EP1043130B1 - Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von synthetischen oder natürlichen organischen Materialien, wie z.B. Holz - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von synthetischen oder natürlichen organischen Materialien, wie z.B. Holz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1043130B1
EP1043130B1 EP00400832A EP00400832A EP1043130B1 EP 1043130 B1 EP1043130 B1 EP 1043130B1 EP 00400832 A EP00400832 A EP 00400832A EP 00400832 A EP00400832 A EP 00400832A EP 1043130 B1 EP1043130 B1 EP 1043130B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blades
wheel
blocks
basket
towards
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00400832A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1043130A1 (de
Inventor
Rony Callens
Dominique Sentagnes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dimetal
Original Assignee
Dimetal
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dimetal filed Critical Dimetal
Publication of EP1043130A1 publication Critical patent/EP1043130A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1043130B1 publication Critical patent/EP1043130B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
    • B02C13/06—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/08—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor and acting as a fan

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine, of the type peripheral and percussive trash bin, designed to defiber raw blocks of organic matter natural, such as wood, or synthetic such a polymer or a derived material.
  • defibrate denotes here indifferently any operation including cutting, breaking up, reduce or calibrate the treated material. So, in the case of wood, the products obtained may particular, as the case may be, in the form of chips, chips or fibers.
  • the term “before” refers to the direction of rotation of the wheel impactful and the terms “inside” and “outside” mean respectively “close to the axis of the wheel” and “away from the axis of the wheel”.
  • the machine the invention can in particular be used to obtain fibers intended for the subsequent manufacture of particle board, paper, etc.
  • the machine according to the invention can be used to treat or recycle certain products, as well as waste.
  • Fragmentation of blocks of organic matter such as wood is made under conditions optimal when the three parameters that are the tangential cutting speed, the speed of advance of product and the protrusion of the cutting blades are controlled.
  • the machines for Peripheral basket and percussive wheel include a static or rotating basket, including a region device is provided with oriented cutting devices parallel to its axis.
  • a percussive wheel which rotates at high speed (usually between 500 revolutions / min and 1500 rpm), is mounted coaxially to inside the trash. This wheel is equipped with blades near the cutters.
  • the blocks of material to defibrant are introduced in the central part of the wheel, where they fall by gravity.
  • the blocks of matter are then struck at high speed by the blades of the percussion wheel, which drives them in rotation.
  • the blades 1 of the percussive wheel of such a machine are planes and located in radial planes containing the axis of rotation of the wheel. Therefore, when the inner end of a blade 1 hits one blocks B of material to be defibrated, it applies on this block a F1 strike force oriented in one direction circumferential with respect to the wheel.
  • F1 strike force oriented in one direction circumferential with respect to the wheel.
  • F2 centrifugal force
  • the speed of advance of the blocks of material B to the cutters 2 stems from the centrifugal force applied to the blocks. It decreases therefore in proportion to the reduction in the volume of these during the grinding operation.
  • this type of machine does not allow not currently working in conditions optimal, with regard to the performance of the machine, the quality of the finished product obtained after grinding, and the wear of the blades.
  • the document FR-A-2 411 033 shows a machine with peripheral basket and percussive wheel in which the inner end portion of each of the blades of the wheel makes an angle towards the front, about 15 °, with respect to the radius according to which is oriented the main part of the blade.
  • This arrangement does not significantly reduce the adverse effects of slowing down blocks of quality of the finished products obtained and wear of the blades mentioned above.
  • production is still limited by the slowdown in blocks of matter due to the orientation of the force of typing applied on these blocks by the terminal parts inside the blades, and by the significant wear of these end parts that follows from the impacts.
  • the subject of the invention is precisely a machine of the type with peripheral basket and percussive wheel, whose original design allows it to ensure defibration of blocks of a material such as under optimized conditions compared to existing machinery, in particular to increase the production, reduce wear and ensure better quality of the product obtained after defibration.
  • a machine to defibrate blocks natural or synthetic organic matter comprising a basket including a peripheral region is equipped with cutting members, and a percussive wheel, able to turn coaxially inside the trash and provided with blades near the organs of cutting machine characterized in that each of the blades is curving progressively forward, since a first part oriented substantially radially until a second part that extends the first part, without discontinuity, towards the interior of the wheel, the end of the second part being oriented in a substantially circumferential direction by relative to the wheel, so as to accelerate progressively the blocks to be defibrated towards the cutting members, for sliding on said blade.
  • the first contact between a block of material to be defibrated and a pale of the percussive wheel is characterized by the application on the block an initial force directed substantially radially outwardly of the percussive wheel, that is to say to the cutters of the basket.
  • This initial force is superimposed on the centrifugal force and the fan effect.
  • this last effect is amplified by the particular shape of the blades. This has the effect of significantly accelerating the advance of the blocks of material to the cutters. Therefore, the production efficiency of the machine is substantially improved compared to machines existing ones of the same.type.
  • the curved shape given to the inner end part of each of the blades has for effect of significantly reducing the impact of the blocks on the blades. Therefore, the wear of these is significantly reduced and the product obtained after defibrage presents a better quality.
  • the first part of each blade is a main part flat and the second part is a curved end portion which extends tangentially the main part is flat.
  • each blades present in section substantially the shape a quarter circle.
  • each blade advantageously, on its front face, a bevel gradually curved backward, getting closer cutting organs.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to force the smallest and lightest blocks to the cutters, to compensate for the decrease centrifugal force due to mass reduction that occurs during the grinding operation.
  • each of the blades is integrally formed on a removable part. This arrangement makes it possible to adapt the profile of the blades to the different types of materials to be defibrated, while allowing their replacement in case of wear.
  • the machine comprises a frame 10, which rests on the ground 12 above a well 14.
  • the frame 10 is provided with means, such as a bearing 16, able to rotatably support a basket 18 in the shape of a drum.
  • the axis 20 of the rotating basket 18 is substantially horizontal.
  • the rotating basket 18 is placed above the well 14.
  • Means (not shown) for controlling rotation of the basket 18, such as an electric motor carried by the frame 10, are provided to drive the basket 18 rotating about its axis 20, by via a shaft 24 mounted in the bearing 16.
  • the speed of rotation of the basket 18 is relatively low (for example, less than 100 rpm).
  • the basket 18 can be fixed directly to this one, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the basket 18 includes a plurality anvils 26 regularly distributed, oriented according to generators of the basket.
  • Each of these anvils 26 carries a cutting member 28 (FIGS. 4).
  • the mounting of the cutting members 28 on the anvils 26 is produced according to techniques known to man of the trade, so that it will not be detailed description.
  • a reduced game 29 ( Figure 4) is formed between the end of each cutting member 28 turned towards the inside of the machine and the anvil 26 adjacent, so as to allow only the passage of fibers of predetermined maximum dimensions.
  • each of the anvils 26 are connected to the shaft 24 by a flange 30 ( Figure 2).
  • the opposite ends of the anvils 26 are attached to a disc 32, having a circular opening 33 in its central part.
  • the frame 10 comprises a housing 34 which completely envelopes the basket 18, except from the lower part of it above the well 14.
  • the housing 34 also has an opening circular 35 in front of the circular opening 33 formed in the center of the disc 32 of the basket 18.
  • a hopper 36 is connected to the circular opening 35 formed in the housing 34, so as to allow the introduction of B blocks of organic matter to be defibrated in the central part of the basket 18.
  • the defibration machine according to the invention further comprises a percussion wheel 38, mounted coaxially inside the basket 18, so to be able to turn at high speed in the opposite direction of this one, around their common axis 20.
  • the speed of rotation of the percussive wheel 38 is, for example, between 500 rpm and 1500 rpm.
  • the impact wheel 38 is fixed on a shaft 40, rotatably supported by the shaft 24 of the basket 18.
  • the shaft 40 is driven in rotation by means (not shown) of rotation control, such as an electric motor, installed on the frame 10 outside the housing 34.
  • the impact wheel 38 In its adjacent outlying peripheral region to the anvils 26 including the cutting members 28, the impact wheel 38 is provided with blades 42, regularly spread over the entire circumference of the wheel and oriented according to generatrices thereof.
  • the blades 42 On the side of the flange 30, the blades 42 are connected to the shaft 40 by a flange 44 ( Figure 2).
  • the blades 42 At their ends opposite, the blades 42 are interconnected by a disk 46 provided with a central circular opening 47 in front of which opens the hopper 36.
  • the blocks B of matter organic to be defibrated are introduced directly into a central region of the percussive wheel 38.
  • the blades 42 present a particular form that will now be described in detail.
  • each of the blades 42 is formed of two separate pieces.
  • a first of these parts, designated by reference 48, is made in one piece with flange 44 and disk 46.
  • the second piece 50 of each of the blades 42 is a dismountable piece, fixed on the piece 48 by fastening means allowing the dismantling of the part 50, such as screws, bolts, etc.
  • the first piece 48 of each of the blades 42 is in the form of a flat plate whose facing towards the rear (considering the meaning of rotation of the percussive wheel 38, symbolized by the arrow F3 in FIGS. 3 and 4) passes through the axis of rotation 20 of said wheel.
  • the removable part 50 of each of the blades 42 is in the form of a plate attached to the front face of the piece 48, so as to completely cover this front face.
  • each of the pieces removable 50 includes a main flat part 50a, which completely covers the front face of the corresponding piece 48, from its outer edge turned to the cutting members 28 to its inner edge turned towards the axis 20.
  • This main part 50a is oriented substantially radially.
  • Each of the rooms dismountable 50 further comprises a terminal portion curved 50b which extends the main flat part 50a towards the inside of the wheel, beyond the edge of the piece 48 turned towards the axis 20.
  • the end portion 50b is curved progressively forward (relative to the direction of rotation F3 of the percussive wheel 38).
  • the curved profile of the end portion 50b forms in section an arc of a circle which extends tangentially, without discontinuity, the main flat part 50a. More specifically, in the embodiment shown, the end portion 50b present in section substantially the shape of a quarter of circle.
  • each of the blades 42 is curved progressively forward, to the end interior, the impact wheel 38 exerts on the blocks B to defibrate an attenuated force, oriented substantially radially outwardly of the wheel.
  • B blocks are first in contact with the end of the front face of the end portion 50b, which is oriented in a substantially circumferential direction by compared to the wheel.
  • the front face of the blade 42 has approximately the shape of a spoon in its terminal part towards the inside of the wheel.
  • This spoon shape has to accelerate the movement of the blocks B of material to be defibrated to the cutting members. that a block B is struck by the inner end of the front face of a blade, this block is guided and accelerated radially outwards following a path such as that materialized by the arrow F4 in Figure 4.
  • this arrangement translates also by a reduction of the wear of the blades, thanks to a lowering of the shocks B blocks on them.
  • blades 42 according to the invention also has the consequence to induce a thrust of air, directed towards the cutting members 28, substantially larger than in the machines of the prior art.
  • This thrust increased air is added to the centrifugal force and the acceleration given by the profile of the front face blades 42, to further improve the efficiency of the machine.
  • each of the dismountable parts 50 closest to the cutting members 28 presents, on its front face, the shape of a rounded bevel 50c, curved progressively towards the rear while getting closer cutting members 28. More specifically, the rounded bevel 50c presents in section a profile curved which extends tangentially and without discontinuity the flat front face of the main part 50a of the room 50.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to force the blocks of matter the smaller and lighter to the cutting organs 28. This is to compensate for the decrease in the centrifugal force resulting from the progressive reduction the mass of the blocks during the grinding operation. The addition of this feature allows thus further improving the efficiency of the machine.
  • the invention is not limited to embodiment that has just been described as example.
  • the profile of the blades of the percussive wheel may be slightly different from the profile described, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the blades can be curved on virtually any their length.
  • the blades can be made of one piece not removable.
  • the invention applies equally to a machine with a fixed basket and a machine equipped with a rotating basket.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Maschine zum Zerfasern von Blöcken (B) aus einem natürlichen oder synthetischen organischen Material, mit einem Korb (18), bei dem ein Randbereich mit Schneidorganen (28) versehen ist, und einem Schlagrad (38), das sich innen im Korb koaxial zu drehen vermag und in der Nähe der Schneidorgane (28) mit Schaufeln (42) versehen ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der Schaufeln (42) fortschreitend nach vorne hin gebogen ist, ausgehend von einem im Wesentlichen radial ausgerichteten ersten Teil (50a) bis zu einem zweiten Teil (50b), der den ersten Teil kontinuierlich nach innen in das Rad (38) verlängert, wobei das Ende des zweiten Teils (50b) in einer in Bezug auf das Rad im Wesentlichen kreislinienförmigen Richtung ausgerichtet ist, derart, dass die zu zerfasernden Blöcke (B) durch Gleiten über die Schaufeln (42) fortschreitend in Richtung der Schneidorgane (28) beschleunigt werden.
  2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1,
    bei der der erste Teil ein ebener Hauptteil (50a) und der zweite Teil ein gebogener Endteil (50b) ist, der tangential das flache Hauptteil (50a) verlängert.
  3. Maschine nach Anspruch 2,
    bei der der gebogene Endteil (50b) jeder der Schaufeln (42) im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen die Form eines Viertelkreises aufweist.
  4. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    bei der ein äußeres Ende jeder der Schaufeln (42) an ihrer Vorderseite eine abgeschrägte Kante (50c) aufweist, die fortschreitend nach hinten gekrümmt ist und sich hierbei den Scheidorganen (28) annähert.
  5. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    bei der die Vorderseite jeder der Schaufeln (42) integral auf einem abnehmbaren Teil (50) gebildet ist.
EP00400832A 1999-03-30 2000-03-27 Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von synthetischen oder natürlichen organischen Materialien, wie z.B. Holz Expired - Lifetime EP1043130B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9903948A FR2791594B1 (fr) 1999-03-30 1999-03-30 Machine pour defibrer des blocs d'une matiere organique naturelle ou synthetique, telle que du bois
FR9903948 1999-03-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1043130A1 EP1043130A1 (de) 2000-10-11
EP1043130B1 true EP1043130B1 (de) 2005-07-20

Family

ID=9543795

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00400832A Expired - Lifetime EP1043130B1 (de) 1999-03-30 2000-03-27 Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von synthetischen oder natürlichen organischen Materialien, wie z.B. Holz

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1043130B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE299786T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60021301T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2791594B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1424225A (en) * 1922-02-25 1922-08-01 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Coved pivoted hammer
DE1199478B (de) * 1963-02-25 1965-08-26 Kralovopolska Strojirna Zerspanungsmaschine, insbesondere fuer Holz und Holzabfaelle
AT272625B (de) * 1966-04-04 1969-07-10 Balthas Maier Vorrichtung zum Zerspanen von kleinstückigem Material, insbesondere von vorzerkleinertem Holz
DE4309882C2 (de) * 1993-03-26 1995-04-27 Pallmann Kg Maschf Siebkorbmühle, insbesondere zum Zerfasern von Altpapier
US5673863A (en) * 1994-08-17 1997-10-07 Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co., Kg Size reduction apparatus for the production of prismatical and particularly cubical particles from cuttable materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60021301D1 (de) 2005-08-25
FR2791594B1 (fr) 2001-06-08
DE60021301T2 (de) 2006-05-24
ATE299786T1 (de) 2005-08-15
FR2791594A1 (fr) 2000-10-06
EP1043130A1 (de) 2000-10-11

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