EP0953690B1 - Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Signals, Sensoreinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Verwendung der Sensoreinrichtung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Signals, Sensoreinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Verwendung der Sensoreinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0953690B1
EP0953690B1 EP99103872A EP99103872A EP0953690B1 EP 0953690 B1 EP0953690 B1 EP 0953690B1 EP 99103872 A EP99103872 A EP 99103872A EP 99103872 A EP99103872 A EP 99103872A EP 0953690 B1 EP0953690 B1 EP 0953690B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor element
sensor
fluid
sensor device
temperature
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EP99103872A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0953690A1 (de
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Edo Lang
Roland Obrist
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D13/00—Urinals ; Means for connecting the urinal to the flushing pipe and the wastepipe; Splashing shields for urinals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 , a sensor device for performing the method according to the preamble of claim 6 and the use of such a sensor device according to the preamble of claim 11 .
  • Used flushing devices For flushing urinal bowls in public restrooms are preferred Used flushing devices, which act automatically. Underneath there are flushing devices understood that either perform rinsing at certain intervals, independently whether the bowls have been used or not, or dishwashers where the Flushing due to any mechanical or electrical signal in Gear is created, which is generated when using the bowls.
  • EP 0 675 234 A1 describes an automatic device controlled by a temperature sensor Flushing device disclosed.
  • DE-PS 813 968 describes a method for generating a signal by a Sensor device in function of a change in a fluid-filled space from a passive phase to an active phase, wherein a sensor element is the temporal heat transfer determined between the sensor element and the fluid.
  • a sensor element a live NTC resistor used in the passive phase of a weak passive current is flowing through, which does not mention the resistance warmed up.
  • the active phase the cooling effect of the liquid is eliminated, so that the resistance heats up and an active current flows, which is used to generate a signal.
  • Flushing devices which are generated by signals generated by sensors when using the bowls set in motion avoid the disadvantage of being too rare, too frequent or undesired flushing processes.
  • Systems with light barriers are the most common used in which a beam falling on an optical sensor through the User is reflected, which is then immediately or after the user steps away the flushing device is started in the area of the jet.
  • the disadvantages of such and other sensor-controlled flushing devices consist mainly in that the free visible sensor devices often work poorly or not at all because they are on purpose or be accidentally disturbed or destroyed, and that by in the area of People in the jet are also flushed when the bowl is triggered is not used at all.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and a method propose at which electrical signals are generated to activate the rinses with the risk of overflow-related or drainage blockages conditional water damage is avoided.
  • the invention has the task of a sensor device operating according to the new method to create, the manufacture and assembly of which are simple and inexpensive and that works with little or no maintenance.
  • the invention has the task of proposing the use of such a device.
  • the principle of the invention is dependent on a change in voltage generate an electrical signal; the changing tension can be seen in one under Tapping off the live sensor element.
  • the sensor element essentially consists made of a material with temperature-dependent electrical conductivity, which is in a room filled with fluid.
  • a passive phase that is, when there is no electrical one Signal are generated and therefore the voltage should remain constant, this is Sensor element heated or cooled constantly, bringing it to a passive temperature which is in any case outside the temperature range of the fluid in the following Active phase and generally also outside the temperature range of the fluid is in the passive phase.
  • heat transfer occurs in the passive phase either from the sensor element to the fluid or from the fluid to the sensor element, who is stationary after a certain time.
  • the amount of heat absorbed by the fluid over time depends not only from the temperature difference between the element and the fluid, but also also of the fluid's capacity to absorb heat, essentially of the chemical nature and state of the fluid, as well as the flow velocity of the fluid, with a rapid flow causing heat transfer due to the convection occurring during this increases.
  • the active phase begins with the change; the means that, as already mentioned, the heat transfer between the sensor element and changes the fluid due to the change in the fluid-filled space, which changes the Temperature of the sensor element and thereby a change in the output voltage Consequence.
  • the latter serves directly or indirectly as a signal for its generation the new method or the new sensor device is used.
  • a preferred use of the new sensor device is automated flushing of urinal and toilet bowls. This will cause water damage even if the drain is blocked avoided by overflowing. Is namely the drain of the urinal or toilet bowl clogged, so it automatically ensures that no change in the from the element emitted amount of heat and thus no heating or cooling of the element, no change in the output voltage and no further rinsing takes place. Furthermore, a flush is only triggered when the urinal or toilet bowl is actually used.
  • the installation of the new sensor device for example in existing urinal bowls, is simple, as can the sensor device or, if necessary, parts of it in the event of failures easy to replace.
  • the sensor device or the sensor element can be produced simultaneously with the production of a Wall integrally poured into this; then it is generally not interchangeable, so this concept is only for sensor elements with a very long service life and very low susceptibility to defects.
  • the problems of downtime or susceptibility to defects are omitted if, instead of the sensor device itself, only a mounting device for the same is provided integrally in the wall in which one interchangeable sensor device can be attached.
  • the sensor device or the sensor element can be installed at different locations. Fastening points can be on a lower, before or after the odor barrier, be provided on a side or hanging on an upper boundary surface, wherein the latter has the advantage that there is a risk of covering the sensing area Dirt hood is less. In any case, it is particularly favorable if the sensor element with its sensing area not in a recess of the wall but is flush with the wall or slightly projecting inside so that it is from the Rinse water is really washed around. This will efficiently form the swamp from urine deposits and / or other contaminants prevented.
  • Such a sensor device can of course also be used use elsewhere, in the sanitary area not only in toilet bowls but also in Various types of spouts.
  • the sensor device can also be used outside the sanitary area are used in a wide variety of applications, for example as Leak detector for liquid media, e.g. Oil sumps, as a minimum level detector, especially in the field of aquaristics, to protect pumps against running dry, as an alternative to floats for level measurement of liquids and as a replacement for Mercury switches. It is pointed out that the sensor device is also located in Suitable cases in which flammable and explosive fluids are involved.
  • the device can also be combined with an automatic one Equipment such as that known under the brand name 'Klosomat', use.
  • the device advantageously has a controller with which - if possible adjustable - the flushing behavior over time can be influenced.
  • This is the case with urinal bowls, for example Favorable, wetting immediately at the start of use in the manner of a pre-rinse to carry out the wall that the urine stream hits: this can prevents reflection and spraying of the jet and problem-free drainage along the wall wetted by the pre-rinse.
  • it is also advantageous to do so at certain intervals to initiate a rinse, even if the bowl has never since the previous rinse was used.
  • Such rinsing can also be carried out with an increased amount of rinsing water take place and serve to a certain extent for periodic cleaning or the odor trap guarantee.
  • a cleaning agent or disinfectant or deodorant can be added.
  • the signal advantageously has a strength that no further or at least none significant Reinforcement needs more.
  • the sensor device itself is simple to manufacture and inexpensive. You can that they are made of neither urine nor chemicals such as strong detergents is attacked. As already mentioned, it is also suitable for Contact with explosive and flammable substances because of the electrical signal there is no spark touching the fluid or fluids.
  • the heating or cooling of the sensor element is done indirectly.
  • a Heating or cooling element heated or cooled which in turn by heat conduction, Convection and / or radiation heated the element.
  • the heat conduction between the Heating resistor and the sensor element is preferably promoted by one of the two connecting material with good heat conduction. This material can also cover the entire Fill the empty space of the housing.
  • the sensor element and the separate heating or cooling element and the wiring arranged in a sensor housing which consists of a Material that is insensitive to the fluids with which it comes into contact and that is hermetically sealed. Suitable materials are glass, plastics such as Teflon and metals resistant to the respective fluids.
  • the senor element and the housing integrally, wherein the element is to a certain extent housing-shaped and only the wiring and if necessary, that is, with indirect heating or cooling, also the heating or cooling element has to record.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sensor device 10 with a sensor element 12 with lines 14A, 14B, which is under voltage, and a heating element in the form of a heating resistor 16, which is connected via lines 18A, 18B to a current or voltage source (not shown) and for heating the sensor element 12 is used.
  • the sensor element 12 consists of a resistor with temperature-dependent conductivity, in the present case an NTC resistor.
  • the sensor element 12, the heating element 16 and a housing 20 described below are connected by a thermally conductive mass or conductive paste 22 ; the sensor element 12 is therefore indirectly heated.
  • the sensor device 10 further comprises the housing 20 already mentioned , which consists of a cuvette 20A and a lid 20C , through which the sensor element 12, the heating element 16, the conductive paste 22 and the lines 14A, 14B, 18A, 18B are enclosed, the Lines 14A, 14B, 18A, 18B are guided through a sleeve 20B of the cover 20C .
  • FIG. 2 shows a further sensor device 10, which differs from the sensor device according to FIG. 1 only in that only one line 19A is provided instead of the lines 14A and 18A .
  • the advantage of this sensor device is that it is structurally somewhat simpler in construction than the sensor device according to FIG. 1, since only the three line connections 19A, 14B, 18B are present, but on the other hand, their mode of operation is less due to the mutual influence by the common line 19A is precise.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sensor device 10 with a sensor element 12, a heating resistor 16, the lines 14A, 14B, 18A, 18B and the cuvette 20A.
  • the conductive paste 22 is not only located in the area of the heating resistor 14, the sensor element 12 and the bottom of the cuvette 20A, but it also fills the entire free space of the cuvette 20A as a sealing compound and also replaces the lid 20C, the sleeve 20B being also cast in is.
  • FIG. 4 shows a simplified embodiment of the sensor device 10 , which differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 in that it does not have a cuvette 20A .
  • the conductive paste or potting compound 22 here not only replaces the lid 20C as in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, but also the cuvette 20A, the sleeve 20B again being cast in .
  • FIG. 5 shows a further variant of the sensor device 10, in which the cuvette 20A is completely filled with the casting compound 22 .
  • a sensor element 12 and two heating elements 16A, 16B are provided, which are arranged in a cascade connection. It would also be possible to provide the sensor device with a plurality of heating elements or a plurality of sensor elements.
  • the heat transfer from the heating element to the sensor element takes place by heat conduction via the conductive paste or the heat-conducting mass 22. This heat transfer could, however, also take place differently, for example by radiation.
  • the parts that come into contact with the fluids for example in the sanitary area with air, water, urine, cleaning agents, in other applications petroleum products and chemicals of all kinds, in particular the cuvette 20A and possibly the sleeve 20B, the lid 20C and the heat-conducting mass 22 must be made of materials which are not attacked by the fluids. Glass, plastics or resistant metals are suitable for the cuvette.
  • 6, 7, and 8A, 8B and 9A, 9B show various options for installing a sensor element 10, for example one of the sensor elements shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 , in the drain area of a sanitary installation, for example a urinal bowl.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show the cross section of a conventional odor barrier or siphon 30 , the upper end 32 being connected to a urinal bowl (not shown) and the lower end 34 being connected to a sewage pipe (not shown) in the assembled state.
  • Various sensor devices 10 are shown in the siphons 30 , but only to show possible installation positions, since in reality only one sensor device is present in each case.
  • FIG. 6 shows sensor devices 10 in installation positions in which the fluid surrounding the sensor device in the passive phases consists of the ambient air, while in the active phases it essentially consists of water with a small urine admixture.
  • the change in the fluid consists here in that firstly the gaseous fluid, namely the ambient air, is replaced by the liquid fluid, namely essentially the water, which increases the heat transfer considerably, since the thermal contact resistance drops considerably, and secondly the temperature of the water is deeper than the ambient air heated by the sensor element during the passive phase and that thirdly the water flows while the ambient air was practically still.
  • sensor element 10 shows two options for installing sensor element 10 , the surroundings of which are formed here not only in the active phase but in part in the passive phase by a liquid fluid, namely water with urine admixture or only water.
  • the change that occurs at the start of the active phase therefore includes here in part the change in the temperature of the fluid and the change in the speed of the fluid, but only in part the replacement of gaseous fluid by liquid fluid.
  • the thermal contact resistance drops at the beginning of the active phase.
  • a suction siphon 36 is shown, with an upper end 38, which in the assembled state with the drain of a sanitary installation, not shown, such as a urinal bowl and with a lower end 40, which in the assembled state a sewage pipe, not shown, is connected.
  • the possible water levels are designated as p and p and a as in FIGS. 6 and 7 .
  • FIG. 8A shows sensor elements 10 which — analogously to FIG. 6 — are installed in such a way that they are surrounded by still air in the passive phases and by flowing water in the active phases.
  • FIG. 9A shows sensor elements 10 which — analogously to FIG. 7 — are installed in such a way that they are surrounded by still water in the passive phases and by flowing water in the active phases.
  • the sensor devices can also be arranged downstream of the siphon, that is to say in the region of a siphon drain pipe 42 , the upper end 44 of which connects to the siphon (not shown here) and the lower end 46 forms the sewage system.
  • 10 not only shows different installation positions for the sensor devices 10 , but it is also shown that the sensor devices 10 may not be plug-shaped but also ring-shaped.
  • a urinal bowl 50 which opens with its lower end in a siphon 52 shown in simplified form.
  • sensor devices 10 are shown in different possible installation positions. Suspended sensor devices have the advantage that no dirt cap, for example made of urine stone, hair, small pieces of paper etc., forms over them, which prevents proper functioning. While the sensor devices 10 protrude into the interior of the urinal bowl 50 , the sensor devices 10.1 are completely enclosed by the wall of the urinal bowl, which consists, for example, of ceramic. In the passive phase as well as in the active phase, the surroundings of the sensor device here consist of a solid and stationary material.
  • the change that takes place in the vicinity of the sensor device during the transition from a passive phase to an active phase therefore consists exclusively in the fact that the temperature drops.
  • a change in the heat conduction and thus the heat transfer as a result of a change in the substance surrounding the sensor device or a change in the flow velocity in the vicinity of the sensor device naturally only occur in a weakened form in the sensor devices 10.1 .
  • FIGS . 12 to 15 show the use of the new sensor elements for other purposes.
  • a sensor device 10 for monitoring a minimum level min is arranged in a container 52 which contains a liquid 53 .
  • the period in which the actual water level p is above the minimum water level min can be regarded as a passive phase; In the passive phase, the sensor device is - as shown in FIG. 12 - in the liquid 53.
  • the active phase is understood to mean that the actual level p drops below the minimum level min, so that the sensor device 10 is no longer in a liquid but is in a gaseous fluid. In this case, the heat transfer is reduced during the transition to the active phase.
  • the signal ultimately resulting from this causes liquid 53 to be supplied to container 52 until the actual level p is again above the minimum level min .
  • the sensor device can be arranged inside the container 52, inside the wall of the container 52 or, if appropriate, on the outside of the wall of the container 52 .
  • the sensor device 10 can also be used as an overfill protection.
  • the sensor device 10 is in the passive phase when the actual level p is below a maximum level; the installation position is selected so that the sensor device is in the passive phase in the air, while when entering the active phase it is increased by the level to max. immersed in the liquid.
  • the sensor device When monitoring a minimum level as well as when monitoring of a maximum level, the sensor device can also be adjusted in height in the container be attached.
  • FIG. 13 shows the use of the new sensor device 10 for monitoring a container, such as, for example, a tub 56 surrounding a heating oil tank 54 for leakage.
  • the sensor device 10 is here in the passive phase in air and in the active phase in heating oil.
  • FIG. 14 shows the use of a sensor device 10 for preventing a pump 58 from running dry.
  • the sensor device 10 can be installed in different positions. It is in the passive phase in liquid and gets into air at the beginning of the active phase. With the signal resulting from this change, the pump 58 can either be switched off or additional liquid can be supplied to the pump 58 .
  • the level p is sensed by the sensor device 10 immersed in the water of an aquarium vessel 60 in the passive phase. If the minimum level min is undershot, the sensor device 10 is no longer in the water but in the air; in this active phase, the aquarium vessel 60 is supplied with additional, generally appropriately prepared, water from a reserve container 62 .
  • This arrangement ensures that the water level can be kept very precisely constant, which is of decisive importance in the present case, since it prevents hard, encrusted limescale deposits.
  • the 19 relates to a serisor device 10 with indirect heating of the sensor element. Shown are the sensor element 12, the heating element 16, the cuvette 20A, possibly including the lid, and the thermally conductive casting compound 22.
  • the cuvette 20A can also be made of electrically conductive material and heated, which makes the arrangement of the heating element 16 unnecessary. Furthermore, an electronic switch 15 and a series resistor 17 are arranged, the position of which can be seen from FIG. 19 .
  • the heating voltage is labeled Uq .
  • the output signal is denoted by U ⁇ , that is to say the signal whose new sensor device 10 is used to emit .
  • Indirect heating of the sensor element 12 offers several advantages over direct heating of the sensor element 12 by means of a constant current source, which are described below. Indirect heating enables switching operation of the heating element 16 to heat the sensor element 12. A short-term higher, actually short-term high, loading of the heating element 16, for example with 1.2 W instead of 0.4 W, is possible and results in shorter reaction times and a more favorable behavior of the amplitude of the output signal U ⁇ . The energy consumption is minimal with short response times, and the additional circuitry is minimal. Any integration behavior of the output signal U ⁇ during dynamic operation is compensated for. With the indirect heating of the sensor element 12 by the heating element 16 , it is achieved that the output signal U ⁇ is not influenced by varying self-heating. The only disadvantage of indirect heating is that at least the three lines 14B, 18B, 19A or advantageously even the four lines 14A, 14B, 18A, 18B are necessary for connecting the sensor element 12 and the heating element 16 .
  • the time course of the output voltage U ⁇ can be seen from the diagram in FIG. 20A .
  • the working points in liquid fluids are designated with AF , the working points in gaseous fluids with AG .
  • the electronic switch 15, shown in FIG. 19, opens when a predetermined voltage threshold of the output signal U ⁇ is exceeded or undershot.
  • the working point at AG1 can be set in a curve area with great steepness, which results in short reaction times. Without an electronic switch, the working point at AG2 is in a significantly flatter curve area, so that the response time is longer.
  • the operating point AF2 can be set at different temperatures of the gaseous fluids surrounding the sensor device 10 by means of the electronic switch 15 .
  • the diagram in FIG. 20B shows the profile of the output voltage U ⁇ as a function of the immersion depth d of the sensor device 10 in water, namely when the immersion depth d is increased millimeter by millimeter .
  • the table shown in FIG. 21 contains details regarding the behavior of the sensor devices shown in FIGS . 3 and 4 , the two front columns of the table relating to FIG. 3 and the two rear columns of the table relating to FIG. 4 .
  • FIGS. 22A and 22B Measurement results that document the mode of operation of the new sensor device are shown in the diagrams of FIGS. 22A and 22B , with FIG. 22A relating to the sensor device according to FIGS. 3 and 22B to the sensor device of FIG. 4 .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP99103872A 1998-04-27 1999-03-01 Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Signals, Sensoreinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Verwendung der Sensoreinrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0953690B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH94398 1998-04-27
CH94398 1998-04-27

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EP0953690A1 EP0953690A1 (de) 1999-11-03
EP0953690B1 true EP0953690B1 (de) 2001-12-19

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EP99103872A Expired - Lifetime EP0953690B1 (de) 1998-04-27 1999-03-01 Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Signals, Sensoreinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Verwendung der Sensoreinrichtung

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US (1) US6535134B2 (tr)
EP (1) EP0953690B1 (tr)
JP (1) JPH11343653A (tr)
AT (1) ATE211209T1 (tr)
AU (1) AU751688B2 (tr)
DE (1) DE59900571D1 (tr)
DK (1) DK0953690T3 (tr)
ES (1) ES2170552T3 (tr)
NZ (1) NZ335350A (tr)
TR (1) TR199900882A2 (tr)

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WO2008094651A1 (en) 2007-01-31 2008-08-07 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Capacitive sensing apparatus and method for faucets
US7806141B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-10-05 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Mixing valve including a molded waterway assembly
US8376313B2 (en) * 2007-03-28 2013-02-19 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Capacitive touch sensor
US8613419B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2013-12-24 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Capacitive coupling arrangement for a faucet
US9500555B2 (en) * 2010-01-19 2016-11-22 Clark Robert Gunness Method and system for leak detection in roofing and waterproofing membranes
US8561626B2 (en) 2010-04-20 2013-10-22 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Capacitive sensing system and method for operating a faucet
US8776817B2 (en) 2010-04-20 2014-07-15 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Electronic faucet with a capacitive sensing system and a method therefor
US8747075B1 (en) 2010-05-12 2014-06-10 Nicola Gandini Fluid level management
DE102011011631B4 (de) * 2011-02-17 2014-10-16 Continental Automotive Gmbh Tankvorrichtung zur Bevorratung eines flüssigen schadstoffmindernden Mediums
US11346090B2 (en) 2018-01-19 2022-05-31 As America, Inc. Automated urinal
CN112213963B (zh) * 2020-09-14 2022-06-03 厦门一点智能科技有限公司 一种马桶自动冲水的控制方法、系统及智能马桶
CN114508805B (zh) * 2022-01-27 2023-08-04 北京锐创机电暖通设备安装工程有限公司 一种可过滤除菌的智能空调机组

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JPH11343653A (ja) 1999-12-14
EP0953690A1 (de) 1999-11-03
ES2170552T3 (es) 2002-08-01
TR199900882A3 (tr) 1999-10-21
AU2374199A (en) 1999-11-04
TR199900882A2 (tr) 1999-10-21
US20010035826A1 (en) 2001-11-01
DE59900571D1 (de) 2002-01-31
AU751688B2 (en) 2002-08-22
US6535134B2 (en) 2003-03-18
DK0953690T3 (da) 2002-04-15
ATE211209T1 (de) 2002-01-15
NZ335350A (en) 2001-01-26

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