EP0936632A1 - Widerstandselement - Google Patents
Widerstandselement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0936632A1 EP0936632A1 EP98811217A EP98811217A EP0936632A1 EP 0936632 A1 EP0936632 A1 EP 0936632A1 EP 98811217 A EP98811217 A EP 98811217A EP 98811217 A EP98811217 A EP 98811217A EP 0936632 A1 EP0936632 A1 EP 0936632A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filler
- resistance element
- element according
- resistance
- particle size
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/105—Varistor cores
- H01C7/108—Metal oxide
- H01C7/112—ZnO type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a resistance element according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- a resistance element according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- Such a so-called PTC resistors have one at a particular one Switching current density increasing by several orders of magnitude Resistance and are used to limit the current, especially in Short circuit case, used.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to further develop generic resistance elements in such a way that their dielectric strength is increased significantly.
- Resistor elements are largely commutated of the current to the second filler in the range of Current densities and corresponding field strengths as they do typically in the switching range of the resistance element occur. This ensures that the training a narrow switching zone does not become an immediate one Power cut - possibly followed by arcing or a punch - leads, but that the current over the particles of the second filler briefly continue flows and the switching zone widens so far, that they can withstand high voltages without damaging the Resistance elements can carry.
- the main advantages are: significantly higher short-circuit voltages are interrupted can and that the withstand voltage is much higher lies than in known generic Resistance elements.
- the related services Otherwise, resistance elements according to the invention can only using complex series parallel circuits from Resistance elements and varistors can be achieved.
- the SiC doped with Al was from the electric melt Related to Kempten. ZnO was obtained from Merck and endowed. Resistance elements were produced from the mixtures and experiments carried out by going into a circuit like it is shown in Fig. 1, installed and Short-circuit currents have been exposed. For this purpose, a Capacitor C charged to 300V, 850V or 1'200V. The Dimensioning of the capacitor C and the series switched inductance L were chosen so that a short-circuit current of 12'000A, based on 50Hz resulted. The short circuit current was closed of a switch S with capacitor C charged. The tested resistance element PTC was always one Varistor element Var as overvoltage protection connected in parallel.
- the average Particle size of the second filler should therefore be that significantly exceed the first filler, preferably by at least a factor of 2. If the grain is relatively coarse second filler, however, shows an irregular Current distribution in the switching area, which is too high local Energy intake leads and adversely affects the Dielectric strength of the resistance element affects. Of the Factor by which the average particle size of the second filler that of the first filler should therefore generally not exceed 5 be.
- the material of the first filler a choice other than the specified TiB 2 , z. B. TiC, VC, WC, ZrBr 2 , MoSi 2 . It is important, especially in the interest of good cold conductivity properties, to have a low specific resistance. If possible, it should not be higher than 10 -3 ⁇ cm. As stated above, the specific resistance is also crucially important for the second filler. The specific resistance of the material should not be less than 10 -2 ⁇ cm if possible. The specific resistance of the powder should be high anyway at lower field strengths, so that the resistance element can hold a high holding voltage with a low leakage current.
- the various requirements for the second filler can also be met with SiC or ZnO doped with B, Ga, In or N, P, As or with other appropriately doped semiconductors.
- a thermoplastic such. B. HD polyethylene or a thermoset is preferred.
- the particle sizes should be small in the interest of quick response and should preferably be essentially between 10 ⁇ and 40 ⁇ .
- the second filler should be higher, preferably between 50 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
- the composition of the resistance body can of course differ from that used in the tests. Fractions of 30 to 70% (vol.) For the first filler and between 10 and 40% (vol.) For the second filler are preferred, but together they do not make up more than the highest 90% (vol.) Of the mixture. Sample / measured value Ref ZnO Var ZnO + SiC + f SiC + m SiC + g Field strength 3,340 3,250 3,250 3,164 2,292 1,888 2.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- den Versuchsaufbau, mit denen die weiter unten geschilderten Ergebnisse gewonnen wurden.
- ZnO
- ZnO-Pulver
- Var
- Pulver aus Varistormaterial, d. h. mit verschiedenen Metalloxiden dotiertes ZnO
- ZnO+
- Pulver aus mit Al dotiertem ZnO
- SiC+f (fein)
- Pulver aus mit Al dotiertem SiC, Teilchengrössen 45-75µ
- SiC+m (mittel)
- Pulver aus mit Al dotiertem SiC, Teilchengrössen 90-125µ
- SiC+g (grob)
- Pulver aus mit Al dotiertem SiC, Teilchengrössen 150-212µ
Probe / Messwert | Ref | ZnO | Var | ZnO+ | SiC+f | SiC+m | SiC+g |
Feldstärke | 3'340 | 3'250 | 3'250 | 3'164 | 2'292 | 1'888 | |
2. Füllstoff [V/cm] | 4'000 | 4'000 | 4'000 | ||||
Stromdichte | 0,03 | 1,3×10-4 | 92 | 174 | 169 | 172 | |
2. Füllstoff [A/cm2] | 0,04 | 0,05 | 156 | ||||
spez. Widerstand | 1,1×105 | 2,5×107 | 33,5 | 18,2 | 13,5 | 11,0 | |
2. Füllstoff [Ωcm] | 1,0×105 | 8,0×104 | 26,0 | ||||
Schaltzone [cm]/ | 0,3 | 0,3 | \ | \ | 0,4 | 0,6 | |
Energiedichte [J/cm3] bei 300V / 500V | 890/+ | +/+ | 520/+ | 420 | 250 | ||
Schaltzone [cm]/ | - | - | - | \ | \ | 1,8 | 1,8 |
Energiedichte [J/cm3] bei 850V | 250 | 216 | |||||
Schaltzone [cm]/ | \ | \ | \ | 1,0 | 2,0 | 2,0 | - |
Energiedichte [J/cm3] bei 1'200V | 400 | 233 | 203 |
Claims (12)
- Elektrisches Widerstandselement mit einem zwischen zwei Kontaktanschlüssen angeordneten Widerstandskörper aus einer Polymermatrix und einem ersten pulverförmigen Füllstoff aus einem Material, welches einen spezifischen Widerstand von höchstens 10-3Ωcm aufweist und einem zweiten pulverförmigen Füllstoff, der einen mit zunehmender Feldstärke abnehmenden spezifischen Widerstand aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der spezifische Widerstand des zweiten Füllstoffs bei Feldstärken ≥2'000V/cm nicht grösser als 50Ωcm ist.
- Widerstandselement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der spezifische Widerstand des Materials des zweiten Füllstoffs mindestens 10-2Ωcm beträgt.
- Widerstandselement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durchschnittliche Teilchengrösse des zweiten Füllstoffs über derjenigen des ersten Füllstoffs liegt.
- Widerstandselement nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Quotient aus der durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse des ersten Füllstoffs und der durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse des zweiten Füllstoffs mindestens 2 beträgt.
- Widerstandselement nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Quotient aus der durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse des ersten Füllstoffs und der durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse des zweiten Füllstoffs höchstens 5 beträgt.
- Widerstandselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Füllstoff im wesentlichen aus mindestens einem der folgenden Stoffe besteht: Pulver von dotiertem SiC, Pulver von dotiertem ZnO.
- Widerstandselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilchengrössen des zweiten Füllstoffs im wesentlichen zwischen 50µ und 200µ liegen.
- Widerstandselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Füllstoff im wesentlichen aus Pulver von TiB2, TiC, VC, WC oder ZrBr2 besteht.
- Widerstandselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilchengrössen des ersten Füllstoffs im wesentlichen zwischen 10µ und 40µ liegen.
- Widerstandselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polymermatrix im wesentlichen aus einem Thermoplasten, insbesondere einem HD-Polyäthylen oder aus einem Duromer besteht.
- Widerstandselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil des ersten Füllstoffs am Widerstandskörper zwischen 30 und 70%(Vol.) beträgt.
- Widerstandselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil des zweiten Füllstoffs am Widerstandskörper zwischen 10 und 40%(Vol.) beträgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19800470 | 1998-01-09 | ||
DE19800470A DE19800470A1 (de) | 1998-01-09 | 1998-01-09 | Widerstandselement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0936632A1 true EP0936632A1 (de) | 1999-08-18 |
EP0936632B1 EP0936632B1 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
Family
ID=7854171
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98811217A Expired - Lifetime EP0936632B1 (de) | 1998-01-09 | 1998-12-10 | Widerstandselement |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6157290A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0936632B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1143324C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE218242T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19800470A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1027784B2 (de) * | 1997-10-28 | 2010-05-26 | First Data Mobile Holdings Limited | Verfahren zum digitalen signieren einer nachricht |
JP3503548B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-12 | 2004-03-08 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 電圧非直線抵抗体及びその製造方法、並びに、この電圧非直線抵抗体を用いたバリスタ |
JP3598954B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-21 | 2004-12-08 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 電圧非直線抵抗体の製造方法 |
US6645393B2 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2003-11-11 | Inpaq Technology Co., Ltd. | Material compositions for transient voltage suppressors |
ATE403935T1 (de) * | 2004-04-06 | 2008-08-15 | Abb Research Ltd | Elektrisches nichtlineares material für anwendungen mit hoher und mittlerer spannung |
CN101666613B (zh) * | 2009-09-25 | 2012-10-31 | 上海宏力半导体制造有限公司 | 提取电阻模型长度偏差值的方法 |
DE102010008603A1 (de) * | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, 93055 | Elektrisches Widerstandselement |
CN103094890A (zh) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-05-08 | 上官春轶 | 柔性限流电路 |
CN103368165A (zh) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-10-23 | 顾敏珠 | 消弧、消谐及过电压保护装置 |
CN103632784B (zh) * | 2013-11-23 | 2016-04-13 | 华中科技大学 | 一种叠层片式热压敏复合电阻器及其制备方法 |
GB2541465A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-02-22 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Electrical assembly |
CN108727031B (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2021-02-12 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种碳化硅基复相压敏陶瓷及其液相烧结制备方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2547451A1 (fr) * | 1983-06-13 | 1984-12-14 | Electricite De France | Materiau composite a resistance electrique non lineaire, notamment pour la repartition du potentiel dans les extremites de cables |
US4910389A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-03-20 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer compositions |
US5313184A (en) * | 1991-12-21 | 1994-05-17 | Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. | Resistor with PTC behavior |
WO1994025966A1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-10 | Mark Mitchnick | Conductive polymers |
WO1997026693A1 (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-24 | Raychem Gmbh | Electrical stress control |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0777161B2 (ja) * | 1986-10-24 | 1995-08-16 | 日本メクトロン株式会社 | Ptc組成物、その製造法およびptc素子 |
SE468026B (sv) * | 1990-06-05 | 1992-10-19 | Asea Brown Boveri | Saett att framstaella en elektrisk anordning |
US5378407A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1995-01-03 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer composition |
DE4221309A1 (de) * | 1992-06-29 | 1994-01-05 | Abb Research Ltd | Strombegrenzendes Element |
DE4427161A1 (de) * | 1994-08-01 | 1996-02-08 | Abb Research Ltd | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines PTC-Widerstandes und danach hergestellter Widerstand |
DE19520869A1 (de) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-12 | Abb Research Ltd | PTC-Widerstand |
US5798060A (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Static-dissipative polymeric composition |
-
1998
- 1998-01-09 DE DE19800470A patent/DE19800470A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-12-10 DE DE59804235T patent/DE59804235D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-10 EP EP98811217A patent/EP0936632B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-10 AT AT98811217T patent/ATE218242T1/de active
-
1999
- 1999-01-07 US US09/226,170 patent/US6157290A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-08 CN CNB991010396A patent/CN1143324C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2547451A1 (fr) * | 1983-06-13 | 1984-12-14 | Electricite De France | Materiau composite a resistance electrique non lineaire, notamment pour la repartition du potentiel dans les extremites de cables |
US4910389A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-03-20 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer compositions |
US5313184A (en) * | 1991-12-21 | 1994-05-17 | Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. | Resistor with PTC behavior |
WO1994025966A1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-10 | Mark Mitchnick | Conductive polymers |
WO1997026693A1 (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-24 | Raychem Gmbh | Electrical stress control |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6157290A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
EP0936632B1 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
DE59804235D1 (de) | 2002-07-04 |
ATE218242T1 (de) | 2002-06-15 |
CN1143324C (zh) | 2004-03-24 |
CN1226733A (zh) | 1999-08-25 |
DE19800470A1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
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