EP0953690A1 - Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Signals, Sensoreinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Verwendung der Sensoreinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Signals, Sensoreinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Verwendung der Sensoreinrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0953690A1 EP0953690A1 EP99103872A EP99103872A EP0953690A1 EP 0953690 A1 EP0953690 A1 EP 0953690A1 EP 99103872 A EP99103872 A EP 99103872A EP 99103872 A EP99103872 A EP 99103872A EP 0953690 A1 EP0953690 A1 EP 0953690A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- sensor element
- sensor device
- fluid
- temperature
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
- E03D13/00—Urinals ; Means for connecting the urinal to the flushing pipe and the wastepipe; Splashing shields for urinals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 , a sensor device for performing the method according to the preamble of claim 6 and the use of such a sensor device according to the preamble of claim 13 .
- Used flushing devices For flushing urinal bowls in public restrooms are preferred Used flushing devices, which act automatically. Underneath there are flushing devices understood that either perform rinsing at certain intervals, independently whether the bowls have been used or not, or flushing systems where the Flushing due to any mechanical or electrical signal in Gear is created, which is generated when using the bowls.
- Flushing devices which are generated by signals generated by sensors when using the bowls set in motion avoid the disadvantage of being too rare or too frequent or undesired flushing processes.
- Systems with light barriers are the most common used in which a beam falling on an optical sensor through the User is reflected, which is then immediately or after the user steps away the flushing device is started in the area of the jet.
- the disadvantages of such and other sensor-controlled flushing devices consist mainly in that the free visible sensor devices often work poorly or not at all because they are on purpose or be accidentally disturbed or destroyed, and that by in the area of People in the jet are also flushed when the bowl is triggered is not used at all.
- the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and a method propose at which electrical signals are generated to activate the rinses with the risk of overflow-related or drainage blockages conditional water damage is avoided.
- the invention has the task of a sensor device acting according to the nine method to create, the manufacture and assembly of which are simple and inexpensive and that works with little or no maintenance.
- the invention has the task of proposing the use of such a device.
- the principle of the invention is dependent on a change in voltage generate an electrical signal; the changing tension can be seen in one under Tapping off the live sensor element.
- the sensor element essentially consists made of a material with temperature-dependent electrical conductivity, which is in a room filled with fluid.
- a passive phase that is, when there is no electrical one
- This sensor element generates a signal and therefore the voltage should remain constant constantly heated or cooled, whereby it is brought to a passive temperature, which in any case outside the temperature range of the fluid in the subsequent active phase and generally also outside the temperature range of the fluid in the passive phase lies.
- a passive phase heat transfer either from Sensor element to the fluid or from the fluid to the sensor element takes place after a is stationary for a certain time.
- the amount of heat absorbed by the fluid does not only depend on the Temperature difference between the element and the fluid, but also by the capacity of the fluid to absorb heat, essentially chemical in nature and the state of the fluid, as well as the flow velocity of the Fluids, with a rapid flow causing heat transfer as a result of this Convection increased.
- the active phase begins with the change; that means that like already mentioned the heat transfer between the sensor element and the fluid due to the Change in fluid-filled space changes, which changes the temperature of the sensor element causing a change in the output voltage.
- the latter serves directly or indirectly as a signal, the new method or the new sensor device is used.
- a preferred use of the nine sensor device is automated flushing of urinal and toilet bowls. This will cause water damage even if the drain is blocked avoided by overflowing. Is namely the drain of the urinal or toilet bowl clogged, so it automatically ensures that no change in the from the element emitted amount of heat and thus no heating or cooling of the element, no change in the output voltage and no further rinsing takes place. Furthermore, a flush is only triggered when the urinal or toilet bowl is actually used.
- the installation of the new sensor device for example in existing urinal bowls, is simple, as can the sensor device or, if necessary, parts thereof in the event of failures easy to replace.
- the sensor device or the sensor element can be produced simultaneously with the production of a Wall integrally poured into this; then it is generally not interchangeable, so this concept is only for sensor elements with a very long service life and very low susceptibility to defects.
- the problems of downtime or Defect susceptibility is eliminated if, instead of the sensor device itself, only a mounting device for the same is provided integrally in the wall in which one interchangeable sensor device can be attached.
- the sensor device or the sensor element can be installed at different locations become.
- Fastening points can be on a lower, before or after the odor barrier, a side or hanging on an upper boundary surface, the latter has the advantage that the danger of covering the sensing area Dirt hood is less.
- Such a sensor device can of course also be used use elsewhere, in the sanitary area not only in toilet bowls but also in Various types of spouts.
- the sensor device can also be used outside the sanitary area are used in a wide variety of applications, for example as Leak detector for liquid media, e.g. Oil sumps, as a minimum level detector, especially in the field of aquaristics, to protect pumps against running dry, as an alternative to floats for level measurement of liquids and as a replacement for Mercury switches. It is pointed out that the sensor device is also located in Suitable cases in which flammable and explosive fluids are involved.
- the device can also be combined with an automatic one Equipment such as that known under the brand name 'Klosomat', use.
- the device advantageously has a controller with which - if possible adjustable - the flushing behavior over time can be influenced.
- This is the case with urinal bowls, for example Favorable, wetting immediately at the start of use in the manner of a pre-rinse to carry out the wall that the urine stream hits: this can prevents reflection and spraying of the jet and problem-free drainage along the wall wetted by the pre-rinse.
- it is also advantageous to do so at certain intervals to initiate a rinse, even if the bowl has never since the previous rinse was used.
- Such rinsing can also be carried out with an increased amount of rinsing water take place and serve to a certain extent for periodic cleaning or the odor trap guarantee.
- a cleaning agent or disinfectant or deodorant can be added.
- the signal advantageously has a strength that no further or at least none significant Reinforcement needs more.
- the sensor device itself is simple to manufacture and inexpensive. You can that they are made of neither urine nor chemicals such as strong detergents is attacked. As already mentioned, it is also suitable for Contact with explosive and flammable substances because of the electrical signal there is no spark touching the fluid or fluids.
- the heating or cooling of the sensor element can be done directly or indirectly.
- indirect heating or cooling a heating or cooling element is heated or cooled, which in turn by Conduction, convection and / or radiation heated the element.
- the heat conduction between the heating resistor and the sensor element is preferably promoted by a material that connects the two with good heat conduction. This material can too fill the entire free space of the housing.
- the sensor element and possibly the separate heating or cooling element and the wiring arranged in a sensor housing which consists of a Material that is insensitive to the fluids with which it comes into contact and that is hermetically sealed. Suitable materials are glass, plastics such as Teflon and metals resistant to the respective fluids.
- the senor element and the housing integrally, wherein the element is to a certain extent housing-shaped and only the wiring and if necessary, that is, with indirect heating or cooling, also the heating or cooling element has to record.
- FIG. 1 shows a sensor device 10 with a sensor element 12 with lines 14A , 14B , which is under voltage, and a heating element in the form of a heating resistor 16 , which is connected via lines 18A , 18B to a current or voltage source (not shown) and for heating the sensor element 12 is used.
- the sensor element 12 consists of a resistor with temperature-dependent conductivity, in the present case an NTC resistor.
- the sensor element 12 , the heating element 16 and a housing 20 described below are connected by a thermally conductive mass or conductive paste 22 ; the sensor element 12 is therefore indirectly heated.
- the sensor device 10 further comprises the housing 20 already mentioned, which consists of a cuvette 20A and a lid 20C , through which the sensor element 12 , the heating element 16 , the conductive paste 22 and the lines 14A , 14B , 18A , 18B are enclosed, the Lines 14A , 14B , 18A , 18B are guided through a sleeve 20B of the cover 20C .
- FIG. 2 shows a further sensor device 10 , which differs from the sensor device according to FIG. 1 only in that only one line 19A is provided instead of the lines 14A and 18A .
- the advantage of this sensor device is that it is structurally somewhat simpler in construction than the sensor device according to FIG. 1 , since only the three line connections 19A , 14B , 18B are present, but on the other hand, their mode of operation is less due to the mutual influence by the common line 19A is precise.
- FIG. 3 shows a sensor device 10 which, like the sensor device of FIG. 1 , comprises the sensor element 12 with the two lines 14A , 14B , the conductive paste 22 , the cuvette 20A , the sleeve 20B and the cover 20C .
- the sensor element 12 is heated directly by means of a voltage source, and a heating element and lines connecting it to a current source are therefore not present here.
- the conductive paste 22 is not only located in the area of the heating resistor 14 , the sensor element 12 and the bottom of the cuvette 20A, but it also fills the entire free space of the cuvette 20A as a sealing compound and also replaces the lid 20C , the sleeve 20B being also cast in is.
- FIG. 5 shows a simplified embodiment of the sensor device 10 , which differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 in that it does not have a cuvette 20A .
- the conductive paste or potting compound 22 not only replaces the cover 20C as in the embodiment according to FIG. 4, but also the cuvette 20A , the sleeve 20B being cast in again.
- FIG. 6 shows a further variant of the sensor device 10 , in which the cuvette 20A is completely filled with the casting compound 22 .
- a sensor element 12 and two heating elements 16A , 16B are provided, which are arranged in a cascade connection. It would also be possible to provide the sensor device with a plurality of heating elements or a plurality of sensor elements.
- the heat transfer from the heating element to the sensor element takes place by heat conduction via the conductive paste or the heat-conducting mass 22 .
- this heat transfer could also take place differently, for example by radiation.
- the parts that come into contact with the fluids for example in the sanitary area with air, water, urine, cleaning agents, in other applications petroleum products and chemicals of all kinds, in particular the cuvette 20A and possibly the sleeve 20B , the lid 20C and the heat-conducting mass 22 must be made of materials which are not attacked by the fluids. Glass, plastics or resistant metals are suitable for the cuvette.
- FIGS. 7 , 8 , and 9A , 9B and 10A , 10B show various options for installing a sensor element 10 , for example one of the sensor elements shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 , in the drainage area of a sanitary installation, for example a urinal bowl.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the cross section of a conventional odor barrier or a siphon 30 , the upper end 32 being connected to a urinal bowl (not shown) and the lower end 34 being connected to a sewage pipe (not shown) in the assembled state.
- Various sensor devices 10 are shown in the siphons 30 , but only to show possible installation positions, since in reality only one sensor device is present in each case.
- the fluid surrounding the sensor device in the passive phases consists of the ambient air, while in the active phases it essentially consists of water with a small urine admixture.
- the change in the fluid consists here in that firstly the gaseous fluid, namely the ambient air, is replaced by the liquid fluid, namely essentially the water, which increases the heat transfer considerably, since the thermal contact resistance drops considerably, and secondly the temperature of the water is deeper than the ambient air heated by the sensor element during the passive phase and that thirdly the water flows while the ambient air was practically still.
- the sensor element 10 shows two possibilities for the installation of the sensor element 10 , the surroundings of which are formed here not only in the active phase but in part already in the passive phase by a liquid fluid, namely water with urine admixture or only water.
- the change that occurs at the start of the active phase therefore includes here in part the change in the temperature of the fluid and the change in the speed of the fluid, but only in part the replacement of gaseous fluid by liquid fluid.
- the thermal contact resistance drops at the beginning of the active phase.
- a suction siphon 36 is shown, with an upper end 38 , which in the assembled state with the drain of a sanitary installation, not shown, such as a urinal bowl and with a lower end 40 , which in the assembled state a sewage pipe, not shown, is connected.
- a sanitary installation such as a urinal bowl
- a lower end 40 which in the assembled state a sewage pipe, not shown, is connected.
- the possible water levels are denoted by p or p and a .
- FIG. 9A shows sensor elements 10 which — analogously to FIG. 7 — are installed such that they are surrounded by still air in the passive phases and by flowing water in the active phases.
- FIG. 10A shows sensor elements 10 which — analogously to FIG. 8 — are installed in such a way that they are surrounded by still water in the passive phases and by flowing water in the active phases.
- the sensor devices can also be arranged downstream of the siphon, that is to say in the region of a siphon drain pipe 42 , the upper end 44 of which connects to the siphon (not shown here) and the lower end 46 forms the sewage system.
- 11 not only shows different installation positions for the sensor devices 10 , but it is also shown that the sensor devices 10 may not be plug-shaped but also ring-shaped.
- a urinal bowl 50 which opens with its lower end in a siphon 52 shown in simplified form.
- sensor devices 10 are shown in different possible installation positions. Suspended sensor devices have the advantage that no dirt cap, for example made of urine stone, hair, small pieces of paper etc., forms over them, which prevents proper functioning. While the sensor devices 10 protrude into the interior of the urinal bowl 50 , the sensor devices 10.1 are completely enclosed by the wall of the urinal bowl, which consists, for example, of ceramic. In the passive phase as well as in the active phase, the surroundings of the sensor device here consist of a solid and stationary material.
- the change that takes place in the vicinity of the sensor device during the transition from a passive phase to an active phase therefore consists exclusively in the fact that the temperature drops.
- a change in the heat conduction and thus the heat transfer as a result of a change in the substance surrounding the sensor device or a change in the flow velocity in the vicinity of the sensor device naturally only occur in a weakened form in the sensor devices 10.1 .
- FIGS. 7 to 12 always concerned the use of the sensor device in a sanitary installation, such as a urinal or toilet bowl
- FIGS. 13 to 16 show the use of the nine sensor elements for other purposes.
- a sensor device 10 for monitoring a minimum level min is arranged in a container 52 which contains a liquid 53 .
- the period in which the actual water level p is above the minimum water level min can be regarded as the passive phase; In the passive phase, the sensor device is - as shown in FIG. 13 - in the liquid 52 .
- the active phase is understood to mean that the actual level p drops below the minimum level min , so that the sensor device 10 is no longer in a liquid but in a gaseous fluid. In this case, the heat transfer is reduced during the transition to the active phase.
- the signal ultimately resulting from this causes liquid 53 to be supplied to container 52 until the actual level p is again above the minimum level min .
- the sensor device can be arranged inside the container 52 , inside the wall of the container 52 or, if appropriate, on the outside of the wall of the container 52 .
- the sensor device 10 can also be used as an overfill protection.
- the sensor device 10 is in the passive phase when the actual level p is below a maximum level; the installation position is selected so that the sensor device is in the passive phase in the air, while when entering the active phase it is increased by the level to max . immersed in the liquid.
- the sensor device can also be adjusted in height in the container be attached.
- FIG. 14 shows the use of the new sensor device 10 for monitoring a container such as, for example, a tub 56 surrounding a heating oil tank 54 for leakage.
- the sensor device 10 is here in the passive phase in air and in the active phase in heating oil.
- FIG. 15 shows the use of a sensor device 10 to prevent a pump 58 from running dry.
- the sensor device 10 can be installed in different positions. It is in the passive phase in liquid and gets into air at the beginning of the active phase. With the signal resulting from this change, the pump 58 can either be switched off or additional liquid can be supplied to the pump 58 .
- the level p is sensed by the sensor device 10 immersed in the water of an aquarium vessel 60 in the passive phase. If the minimum level min is undershot, the sensor device 10 is no longer in the water but in the air; In this active phase, additional, generally appropriately treated, water is fed to the aquarium vessel 60 from a reserve container 62 .
- This arrangement ensures that the water level can be kept very precisely constant, which is of crucial importance in the present case, since it prevents hard, encrusted limescale deposits.
- the 20 relates to a sensor device 10 with indirect heating of the sensor element. Shown are the sensor element 12 , the heating element 16 , the cuvette 20A , possibly including the lid, and the thermally conductive casting compound 22 .
- the cuvette 20A can also be made of electrically conductive material and heated, which makes the arrangement of the heating element 16 unnecessary. Furthermore, an electronic switch 15 and a series resistor 17 are arranged, the position of which can be seen from FIG. 20 .
- the heating voltage is labeled Uq .
- U ⁇ denotes the output signal, that is to say the signal whose emission the new sensor device 10 is used for.
- Indirect heating of the sensor element 12 offers several advantages over direct heating of the sensor element 10 by means of a constant current source, which are described below. Indirect heating enables switching operation of the heating element 16 for heating the sensor element 12 .
- a short-term higher, actually short-term too high, load of the heating element 16 for example with 1.2 W instead of 0.4 W, is possible and results in shorter reaction times and a more favorable behavior of the amplitude of the output signal U ⁇ .
- the energy consumption is minimal with short response times, and the additional circuitry is minimal. Any integration behavior of the output signal U ⁇ during dynamic operation is compensated for.
- the output signal U ⁇ is not influenced by varying self-heating, as is the case with direct heating of the sensor element 12 .
- the only disadvantage of indirect heating is that at least the three lines 14B , 18B , 19A or advantageously even the four lines 14A , 14B , 18A , 18B are necessary for connecting the sensor element 12 and the heating element 16 .
- the time course of the output voltage U ⁇ can be seen from the diagram in FIG. 21A .
- the working points in liquid fluids are designated with AF , the working points in gaseous fluids with AG .
- the electronic switch 15 shown in FIG. 20 , opens when a predetermined voltage threshold of the output signal U ⁇ is exceeded or undershot.
- the working point at AG1 can be set in a curve area with great steepness, which results in short reaction times. Without an electronic switch, the working point is at AG2 , i.e. in a significantly flatter curve area, so that the response time is longer.
- the operating point AF2 can be set at different temperatures of the gaseous fluids surrounding the sensor device 10 by means of the electronic switch 15 .
- the diagram in FIG. 21B shows the profile of the output voltage U ⁇ as a function of the immersion depth d of the sensor device 10 in water, specifically when the immersion depth d is increased millimeter by millimeter.
- the table shown in FIG. 22 contains details regarding the behavior of the sensor devices shown in FIGS . 4 and 5 , the two front columns of the table relating to FIG. 4 and the two rear columns of the table relating to FIG. 5 .
- FIGS. 23A and 23B Measurement results that document the mode of operation of the nine sensor devices are shown in the diagrams of FIGS. 23A and 23B .
- 23A relates to the sensor device according to FIG. 4 and
- FIG. 23B relates to the sensor device of FIG. 5 .
Abstract
Description
- für das Verfahren durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1,
- für die Einrichtung durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 6, und
- für die Verwendung der Einrichtung durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 13.
- Fig. 1
- Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiels einer Sensoreinrichtung, mit indirekter Beheizung des Sensorelementes und vier Leitungen;
- Fig. 2
- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Sensoreinrichtung, mit indirekter Beheizung des Sensorelementes und drei Leitungen;
- Fig. 3
- ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Sensoreinrichtung, mit direkter Beheizung des Sensorelementes;
- Fig. 4
- ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel der Sensoreinrichtung, mit durch die Vergussmasse gefüllter Küvette;
- Fig. 5
- ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel der Sensoreinrichtung, ohne Küvette;
- Fig. 6
- ein sechstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Sensoreinrichtung, mit zwei Heizelementen;
- Fig. 7
- ein Siphon mit Sensoreinrichtungen in verschiedenen Einbaupositionen;
- Fig. 8
- das Siphon der Fig. 7 mit Sensoreinrichtungen in weiteren Einbaupositionen;
- Fig. 9A, 9B
- ein weiteres Siphon mit Sensoreinrichtungen in verschiedenen Einbaupositionen, in einem Vertikaischnitt bzw. in einer seitlichen Ansicht;
- Fig. 10A, 10B
- das Siphon der Fig. 9A, 9B mit Sensoreinrichtungen in weiteren Einbaupositionen, in einem Vertikalschnitt bzw. in einer seitlichen Ansicht;
- Fig. 11
- ein Ablaufrohr einer Sanitäranlage, mit Sensoreinrichtungen in verschiedenen Einbaupositionen;
- Fig. 12
- eine Urinalschüssel mit Sensoreinrichtungen in verschiedenen Einbaupositionen;
- Fig. 13A
- einen Behälter für Flüssigkeiten mit einer Sensoreinrichtung zur Überwachung eines ersten Extremalpegelstandes;
- Fig. 13B
- einen Behälter für Flüssigkeiten mit einer Sensoreinrichtung zur Überwachung eines anderen Extremalpegelstandes;
- Fig. 14
- einen Tank in einer Auffangwanne mit einer Sensoreinrichtung zum Detektieren einer Leckage;
- Fig. 15
- eine Pumpe mit Sensorelementen in verschiedenen Einbaupositionen zur Detektierung und Verhinderung des Trockenlaufens;
- Fig. 16
- ein Aquariumsbehälter mit einem Reservebehälter, mit einer Sensoreinrichtung als Niveauwächter;
- Fig. 17, 18, 19
- drei Beispiele der Verwendung von jeweils mehreren Sensoreinrichtungen als Ersatz für Quecksilberschalter;
- Fig. 20
- ein Schema einer im Zusammenhang mit der Sensoreinrichtung geeigneten Schaltung;
- Fig. 21A
- ein Diagramm zur schematischen Darstellung des Verlaufes des Ausgangssignals über der Zeit;
- Fig. 21B
- ein weiteres Diagramm zur Darstellung des Verlaufs der über der Zeit; bei millimeterweisem Eintauchen des Sensors in Wasser;
- Fig. 22
- eine Tabelle mit Messresultaten, welche das Verhalten von zwei unterschiedlichen Sensoreinrichtungen zeigt; und
- Fig. 23A, 23B
- Diagramme mit Messresultaten zur Darstellung des Verhaltens der Sensoreinrichtungen gemäss Fig. 4 bzw. 5.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Signals durch eine Sensoreinrichtung in Funktion einer Änderung in einem mit einem Fluid gefüllten Raum von einer Passivphase zu einer Aktivphase, wobei ein Sensorelement der Sensoreinrichtung den zeitlichen Wärmeübergang zwischen dem Sensorelement und dem Fluid ermittelt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass das eine temperaturabhängige elektrische Leitfähigkeit aufweisende unter Spannung liegende Sensorelement mit festgelegter Heizleistung auf eine Temperatur gebracht wird, die ausserhalb des Bereiches der Temperaturen des Fluids liegt,dass in der Passivphase das Fluid in der Umgebung des Sensorelementes durch einen Wärmetransfer zwischen dem Sensorelement und dessen Umgebung auf eine mindestens annähernd konstante Passivtemperatur gebracht und die Sensoreinrichtung eine mindestens annähernd konstante Passiv-Ausgangsspannung liefert,dass in der Aktivphase durch die Änderung im mit Fluid gefüllten Raum eine Änderung des Wärmetransfers zwischen dem Sensorelement und dessen Umgebung stattfindet und die Sensoreinrichtung eine Aktiv-Ausgangsspannung liefert,wobei bei Überschreitung einer festgelegten Differenz zwischen der Passivspannung und der Aktivspannung das Signal erzeugt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Änderung des Zustandes des Fluides eine Änderung seiner chemischen Natur und/oder seines Aggregatszustandes und/oder seiner Temperatur ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Fluid vor der Änderung ein Gas, beispielsweise Luft, und nach der Änderung eine Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise Wasser, ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Sensorelement auf eine Temperatur oberhalb des Temperaturbereichs des Fluids beheizt oder auf eine Temperatur unterhalb des Temperaturbereichs des Fluids gekühlt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Sensorelement eine mit steigender Temperatur steigende oder sinkende Wärmeleitfähigkeit besitzt. - Sensoreinrichtung (10) zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass sie ein Sensorelement (12) aus einem Material mit temperaturabhängiger elektrischer Leitfähigkeit besitzt, welches dazu bestimmt ist, die Temperatur seiner mit Fluid gefüllten Umgebung zu ermitteln,dass sie eine Wärmetransfereinrichtung (16, 22) besitzt, um das Sensorelement (12) auf eine Temperatur zu bringen, welche ausserhalb des Temperaturbereichs des Fluids liegt,das unter einer Spannung liegt, unddass sie Einrichtung zum Ermitteln einer Ausgangsspannung (Uω) des Sensorelementes (12) besitzt. - Sensoreinrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Wärmetransfereinrichtung eine Heiz- oder Kühlvorrichtung (16) ist, um das Sensorelement (12) auf eine Temperatur zu bringen, die oberhalb bzw. unterhalb des Temperaturbereichs des Fluides liegt. - Sensoreinrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Wärmetransfereinrichtung ein Heizelement (16) zur indirekten Beheizung oder Kühlung des Sensorelementes umfasst. - Sensoreinrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Sensorelement (10) direkt beheizt oder gekühlt wird. - Sensoreinrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass es einen Behälter, vorzugsweise eine Küvette (20A) und einen dichtenden Deckel (20C), umfasst, in welchem das Sensorelement (12) und ggfs. das Heizelement (16) angeordnet sind. - Sensoreinrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Sensorelement (12) von einer wärmeleitenden Masse (22) umgeben ist. - Sensoreinrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass sie einen Schalter (15) umfasst, der bei Überschreitung einer vorbestimmten Differenz der Ausgangsspannung (Uω) selbsttätig schaltet. - Verwendung der Sensoreinrichtung (10) nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Ausgangssignal (Uω) zur Aktivierung einer Einrichtung, insbesondere einer Spüleinrichtung einer Sanitäreinrichtung oder einer Niveauregelung, beispielsweise einer Aquaristikeinrichtung, dient. - Verwendung nach Anspruch 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die zapfen- oder ringförmig ausgebildete Sensoreinrichtung (10) innerhalb einer Urinal- oder Klosettschüssel oder im Ablaufkanal vor oder nach der Geruchsperre angeordnet ist.
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CH94398 | 1998-04-27 | ||
CH94398 | 1998-04-27 |
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EP0953690A1 true EP0953690A1 (de) | 1999-11-03 |
EP0953690B1 EP0953690B1 (de) | 2001-12-19 |
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EP99103872A Expired - Lifetime EP0953690B1 (de) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-03-01 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Signals, Sensoreinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Verwendung der Sensoreinrichtung |
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US (1) | US6535134B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0953690B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11343653A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE211209T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU751688B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59900571D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0953690T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2170552T3 (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ335350A (de) |
TR (1) | TR199900882A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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DE10006670A1 (de) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-07-05 | Friatec Ag | Vorrichtung zum Auslösen eines Spülvorgangs eines Urinals oder WC |
CN112213963A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-12 | 厦门一点智能科技有限公司 | 一种马桶自动冲水的控制方法、系统及智能马桶 |
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US9243392B2 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2016-01-26 | Delta Faucet Company | Resistive coupling for an automatic faucet |
US7806141B2 (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2010-10-05 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Mixing valve including a molded waterway assembly |
WO2008094651A1 (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2008-08-07 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Capacitive sensing apparatus and method for faucets |
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EP2574701A1 (de) * | 2007-12-11 | 2013-04-03 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Elektrisch gesteuerte Armatur |
US9500555B2 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2016-11-22 | Clark Robert Gunness | Method and system for leak detection in roofing and waterproofing membranes |
US8561626B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2013-10-22 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Capacitive sensing system and method for operating a faucet |
US8776817B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2014-07-15 | Masco Corporation Of Indiana | Electronic faucet with a capacitive sensing system and a method therefor |
US8747075B1 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2014-06-10 | Nicola Gandini | Fluid level management |
DE102011011631B4 (de) * | 2011-02-17 | 2014-10-16 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Tankvorrichtung zur Bevorratung eines flüssigen schadstoffmindernden Mediums |
CA3086411A1 (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2019-07-25 | As America, Inc. | Automated urinal |
CN114508805B (zh) * | 2022-01-27 | 2023-08-04 | 北京锐创机电暖通设备安装工程有限公司 | 一种可过滤除菌的智能空调机组 |
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- 1999-03-01 DK DK99103872T patent/DK0953690T3/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-03-01 AT AT99103872T patent/ATE211209T1/de active
- 1999-03-01 DE DE59900571T patent/DE59900571D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-01 ES ES99103872T patent/ES2170552T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-13 AU AU23741/99A patent/AU751688B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-04-21 TR TR1999/00882A patent/TR199900882A2/xx unknown
- 1999-04-22 NZ NZ335350A patent/NZ335350A/xx unknown
- 1999-04-26 JP JP11117947A patent/JPH11343653A/ja active Pending
- 1999-04-26 US US09/298,992 patent/US6535134B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN112213963A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-12 | 厦门一点智能科技有限公司 | 一种马桶自动冲水的控制方法、系统及智能马桶 |
CN112213963B (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-06-03 | 厦门一点智能科技有限公司 | 一种马桶自动冲水的控制方法、系统及智能马桶 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH11343653A (ja) | 1999-12-14 |
NZ335350A (en) | 2001-01-26 |
EP0953690B1 (de) | 2001-12-19 |
TR199900882A3 (tr) | 1999-10-21 |
ATE211209T1 (de) | 2002-01-15 |
DK0953690T3 (da) | 2002-04-15 |
DE59900571D1 (de) | 2002-01-31 |
AU751688B2 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
AU2374199A (en) | 1999-11-04 |
TR199900882A2 (xx) | 1999-10-21 |
ES2170552T3 (es) | 2002-08-01 |
US6535134B2 (en) | 2003-03-18 |
US20010035826A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
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