EP0894282A1 - Affichage a cristaux liquides et procede associe - Google Patents

Affichage a cristaux liquides et procede associe

Info

Publication number
EP0894282A1
EP0894282A1 EP97918498A EP97918498A EP0894282A1 EP 0894282 A1 EP0894282 A1 EP 0894282A1 EP 97918498 A EP97918498 A EP 97918498A EP 97918498 A EP97918498 A EP 97918498A EP 0894282 A1 EP0894282 A1 EP 0894282A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
layer
dye
polarizing coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97918498A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0894282A4 (fr
Inventor
Ir Gvon Khan
Yuri A. Bobrov
Victor A. Bykov
Leonid Y. Ignatov
Pavel I. Lazarev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Optiva Inc
Original Assignee
Russian Technology Group
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Russian Technology Group filed Critical Russian Technology Group
Publication of EP0894282A1 publication Critical patent/EP0894282A1/fr
Publication of EP0894282A4 publication Critical patent/EP0894282A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G02F1/133516—Methods for their manufacture, e.g. printing, electro-deposition or photolithography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133538—Polarisers with spatial distribution of the polarisation direction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films

Definitions

  • This invention refers to information display devices, and in particular, to liquid crystal (LC) cells, that can be employed in systems involving optical devices for various purposes, such as planar displays, optical modulators and matrix systems of light modulation.
  • LC liquid crystal
  • the known devices of this type usually comprise a flat cell formed by two parallel glass plates with electrodes deposited onto the inner surfaces of the plates.
  • the electrodes are made of a conducting optically transparent material such as tin dioxide.
  • the surface of the plate carrying the electrode is specially treated to ensure the required homogeneous orientation of the molecules of liquid crystal both at the surface and in the bulk of the LC.
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal near the plate surfaces are aligned parallel to the orientation directions of each of the plates. Usually these orientation directions are perpendicular.
  • the polarizers employed for this purpose are usually based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films colored by iodine vapors or dichroic dyes; they possess low mechanical strength. Thus special protection measures are required to avoid mechanical damage of the system, making the device more complicated and expensive. As a result, the polarizer can become a complex structure containing up to ten layers :
  • an assembled liquid crystal cell can have more than 20 layers . Note that damage of only one of these layers can make the polarizer inapplicable for use in LC cells. For example see A.E. Perregaux, "Polarizers for liquid crystal devices: the user's viewpoint", SPIE,
  • the plates carrying deposited transparent electrodes are covered with a polymer (e.g., PVA) solution that may also contain iodine or a dichroic dye.
  • a polymer e.g., PVA
  • the polymer solution is subjected to a shear deformation (e.g., using a squegee moved along the plate surface) , upon which the linear polymer molecules are aligned in the direction of squegee motion.
  • a shear deformation e.g., using a squegee moved along the plate surface
  • the cell (containing iodine or a dichroic dye) is oriented and can simultaneously produce both the polarization of light and the alignment of liquid crystal. Then the cell is assembled, filled with a liquid-crystalline compound, and sealed. In this system, the polarizer is inside the cell and is thus protected against the external mechanical factors. For example see U.S.
  • Patent No. 3,941,901 issued March 2, 1976 to Thomas B.
  • the main disadvantages of this device are as follows: (a) Low thermal stability, which is caused by the use of polyvinyl alcohol (or other vinyl polymers) for obtaining the polarizing film, and iodine for dyeing the film;
  • the gel is then mechanically oriented (e.g., by centrifugation), which ensures obtaining a thin dye film of required thickness.
  • the surface of the plate carries a thin film of a molecularly oriented dye layer, which serves simultaneously as a polarizer and a alignment layer for homogeneously oriented liquid crystal. Therefore, this system, like that described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 3,941,901, does not require deposition of any additional alignment layers.
  • the plates prepared in this manner are used to assemble a standard LC cell, which is filled with an appropriate liquid-crystalline compound and sealed.
  • the dichroic dyes are usually represented by compounds of the azoxy group having anisotropic molecules (e.g., chrysophenine, Brilliant Yellow,
  • Dyes used for creating the polarizing films belong to the class of azo compounds, which have relatively poor thermal and light stability;
  • This LC cell design is characterized by differing surface properties between the materials of transparent electrode and substrate and by a marked relief of the transparent electrode surface, which result in a disorientation of the polarizing coating on the contour boundary of the transparent electrode;
  • This LC cell design requires placing the reflector on the outer side of the substrate plae in a reflection mode cell, which markedly reduces the advantages achieved by using a cell design with internal polarizing films .
  • This cell design does not allow creation of anLC cell embodiment employing the supertwist effect .
  • the purpose of this invention is then to create LC elements with increased performance over previously known LC cells, including thcellse LC cells of the reflection type and the LC cells based on the supertwist effect, with the arrangement of all functional optical layers on the inner side of substrates.
  • the internal polarizers are represented by a thin layer of molecular-oriented dichroic dyes forming a polarizing coating
  • the polarizing coating is formed from a lyotropic liquid crystalline composition based on organic dyes capable of forming the corresponding LC phase described, (e.g., by formulas l-X) to provide for polarizers with high thermal and light stability;
  • the reflecting film is formed on the inner surface of the plate
  • the color compensation is achieved by forming a birefringent non-absorbing film with preset optical thickness on the polarizing coating;
  • liquid-crystalline compositions employed for the obtaining of polarizing coatings contain the following components:
  • This additive can be any of the following types of substances: low-volatile and high-molecular compounds containing various functional groups (OH, COOH, CONH2, NH, CHO, CO, etc.) , for example, pentaerythritol, succinic aldehyde, hydroxycarboxylic acids, poly(ethylene glycol) , poly(acrylic acid) , poly(acrylamide) , poly(ethyleneimine) , polyethylene - polyamines, poly(propyleneglycol) , their copolymers, etc.
  • functional groups OH, COOH, CONH2, NH, CHO, CO, etc.
  • various lacquers, binders, and glue compositions including organoelemental ones, such as organosilicon lacquers of the KO grade (where 'KO' is a Russian grade of organosilicon lacquers) ; liquid-crystalline polymers, for example, poly(n-benzamide) , poly(n- phenylene terephthalimide) , and cellulose esters (hydroxypropyl or ethyl derivatives) .
  • a surfactant which facilitates wetting of the substrate surface;
  • An antioxidant or inhibitor which is introduced into the lyotropic liquid-crystalline composition to increase its stability to light and elevated temperature, or to the action of oxidizers, lacquers, and glues .
  • Figures 1 to 6 show schematic diagrams of various types of LC cells proposed. These include a transmission cell based on a usual twist-nematic liquid crystal (Fig. 1) , a transmission cell based on a usual twist-nematic LC with a differing arrangement of the polarizing layer and electrodes (Fig. 2) , a reflection cell based on a usual nematic LC (Fig. 3) , a transmission cell based on a supertwist-nematic LC (Fig. 4) , an LC cell with the effect of switch color (Fig. 5) , and a color matrix LC display (Fig. 6) .
  • Fig. 1 transmission cell based on a usual twist-nematic liquid crystal
  • Fig. 3 a transmission cell based on a usual twist-nematic LC with a differing arrangement of the polarizing layer and electrodes
  • Fig. 3 a reflection cell based on a usual nematic LC
  • Fig. 4 a transmission cell
  • the LC element depicted in Fig. 1 comprises two plates (1 and 2) made of glass, plastic, or any other rigid or flexible transparent material.
  • the inner surfaces of these plates facing layer 3 of a nematic liquid crystal are carrying transparent electrodes 4 and 5.
  • Each electrode is covered by a dielectric film
  • the surface of the film can be rendered orientationally anisotropic by rubbing or by some other method, in order to ensure proper orientation of molecules in the polarizing coatings (8 and 9) deposited onto this film.
  • the coatings are oriented in such a way that their axes on plates 1 and 2 are perpendicular to one another. Note that it is the polarizing coatings themselves which produce alignment of the nematic liquid crystal.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a transmission LC cell, in which a surface of plates 1 and 2 is initially coated with a polarizing film 8 and 9, respectively, protected by a layer 6 and 7, respectively, above which a transparent electrode 4 and 5, respectively, are deposited. These are followed by a layer 10 and 11, respectively, for aligning the nematic liquid crystal.
  • This structure ensures the required smoothness of polarizing film and provides its isolation from the liquid crystal layer, thus preventing LC from becoming contaminated with ions or molecules of foreign substances that can be in the polarizing film.
  • the second (mirror-supporting) plate 2 can be made either transparent or non-transparent (e.g., crystalline silicon) .
  • This second plate is coated with a diffuse-reflecting layer 12.
  • the reflecting film can be obtained by depositing a polymeric layer containing particles of an arbitrary or special shape and dimensions, having the refractive index differing from that of the polymer itself.
  • a polymer film containing suspended aluminium powder, or some other highly reflecting material can be deposited.
  • a pattern in or on the plate surface can be created, onto which a reflecting layer 12 (e.g., an aluminum film) is deposited.
  • the pattern can be formed by treating the surface with an abrasive tool, engraving, pressing, depositing a polymeric film with particles having certain shapes and dimensions, or by selectively etching the plate surface (or an overlayer of polymer or some other material) through a mask.
  • an aluminum film can also serve as the continuous electrode.
  • electrodes of any desired configuration e.g., rectangular matrices for planar matrix displays
  • the polarizing coating can be deposited onto the reflecting layer either immediately or with a smoothening and isolating interlayer pre ⁇ formed on the reflector.
  • a special electrode layer can be deposited onto an insulating interlayer or the reflecting film.
  • the insulating layer can be represented by a polymeric film, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, or some other nonconducting material.
  • the polarizing coating can also be deposited either directly on the reflector or above the electrodes.
  • Another transmission mode embodiment of a LC cell is shown in Fig. 4 having a super twisted nematic LC 3. Color compensation is provided by an additional optically anisotropic film 13 with a preset optical thickness, formed on the second (reflecting) plate 2.
  • This film can be deposited either directly onto polarizing film 9, or above the pre-deposited layers 5, 7, or 11 (see Fig. 2) .
  • Optical anisotropy is obtained through orientation of molecules in the deposited polymer (or LC-polymer) layer under the action of electromagnetic forces or by mechanically stretching the layer during or after the deposition.
  • a photoanisotropic material which, by photopolymerization of the film in a polarized light allows anisotropic films to be obtained having a specific differential optical pathlength and orientation of the birefringence ellipsoid axes. See Russian Patent No. 2,013,794, "Liquid Crystal Indicator Element” , published May 30, 1994, and incorporated herein by reference.
  • a reflection mode embodiment of an LC cell with a supertwist-nematic film, shown in Fig. 4, may require two additional optically anisotropic layers to be formed. These layers are deposited onto both plates and situated between the polarizing films. They can be applied directly onto the polarizing coatings or indirectly using interlayers .
  • a polarizing layer with differently colored regions can be formed. This markedly extends the informational and ergonomic possibilities of the LC display devices.
  • the ability to switch colors can be also provided as shown in the embodiment of Fig. 5.
  • This embodiment uses a neutral grey polarizing film 8 deposited onto one plate, and two polarizing films (9 and 9') applied
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a color matrix LC display obtained by properly arranging the polarizing elements inside the device.
  • the polarizing film is applied either directly onto color filter 15, supported by a transparent electrode matrix 5, or with interlayer 7.
  • a color filter or a preset color pattern can be produced either by deposition through a photoresist mask, selective dyeing of the polymer layer with the desired dye, deposition of a dye film with the aid of stenciling techniques or by other printing methods.
  • the arrangement of the polarizer and color filter are not restricted and depends only on convenience and or the technology of layer deposition employed.
  • the principles of operation of an LC display with polarizing elements situated inside the cell can be considered for a transmission embodiment of the display cell having a nematic LC with
  • Nonpolarized light flux is incident to the device from the side of first plate 1.
  • the light Upon transmission through substrate plate 1, transparent electrode 4, and smoothing interlayer 6, the light is polarized on passage through polarizing film 8. If no voltage is applied to the cell electrodes, the polarized light passes through the layer of liquid crystal 3, whereby its plane of polarization is rotated by 90° and leaves the device, without any additional attenuation, through the second polarizing film 9, interlayer 7, transparent electrode 5, and plate 2. The electrode area would appear as bright.
  • the electric field will convert the nematic LC from the twisted form to the homeotropic.
  • the optical axis of the nematic LC is oriented perpendicular to plates 1 and 2, and the liquid crystal no longer rotates the plane of polarization of the transmitted light.
  • the polarization determined by polarizer 8 will not change upon transmission of the light through the LC.
  • the direction of polarization at the exit from nematic LC 3 will be perpendicular to the orientation of the second polarizer 9. Therefore, . the light will be absorbed by polarizer 9 and this region will appear dark.
  • the regions of the cell area where no electrode film is deposited will always appear as bright . Because the polarization of a plane-polarized light does not change on reflection, the reflection embodiment of the LC cell will operate essentially in the same manner.
  • the only difference consists in that the light does not pass through plate 2, but doubly travels through all other component layers.
  • the plane- polarized light produced by the first polarizer 8 passes through the twisted nematic and becomes elliptically polarized.
  • the light acquires color because the optical pathlength depends on the wavelength.
  • the optically anisotropic exit layer either compensates coloration of the transmitted light so as to obtain non-colored light at the cell output, or produces the desired color on properly selecting the initial directions of the polarizer axes, the mutual orientation of polarizer and the anisotropic layer, and the thickness of the anisotropic layer.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the principle of operation of a color switching device.
  • the light passes sequentially through the first polarizing film 8, the nematic liquid crystal 3, which rotates the plane of polarization by 90°, the polarizing film 9' (whose polarization axis is perpendicular to that of first polarizer 8) , and is absorbed by the second layer of a dichroic polarizer 9 (whose polarization axis is perpendicular to that of layer 9 ' ) .
  • the polarization plane of light does not change upon the passage through the liquid crystal. The light is absorbed by the dichroic polarizer 9' and acquires a different color.
  • the matrix LC display (Fig. 6) .
  • the light passes through polarizer 8, liquid crystal, and the second neutral polarizer 9, and is selectively absorbed by dyed layer 14 to give the device the corresponding color.
  • the device is switched on, the light is polarized by polarizer 8, passes the liquid crystal layer without rotation of the polarization plane, and is blocked by polarizer 9. As a result, the device appears as dark.
  • An important distinguishing feature of this invention consists in that the LC display devices (whose variety is not restricted to the examples given above) employ the polarizing films based on the organic dyes capable of forming lyotropic LC phases. These dyes give stable lyotropic LC compositions.
  • LC displays of various colors can be obtained.
  • the grey color can be also obtained as a result of the layer-by-layer deposition of yellow, red, and blue polarizing films during the formation of polarizers on the cell plates.
  • lyotropic LC compositions for the formation of polarizers allows both monochrome and colored LC indicators and displays to be made.
  • various methods of layer deposition during the application of polarizing coatings can be employed. These include photogravure and flexographic printing techniques with the use of polygraphic equipment.
  • additional orienting and brightness-enhancing layers can be included in the device structure. These layers can be deposited using the same equipment as that employed for the polarizing film application.
  • dye-based polarizing coatings as polarizers does not exclude the use of conventional polarizing films, including the iodine-colored PVA- based polarizers.
  • a combination of internal polarizing coating on a first plate with iodine-colored reflecting or transmission polarizer adhered to the external surface of a second plate leads to a device characterized by high contrast of the image and no need in the additional glass usually required for protecting the polarizer glued to the external surface of the first plate.
  • polarization coatings allows formation of LC display cells with a traditional external arrangement of polarizers.
  • a polarizing coating is applied onto a transparent polymeric film, and this film polarizer is fixed to the external surface of plates . Note that such a device would contain a smaller number of component layers as compared to a conventional LC device with PVA-based polarizing films.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides comprend des première et deuxième plaques (1) et (2) de substrat et une couche de cristaux liquides située entre ces mêmes plaques (1) et (2). Un revêtement polarisant (8) ou (9) comprenant des molécules d'un ou de plusieurs colorants organiques capables de former une phase cristalline liquide lyotropique, est formé au-dessus d'une surface sélectionnée de chaque plaque (1) et (2). L'orientation du revêtement polarisant (8) ou (9) résulte de l'application d'une force sur les molécules de colorant pendant la phase cristalline liquide suivie de la transformation de la phase cristalline liquide en film durci.
EP97918498A 1996-04-15 1997-04-15 Affichage a cristaux liquides et procede associe Withdrawn EP0894282A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU96107430 1996-04-15
RU96107430A RU2120651C1 (ru) 1996-04-15 1996-04-15 Жидкокристаллический индикаторный элемент
PCT/US1997/005423 WO1997039380A1 (fr) 1996-04-15 1997-04-15 Affichage a cristaux liquides et procede associe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0894282A1 true EP0894282A1 (fr) 1999-02-03
EP0894282A4 EP0894282A4 (fr) 2000-07-12

Family

ID=20179389

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97918498A Withdrawn EP0894282A4 (fr) 1996-04-15 1997-04-15 Affichage a cristaux liquides et procede associe

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0894282A4 (fr)
JP (2) JP3755831B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1111755C (fr)
AU (1) AU2659197A (fr)
RU (1) RU2120651C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997039380A1 (fr)

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JP2001091747A (ja) * 1999-09-27 2001-04-06 Nitto Denko Corp 液晶セル基板
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JP2006048078A (ja) 2006-02-16
CN1111755C (zh) 2003-06-18
RU2120651C1 (ru) 1998-10-20
CN1218557A (zh) 1999-06-02
JP3755831B2 (ja) 2006-03-15
EP0894282A4 (fr) 2000-07-12
WO1997039380A1 (fr) 1997-10-23
JP2001504238A (ja) 2001-03-27
JP4152979B2 (ja) 2008-09-17

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