EP1078209A1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zur haltbarmachung von schnee - Google Patents
Verfahren und einrichtung zur haltbarmachung von schneeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1078209A1 EP1078209A1 EP99950363A EP99950363A EP1078209A1 EP 1078209 A1 EP1078209 A1 EP 1078209A1 EP 99950363 A EP99950363 A EP 99950363A EP 99950363 A EP99950363 A EP 99950363A EP 1078209 A1 EP1078209 A1 EP 1078209A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling mat
- mat device
- coolant
- snow
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100495769 Caenorhabditis elegans che-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the preservation of snow.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a device by which snow can be made so durable that nature is damaged or even protected as little as possible.
- the main advantage of the present invention is that by simply laying cooling mats on desired areas of a ski slope it is possible to cool the base for artificial or natural snow to such an extent that an undesirably fast melting of the natural or artificial snow can be avoided . Since in this way nature or artificial snow can be prevented from defrosting quickly at the critical points mentioned, a considerably longer ski operation can be ensured. In particular, racing and downhill routes for the holding of ski races and the like can also be made durable in the manner according to the invention, so that the execution of such competitions can be ensured relatively independently of the weather conditions. In addition, it is ensured that all skiers find the same conditions as far as possible during such a competition.
- the main advantage of the present invention is that the enormous water consumption associated with conventional snow cannons can be reduced because of the preservation of the snow. Since the cooling mats used in connection with the present invention have lines with a very small diameter, there is only a relatively small cooling agent requirement.
- the coolant used is Glysantm or similar environmentally compatible coolants, which preferably have a color which indicates the point of break in the event of a line break in the snow. Access to the fault location can then be obtained particularly easily for repair and the line can be disconnected from the system simply by heating and melting, the function of the entire system essentially being retained.
- the mat device has insertion funnels, n a drill of a drilling device is inserted particularly easily from the side facing away from the ground and is guided into the ground by the mat device, so that tilting rods can later be inserted through the funnel devices and fastened in the ground .
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation for explaining the inventive method for preserving snow
- Figure 2 shows a cross section through the mat device used in connection with the invention
- a cooling mat device 2 is laid out on a base 1 on which snow is to be preserved according to the method according to the invention.
- Underground 1 is, for example, a particularly critical, highly stressed point on an alpine run, the area of a valley run of a ski area, an alpine run or slalom course or the like.
- the cooling mat device 2 comprises a coolant supply line 21, a coolant return line 22 and line loops 23 running between them.
- the coolant supply line 21 is fed by a pump 3, which is connected via a line 4 the coolant is taken from a coolant reservoir 5.
- the coolant used is an environmentally compatible coolant, preferably Glysantm.
- the coolant reservoir 5 and the pump 4 are preferably accommodated in a housing 6 or shelter in a movable or stationary manner and the cooling mat emitter 2 can also be stowed in the housing 6 when it is not required on the substrate 1.
- Coolant is removed from the coolant reservoir 5 via the supply line 21 and the return line 22 through the line loop - fen 23 pumped.
- the substrate 1 and its surface are cooled, for example to a temperature in the range from -3 ° to -7 ° C. Because of the ambient air humidity, the cooling mat device 2 is iced up.
- the coolant device 2 can cover a double width of the substrate 1, but in Buy is to be taken that there is a greater heating of the coolant along the lines 23 '.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the present cooling mat device 2.
- a cooling mat device 2 which consists of individual loops 23, which are connected to the supply line 21 and the return line 22, is arranged on the base 1, which may already have a snow cover.
- a snow and ice protection layer 8 is preferably formed on the substrate 1, which protects the substrate 1 against mechanical damage.
- Such a snow and ice wear layer 8 is also formed on the surface of the coolant device 2.
- the artificial or natural snow 9 is applied to this protective layer 8.
- funnel devices 10 can be arranged in the area of the cooling mat device, which are guided through the gaps between the conductor loops 23 or lines 23 '.
- These funnel devices 10 have the form of tubes 101, which have funnel-shaped extensions 102 on their side facing away from the substrate 1. Since the locations of the funnel devices are known, the mat devices 2 can also be used in the snow-covered state Subsurface 1 facing away from the drill inserted into the extensions 102 and then automatically guided by them through the pipe 101 into the substrate 1, so that 2 holes for fastening tilting rods or the like can be drilled in this without damaging the mat device.
- the width of the substrate 1 can be covered by the arrangement in FIG. 1 by six meters. If the supply line 21 and the return line 22 are separated from one another in the same mat device, as can be seen in FIG. 3, a width of the subsurface 1 of twelve meters can be covered.
- the mat device 2 can be of any desired length because stopper parts 24 are used at the free ends of the feed line 21 and the return line 22 as a termination. To extend these stopper parts 24 can be removed so that further Mattene directional le can be connected to the lines 21 and 22, which in turn, if they are not to be extended and therefore only represent intermediate parts, are completed by the stopper parts 24.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 which show a longitudinal section or a top view of the mat device 2
- 2 knob-like projections 30, 30 ' are arranged on the mat device 2, which protrude from below and / or connected at the top to the lines 23 or 23 '.
- These knob-like projections 30, 30 ' which project downwards or upwards via the lines 23, 23', are preferably open at the bottom or upwards, so that snow and / or ice can get caught in them. This has the advantage that the snow has an even better grip on the mat device. For this reason, the Lines 23 and 23 'better protected against external influences, such as those caused by ski edges or piste rollers.
- the knob-like projections 30, 30 'in the form of bands in which the projections 30, 30' are laterally connected to one another (in the transverse direction) by means of elements 31 which can be plugged onto the lines 23, 23 ', in the transverse direction at certain distances Mat devices 2 attached.
- the tapes run in the longitudinal direction of the mat device 2 (FIG. 5).
- the elements 31 preferably have the shape of cap parts adapted to the shape of the circular line cross sections, which are also circular and can be plugged onto the lines 23, 23 '. In this way, the strips with the projections 30, 30 'on the lines 23, 23' are displaceable in the transverse direction of the mat device and can be removed from it at any time.
- a plurality of mat devices can preferably be connected to one another in the longitudinal direction with such bands.
- the lower projections 30 are used as spacers to the ground and therefore protect the mat device 2 from stones or other objects.
- the projections 30, 30 ' can also be used to fasten the mat device 2 to the floor, with the upper and lower projections 30, 30' or only through the lower projections 30 holding elements, preferably in the form of nails 32 or thorns, driving the substrate .
- the strips with the projections 30 and 30 ' are preferably made of plastic, which can be reinforced with metal inclusions.
- the lower protrusions 30 and the upper protrusions 30 ′ can be fastened to one another by plug connections 33.
- the bands are expediently only attached to one line 23 of a loop, the other line of the loop preferably being inserted into the distance between two adjacent upper projections 30 '.
- the cooling mat device 2 which is composed of several cooling mat parts, is laid on a base 1 with already existing layers of snow, a snow groomer or other clearing device first pushes a layer of snow, for example 30 cm deep, out of an existing surface of the base 1, for example a ski slope , so that a smoothed surface is formed on which the cooling mat parts of the cooling mat device 2 are designed and be connected to the coolant reservoir 5 via flexible plastic hoses.
- a snow groomer or other clearing device first pushes a layer of snow, for example 30 cm deep, out of an existing surface of the base 1, for example a ski slope , so that a smoothed surface is formed on which the cooling mat parts of the cooling mat device 2 are designed and be connected to the coolant reservoir 5 via flexible plastic hoses.
- the designed cooling mat device 2 can then be snowed in in areas of snow cannons with artificial snow, or snow can be applied to the cooling mat device 2 from the edge of the cooling mat device 2 with the aid of the piste roller. In the latter case, care must be taken that the cooling mat device 2 is not cooled before driving on the piste roller, since the individual cooling mat parts could break when driving on the piste roller.
- the type of installation described above advantageously makes it possible to keep a relatively large snow surface on the substrate 1 within a short time. This procedure is particularly recommended in spring (February to April), when individual areas of the slope thaw due to strong sunshine and warming of the subsoil or for the temporary preservation of snow in parking lots or the like during the holding of major events.
- a method is also particularly advantageous in which the cooling mat parts are applied to a layer of snow already present on the substrate 1 and are connected to form a cooling mat device 2.
- heated coolant which has been heated, for example, in the coolant reservoir 5 to about 20 to 60 ° C.
- the individual cooling mat parts are heated so that they sink into the snow layer already present on the substrate 1.
- the individual heated cooling mat parts are elastic when entering or when driving on a piste roller so that they do not break. In the case of very cold outside temperatures, a better connection between the snow and the cooling mat device 2 can be achieved by this melting.
- the cooling mat devices can be heated by warming up in the manner described above, for example to 40 ° C.
- connections of the individual cooling mat parts to one another and the connections to the coolant reservoir 5 are made with flexible plastic hoses.
- a laborious and costly welding of the cooling mat parts to one another is therefore not necessary.
- the individual cooling mat parts can be connected to each other using the plug-in method. If the flexible plastic hoses are transparent, there is the advantage that air accumulations can be seen from the outside, so that proper cooling operation can be ensured.
- the plastic hoses mentioned are expediently rolled up on hose reels and they can therefore be unrolled from these hose reels on site in a short time if necessary. This saves a lot of space during transport and storage.
- the flexible plastic hoses can also be used to repair damaged cables in the cooling mat parts.
- the hose connection between the coolant reservoir 5 and the feed and return lines 21, 22 is advantageously produced via so-called non-return valve closures, as are known, for example, from garden irrigation systems. This can ensure that the connection to Coolant reservoir 5 can be produced or interrupted within seconds without coolant being able to escape from the supply line 21 or the return line 22.
- the cooling mat device 2 only has to be cooled temporarily.
- the connection between the cooling mat device 2 and the coolant reservoir 5 can be switched off after the cooling mat device 2 has been cooled initially, preferably for about 24 hours, with a coolant temperature of about -11 ° C. to -20 ° C.
- a coolant temperature of about -11 ° C. to -20 ° C.
- a powerful cooling device in the coolant reservoir 5 builds up a hard snow layer in the area of the cooling mat device 2 at the beginning of the cooling period for about 24 hours.
- This cooling device can then be removed and connected to another cooling mat device for another field to be cooled.
- Measuring sensors 40 are preferably installed on the cooling mat devices 2 and report the state of the respective cooling mat device 2 to a central computer 50 via a line 41 (FIG. 1).
- a small device of approximately 9 kW coolant suitable for circulation cooling can then deliver from the coolant reservoir 5 to the cooling mat device 2. Cooling devices can be saved here.
- the individual lines 23, 23 ⁇ of the cooling mat parts can advantageously be welded to one another in a fully functional manner, independently of a power supply, even with the help of a specially prepared gas soldering iron. It was found that a welded joint made in this way can withstand a pressure of approx. 35 bar. Since the operating pressure is around 2 bar, this is more than sufficient.
- knob-like projections 30, 30 described in FIGS. 4 and 5 which also serve as spacers
- simple structural adhesive tapes which consist of the same material as the mat device parts. These adhesive tapes make it possible for the mat device parts to be rolled in and out at any time without the thin lines 23, 23 ⁇ becoming entangled or knotted. This makes mat transport easier.
- the present cooling mat device 2 is applied to a surface 1 already covered with a layer of snow, or is applied directly to a snow-free surface 1 with spacers so that there is a distance of about 10 to 25 cm from the floor, the cooling mat device 2 forms between the surface 1 and the Kuhlmatten adopted a layer of snow as a snow buffer, which prevents air insulation of the ground, so that the vegetation is not affected.
- the resulting hard snow layer is comparable to natural ice sheets on slopes.
- cooling mat devices 2 In order to signal to the drivers of piste rollers and the like that there are already laid, invisible cooling mat devices 2, it is advisable, in particular, to provide the mat edges of the cooling mat device 2 with thin metal bands 60, the presence of which sensors in the snow groomer is detected and signaled. Damage due to improper driving on the cooling mat device 2 can thus be avoided.
- the present cooling mat devices 2 are designed in such hazardous areas and locked, for example, with the help of metal rods which are driven into the ground between lines 23, 23 ⁇ of the mat device parts. Temporary cooling of these danger areas ensures that the snow masses on the ground are retained, so that the departure of particularly dangerous basic avalanches can be avoided.
- the cooling mat facilities can guarantee constant competitive conditions for all participants by cooling or warming up, since they can keep the floor temperatures constant. For example, it can be avoided that the Inrun track of a ski flying hill is very frozen in the morning and very soft in the afternoon. For example, bridges over streams in the course of ski slopes can be provided with a layer of snow that has been preserved by laying out the present cooling mat devices. Furthermore, it is conceivable to produce cross-country trails on a subsurface even in areas with relatively little snow reliability by designing the present cooling mat devices and to operate them for a long time.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19821027 | 1998-05-11 | ||
DE19821027 | 1998-05-11 | ||
DE19843901A DE19843901C2 (de) | 1998-05-11 | 1998-09-24 | Verfahren zur Haltbarmachung von Schnee und Kühlmatteneinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE19843901 | 1998-09-24 | ||
PCT/EP1999/003213 WO1999058910A1 (de) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-11 | Verfahren und einrichtung zur haltbarmachung von schnee |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1078209A1 true EP1078209A1 (de) | 2001-02-28 |
EP1078209B1 EP1078209B1 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
Family
ID=26046109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99950363A Expired - Lifetime EP1078209B1 (de) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-11 | Verfahren zur haltbarmachung von schnee |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6418733B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1078209B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002514736A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE245269T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4259599A (de) |
ES (1) | ES2207291T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999058910A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10125496C1 (de) * | 2001-05-23 | 2003-02-27 | Allrounder Winter World Gmbh & | Skihalle |
DE10160237A1 (de) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-07-17 | Allrounder Winter World Gmbh & | Schneesporthalle und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb |
DE60233659D1 (de) * | 2002-10-10 | 2009-10-22 | Henri Mollin | Skipiste mit Vorrichtung um Schnee zu bewahren |
US20070125109A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | Ludwig Morasch | Open-air, air conditioned residential or recreational facility |
SE534320C2 (sv) * | 2009-11-16 | 2011-07-05 | Icehotel Ab | Metod och kylande anordning för byggande av byggnader av is och snö |
KR101207217B1 (ko) * | 2010-05-31 | 2012-12-03 | 레인보우스케이프주식회사 | 냉각 코일을 이용한 모형 얼음 집 |
CN107014127A (zh) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-04 | 青岛海尔股份有限公司 | 一种碎冰器 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US515979A (en) * | 1894-03-06 | Edouard de stoppani | ||
GB292623A (en) | 1926-10-16 | 1928-10-25 | George Charles Funk | Improvement in ice skating rinks |
US3815377A (en) * | 1970-02-26 | 1974-06-11 | L Tyree | System for cooling material using co{11 {11 snow |
US3751935A (en) * | 1971-12-02 | 1973-08-14 | Calmac Manuf Corp | Method and system for creating and maintaining an ice slab |
US3893507A (en) * | 1971-12-02 | 1975-07-08 | Calmac Mfg Corp | Apparatus for creating and maintaining an ice slab |
US3919858A (en) | 1973-04-19 | 1975-11-18 | Frick Co | Direct liquid refrigerant supply and return system |
JPS5931544B2 (ja) | 1979-04-20 | 1984-08-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | アントラキノン系色素 |
US4790531A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1988-12-13 | Kajima Corporation | Indoor ski slope and apparatus for making snow thereon |
GB2223567B (en) | 1988-08-25 | 1992-04-15 | Bolero Rinks Ltd | Heat exchange system |
SE8902324L (sv) | 1989-06-27 | 1990-12-28 | Bengt Valdemar Eggemar | Foerfarande och anordning vid vaermevaexling |
AT394109B (de) | 1990-01-05 | 1992-02-10 | Solkav Solartechnik Ges M B H | Verwendung eines waermetauschers |
SE9101623L (sv) | 1991-05-28 | 1992-11-29 | Bengt Valdemar Eggemar | Saett och anordning foer maetning och reglering av istemperatur vid konstisbanor |
US5400966A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1995-03-28 | Holimont, Inc. | Machine for making artificial snow and method |
JP2527923B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-28 | 1996-08-28 | 株式会社クレブ | 人工雪および人工スキ―ゲレンデ |
GB9410557D0 (en) | 1994-05-26 | 1994-07-13 | Schlumberger Ind Ltd | Radio antennae |
US5970734A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1999-10-26 | Stillwell; Robert | Method and system for creating and maintaining a frozen surface |
DE29708601U1 (de) | 1997-05-14 | 1997-07-31 | Heise, Herbert, 79379 Müllheim | Bodenplatte mit Kippstangenhalterung |
-
1999
- 1999-05-11 US US09/674,499 patent/US6418733B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-11 AT AT99950363T patent/ATE245269T1/de active
- 1999-05-11 AU AU42595/99A patent/AU4259599A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-11 WO PCT/EP1999/003213 patent/WO1999058910A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-05-11 JP JP2000548671A patent/JP2002514736A/ja active Pending
- 1999-05-11 EP EP99950363A patent/EP1078209B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-11 ES ES99950363T patent/ES2207291T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9958910A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1078209B1 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
JP2002514736A (ja) | 2002-05-21 |
ES2207291T3 (es) | 2004-05-16 |
US6418733B1 (en) | 2002-07-16 |
ATE245269T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
WO1999058910A1 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
AU4259599A (en) | 1999-11-29 |
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