EP0859558B1 - Filterzigarette - Google Patents

Filterzigarette Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0859558B1
EP0859558B1 EP96937308A EP96937308A EP0859558B1 EP 0859558 B1 EP0859558 B1 EP 0859558B1 EP 96937308 A EP96937308 A EP 96937308A EP 96937308 A EP96937308 A EP 96937308A EP 0859558 B1 EP0859558 B1 EP 0859558B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
additive
cigarette according
filter cigarette
present
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96937308A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0859558A1 (de
Inventor
Eberhard Teufel
Wolfgang Sexauer
Rolf Willmund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerdia Produktions GmbH
Original Assignee
Rhodia Acetow GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rhodia Acetow GmbH filed Critical Rhodia Acetow GmbH
Publication of EP0859558A1 publication Critical patent/EP0859558A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0859558B1 publication Critical patent/EP0859558B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A24D3/048—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure containing additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter cigarette, the filter of which is an additive with an antimutagenic Contains effects on cigarette smoke.
  • Antimutagenic active ingredients are known from food technology. There, many of the mutagens found in foods and their separation mechanisms are also examined and illustrated (see, inter alia, P. Grasso, CO'Hare; Chemical Carcinogens ACS Monograph (Ch.E. Searle ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington (1976), Pp. 700 - 728). Some pyrolysis products of proteins are regarded as the most effective mutagens in food today, such as the compounds Tr-P1, Tr-P2, Glu-P1, Glu-P2 or IQ (see, among others, K. Wakabayashi, M. Nagao, H. Esumi, T. Sugimura; Cancer Research, 52. (1992), pp. 2092-2098).
  • mutagens show mutagenicity tests, such as the Ames test well known in the art (Ames et al., Methods for Detecting Carcinogens and Mutagens with the Salmonella / Mammalian-Microsome Mutagenicity Test., Mutat. Res. 31 , pp. 347-364 and C. Smith et al .; Mutation Research, 279 , (1992), pp. 61-73), an extremely high mutagenic potential.
  • Such compounds can obviously be bound in living organisms with high efficiency in the aqueous phase to constituents of mostly plant-based foods and thus effectively removed from the metabolism as water-insoluble complex compounds.
  • Such antimutagenic substances include chlorophylline and hemin and related derivatives (see, inter alia, R. Dashwood, D. Gno; Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 22 , (1993), pp. 166-171, S. Arimoto, H. Hayatsu; Mutation Research, 213 , (1989), pp. 217-226, and Kato et al., Mutation Research, 246 , (1991), pp. 169-178).
  • DE-PS 1 300 854 describes the use of acidic carboxylic acid alkyl esters as crosslinking or Solidifying agent. A number are based on the disclosure of this patent further writings on the use of organic acids as a filter additive to the Increase nicotine retention specifically. The special thing about this idea is that the additive also acts as a plasticizer and thus an industrial production of Filter is easily possible. However, DE-PS 1 300 854 does not disclose any indication of how mutagenic substances could be removed from cigarette smoke. The same applies also for teaching according to DE-OS 43 20 348, which also use organic acids as a filter additive.
  • DE-OS 25 27 234, JP 50-125100 and JP 51-32799 describe the use of Cyclodextrin, in particular of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, for the filtration of in particular nicotine.
  • This additive can be applied directly to cellulose acetate filters or as granules done in chamber filters.
  • the amounts described are extremely high, 30 to 80 mg per filter after the two Japanese applications and "mainly or exclusively "according to the information in DE-OS 25 27 234. About a possible No reduction in the biological activity of the smoke is reported.
  • US Pat. No. 5,409,021 describes a cigarette filter as a double or triple chamber filter, where the chamber contains lignin as a filler.
  • the in the examples The amounts of effective lignin mentioned are between 22 and 66 mg.
  • the known filter is specific to nicotine, benzpyrene, CO, metals and tobacco Effective in nitrosamines.
  • the reduction in biological activity according to the Ames test (TA 98) is not addressed.
  • the amount of additive used is approx. 20 up to 50% of the filter fiber weight.
  • EP-A-0 493 026 describes the impregnation of a cellulose acetate filter with a N, N'-bis (3-triethoxysilyl-propyl) thiocarbamide monomer in concentrations of 6 to 15%. The measure results in an increased filter efficiency compared to polycyclic Aromatics, metals and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Statements about retention of the filter used are not made. Nor will it affect the biological activity of the smoke was treated in the Ames test (TA 98).
  • Russian patent 2 010 546 describes a combination of the teachings according to EP-A-0 493,026 and U.S. Patent 5,409,021.
  • JP-5-23159 describes a cigarette filter with ellagic acid as an additive. Here will also addressed their antimutagenic effects.
  • the amounts of additive are 1 to 10 mg per filter recommended. Its antimutagenic activity according to the Ames test (TA 98) is not proven.
  • EP-A-0 246 330 describes the reduction in mutagenicity in the Ames test (TA 98) through activated cellulose powder, cellulose ion exchangers or with hemin doped celluloses in powder form.
  • the examples only describe Chamber filter. The amount of powder you need to reduce the to achieve specific mutagenicity of more than 10% are well above 15%, based on the filter fiber weight used.
  • the additive should also be between the Acetate fibers of a monofilter can be sprinkled in. About the effectiveness of this Measure is not specified. Reviews have shown that only with an amount of additive of significantly more than 10 mg per filter an effect in the Ames test (TA 98) of more than 10% can be achieved.
  • the invention Task to propose a filter cigarette of the type described at the tobacco smoke is filtered in such a way that, according to the Ames test with the TA strain 98 measured, mutagenic substances with a selectivity of at least 10%, especially more than 20%, better than other smoke ingredients. Further the invention is intended to propose a particularly suitable method, such as the additive the filter is applied.
  • the filter design is of crucial importance. It has Surprisingly, it has been shown that the effectiveness of the invention Measures a minimum retention is required with filters in today commercial cigarettes is rarely achieved. As a retention, the The present application used the nicotine retention as a guide.
  • the filtration performance of a cigarette filter is next to the material properties of the Filter material from the dimensions of the filter, such as diameter and filter length, and the pressure drop in the filter (the term is used in the cigarette industry Tensile resistance to denote the pressure drop).
  • the required filtration performance of a filter and here in particular the nicotine retention can be expressed by the following empirically determined equation: R N ⁇ 100 * (1-D), where R N represents nicotine retention (in percent) and D represents the permeability of the filter to nicotine.
  • the variable A is calculated by subtracting the actual filter length 1 from the length of a king-size filter I o .
  • the CORESTA is used for the smoke to determine the minimum retention Monitor cigarette No. 2 (see Coresta Approved Monitor No. 2 (CM2) from Fa. borgwaldt technik D - 22525 Hamburg). Because this product is only for one Diameter is defined, tobacco strands are made with other cigarette diameters identical tobacco (flue cured), strand paper, casing and tobacco density used. Since the Nicotine retention is independent of strand dimensions, and nicotine retention of cigarette filters when using flue cured tobacco is identical to the Condensate retention (G. Lipp: Contributions to Tobacco Research 3, 109 (1965)) is the Procedure for determining retention is not critical.
  • Filter material is not critical. This can be the case with these materials, for example around fibers made of polypropylene, viscose, polyester and in particular cellulose Trade materials.
  • Cellulose acetate is particularly preferred. You can the fibrous filter materials in the form of a filter tow or a fleece be used. It is particularly advantageous if a filter tow is made from a Cellulose acetate exists. In the event that a fleece is used, this exists preferably made of paper, but nonwovens made of highly fibrillated can also be used cellulosic fibers or so-called melt-blown nonwovens and spunbonded nonwovens become.
  • this preferably contains Staple fibers and / or filaments of a titer of less than 3 dtex, in particular of 1.0 to 2.7 dtex. In this case, a particularly good filter effect is achieved.
  • the desired filter effect is also increased by the fact that the filter is ventilated.
  • a filter for further explanation of a filter, reference is made to EP-B-0 368 065. From this it is known that in ventilated cigarettes the separation of volatile, especially steam-volatile substances, with increasing degree of ventilation increases. In the context of the invention, it is a degree of ventilation of at least 15%, in particular from 20 to 70%, advantageous.
  • the additive is present in the filter cigarette in an amount of less than 15% by mass, based on the fiber weight of the filter.
  • This low proportion is surprising and is only possible due to the special filter construction which characterizes the filter cigarette according to the invention.
  • This value can be significantly reduced if the additives are selected advantageously. It is possible and advantageous in individual cases if the additive is present in an amount of less than 10% by mass, in particular less than 7% by mass, based on the fiber weight of the filter. The minimum value is about 0.5% by mass, based on the fiber weight of the filter.
  • Various groups of compounds which have a selective filtering action against the pyrolysis products of amino acids or proteins can be used here with particular advantage. This includes the connection Tr-P1 etc.
  • an additive in the form of an acid, an acidic salt of an acid and / or an acidic carboxylic acid ester b) an additive in the form of a macromolecular, hydrophilic organic compound with internal cavities for complex integration of low-molecular substances, c) an additive in the form of phenolic compounds and / or d) an additive in the form of a complexing agent for low molecular weight substances.
  • These groups of compounds include: Group a): acidic citric acid esters (these compounds also act simultaneously as plasticizers for cellulose acetate and can therefore also be applied without problems via the plasticizer dosage, preferably in a mixture with other plasticizers), suberic acid, acidic maleic acid Fumaric acid and / or adipic acid esters, in particular in the form of the alkyl acid esters, among which the methyl and ethyl esters are preferred, b) an additive in the form of poly- and / or oligosaccharides, in particular in the form of activated celluloses and starch derivatives and / or cyclodextrin, wherein the ⁇ -cyclodextrin is particularly preferred, and in the form of a native protein, in particular in the form of ⁇ -lactoglobulin, c) an additive in the form of ellagic acid and / or lignin, and d) an additive in the form of a metal complex of porphyrins, such as
  • the filter cigarettes according to the invention can be produced using conventional methods.
  • the additive be made from a filter fibrous filter material, in particular in the form of cellulose acetate, in a mixture with a plasticizer, especially in the form of glycerol triacetate, in a conventional Filter rod production is applied.
  • the advantages of the invention can be outlined as follows:
  • the chosen one Filtration concept allows the required effects to be achieved with a minimal amount of material Achieve additive.
  • optimization is possible when additives are out the addressed defined substance groups can be selected to achieve the filter effect to improve.
  • This advantage is borne by the knowledge that here one special target group of mutagenic substances must be filtered selectively.
  • the effects demonstrated in the Ames test can be higher in cell cultures Organisms, such as the hamster cell test of cell culture V79, in full to verify. This impressively underlines the relevance of the present invention in regarding the question of smoking and health.
  • An advantage that should not be underestimated Invention is that a particularly suitable method for the industrial manufacture of Filters are specified without significant modification to existing technologies is feasible.
  • a paper from Julius Glatz, Toiletfabriken, Neidenfels, Federal Republic of Germany with the designation F 796-28 was used as filter wrapping paper.
  • the additive was applied in a mixture with triacetin by means of the plasticizer dosage. Diethyl citrate (CDE) (Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Chemische Fabrik, Mannheim, Federal Republic of Germany, Art. 663502) and lignin (lignin organosolv from Aldrich-Chemie, Steinheim, Federal Republic of Germany, Art. 37,101-7) were used as additives.
  • the plasticizer was determined by differential weighing of filter rods with and without plasticizer.
  • the additive layer was calculated on the basis of the plasticizer layer and the concentration of the plasticizer in the triacetin.
  • Table I contains a compilation of the filter rods produced: Name of the sample Titer Tensile resistance (mmWS) Fiber weight (mg) Plasticizer pad (%) Type u. Amount of additive (%) A1.5 1.5 Y 30 SK 462 530 6.9 - A3.0 3.0 Y 35 HK 412 663 7.8 - A8.0 8.0 Y 35 HK 182 638 7.9 - B1.5-1 1.5 Y 30 SK 452 527 8.4 2.6 CDE B1.5-2 1.5 Y 30 SK 465 527 13.9 4.3 CDE B3.0 3.0 Y 35 HK 422 667 8.3 2.5 CDE B8.0 8.0 Y 35 HK 174 636 8.0 2.4 CDE C1.5 1.5 Y 30 SK 457 521 13.8 1.0 lignin C3.0 3.0 Y 35 HK 421 665 13.9 1.0 lignin C8.0 8.0 Y 35 HK 186 651 13.2 1.0 lignin
  • the filter rods were cut to a length of 20 mm, glued to the tobacco rod of a CORESTA monitor cigarette and according to CORESTA recommended method No. 22 and 23 smoked.
  • the nicotine determination and the determination of the nicotine retention was carried out according to the methods CORESTA recommended method No. 7 and 9.
  • the condensate was measured using the Ames test (Maron, Dorothy M. and Ames, Bruce N., Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test, Mutation Research, 113 (1983) 173-215, taking into account the information contained in the OECD Guideline for Testing of chemicals No. 471 general conditions described on May 26, 1983) tested for their mutagenic effect. All experiments were carried out with the bacterial strain TA 98 with metabolic activation. The condensate extraction for the Ames test was carried out according to the standards CORESTA recommended No. 22 and 23. Since smoking of the experimental cigarettes, due to the unequal filter effectiveness of the Experimental filters, different amounts of condensate are created Condensate solutions brought to an equal concentration by dilution Statement about the specific, i.e.
  • the extraction of the smoked Cambridge filter and the dilution will carried out as follows:
  • the Cambridge filter is in 50 ml ethanol p.A.
  • An aliquot part of the solution is removed and its absorbance UV-spectroscopically at a wavelength of 310 nm determined.
  • the original condensate solution is then diluted so that it has an absorbance of 2.0 in purely arithmetical terms. This corresponds to one Wet condensate concentration, depending on the moisture and nicotine content of the wet condensate of about 4 mg / ml ethanol.
  • the example shows that by increasing the amount of additive also An increase in the antimutagenic effect is achieved (cf. in particular sample B1.5-2), but that the amount of additive used, in comparison to the known filters with additives, is very low. This means that according to the present invention with relatively small amounts of additive a very high reduction in mutagenicity is achieved.
  • the values of the measured nicotine retention for those with B and C Samples labeled are for illustration purposes only. Especially shows up for the samples designated B that, in accordance with the teaching of DE-PS 1 300 854, nicotine retention is significantly increased by diethyl citrate.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
EP96937308A 1995-11-09 1996-10-31 Filterzigarette Expired - Lifetime EP0859558B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19541873 1995-11-09
DE19541873A DE19541873A1 (de) 1995-11-09 1995-11-09 Filterzigarette
PCT/EP1996/004733 WO1997016986A1 (de) 1995-11-09 1996-10-31 Filterzigarette

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0859558A1 EP0859558A1 (de) 1998-08-26
EP0859558B1 true EP0859558B1 (de) 2000-10-11

Family

ID=7777081

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96937308A Expired - Lifetime EP0859558B1 (de) 1995-11-09 1996-10-31 Filterzigarette

Country Status (33)

Country Link
US (1) US6145511A (uk)
EP (1) EP0859558B1 (uk)
JP (1) JP3604397B2 (uk)
KR (1) KR100265506B1 (uk)
CN (1) CN1105518C (uk)
AT (1) ATE196829T1 (uk)
BG (1) BG63814B1 (uk)
BR (1) BR9611382A (uk)
CA (1) CA2234795C (uk)
CZ (1) CZ294476B6 (uk)
DE (2) DE19541873A1 (uk)
DK (1) DK0859558T3 (uk)
EE (1) EE03660B1 (uk)
ES (1) ES2154420T3 (uk)
GE (1) GEP20002134B (uk)
GR (1) GR3035218T3 (uk)
HK (1) HK1016434A1 (uk)
HU (1) HUP9903488A3 (uk)
IL (1) IL124335A (uk)
IS (1) IS1800B (uk)
LT (1) LT4447B (uk)
LV (1) LV12123B (uk)
NO (1) NO306144B1 (uk)
NZ (1) NZ321598A (uk)
PL (1) PL184287B1 (uk)
PT (1) PT859558E (uk)
RO (1) RO118922B1 (uk)
RU (1) RU2140758C1 (uk)
SI (1) SI9620124A (uk)
SK (1) SK282028B6 (uk)
TR (1) TR199800832T2 (uk)
UA (1) UA42853C2 (uk)
WO (1) WO1997016986A1 (uk)

Cited By (1)

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EP2269475A1 (de) 2009-06-30 2011-01-05 Olig AG Filter für eine rauchfreie Zigarette

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CN1762251B (zh) * 2004-10-18 2012-03-14 南通醋酸纤维有限公司 消除烟气中有害物质的烟用醋酸纤维丝束的生产方法
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AR060470A1 (es) * 2006-04-17 2008-06-18 Filligent Ltd Metodo y dispositivo para fabricar filtros para humo de tabaco
KR101055909B1 (ko) 2008-07-07 2011-08-09 한현수 독성 및 유해가스 여과용 바이오세라믹 촉매 여과물질 및그 제조방법
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JP5728584B2 (ja) 2010-10-15 2015-06-03 セラニーズ アセテート，エルエルシー 煙フィルタ用多孔質体を形成する装置、システム、および関連方法
CN102247010B (zh) * 2011-07-02 2013-08-21 云南瑞升烟草技术（集团）有限公司 一种线状功能型纤维材料在卷烟中的应用
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GB2504495A (en) * 2012-07-30 2014-02-05 British American Tobacco Co Fleece for smokeless tobacco pouch
CN103645109A (zh) * 2013-12-17 2014-03-19 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 一种卷烟滤嘴中焦油截留效率和焦油截留量的测定方法
CN103674877A (zh) * 2013-12-17 2014-03-26 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 一种卷烟滤嘴中焦油截留量的测定方法
JP6951245B2 (ja) 2014-12-29 2021-10-20 フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム 疎水性フィルター
CN105105336A (zh) * 2015-09-19 2015-12-02 刘明 中药川贝母粒子净化烟气过滤烟嘴
CN107746872A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2018-03-02 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种针对电子烟气溶胶水提物的细菌回复突变试验
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CN111184253B (zh) * 2018-11-14 2022-03-25 南通烟滤嘴有限责任公司 细支滤棒用丝束规格的选择方法

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2269475A1 (de) 2009-06-30 2011-01-05 Olig AG Filter für eine rauchfreie Zigarette

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EP0859558A1 (de) 1998-08-26
RU2140758C1 (ru) 1999-11-10
IS1800B (is) 2002-01-16
AU7496496A (en) 1997-05-29
PL326553A1 (en) 1998-09-28
KR19990067457A (ko) 1999-08-16
ATE196829T1 (de) 2000-10-15
JP3604397B2 (ja) 2004-12-22
PT859558E (pt) 2001-03-30
IL124335A0 (en) 1999-01-26
SI9620124A (sl) 1998-12-31
NZ321598A (en) 1999-08-30
TR199800832T2 (xx) 1998-07-21
ES2154420T3 (es) 2001-04-01
NO982079L (no) 1998-05-07
HUP9903488A3 (en) 2001-02-28
NO982079D0 (no) 1998-05-07
CA2234795C (en) 2002-04-30
UA42853C2 (uk) 2001-11-15
AU701048B2 (en) 1999-01-21
DE19541873A1 (de) 1997-05-15
CZ294476B6 (cs) 2005-01-12
CZ9801420A3 (cs) 2000-10-11
LV12123A (lv) 1998-09-20
BG63814B1 (bg) 2003-02-28
WO1997016986A1 (de) 1997-05-15
LT98063A (en) 1998-10-26
HK1016434A1 (en) 1999-11-05
DE59605994D1 (de) 2000-11-16
SK59898A3 (en) 1998-10-07
GR3035218T3 (en) 2001-04-30
CN1105518C (zh) 2003-04-16
SK282028B6 (sk) 2001-10-08
LT4447B (lt) 1999-01-25
CA2234795A1 (en) 1997-05-15
CN1202086A (zh) 1998-12-16
IL124335A (en) 2000-10-31
DK0859558T3 (da) 2001-01-29
BG102414A (en) 1999-04-30
RO118922B1 (ro) 2004-01-30
LV12123B (lv) 1998-12-20
KR100265506B1 (ko) 2000-09-15
IS4737A (is) 1998-05-08
PL184287B1 (pl) 2002-09-30
HUP9903488A2 (en) 2000-07-28
GEP20002134B (en) 2000-06-25
JPH11501525A (ja) 1999-02-09
EE03660B1 (et) 2002-04-15
EE9800152A (et) 1998-12-15
NO306144B1 (no) 1999-09-27
BR9611382A (pt) 1999-12-28
US6145511A (en) 2000-11-14

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