-[(4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide
  • Step 6-8 (4R,5R)-7-dimethylamino)-2-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-5-(4- methoxyphenyl)-spiro[ 1 ,2-benzothiazepine-3 (2H), 1 ' -cyclopentan]-4-ol 1,1- dioxide
  • Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK) transfected with the cD ⁇ A of human IB AT (HI 4 cells) are seeded at 60,000 cells/well in 96 well Top-Count tissue culture plates for assays run within 24 hours of seeding; 30,000 cells/well for assays run within 48 hours; and 10,000 cells/well for assays run within 72 hours. On the day of assay, the cell monolayer is gently washed once with
  • assay buffer Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium with 4.5 g/L glucose + 0.2%o (w/v) fatty acid free bovine serum albumin ((FAF)BSA).
  • assay buffer Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium with 4.5 g/L glucose + 0.2%o (w/v) fatty acid free bovine serum albumin ((FAF)BSA.
  • FAF fatty acid free bovine serum albumin
  • alanine uptake assay is performed in an identical fashion to the taurocholate assay, with the exception that labeled alanine is substituted for the labeled taurocholate.
  • Bile ducts are cannulated with a 10 " length of PEI 0 tubing.
  • the small intestine is exposed and laid out on a gauze pad.
  • a canulae (1/8" luer lock, tapered female adapter) is inserted at 12 cm from the junction ofthe small intestine and the cecum.
  • a slit is cut at 4 cm from this same junction (utilizing a 8 cm length of ileum).
  • 20 mL of warm Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline, pH 6.5 (PBS) is used to flush out the intestine segment.
  • the distal opening is cannulated with a 20 cm length of silicone tubing (0.02" LD. x 0.037" O.D.).
  • the proximal cannulae is hooked up to a peristaltic pump and the intestine is washed for 20 minutes with warm PBS at 0.25 mL/minute. Temperature of the gut segment is monitored continuously.
  • 2.0 mL of control sample [ 1 C]-taurocholate @ 0.05 mi/mL with 5 mM cold taurocholate) is loaded into the gut segment with a 3 mL syringe and bile sample collection is begun. Control sample is infused at a rate of 0.25 mL/minute for 21 minutes.
  • Bile samples fractions are collected every three minutes for the first 27 minutes ofthe procedure. After the 21 minutes of sample infusion, the ileal loop is washed out with 20 mL of warm PBS (using a 30 mL syringe), and then the loop is washed out for 21 minutes with warm PBS at 0.25 mL/minute. A second perfusion is initiated as described above but with the test compound being administered as well (21 minutes administration followed by 21 minutes of wash out) and bile sampled every three minutes for the first 27 minutes. If necessary, a third perfusion is performed as above that typically contains the control sample. Measurement Of Hepatic Cholesterol Concentration (HEPATIC CHOP Liver tissue is weighed and homogenized in chloroform:methanol (2:1).
  • Hepatic HMG CoA-Reductase Activity HMG CO A Hepatic microsomes are prepared by homogenizing liver samples in a phosphate/sucrose buffer, followed by centrifugal separation. The final pelleted material is resuspended in buffer and an aliquot is assayed for HMG CoA reductase activity by incubating for 60 minutes at 37° C in the presence of 14 C-HMG-CoA (Dupont-NEN). The reaction is stopped by adding 6N HCl followed by centrifugation.
  • Total serum cholesterol (SER.CHOL) is measured enzymatically using a commercial kit from Wako Fine Chemicals (Richmond, VA); Cholesterol Cl 1, Catalog No. 276-64909. HDL cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) is assayed using this same kit after precipitation of NLDL and LDL with Sigma Chemical Co. HDL Cholesterol reagent, Catalog No. 352-3 (dextran sulfate method). Total serum triglycerides (blanked) (TGI) are assayed enzymatically with Sigma Chemical Co. GPO-Trinder, Catalog No. 337-B. NLDL and LDL (VLDL + LDL) cholesterol concentrations are calculated as the difference between total and HDL cholesterol.
  • Hepatic Cholesterol 7- Hvdroxylase Activity 7 -OHase '
  • Hepatic microsomes are prepared by homogenizing liver samples in a phosphate/sucrose buffer, followed by centrifugal separation. The final pelleted material is resuspended in buffer and an aliquot is assayed for cholesterol 7-a-hydroxylase activity by incubating for 5 minutes at 37° C in the presence of NADPH. Following extraction into petroleum ether, the organic solvent is evaporated and the residue is dissolved in acetonitrile/ methanol.
  • the enzymatic product is separated by injecting an aliquot ofthe extract onto a C ]8 reversed phase HPLC column and quantitating the eluted material using UN detection at 240nm. (Reference: Horton, J. D., et al. (1994) J. Clin. Invest. 93, 2084).
  • Rat Gavage Assay Male Wister rats (275-300g) are administered IB AT inhibitors using an oral gavage procedure. Drug or vehicle (0.2% Tween 80 in water) is administered once a day (9:00-10:00 a.m.) for four days at varying dosages in a final volume of 2 mL per kilogram of body weight. Total fecal samples are collected during the final 48 hours ofthe treatment period and analyzed for bile acid content using an enzymatic assay as described below. Compound efficacy is determined by comparison ofthe increase in fecal bile acid (FBA) concentration in treated rats to the mean FBA concentration of rats in the vehicle group. Table 5 describes the results of this assay when the compound of Example 4 was tested. Table 5
  • FBA fecal bile acid
  • Rabbit Ileal brush border membranes are prepared from frozen ileal mucosa by the calcium precipitation method described by Malathi et al. (Reference: (1979) Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 554, 259).
  • the method for measuring taurocholate is essentially as described by Kramer et al. (Reference: (1992) Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 1111, 93) except the assay volume is 200 ⁇ L instead of 100 ⁇ L.
  • a 190 ⁇ L solution containing 2 ⁇ M [ 3 H]-taurocholate(0.75 ⁇ Ci), 20 mM tris, 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM mannitol pH 7.4 is incubated for 5 seconds with 10 ⁇ L of brush border membrane vesicles (60-120 ⁇ g protein).
  • the incubation is initiated by the addition ofthe BBMN while vortexing and the reaction is stopped by the addition of 5 mL of ice cold buffer (20 mM Hepes-tris, 150 mM KC1) followed immediately by filtration through a nylon filter (0.2 ⁇ m pore) and an additional 5 mL wash with stop buffer.
  • Acyl-CoA; cholesterol Acyl Transferase (ACAT) Hamster liver and rat intestinal microsomes are prepared from tissue as described previously (Reference: (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9098) and used as a source of ACAT enzyme.
  • the assay consists of a 2.0 mL incubation containing 24 ⁇ M Oleoyl-CoA (0.05 ⁇ Ci) in a 50 mM sodium phosphate, 2 mM DTT ph 7.4 buffer containing 0.25 % BSA and 200 ⁇ g of microsomal protein. The assay is initiated by the addition of oleoyl-Co A.
  • the reaction proceeds for five minutes at 37° C and is terminated by the addition of 8.0 mL of chloro form/methanol (2:1).
  • 125 ⁇ g of cholesterol oleate in chloroform methanol to act as a carrier and the organic and aqueous phases ofthe extraction are separated by centrifugation after thorough vortexing.
  • the chloroform phase is taken to dryness and then spotted on a silica gel 60 TLC plate and developed in hexane/ethyl ether (9:1).
  • the amount of cholesterol ester formed is determined by measuring the amount of radioactivity incorporated into the cholesterol oleate spot on the TLC plate with a Packard instaimager.
  • the examples herein can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.
EP00915720A 1999-02-12 2000-02-10 1,2-benzothiazepin derivate zur behandlung von hyperlipidaemischen krankheiten Ceased EP1155007A2 (de)

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WO2000047568A2 (en) 2000-08-17
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WO2000047568A3 (en) 2000-12-14
CA2362147A1 (en) 2000-08-17
AU3694600A (en) 2000-08-29
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