EP1067084A1 - Dispositif et méthode pour éviter les glissements et les oscillations verticales sur des appareils de prise de charge pour des installations de transport vertical - Google Patents

Dispositif et méthode pour éviter les glissements et les oscillations verticales sur des appareils de prise de charge pour des installations de transport vertical Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1067084A1
EP1067084A1 EP00112866A EP00112866A EP1067084A1 EP 1067084 A1 EP1067084 A1 EP 1067084A1 EP 00112866 A EP00112866 A EP 00112866A EP 00112866 A EP00112866 A EP 00112866A EP 1067084 A1 EP1067084 A1 EP 1067084A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
vertical
brake
attached
load suspension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00112866A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1067084B1 (fr
EP1067084A8 (fr
Inventor
Claudio Dipl.-Ing. De Angelis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to EP00112866A priority Critical patent/EP1067084B1/fr
Publication of EP1067084A1 publication Critical patent/EP1067084A1/fr
Publication of EP1067084A8 publication Critical patent/EP1067084A8/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1067084B1 publication Critical patent/EP1067084B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B17/00—Hoistway equipment
    • B66B17/34—Safe lift clips; Keps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/02—Cages, i.e. cars
    • B66B11/026—Attenuation system for shocks, vibrations, imbalance, e.g. passengers on the same side
    • B66B11/0293—Suspension locking or inhibiting means to avoid movement when car is stopped at a floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a Vertical displacement prevention method and Vertical vibrations on load handling devices of vertical conveyors during its standstill, which is the desired one Achieve the effect that the load handler during the floor stops by means of a braking device Friction is held on its guide rails and if there is a corresponding control command this Friction is canceled.
  • EP 0 346 195 discloses an electromagnetically actuated caliper brake which is designed, inter alia, to connect the car or the counterweight of an elevator to its guide rails in a friction-locked manner on control command.
  • the brake contains two two-armed caliper levers with a common center joint, the axis of which is fixed to the cabin or the balance weight.
  • the clamp sides of the caliper levers are covered with brake pads and encompass the guide bar of the cabin or counterweight guide rails.
  • the opposite drive ends of the caliper levers are spread by a compression spring, which creates the clamping force between the brake pads and the web of the guide rail on the other caliper side.
  • a tension magnet is arranged concentrically to the expanding compression spring, which overcomes the force of the compression spring when the current flows and thus opens the brake caliper.
  • the disclosed braking device is intended in particular as a holding brake for counterweights or cabins of linear motor-driven elevators, and the claims essentially relate to the design of an integrated damping element for preventing switching shocks and switching noises caused by the pull magnet.
  • load suspension devices tend to vertical vibrations during standstill, which are excited by the stopping process, by changes in load or by the described leveling processes.
  • Vertical displacements as well as vibrations of the load handler in passenger lifts can cause unpleasant sensations to the point of being frightened.
  • the level differences between the cabin floor and the landing door sill of a passenger elevator can cause tripping accidents for passengers getting on and off.
  • the situation described can be improved by frictionally holding the load handler to its Guide rails can be reached.
  • the present invention has for its object a too brave on the braking device attached to the load handler, the vertical displacement problems described above and vertical vibrations of the load handler solves without compromising driving comfort, in particular without opening the brake to continue the load handler to cause a jerk.
  • the attachment or use of the braking device according to the invention which is attached to the load suspension device and has an integrated recording of the holding forces, has significant advantages. Measuring the holding forces directly on the braking device is technically advantageous because it enables the effectively existing holding forces to be precisely recorded and compensated for, while all indirectly acting methods for relieving the brake involve several sources of error.
  • a perfect brake relief before starting to continue is not generated here by generating a control system from a torque detection when stopping and a measurement the payload difference calculated during the floor stop Preload torque enabled by the drive unit, but by having this torque through before starting the drive unit built up continuously so far until one by the load measuring sensors on the load suspension device attached brake device formed measuring bridge is balanced, d. H. until this braking device is perfectly relieved. Deviations due to friction and due to errors in the payload measurement as well as by Inaccuracies in the generation of a calculated one The corresponding torque is the default value for this method locked out.
  • the inventive, on the load suspension device attached brake device the usual holding brake on the Replace drive unit, but also an operation with both braking devices is possible.
  • the braking device attached to the load suspension device the holding forces recorded in the up and down direction
  • Load situations provide enough information to pre continue driving this brake device completely relieve pressure and thus enable a smooth start-up.
  • the detection of the holding forces in the up and down direction is required for two reasons.
  • the on Load suspension device attached braking device for example by boarding or disembarking passengers, in different ways Direction charged.
  • the drive unit is the direction of loading on the Load suspension device attached braking device depends on whether the weight of the load handler and current Payload greater or smaller than that of the counterweight is.
  • the integration of the measuring elements in the unit of the load suspension device attached braking device allows one simple, sandwiched with other cabin components combined attachment of this device to the cabin.
  • a toggle mechanism has the advantage of being powerful of the lifting mechanism with simple means in many cases is reinforced and no permanent holding force in the braking state the lifting mechanism is required. It is therefore, too taking into account power failures, lifting mechanisms applicable, which are activated without a preloaded spring for a short time Closing and opening strokes work such.
  • An important advantage of this invention is that that the future use of suspension elements made of plastic fibers (e.g. aramid fiber ropes or flat belts) in problems to be expected with regard to vertical displacements and vibrations during floor stops by using the load suspension device according to the invention attached braking device can be avoided can.
  • plastic fibers e.g. aramid fiber ropes or flat belts
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of an inventive Cabin brake device 1 shown. On the left you can see a cabin guide rail 2 that is common in elevator construction which the braking device acts.
  • the cabin brake device 1 essentially consists of a cuboid housing 3, a brake caliper support 4 fixed therein with two brake caliper hinge bolts 5, the brake calipers 6 with brake caliper hub 6.1 and brake pad carrier 6.2, the brake pads 7, a toggle lever mechanism 8, as a lifting magnet, hydraulic cylinder or Lifting spindle motor designed lifting mechanism 9 and a compression spring 10.
  • it contains strain gauges 11 with which the holding forces of the brake calipers are recorded.
  • the holding effect of the cabin brake device is achieved in that the compression spring 10 spreads the drive levers of the brake calipers 6 which can be pivoted about the brake caliper joint bolts 5 via the toggle lever mechanism 8 and thus presses the brake-side lever thereof with the brake pads 7 against the running surface of the guide rail.
  • the toggle lever mechanism increases the spring force.
  • the drawn position of the cabin brake device corresponds to the state in which it holds the cabin frictionally on the guide rails 2.
  • the cabin brake device is released in that the controllable lifting mechanism 9 overcomes the biasing force of the compression spring 10, brings the toggle lever mechanism 8 into a bent position, thereby relieving the brake calipers 6 and moving the brake pads at a sufficient distance from the guide rail 2.
  • a device which enables the effective length of the extended toggle levers to be adjusted by means of screws.
  • FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through the cabin brake device 1.
  • the cabin guide rail 2, the base plate 12 and the cover plate 13 of the housing 3, the brake caliper support 4 with the brake caliper joint bolts 5, the brake caliper 6 with brake caliper hub 6.1 and brake pad carrier 6.2 are shown, a cross section through the toggle mechanism 8 and the lifting mechanism 9 and the compression spring 1o.
  • the mode of action of the detection of the holding forces on the cabin brake device according to the invention can be seen here.
  • the housing 3 shows an alternative solution to that described above Method of detection on the cabin brake device adjacent holding forces shown.
  • the housing 3 contains one with it here connected metallic guide carrier 14, the two plate-shaped Boom 15, each containing two holes 16, which are used as play-free guides for the brake caliper joint bolts 5 serve.
  • the arms 15 act as a parallelogram guide for these bolts, which are Cross pin 17 fixed to the brake caliper hub 6.1 of the brake caliper 6 connected and on the other hand axially via piezoelectric Pressure sensors 18 against the base plate 12 and the cover plate 13 are supported.
  • Fig. 4 shows the application and installation of a car brake device according to the invention in a conventional elevator system. Shown are an elevator shaft 20 with car guide rails 2 installed therein, a machine room 21 containing a drive unit 22 with traction sheave 23, an elevator car 24 with car frame 25, a counterweight 26 and suspension means 27 which connect and support the car and the counterweight and are in turn driven by the traction sheave 23. Attached to the cabin frame 25 are roller guide units 28 for guiding the cabin 24 on the cabin guide rails 2, safety catch devices 29 and the cabin braking devices 1 according to the invention. These components are designed in such a way that they can be flanged to one another and to the cabin frame using suitable connecting parts. With this technology, in the case of very heavy cabins, two or more cabin braking devices can also be installed one below the other.
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred arrangement of two cabin braking devices 1, in which a common compression spring 30 via a connecting rod 32 and the toggle mechanisms 8 both brake devices are actuated and a common, on the cabin frame attached lifting mechanism 31 against this the compression spring 30 releases, which ensures synchronous function and one-sided braking is excluded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)
  • Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
EP00112866A 1999-06-25 2000-06-19 Dispositif et méthode pour éviter les glissements et les oscillations verticales sur des appareils de prise de charge pour des installations de transport vertical Expired - Lifetime EP1067084B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00112866A EP1067084B1 (fr) 1999-06-25 2000-06-19 Dispositif et méthode pour éviter les glissements et les oscillations verticales sur des appareils de prise de charge pour des installations de transport vertical

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99810561 1999-06-25
EP99810561 1999-06-25
EP00112866A EP1067084B1 (fr) 1999-06-25 2000-06-19 Dispositif et méthode pour éviter les glissements et les oscillations verticales sur des appareils de prise de charge pour des installations de transport vertical

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1067084A1 true EP1067084A1 (fr) 2001-01-10
EP1067084A8 EP1067084A8 (fr) 2001-03-14
EP1067084B1 EP1067084B1 (fr) 2004-12-08

Family

ID=8242896

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00112866A Expired - Lifetime EP1067084B1 (fr) 1999-06-25 2000-06-19 Dispositif et méthode pour éviter les glissements et les oscillations verticales sur des appareils de prise de charge pour des installations de transport vertical

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US6318505B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1067084B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001019292A (fr)
KR (1) KR100720882B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1157323C (fr)
AR (1) AR024471A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE284365T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU765263B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR0002873A (fr)
CA (1) CA2312595C (fr)
DE (1) DE50008884D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1067084T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2233245T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1034237A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL136785A (fr)
MX (1) MXPA00006285A (fr)
MY (1) MY122758A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ505401A (fr)
PT (1) PT1067084E (fr)
SG (1) SG85192A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW553884B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200003091B (fr)

Cited By (21)

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WO2002064990A1 (fr) * 2001-02-12 2002-08-22 Knorr-Bremse Dispositif de serrage de frein electromecanique
EP1439144A2 (fr) * 2003-01-14 2004-07-21 Aufzugswerke M. Schmitt & Sohn GmbH & Co. Dispositif de freinage pour un ascenseur
EP1460021A1 (fr) * 2001-10-30 2004-09-22 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif elevateur
US7234567B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2007-06-26 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Brake tensioning device comprising shearing force measuring bolt
US7398863B2 (en) 2002-09-23 2008-07-15 Inventio Ag Safety device for elevators
EP2033925A1 (fr) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-11 Inventio Ag Cabine d'ascenseur, ascenseur comprenant une telle cabine d'ascenseur et procédé pour la commande d'une cabine d'ascenseur
EP2050706A1 (fr) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-22 Cobianchi Liftteile Ag Dispositif de fixation
WO2011113754A1 (fr) * 2010-03-18 2011-09-22 Inventio Ag Actionneur pour un dispositif de freinage et une installation d'ascenseur
DE102011053178B3 (de) * 2011-08-31 2012-11-29 Klaus-Peter Kapp Reibungsbremse mit einer senkrecht zur Zuspannrichtung wirkenden Aktoreinheit
EP2688825A1 (fr) 2011-03-22 2014-01-29 Otis Elevator Company Système de freinage d'ascenseur
EP2693511A1 (fr) 2011-03-31 2014-02-05 NEC Energy Devices, Inc. Bloc-batterie
DE102013111385A1 (de) 2013-10-15 2015-04-16 Manfred Lienemann Auslösevorrichtung einer Fangvorrichtung für eine Aufzugskabine einer Aufzugsanlage
CN104981423A (zh) * 2013-02-12 2015-10-14 因温特奥股份公司 对电梯设备的电梯轿厢的竖向振动的缓冲
DE202015104095U1 (de) 2015-08-05 2016-11-09 Wittur Holding Gmbh Aufzug mit Bremseinrichtung nach Art einer Zangenbremse
US10093516B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2018-10-09 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Elevator having a braking device
WO2019185569A1 (fr) 2018-03-28 2019-10-03 Inventio Ag Frein à mâchoires pour un système d'ascenseur, qui fait office en particulier de frein de maintien et de sécurité
US10442662B2 (en) 2013-12-19 2019-10-15 Inventio Ag Caliper brake for elevator systems
US10450165B2 (en) 2014-04-03 2019-10-22 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Elevator with a braking device
US20200002122A1 (en) * 2017-04-12 2020-01-02 Kone Corporation Method and elevator
CN111908295A (zh) * 2019-05-08 2020-11-10 奥的斯电梯公司 用于安全制动器的安装设备
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KR100951518B1 (ko) * 2003-10-07 2010-04-07 오티스 엘리베이터 컴파니 원격 리셋 가능한 로프 없는 엘리베이터용 비상 정지 장치
WO2005087643A1 (fr) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-22 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de freinage pour ascenseur
KR100793498B1 (ko) * 2004-03-15 2008-01-14 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 엘리베이터의 제동장치
WO2005115904A1 (fr) * 2004-05-25 2005-12-08 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'arrêt d'urgence d'élévateur
DE202004017585U1 (de) * 2004-11-12 2005-01-20 Hydraulik-Liftsysteme Walter Mayer Gmbh Geführte Hebeeinrichtung mit Festhalte- und Fangvorrichtung
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JP5371718B2 (ja) * 2009-12-02 2013-12-18 株式会社日立製作所 エレベーター
EP2655233B1 (fr) * 2010-12-22 2017-04-26 Otis Elevator Company Amortisseur à frictions pour réduire le mouvement de cabine d'ascenseur
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JP2013086933A (ja) * 2011-10-19 2013-05-13 Hitachi Ltd エレベーター装置
EP2807392B1 (fr) * 2012-01-25 2018-08-22 Harbo&Hintze S.M.B.A. Dispositif permettant de commander une force de serrage
RU2607906C2 (ru) 2012-03-20 2017-01-11 Инвенцио Аг Ловитель лифта
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WO2013190342A1 (fr) 2012-06-20 2013-12-27 Otis Elevator Company Amortissement actif des oscillations verticales d'une cabine d'ascenseur
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EP3623335B1 (fr) * 2018-09-12 2021-06-16 KONE Corporation Agencement de support de câble de man uvre d'un ascenseur et procédé
TWI683779B (zh) * 2018-11-02 2020-02-01 李以仁 電梯防暴衝裝置
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JP6880515B2 (ja) * 2019-05-28 2021-06-02 フジテック株式会社 エレベータ
WO2021084012A1 (fr) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Inventio Ag Dispositif de frein pour cabine d'ascenseur, comprenant un dispositif de mesure de charge intégré, son utilisation dans un système d'ascenseur, et procédé
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EP0183616A2 (fr) * 1984-11-23 1986-06-04 Otis Elevator Company Frein de sécurité pour ascenseur
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WO2002064990A1 (fr) * 2001-02-12 2002-08-22 Knorr-Bremse Dispositif de serrage de frein electromecanique
US6957571B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2005-10-25 Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fur Schienenfahrzeuge Gmbh Electro mechanical brake tightening device
EP1460021A4 (fr) * 2001-10-30 2008-11-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Dispositif elevateur
EP1460021A1 (fr) * 2001-10-30 2004-09-22 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif elevateur
US7398863B2 (en) 2002-09-23 2008-07-15 Inventio Ag Safety device for elevators
US7234567B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2007-06-26 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Brake tensioning device comprising shearing force measuring bolt
EP1439144A3 (fr) * 2003-01-14 2008-08-27 Aufzugswerke M. Schmitt & Sohn GmbH & Co. Dispositif de freinage pour un ascenseur
EP1439144A2 (fr) * 2003-01-14 2004-07-21 Aufzugswerke M. Schmitt & Sohn GmbH & Co. Dispositif de freinage pour un ascenseur
EP2033925A1 (fr) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-11 Inventio Ag Cabine d'ascenseur, ascenseur comprenant une telle cabine d'ascenseur et procédé pour la commande d'une cabine d'ascenseur
EP2050706A1 (fr) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-22 Cobianchi Liftteile Ag Dispositif de fixation
WO2011113754A1 (fr) * 2010-03-18 2011-09-22 Inventio Ag Actionneur pour un dispositif de freinage et une installation d'ascenseur
US8991561B2 (en) 2010-03-18 2015-03-31 Inventio Ag Elevator braking equipment
EP2688825A1 (fr) 2011-03-22 2014-01-29 Otis Elevator Company Système de freinage d'ascenseur
EP2693511A1 (fr) 2011-03-31 2014-02-05 NEC Energy Devices, Inc. Bloc-batterie
DE102011053178B3 (de) * 2011-08-31 2012-11-29 Klaus-Peter Kapp Reibungsbremse mit einer senkrecht zur Zuspannrichtung wirkenden Aktoreinheit
WO2013030347A2 (fr) 2011-08-31 2013-03-07 Rg Mechatronics Gmbh Frein à friction doté d'une unité actionneur agissant perpendiculairement à la direction d'application du frein
CN104981423A (zh) * 2013-02-12 2015-10-14 因温特奥股份公司 对电梯设备的电梯轿厢的竖向振动的缓冲
DE102013111385A1 (de) 2013-10-15 2015-04-16 Manfred Lienemann Auslösevorrichtung einer Fangvorrichtung für eine Aufzugskabine einer Aufzugsanlage
US10442662B2 (en) 2013-12-19 2019-10-15 Inventio Ag Caliper brake for elevator systems
US10450165B2 (en) 2014-04-03 2019-10-22 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Elevator with a braking device
US10093516B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2018-10-09 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Elevator having a braking device
DE202015104095U1 (de) 2015-08-05 2016-11-09 Wittur Holding Gmbh Aufzug mit Bremseinrichtung nach Art einer Zangenbremse
EP3127848A1 (fr) 2015-08-05 2017-02-08 Wittur Holding GmbH Ascenseur équipé d'un dispositif de frein de type frein à pince
US10167171B2 (en) 2015-08-05 2019-01-01 Wittur Holding Gmbh Elevator with brake device in the manner of a clamp brake
US11554932B2 (en) * 2017-04-12 2023-01-17 Kone Corporation Method and elevator
US20200002122A1 (en) * 2017-04-12 2020-01-02 Kone Corporation Method and elevator
WO2019185569A1 (fr) 2018-03-28 2019-10-03 Inventio Ag Frein à mâchoires pour un système d'ascenseur, qui fait office en particulier de frein de maintien et de sécurité
US11608247B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2023-03-21 Inventio Ag Caliper brake for an elevator system used as a holding and safety brake
CN111908295A (zh) * 2019-05-08 2020-11-10 奥的斯电梯公司 用于安全制动器的安装设备
CN111908295B (zh) * 2019-05-08 2023-04-18 奥的斯电梯公司 电梯轿厢或配重
CN112723058A (zh) * 2021-01-04 2021-04-30 罗三定 一种升降平台不等式平层系统

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DK1067084T3 (da) 2005-03-21
EP1067084B1 (fr) 2004-12-08
PT1067084E (pt) 2005-04-29
CA2312595C (fr) 2007-12-18
CN1279208A (zh) 2001-01-10
JP2001019292A (ja) 2001-01-23
EP1067084A8 (fr) 2001-03-14
DE50008884D1 (de) 2005-01-13
NZ505401A (en) 2001-11-30
HK1034237A1 (en) 2001-10-19
KR20010007506A (ko) 2001-01-26
ATE284365T1 (de) 2004-12-15
IL136785A0 (en) 2001-06-14
AU765263B2 (en) 2003-09-11
MY122758A (en) 2006-05-31
CN1157323C (zh) 2004-07-14
MXPA00006285A (es) 2002-03-08
ZA200003091B (en) 2001-01-17
AU4264900A (en) 2001-01-04
CA2312595A1 (fr) 2000-12-25
TW553884B (en) 2003-09-21
BR0002873A (pt) 2001-01-30
US6318505B1 (en) 2001-11-20
KR100720882B1 (ko) 2007-05-22
AR024471A1 (es) 2002-10-02
IL136785A (en) 2003-11-23
SG85192A1 (en) 2001-12-19

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