EP1076772A1 - Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne

Info

Publication number
EP1076772A1
EP1076772A1 EP99924908A EP99924908A EP1076772A1 EP 1076772 A1 EP1076772 A1 EP 1076772A1 EP 99924908 A EP99924908 A EP 99924908A EP 99924908 A EP99924908 A EP 99924908A EP 1076772 A1 EP1076772 A1 EP 1076772A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
fuel injection
injection nozzle
needle tip
opening angle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99924908A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1076772B1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Danckert
Bernhard Schütz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH
MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Friedrichshafen GmbH
MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH, MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Friedrichshafen GmbH, MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH filed Critical MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH
Publication of EP1076772A1 publication Critical patent/EP1076772A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1076772B1 publication Critical patent/EP1076772B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1873—Valve seats or member ends having circumferential grooves or ridges, e.g. toroidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, in particular a common rail injection system, in which the injection nozzle is permanently acted upon by fuel held at high pressure in a preliminary store, the fuel injection nozzle having a nozzle needle coupled to an actuating element which serves to control a nozzle opening process Contains the needle tip and a valve seat interacting with the needle tip of the nozzle needle, the valve seat having a conical sealing surface with an opening angle ⁇ _ and the needle tip having a conical sealing surface with an opening angle 2 in the closed state of the injection valve, and the needle tip and needle housing delimiting an annular flow channel.
  • a problem with fuel injection nozzles of this type is that severe damage due to cavitation below the valve seat on the nozzle needle tip and needle housing, which can lead to leaks in the valve seat and failure of the nozzle, can often be found after a short running time. Such cavitation damage is particularly noticeable in common rail injection systems because, due to the permanent application of the high pressure of the fuel held in the preliminary storage, significantly longer cavitation phases occur during the opening and closing of the injection nozzle, compared to injection nozzles of conventional fuel injection systems.
  • a fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines is known, which is provided for a conventional injection system and in which an annular groove is provided in the sealing surface of the needle tip interacting with the valve seat, which serves to form a turbulent boundary layer of the flow. Downstream of the sealing surface, a convex-shaped lateral surface section is initially provided on the needle tip, followed by a concave-shaped lateral surface section. This should prevent the tendency for the flow to separate 2
  • the area of the valve passage is reduced and the flow or the jet formation can be improved.
  • DE 196 34 933 AI shows a fuel injection valve in which two regions of a valve sealing surface which have different cone angles have a groove-shaped widening in the transition downstream of the valve seat.
  • the extension serves to increase the metering accuracy of the injection quantity by creating a defined position of the sealing edge.
  • DE 195 47 423 AI also uses groove-shaped extensions below the valve seat in the nozzle body or nozzle needle in order to produce a defined contact line.
  • the circumferential radial recess which is an extension, is very flat and is specified as 0.01 to 0.06 mm. It can be assumed that this expansion increases the cavitation and affects the nozzle needle and the nozzle body by erosion in the adjacent walls, which ultimately leads to the destruction of the injection valve.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fuel injection nozzle which is less susceptible to cavitation damage in the region of the valve seat on the nozzle needle and needle housing.
  • the invention provides a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, in particular a common rail injection system, in which the injection nozzle is permanently acted upon by fuel held at high pressure in a preliminary store.
  • the fuel injection nozzle contains a nozzle needle with a needle tip, which nozzle is coupled to an actuating element that controls an opening operation of the nozzle, and a valve seat that interacts with the needle tip of the nozzle needle, the valve seat having a conical sealing surface with an opening angle cci and the needle tip having a conical one in the closed state of the injection valve
  • Needle housing limit an annular flow channel. It is provided that the opening angle ⁇ 2 of the sealing surface of the needle tip is smaller than the opening angle ⁇ _ of the sealing surface of the valve seat, and that an expansion of the annular flow channel between the needle tip and the needle housing is formed in the flow direction of the fuel following the sealing surfaces, such that the Extension as
  • Cavitation space is formed in which the implosion of cavitation bubbles takes place away from the wall. That is, the size and shape of the cavitation space are deliberately kept so that the cavitation bubbles are guided and disintegrate at a distance from the walls of the annular flow channel formed by the nozzle needle and needle housing, and there is therefore no erosion of the walls.
  • the narrowest point of the needle seal seat is at the downstream end, where cavitation forms in a defined manner, the cavitation bubbles of which in the subsequent expansion then have no possibility of being deposited on the wall of the needle tip or needle housing and therefore cannot cause any damage. Since cavitation on the nozzle needle is more critical than on the needle housing, it may be sufficient to carry out the expansion preferably in such a way that cavitation bubbles disintegrate at least away from the nozzle needle. Erosion at the nozzle needle affects the function of the injection valve by changing the opening behavior.
  • the expansion of the flow channel between the needle tip and the needle housing is provided immediately following the sealing surfaces of the needle tip and valve seat.
  • the expansion of the flow channel between the needle tip and the needle housing is preferably formed by a concave cross-section of at least one of the surfaces of the needle tip and the needle housing.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of this provides that the concave course of the surface of the needle tip and / or needle housing is formed by a radius. 4
  • the concave course of the surface on the upstream side merges with an edge into the sealing surface of the needle tip and / or valve seat.
  • the concave course of the surface on the downstream side merges with an edge into the surface of the needle tip and / or needle housing.
  • an expansion of the flow channel with a concave course is provided on the surface of the needle tip and needle housing, and that the center of the expansion of the needle housing with the valve closed relative to the center of the expansion of the needle tip is offset upstream.
  • the needle housing and the needle tip are formed by the same radii.
  • the opening angle ⁇ _ of the valve seat is advantageously between 50 ° and 60 °, preferably between 55 ° and 65 °.
  • the opening angle of the valve seat is around 60 °.
  • the opening angle 2 of the sealing surface of the needle tip is advantageously between 0.5 ° and 3 °, preferably between 1 ° and 2 °, smaller than the opening angle ⁇ _ of the valve seat.
  • Needle tip is formed upstream of the sealing surface, a transition surface which has an angle 3 between that of the needle body and that of the sealing surface of the nozzle needle. This transition surface improves the flow behavior at the transition from the needle body to the sealing surface.
  • This transition surface is advantageously formed by a conical surface.
  • the transition surface is preferably designed such that it approximately halves the angle between the sealing surface of the nozzle needle and the needle body.
  • the needle tip has a tapering end section. This has the advantage that the end of the nozzle needle extends far into a blind hole formed at the downstream end of the needle housing, as a result of which the blind hole volume is reduced.
  • the tapered end section is preferably formed by a cone.
  • the cone forming the tapering end section has an opening angle ⁇ 4 that is smaller than the opening angle 2 of the sealing surface of the needle tip.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 4 of the end section is advantageously between 40 ° and 65 °, preferably between 50 ° and 55 °.
  • the needle tip upstream of the sealing surface has a bead-shaped section which is widened compared to the diameter of the needle body.
  • This bead-shaped section can be formed by successive conical and / or cylindrical ring surfaces.
  • the bead-shaped section can be formed by a lenticular or spherical surface.
  • the diameter of the bead-shaped section is advantageously 1.05 times to 1.2 times, preferably 1.1 times to 1.15 times the diameter of the needle body of the nozzle needle.
  • the longitudinal extent of the bead-shaped section in the direction of the needle axis is advantageously 0.2 times to 0.6 times, preferably 0.25 to 0.35 times the diameter of the needle body of the nozzle needle.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional side view of a fuel injection nozzle in the area of the needle tip according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional side view of a fuel injection nozzle in the region of the needle tip according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the needle tip of the nozzle needle of the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 with an enlarged detail X;
  • FIG. 4 shows the needle tip of the nozzle needle of the second exemplary embodiment from FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale
  • Figure 5 shows the needle tip of a nozzle needle according to a third embodiment of the invention with details X and Y.
  • FIG. 1 shows the sectional side view of an injection nozzle of a common rail injection system in the region of the needle tip of the nozzle needle.
  • a nozzle needle the needle body of which is provided with the reference number 11, is displaceably mounted in the axial direction.
  • a conical sealing surface 13 which cooperates with the sealing surface 16 of a valve seat 15 provided on the needle housing 14 in the sense of opening and closing the injection nozzle when the nozzle needle 11 moves.
  • the nozzle needle 11 is coupled to an actuating element which serves to control a nozzle opening process and which is not shown in the figure.
  • a blind hole 110 is formed in the needle housing 14, from which injection openings 120 emanate, which serve to inject the fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the needle tip 12 of the nozzle needle 11 is provided with an end section 121 in the form of a tapered cone which extends deep into the blind hole 110. Between the sealing surface 13 and the conical end section 121, an enlargement of the annular flow channel 17 formed between the needle tip 12 and the needle housing 14 is produced on the surface of the needle tip 12 in the form of a course 19 with a concave cross section.
  • a transition surface 111 is formed between the sealing surface 13 and the needle body 11, which has an angle ⁇ 3 and essentially halves the angle between the cylindrical outer surface of the needle body 11 and the sealing surface 13.
  • the sealing surface 16 of the valve seat 15 has an opening angle ⁇ _, which is 60 ° in the illustrated embodiment, while the sealing surface 13 of the needle tip 12 has an opening angle 2 , which is smaller than the opening angle ⁇ _ of the sealing surface 16 of the valve seat 15 and in the illustrated Embodiment is 58.5 °.
  • the narrowest point of the needle sealing seat is thus between the sealing surface 13 of the nozzle needle tip 12 and the sealing surface 16 of the valve seat 15 in the front region of the needle tip 12, which means an inverse seat angle difference compared to conventional sealing seat geometries.
  • the annular flow channel 17 formed between the needle tip 12 and the needle housing 14 widens through the concave courses 18, 19, as a result of which a “cavitation trap” or cavitation space for the cavitation bubbles is formed 8 are formed due to the inverse seat angle difference in a defined manner at the narrowest point of the needle seal seat immediately upstream of the concave courses 18, 19.
  • a conventional needle tip geometry such is shown in dashed lines in FIG.
  • the recess on the nozzle needle and needle housing represents a sudden expansion in which cavitation bubbles form.
  • the recess is designed or dimensioned such that the subsequent implosion of the cavitation bubbles does not take place in the immediate vicinity of the walls, but rather in the middle of the flow or at least at a distance from the nozzle needle.
  • the gap width formed by the expansion is more than 0.05 mm at the widest point. Gap widths of 0.5 mm or more are more favorable.
  • In the downstream connection to the cavitation space follows a flow channel, the cross section of which is preferably designed such that the flow speed remains approximately constant.
  • the conical wall of the needle housing in connection with the cavitation space is preferably inclined somewhat more steeply than in the upstream region, which causes the flow to be deflected in the direction of the spray holes.
  • FIG. 3 shows the needle tip 12 of the nozzle needle 11 from FIG. 1 again enlarged.
  • the concave course 18 is formed by a radius, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is 0.5 mm. This radius forms a flute-shaped, annular recess which runs from a first edge 191 on the sealing surface 13 to a second edge 192 on the front end section 121 of the needle tip 12.
  • the concave course 18 on the inside of the needle housing 14 is likewise formed by a radius which runs from an upstream edge 181 to a downstream edge 182, compare FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows the needle tip 12 of the nozzle needle 11 from FIG. 1 again enlarged.
  • the center of the concave extension 18 is the Needle housing 14 with the valve closed offset from the center of the concave extension 19 of the needle tip 12 upstream.
  • the two extensions 18, 19 on the needle housing 14 and the needle tip 12 are formed by the same radii, so that the width of the cavitation space at the widest point is approximately 1 mm. 9
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional side view of a second exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine as part of a common rail injection system, the main components of which correspond to the fuel injection nozzle of the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • a nozzle needle is arranged so as to be displaceable in the axial direction, the needle body of which is provided with the reference symbol 21.
  • a sealing surface 23 is formed, which cooperates with a sealing surface 26 of a sealing seat 25 formed on the needle housing 24 in the sense of opening and closing the injection nozzle when the nozzle needle 21 moves.
  • a blind hole 210 is formed in the needle housing 24, from which injection openings 220 emanate which serve to inject fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • An end section 221 formed on the front side of the needle tip 22 projects into this blind hole 210.
  • a transition surface 211 is formed which has an opening angle ⁇ 3 and the angle between the needle body 21 and
  • Sealing surface 23 essentially halved. Downstream of the sealing seat formed by the sealing surfaces 23 and 26, an expansion of the annular flow channel 27 extending between the needle tip 22 and the needle housing 24 in the form of a conical shape 28 is formed on the inner surface of the needle housing 24.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 2 of the sealing surface 23 at the needle tip 22 is smaller than the opening angle ⁇ _
  • the opening angle is ⁇ .
  • the sealing surface 26 of the valve seat 25 60 ° and the opening angle ⁇ 2 of the sealing surface 23 of the needle tip 22 is 58.5 °.
  • the narrowest point of the needle sealing seat formed by the two sealing surfaces 23, 26 is thus located immediately upstream of the concave extension 28 of the needle housing 24, which forms a cavitation space or a “cavitation trap” for cavitation bubbles, which are formed in a defined manner at the narrowest point of the needle sealing seat
  • a conventional needle tip geometry such is shown in broken lines in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the needle tip 22 of the nozzle needle 21 from FIG. 2. As indicated, the opening angle ⁇ 2 of the sealing surface 23 is 58.5 ° with respect to that 10
  • the transition surface 211 has an opening angle 3 of 30 ° to 40 °, whereby the opening angle ⁇ 2 of the sealing surface 23 is substantially halved.
  • the opening angle of the end portion 221 of the needle tip 22 is 80 ° in the illustrated embodiment.
  • a bead-shaped section 320 which is widened relative to the diameter of the needle body 31 is formed on the needle tip 32 upstream of a sealing surface 33.
  • This bead-shaped section 320 is formed by successive ring surfaces 321, 322, 323, of which the ring surfaces 321 and 323 are designed as conical surfaces, while the ring surface 322 is formed in the form of a cylindrical ring surface, see detail Y.
  • the diameter of the bead-shaped section 320 is increasing its widest point, ie on the ring surface 322 around 1.15 times the diameter of the needle body 31 of the nozzle needle.
  • the longitudinal extent of the bead-shaped section 320 in the direction of the needle axis is approximately 0.25 times the diameter of the needle body 31.
  • the bead-shaped section 320 can also be provided by a lenticular or spherical surface 324, as shown in dashed lines in detail Y.
  • an extension in the form of a conical course 39 is formed, which is formed by a radius, as shown in detail X.
  • the conical extension 39 merges on the one hand with an edge 391 into the sealing surface 33 and on the other hand with an edge 392 in the end section 321 of the nozzle tip 32.
  • the sealing surface 33 of the needle tip 32 has an opening angle ⁇ 2 of 59.8 °, compared to an opening angle cX] of 60 ° the sealing surface of the valve seat of the needle housing combined therewith.
  • the opening angle ⁇ 4 of the end section 321 is 55 °.
  • the conical ring surface 323 of the bead-shaped section 320 is with an opening angle of 45 ° as a transition surface between the 11
  • Sealing surface 33 and the cylindrical annular surface 322 of the bead-shaped section 320 are formed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un injecteur de carburant pour moteur à combustion interne, notamment dans un système d'injection pour rampe d'alimentation. Cet injecteur comporte une aiguille d'injection (11) accouplée avec un élément d'actionnement servant à la commande d'un processus d'ouverture d'injecteur, cette aiguille d'injection possédant une pointe (12) et un siège de soupape (15) coopérant avec celle-ci. Le siège de soupape (15) présente une surface d'étanchéité (16) conique avec un angle d'ouverture α1, et la pointe d'aiguille (12) présente une surface d'étanchéité (13) conique avec un angle d'ouverture α2, et la pointe d'aiguille (12) et le corps d'aiguille (14) de l'injecteur délimitent un canal d'écoulement (17) annulaire. L'angle d'ouverture α2 de la surface d'étanchéité (13) de la pointe d'aiguille (12) est inférieur à l'angle d'ouverture α1 de la surface d'étanchéité (16) du siège de soupape (15), et dans le sens d'écoulement du carburant est ménagé, en aval des surfaces d'étanchéité (13, 16) de la pointe d'aiguille (12) et du siège de soupape (15), un élargissement (18, 19) dudit canal d'écoulement (17) annulaire, qui fait office de chambre de cavitation. Cette chambre de cavitation est configurée et dimensionnée de sorte que la cavitation s'y produise de manière appropriée, mais que les bulles de cavitation se désagrègent à distance de la paroi.
EP99924908A 1998-05-08 1999-05-07 Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP1076772B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19820513 1998-05-08
DE19820513A DE19820513A1 (de) 1998-05-08 1998-05-08 Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse für eine Brennkraftmaschine
PCT/EP1999/003160 WO1999058844A1 (fr) 1998-05-08 1999-05-07 Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1076772A1 true EP1076772A1 (fr) 2001-02-21
EP1076772B1 EP1076772B1 (fr) 2002-10-02

Family

ID=7867026

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99924908A Expired - Lifetime EP1076772B1 (fr) 1998-05-08 1999-05-07 Injecteur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6427932B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1076772B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19820513A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999058844A1 (fr)

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WO1999058844A1 (fr) 1999-11-18
DE19820513A1 (de) 1999-11-11
DE59902943D1 (de) 2002-11-07
US6427932B1 (en) 2002-08-06
EP1076772B1 (fr) 2002-10-02

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