EP1076772B1 - Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1076772B1
EP1076772B1 EP99924908A EP99924908A EP1076772B1 EP 1076772 B1 EP1076772 B1 EP 1076772B1 EP 99924908 A EP99924908 A EP 99924908A EP 99924908 A EP99924908 A EP 99924908A EP 1076772 B1 EP1076772 B1 EP 1076772B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
fuel injection
injection nozzle
needle tip
nozzle according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99924908A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1076772A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Danckert
Bernhard Schütz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Solutions GmbH
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MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1076772A1 publication Critical patent/EP1076772A1/fr
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Publication of EP1076772B1 publication Critical patent/EP1076772B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1873—Valve seats or member ends having circumferential grooves or ridges, e.g. toroidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, in particular a common rail injection system, in which the injection nozzle is permanently acted upon by fuel held at high pressure in a preliminary store, the fuel injection nozzle having a nozzle needle coupled to an actuating element which serves to control a nozzle opening process Contains the needle tip and a valve seat interacting with the needle tip of the nozzle needle, the valve seat having a conical sealing surface with an opening angle ⁇ 1 and the needle tip having a conical sealing surface with an opening angle ⁇ 2 in the closed state of the injection valve, and the needle tip and needle housing having an annular flow channel limit.
  • DE 36 05 082 A1 describes a fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines known which is provided for a conventional injection system and in which an annular groove in the sealing surface of the needle tip interacting with the valve seat is provided, which serves to form a turbulent boundary layer of the flow. Downstream of the sealing surface there is initially a convex shape at the needle tip Sheath surface section provided, on which a concavely shaped Shell surface section follows. This should prevent the tendency for the flow to separate The area of the valve passage is reduced and the flow or the jet formation be improved.
  • DE 196 34 933 A1 shows a fuel injection valve in which two Areas of a valve sealing surface in the transition that have different cone angles have a groove-shaped extension downstream of the valve seat.
  • the extension serves to increase the metering accuracy of the injection quantity by a defined position the sealing edge is generated.
  • DE 195 47 423 A1 also uses a groove Extensions below the valve seat in the nozzle body or nozzle needle by one create defined contact line.
  • the circumferential one representing an extension radial recess is very flat and is specified with 0.01 to 0.06 mm. It's like that assume that this expansion increases the cavitation and the nozzle needle and the nozzle body is affected by erosion in the adjacent walls, which ultimately leads to the destruction of the injection valve.
  • the flow cross section between the valve seat and the injection holes by suitable shaping of Nozzle needle tip and nozzle housing gradually changed to separate the flow and avoid instabilities.
  • the flow cross section is based on the valve seat gradually increased and gradually reduced again after a flow deflection.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fuel injector which a low susceptibility to cavitation damage in the area of the valve seat on the nozzle needle and has needle housing.
  • the invention provides a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, in particular a common rail injection system, in which the injection nozzle is permanently acted upon by fuel held at high pressure in a preliminary store.
  • the fuel injection nozzle contains a nozzle needle with a needle tip, which nozzle is coupled to an actuating element for controlling a nozzle opening process, and a valve seat which interacts with the needle tip of the nozzle needle, the valve seat having a conical sealing surface with an opening angle ⁇ 1 and the needle tip resting against the latter in the closed state of the injection valve have a conical sealing surface with an opening angle ⁇ 2 and the needle tip and needle housing delimit an annular flow channel.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 2 of the sealing surface of the needle tip is smaller than the opening angle ⁇ 1 of the sealing surface of the valve seat, and that an expansion of the annular flow channel between the needle tip and the needle housing is formed in the flow direction of the fuel following the sealing surfaces, such that Both on the needle tip and on the needle housing, extensions in the form of recesses form a cavitation space in which the implosion of cavitation bubbles occurs away from the wall.
  • the size and shape of the cavitation space are deliberately kept so that the cavitation bubbles are guided and disintegrate at a distance from the walls of the annular flow channel formed by the nozzle needle and needle housing, and as a result there is no erosion of the walls.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of this provides that the concave Course of the surface of the needle tip and / or needle housing through a radius is formed.
  • the concave course of the Surface on the upstream side with an edge in the sealing surface of Needle tip and / or valve seat merges.
  • the concave course of the surface on the downstream side with an edge in the surface of the needle tip and / or Needle housing merges.
  • Fuel injection nozzle is provided that in each case on the surface of the needle tip and needle housing an expansion of the flow channel with a concave course is provided, and that the center of the expansion of the needle housing at closed valve towards the center of the extension of the needle tip is offset upstream.
  • the extensions on The needle housing and the needle tip are formed by the same radii.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 1 of the valve seat is advantageously between 50 ° and 60 °, preferably between 55 ° and 65 °.
  • the opening angle is Valve seat around 60 °.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 2 of the sealing surface of the needle tip is advantageously between 0.5 ° and 3 °, preferably between 1 ° and 2 °, smaller than the opening angle ⁇ 1 of the valve seat.
  • a transition surface is formed on the needle tip upstream of the sealing surface, which has an angle ⁇ 3 between that of the needle body and that of the sealing surface of the nozzle needle. This transition surface improves the flow behavior at the transition from the needle body to the sealing surface.
  • This transition surface is advantageously formed by a conical surface.
  • the transition surface is designed so that it the angle between the Sealing surface of the nozzle needle and the needle body approximately halved.
  • the needle tip has a tapered end section. This has the advantage that the nozzle needle with its end portion far in at the downstream End of the needle housing trained blind hole extends, which the Blind hole volume is reduced.
  • the tapered end section is preferably formed by a cone.
  • the cone forming the tapering end section has an opening angle ⁇ 4 that is smaller than the opening angle ⁇ 2 of the sealing surface of the needle tip.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 4 of the end section is advantageously between 40 ° and 65 °, preferably between 50 ° and 55 °.
  • the needle tip upstream of the sealing surface against the diameter of the needle body has widened bead-shaped section.
  • This bead-shaped section can be formed by successive conical and / or cylindrical ring surfaces can be formed.
  • the bead-shaped portion may be lenticular or spherical Be formed.
  • the diameter of the bead-shaped section is advantageously 1.05 times up to 1.2 times, preferably 1.1 times to 1.15 times the diameter of the Needle body of the nozzle needle.
  • the longitudinal extent of the bead-shaped section in the direction of the needle axis is advantageously 0.2 times to 0.6 times, preferably 0.25 times to 0.35 times the diameter of the needle body of the nozzle needle.
  • Figure 1 is the sectional side view of an injection nozzle of a common rail injection system shown in the area of the needle tip of the nozzle needle.
  • Needle housing 14 is a nozzle needle, the needle body of which is identified by reference number 11 is provided, slidably mounted in the axial direction.
  • Located on the needle tip 12 a conical sealing surface 13, which with the sealing surface 16 one on the needle housing 14 provided valve seat 15 in the sense of opening and closing the injector interacts when the nozzle needle 11 moves.
  • the nozzle needle 11 On the needle tip 12 opposite end is the nozzle needle 11 with one for controlling a Coupled actuator serving actuator, which is not in the figure is shown.
  • a blind hole 110 is formed in the needle housing 14, from which injection openings 120 emanate, which serve to inject the fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the needle tip 12 of the nozzle needle 11 is provided with an end section 121 in the form of a tapered cone which extends deep into the blind hole 110. Between the sealing surface 13 and the conical end section 121, an enlargement of the annular flow channel 17 formed between the needle tip 12 and the needle housing 14 in the form of a course 19 with a concave cross section is produced on the surface of the needle tip 12.
  • a transition surface 111 is formed between the sealing surface 13 and the needle body 11, which has an angle ⁇ 3 and essentially halves the angle between the cylindrical outer surface of the needle body 11 and the sealing surface 13.
  • the sealing surface 16 of the valve seat 15 has an opening angle ⁇ 1 , which is 60 ° in the illustrated embodiment, while the sealing surface 13 of the needle tip 12 has an opening angle ⁇ 2 , which is smaller than the opening angle ⁇ 1 of the sealing surface 16 of the valve seat 15 and is 58.5 ° in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the narrowest point of the needle sealing seat is thus between the sealing surface 13 of the nozzle needle tip 12 and the sealing surface 16 of the valve seat 15 in the front region of the needle tip 12, which means an inverse seat angle difference compared to conventional sealing seat geometries.
  • the annular flow channel 17 formed between the needle tip 12 and the needle housing 14 widens through the concave courses 18, 19, whereby a "cavitation trap” or cavitation space is formed for the cavitation bubbles, which due to the inverse seat angle difference in a defined manner at the narrowest point of the Needle sealing seat are formed immediately upstream of the concave courses 18, 19.
  • a conventional needle tip geometry such is shown in dashed lines in FIG.
  • the recess on the nozzle needle and needle housing represents a sudden expansion in which cavitation bubbles form.
  • the recess is designed or dimensioned such that the subsequent implosion of the cavitation bubbles does not take place in the immediate vicinity of the walls, but rather in the middle of the flow or at least at a distance from the nozzle needle.
  • the gap width formed by the expansion is more than 0.05 mm at the widest point. Gap widths of 0.5 mm or more are more favorable.
  • In the downstream connection to the cavitation space follows a flow channel, the cross section of which is preferably designed such that the flow speed remains approximately constant.
  • the conical wall of the needle housing in connection with the cavitation space is preferably inclined somewhat more steeply than in the upstream region, which causes the flow to be deflected in the direction of the spray holes.
  • the needle tip 12 of the nozzle needle 11 from FIG. 1 is enlarged again in FIG shown.
  • the concave course 18 formed by a radius, which in the shown Embodiment is 0.5 mm. This radius creates a flute-shaped, annular recess formed by a first edge 191 on the sealing surface 13 to a second edge 192 on the front end portion 121 of the needle tip 12 runs.
  • the concave course 18 on the inside of the needle housing 14 is also formed by a radius extending from an upstream edge 181 to one downstream 182 runs, see Figure 1.
  • a nozzle needle as shown in FIG can be combined with a needle housing of the type shown in FIG Needle tip 32 upstream of a sealing surface 33 compared to the diameter of the Needle body 31 formed widened bead-shaped section 320.
  • This bead-shaped section 320 is formed by successive annular surfaces 321, 322, 323 formed, of which the annular surfaces 321 and 323 are designed as conical surfaces, while the annular surface 322 is formed in the form of a cylindrical annular surface, compare Detail Y.
  • the diameter of the bulge portion 320 is at its widest point, i.e. on the ring surface 322 around 1.15 times the diameter of the Needle body 31 of the nozzle needle.
  • the longitudinal extent of the bead portion 320 in the direction of the needle axis is approximately 0.25 times the diameter of the Needle body 31.
  • the bead-shaped Section 320 can also be formed by a lenticular or spherical surface 324, as shown in dashed lines in detail Y.
  • a conical shape 39 which is formed by a radius, such as shown in detail X.
  • the conical extension 39 goes on the one hand with an edge 391 in the sealing surface 33 and on the other side with an edge 392 in the end section 321 of the Nozzle tip 32 over.
  • the sealing surface 33 of the needle tip 32 has an opening angle ⁇ 2 of 59.8 °, compared to an opening angle ⁇ 1 of 60 ° of the sealing surface of the valve seat of the needle housing combined therewith.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 4 of the end section 321 is 55 °.
  • the conical ring surface 323 of the bead-shaped section 320 is formed with an opening angle of 45 ° as a transition surface between the sealing surface 33 and the cylindrical ring surface 322 of the bead-shaped section 320.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Injecteur de carburant pour un moteur à combustion interne, en particulier d'un système d'injection à rampe commune, dans lequel i'injecteur est sollicité en permanence par du carburant contenu initialement dans un préaccumulateur sous pression élevée, contenant une aiguille d'injecteur (11; 21; 31) couplée à un élément d'actionnement servant à la commande d'une opération d'ouverture de l'injecteur, avec une pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et un siège de soupage (15; 25) coopérant avec la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) de l'aiguille d'injecteur (11; 21; 31), le siège de soupage (15; 25) présentant une surface d'étanchéité conique (16; 26) avec un angle d'ouverture α1 et la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) présentant une surface d'étanchéité (13; 23; 33) conique appliquée, dans l'état fermé de la soupage d'injection, contre cette dernière, avec un angle d'ouverture α2 et la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et le logement d'aiguille (14; 24) délimitant un canal d'écoulement annulaire (17; 27), l'angle d'ouverture α2 de la surface d'étanchéité (13; 23; 33) de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) étant inférieur à l'angle d'ouverture α1 de la surface d'étanchéité (16; 26) du siège de soupape (15; 25), et, dans la direction de l'écoulement du carburant, après les surfaces d'étanchéité (13; 23; 33; 16; 26) de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et du siège de soupape (15; 25), un élargissement du canal d'écoulement annulaire (17; 27) étant réalisé entre la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et le logement d'aiguille (14; 24), caractérisé en ce qu'à la fois sur la pointe d'aiguille (12) et sur le logement d'aiguille (14; 24), il est prévu des retraits formant l'élargissement du canal d'écoulement (17), qui forment ensemble un espace de cavitation dans lequel a lieu l'implosion de bulles de cavitation à l'écart de la paroi.
  2. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élargissement du canal d'écoulement (17; 27) entre la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et le logement d'aiguille (14; 24) est prévu directement après les surfaces d'étanchéité (13; 23; 33; 16; 26) de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et du siège de soupape (15; 25).
  3. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élargissement du canal d'écoulement (17; 27) entre la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et le logement d'aiguille (14; 24) est formé par une configuration concave (18; 28; 19; 39) en section transversale des surfaces de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et du logement d'aiguille (14; 24).
  4. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la configuration concave (18; 28; 19; 39) de la surface de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et/ou du logement d'aiguille (14; 24) est formée par un rayon.
  5. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la configuration concave (18; 28; 19; 39) de la surface se prolonge du côté amont par une arête (181; 191; 281; 391) dans la surface d'étanchéité (13; 16; 26; 33) de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et/ou du siège de soupape (15; 25).
  6. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 3, 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la configuration concave (18; 19; 28; 39) de la surface se prolonge du côté aval par une arête (182; 192; 282; 392) dans la surface de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) et/ou du logement d'aiguille (14, 24).
  7. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le centre de l'élargissement (18) du logement d'aiguille (14) est décalé vers l'amont lorsque la soupape est fermé par rapport au centre de l'élargissement (19) de la pointe d'aiguille (12).
  8. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les élargissements (18; 19) sur le logement d'aiguille (14) et la pointe d'aiguille (12) sont formés par les mêmes rayons.
  9. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'ouverture α1 du siège de soupape (15; 25) est compris entre 50° et 70°, de préférence entre 55° et 65°.
  10. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'ouverture α1 du siège de soupape (15; 25) vaut environ 60°.
  11. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'ouverture α2 de la surface d'étanchéité (13; 23; 33) de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) est inférieur à l'angle d'ouverture α1 du siège de soupape (16; 26) de 0,5° à 3°, de préférence de 1° à 2°.
  12. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'ouverture α2 de la surface d'étanchéité (13; 23; 33) de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) est inférieur de 1,5° à l'angle d'ouverture α1 du siège de soupape (16; 26)
  13. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'une surface de transition (111; 211) est formée au niveau de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22) en amont de la surface d'étanchéité (13; 23), laquelle présente un angle α3 compris entre celui du corps d'aiguille (11; 21) et celui de la surface d'étanchéité (13; 23) de l'aiguille d'injecteur (10; 20).
  14. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la surface de transition (111; 211) est formée par une surface conique.
  15. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la surface de transition (111; 211) réduit approximativement de moitié l'angle entre la surface d'étanchéité (13; 23) de l'aiguille d'injecteur (10; 20) et le corps d'aiguille (11; 21).
  16. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32) présente une portion d'extrémité (121; 221; 321) se terminant en pointe.
  17. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la portion d'extrémité (121; 221; 321) se terminant en pointe est formée par un cône.
  18. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le cône formant la portion d'extrémité (121; 221; 321) se terminant en pointe présente un angle d'ouverture α4 qui est inférieur à l'angle d'ouverture α2 de la surface d'étanchéité (13; 23; 33) de la pointe d'aiguille (12; 22; 32).
  19. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'ouverture α4 de la portion d'extrémité (121; 221; 321) est compris entre 40° et 65°, de préférence entre 50° et 55°.
  20. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que la pointe d'aiguille (32) présente, en amont de la surface d'étanchéité (33), une portion (320) en forme de bourrelet élargi par rapport au diamètre du corps d'aiguille (31).
  21. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que la portion (320) en forme de bourrelet est formée par des surfaces annulaires coniques et/ou cylindriques successives (321; 322; 323).
  22. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que la portion (320) en forme de bourrelet est formée par une surface (324) en forme de lentille ou de sphère.
  23. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre de la portion (320) en forme de bourrelet est 1,05 fois à 1,2 fois, de préférence 1,1 fois à 1,15 fois le diamètre du corps d'aiguille (31) de l'aiguille d'injecteur.
  24. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 23, caractérisé en ce que l'extension longitudinale de la portion (320) en forme de bourrelet dans la direction de l'axe de l'aiguille vaut 0,2 fois à 0,6 fois, de préférence 0,25 fois à 0,35 fois le diamètre du corps d'aiguille (31) de l'aiguille d'injecteur.
  25. Injecteur de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 24, caractérisé en ce que la configuration en section transversale formée par la pointe d'aiguille et le logement d'aiguille, en aval après l'élargissement, est conçue pour une vitesse d'écoulement essentiellement constante.
  26. Injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que la partie du logement d'aiguille placée en aval du siège de soupape est réalisée en tant que surface conique, avec un angle d'ouverture mesuré par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'injecteur de carburant, qui est inférieur à l'angle d'ouverture a1 de la surface d'étanchéité (16, 26) placée en amont.
EP99924908A 1998-05-08 1999-05-07 Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP1076772B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19820513A DE19820513A1 (de) 1998-05-08 1998-05-08 Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE19820513 1998-05-08
PCT/EP1999/003160 WO1999058844A1 (fr) 1998-05-08 1999-05-07 Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1076772A1 EP1076772A1 (fr) 2001-02-21
EP1076772B1 true EP1076772B1 (fr) 2002-10-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99924908A Expired - Lifetime EP1076772B1 (fr) 1998-05-08 1999-05-07 Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6427932B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1076772B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19820513A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999058844A1 (fr)

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US6427932B1 (en) 2002-08-06
EP1076772A1 (fr) 2001-02-21
DE59902943D1 (de) 2002-11-07
WO1999058844A1 (fr) 1999-11-18
DE19820513A1 (de) 1999-11-11

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