EP0842390B1 - Patronierte munition - Google Patents
Patronierte munition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0842390B1 EP0842390B1 EP96928331A EP96928331A EP0842390B1 EP 0842390 B1 EP0842390 B1 EP 0842390B1 EP 96928331 A EP96928331 A EP 96928331A EP 96928331 A EP96928331 A EP 96928331A EP 0842390 B1 EP0842390 B1 EP 0842390B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- cartridge
- pressure chamber
- cartridge case
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/067—Mounting or locking missiles in cartridge cases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type
Definitions
- the invention relates to cartridge ammunition, and especially a practice ammunition for one Grenade pistol or the like, for example in caliber 40 mm.
- the invention is based on ammunition according to EP-B-0215042 the applicant. That in a cartridge case
- the recorded floor has a fog charge as the active charge and carries a tracer at the rear.
- the cartridge case has an ignition charge and one ignited by it Propellant charge to drive the projectile out of the Cartridge case on.
- the propellant charge is in one in the Cartridge sleeve in the middle of the cartridge forms a high pressure room.
- the cartridge is made by one Low pressure room surrounded by the inner walls the cartridge case and part of the bottom of the Storey is limited and with the high pressure room over insulated overflow openings is connected.
- Furthermore, in the top end wall of the cartridge is a small one Ignition channel available in the rear of the floor arranged tracer leads out.
- the floor is with the Cartridge connected below the connection point has a predetermined breaking point.
- the propellant charge is ignited via the primer charge, pressure builds up in the high-pressure room, but not is sufficient to blow up the predetermined breaking point and the projectile to drive out.
- the small through hole is the Tracer set ignited. Once the dam between High-pressure room and low-pressure room breaks open the overflow openings the propellant gases into the low pressure chamber and act on the rest of the bottom of the Storey. Are the pressures in the high pressure room and Low pressure room high enough breaks the Predetermined breaking point, causing the projectile from the Cartridge case is expelled. The trajectory of the The bullet is then burned through Marked tracer marks.
- the tracer set can be from the rear thanks to this construction projectile of the projectile, so to speak as a tail, whereby the volume of the floor is practically complete for that Active charge can be used.
- the The pressure curve in the high-pressure and low-pressure room is controlled in this way be that no steep gas peaks occur, the Pressure in the high pressure chamber even after the Tracer set still increases.
- a pressure control is further possible in that the free end of the Tracer set z. B. by a cap with or several openings is covered, which after the Pulling out the tracer set from the high pressure room completes this more or less.
- Sizing of the openings can be the clamping of the Propellant charge rate, that's the ratio of Burning surface of the propellant charge to the narrowest Cross section of the outlet or nozzle openings, see above be set to expel all pressure of the floor is essentially continuous.
- the walls of the high pressure room are made Made of steel. This has the advantage that the Overflow openings from the high pressure room despite the high Temperature of the propellant charge combustion gases do not burn out, that is, their diameter when burning essentially maintained, so very good reproducible shooting results can be achieved.
- the weight in steel the practice cartridge increases.
- the walls of the high pressure room made of aluminum then burn out the overflow openings very strongly.
- the invention is in one embodiment based on the Drawing explained in more detail.
- FIG. 1 shows a partially sectioned representation of a cartridge ammunition 1 with a caliber of 40 mm.
- the Ammunition 1 includes one Cartridge case 10, in the opening of a projectile 11th is arranged, for example as an active charge Fog charge and one arranged at the rear of the projectile Tracer 11b carries.
- In one in the bottom of the Cartridge sleeve screwed cartridge 12 are one Ignition charge 13 and a propellant charge 14 housed.
- the Cartridge 12 delimits a high-pressure space 21 in which the propellant charge 14 after ignition by the primer charge 13 burns off.
- the cartridge 12 or at least the Walls delimiting high-pressure space are made of steel.
- the high-pressure chamber 21 is through a plurality of overflow openings 22, which are initially covered by a dam 23, with a forming the interior of the cartridge case Low pressure space 10a connected by the walls of the Cartridge case and the floor of the floor 11 limited becomes.
- the cartridge 12 is on its top with an upward projecting thread 24 on which a corresponding Internal thread 25 screwed into the rear of the projectile 11 becomes.
- the cartridge 12 and the thread 24 In the area of the transition between the top wall the cartridge 12 and the thread 24 is one Breakage point 12d provided.
- the tracer 11b within the internal thread 25 provided in one from the rear of the projectile projecting pipe 27 is added.
- This tube 27 protrudes through an opening 28 in the top wall of the cartridge in the high-pressure chamber 21, the tube 27 in the Opening 28 is slidably and almost gas-tight.
- the propellant charge 14 ignited so that in the high pressure chamber 21 through the Propellant builds up a high pressure, which eventually the Dam 23 blows at the overflow openings, so that The low-pressure chamber 10a also via these overflow openings is filled. Due to the pressure of the propellant gases, the Tracer set llb ignited. Once the to the bottom of the Projectile forces have a certain value exceed, the predetermined breaking point 12d tears open, after which the projectile 11 is expelled from the cartridge case. There here also the tube 27 of the tracer llb from the High pressure space 21 is pulled out, its volume enlarged.
- the free end of the Tube 27 for tracer llb through a cap 29 are covered, in which several openings 30 are provided are.
- the cap protrudes with a small flange 31 Outside diameter of the tube 27 out, so that Expelling the projectile 11, the cap 29 on the edge of the Opening 28 remains in the high-pressure chamber 21 and not flies with the projectile.
- the opening 28 not as in the embodiment according to FIG Pulling out the tracer set completely released, but only in one by the dimensions by the Openings 30 predetermined extent. By appropriate Dimensioning of these openings 30 can the pressure curve can be controlled very finely.
- the tube 27 of the Tracer set llb in the high pressure chamber 21 via a Route one which is about the diameter of the tube 27th corresponds. It should be noted that this Dimensioning is arbitrary; it just depends indicates that during the expulsion of the projectile up to final release from the cartridge case enlarged becomes.
- FIG 4 is a cross section through the bottom of the Practice ammunition shown.
- the reference numerals are for the individual components the same as in the previous ones Characters.
- the cartridge 12 or its walls in the area of High pressure room 21 are not made of steel this time, but made of aluminum, then at least the walls of the Overflow openings 22 are anodized, which is indicated by 32 is indicated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Supporting Of Heads In Record-Carrier Devices (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Flexible Shafts (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Optical Head (AREA)
- Pulleys (AREA)
- Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Indexing, Searching, Synchronizing, And The Amount Of Synchronization Travel Of Record Carriers (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Description
Claims (5)
- Patronierte Munition (1), insbesondere Granatmunition, aus einem Geschoß (11) und einer dieses aufnehmenden Patronenhülse (19), wobei das Geschoß (11) eine Wirkladung sowie am Heck einen Leuchtspursatz (11b) aufweist und die Patronenhülse (10) eine Zündladung (13), eine einen Hochdruckraum (21) begrenzende und eine Treibladung (14) enthaltende, in der Patronenhülse (10) mittig gelegene Kartusche (12) sowie einen Niederdruckraum (10a) aufnimmt, der die Kartusche (12) umgibt und durch die Innenwände der Patronenhülse (10) sowie einen Teil des Bodens des Geschosses (11) begrenzt ist und mit dem Hochdruckraum (21) über Überströmöffnungen (22) verbunden ist, und wobei das Geschoß mit der Kartusche (12) verbunden ist und diese eine Sollbruchstelle (12d) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leuchtspursatz (11b) in einem mittig vom Heck des Geschosses (11) wegragenden Rohr (27) aufgenommen ist, welches die obere Wand der Kartusche (12) durchstößt, in dieser Wand im wesentlichen in einer Öffnung (28) gasdicht und gleitbar gelagert ist und in den Hochdruckraum (21) hineinragt, so daß das Rohr nach dem Aufbrechen der Sollbruchstelle (12d) aus dem Hochdruckraum (21) unter Vergrößerung dessen Volumens herausgezogen wird.
- Patronierte Munition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Überströmöffnungen (22) gegenüber dem Hochdruckraum (21) mit einer Verdämmung (23) versehen sind, die bei einem bestimmten Druck innerhalb des Hochdruckraumes (21) aufbricht.
- Munition nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in den Hochdruckraum (21) hineinragende Ende des Leuchtspursatzes (11b) mit einer Kappe (29) abgeschlossen ist, die Öffnungen (30) aufweist und so ausgestaltet ist, daß sie nach dem Austreiben des Geschosses (11) aus der Patronenhülse (10) in dem Hochdruckraum (21) verbleibt und die Öffnung (28) für das Rohr (27) des Leuchtspursatzes (11) bedeckt.
- Munition nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wände der Kartusche (12) im Bereich des Hochdruckraumes (21) aus Stahl sind.
- Munition nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wände der Kartusche (12) im Bereich des Hochdruckraumes (21) aus Aluminium sind, und daß zumindest die Wand der Überströmöffnungen (22) eloxiert sind (bei 32).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19527621 | 1995-07-28 | ||
DE19527621A DE19527621A1 (de) | 1995-07-28 | 1995-07-28 | Patronierte Munition |
PCT/DE1996/001388 WO1997005445A1 (de) | 1995-07-28 | 1996-07-22 | Patronierte munition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0842390A1 EP0842390A1 (de) | 1998-05-20 |
EP0842390B1 true EP0842390B1 (de) | 1999-09-29 |
Family
ID=7768026
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96928331A Expired - Lifetime EP0842390B1 (de) | 1995-07-28 | 1996-07-22 | Patronierte munition |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5936189A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0842390B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3904234B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100436638B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE185192T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU6784996A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2227987C (de) |
DE (2) | DE19527621A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2139379T3 (de) |
IL (1) | IL118906A (de) |
MY (1) | MY123758A (de) |
NO (1) | NO308331B1 (de) |
TR (1) | TR199800124T1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997005445A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA966188B (de) |
Families Citing this family (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19738937C2 (de) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-07-29 | Nico Pyrotechnik | Patronierte Munition |
SE0001588D0 (sv) * | 2000-04-27 | 2000-04-27 | Comtri Ab | Granatpatron |
DE10102624B4 (de) * | 2001-01-20 | 2011-01-05 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Patrone |
BG773Y1 (bg) * | 2001-09-17 | 2005-10-31 | Страхил ГУШЛЕВ | Малокалибрен унитарен изстрел |
NZ514921A (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2002-12-20 | William James Sharplin | A grenade |
FR2831256A1 (fr) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-04-25 | Guy Cognet | Munition pour exercice de tir |
DE10303106B4 (de) * | 2002-01-29 | 2013-01-10 | Ruag Munition | Barrikadenbrecher |
AUPS182802A0 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2002-05-30 | Metal Storm Limited | Projectile sealing arrangement |
US7004074B2 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2006-02-28 | Martin Electronics | Controlled fluid energy delivery burst cartridge |
US7987790B1 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2011-08-02 | Scarr Kimball R | Ring airfoil glider expendable cartridge and glider launching method |
AU2003902297A0 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2003-07-24 | Metal Storm Limited | External propellant initiation system and projectile |
SE0302916D0 (sv) * | 2003-11-04 | 2003-11-04 | Comtri Teknik Ab | Utbytbar drivpatron |
WO2005098348A1 (de) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-20 | Nico Pyrotechnik Hanns-Jürgen Diederichs Gmbh & Co. Kg | Patronenmunition, insbesondere mit mittlerem kaliber |
DE102004017464B4 (de) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-05-18 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Jürgen Diederichs GmbH & Co. KG | Patronierte Übungsmunition |
DE102004020838B3 (de) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-06-23 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Jürgen Diederichs GmbH & Co. KG | Patronenmunition, insbesondere mit mittlerem Kaliber |
DE102005053491B4 (de) * | 2005-11-09 | 2015-05-13 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Geschoss mit Markierung des Auftreffpunktes |
EP1914507A1 (de) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-23 | Saab Ab | Anordnung für eine Granate |
DE102007025981A1 (de) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Patronenmunition, insbesondere Übungsmunition |
US7793591B1 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2010-09-14 | Martin Electronics | Projectile having ignitable payload with delay column igniter |
US8661983B1 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2014-03-04 | Kimball Rustin Scarr | Ring airfoil glider with augmented stability |
US8065961B1 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2011-11-29 | Kimball Rustin Scarr | Less lethal ammunition |
FI20085083L (fi) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-01 | Patria Weapon Systems Oy | Sovitelma ja menetelmä kranaatin tukemiseksi takaaladattavan aseen putkeen |
BR112012004547A2 (pt) | 2009-09-03 | 2020-08-25 | Kms Consulting Llc. | "munição de cartucho" |
US8925463B1 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2015-01-06 | Kms Consulting, Llc | Pressure relief system for gun fired cannon cartridges |
DE102009048365B3 (de) * | 2009-10-06 | 2010-10-07 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Patronierte Munition mit einer Berstvorrichtung als Verbindung zwischen Geschoss und Antrieb |
KR101172842B1 (ko) | 2009-12-02 | 2012-08-09 | 국방과학연구소 | 예광제 분리방지를 위한 날개안정탄의 날개조립체 및 그 조립방법 |
KR101210581B1 (ko) * | 2010-05-14 | 2012-12-11 | 한국씨앤오테크 주식회사 | 탄피 제조 방법 및 이 방법에 의해 제조된 탄피 |
US20120186480A1 (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2012-07-26 | Mark Allen Rogers | 37mm Screw Apart Shell |
US8511232B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2013-08-20 | Kimball Rustin Scarr | Multifire less lethal munitions |
SG181192A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2012-06-28 | Advanced Material Engineering Pte Ltd | A cartridged projectile |
AU2012286161A1 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2014-01-30 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cartridge ammunition |
US9010248B1 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2015-04-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | 40 mm gun sleeve cartridge case for M320 grenade launcher ammunition |
DE102012014043B4 (de) * | 2012-07-14 | 2014-02-13 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Granate, insbesondere 40-mm-Granate |
WO2014203215A1 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | Atlantis Manufacturing Management Services Proprietary Limited | A grenade round |
WO2014203216A1 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | Atlantis Manufacturing Management Services Proprietary Limited | A grenade round |
DE202014105939U1 (de) | 2014-12-09 | 2015-01-26 | Kms Consulting Llc | Patronenhülse mit Druckauslass |
WO2017033072A1 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-02 | Atlantis Specialist Technologies Proprietary Limited | Cartridge ammunition |
US9835427B2 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-12-05 | True Velocity, Inc. | Two-piece primer insert for polymer ammunition |
US20180135953A1 (en) | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-17 | Nostromo Holdings, Llc | Ammunition cartridge with a base plug vent |
DE102017110871A1 (de) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-11-22 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Antriebssystem für Patronenmunition |
RU2663421C1 (ru) * | 2017-10-05 | 2018-08-06 | Глеб Владимирович Локшин | Боеприпас нелетального действия |
US10466023B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-11-05 | Ascendance International, LLC | Long range large caliber frangible round for defending against UAV'S |
KR102063848B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-05 | 2020-01-08 | 국방과학연구소 | 이중 약실 구조를 갖는 탄피 및 이를 포함하는 탄약 |
CN111707147B (zh) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-09-14 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | 一种能量衰减型催泪动能弹 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE298055C (de) * | 1915-03-30 | 1919-12-30 | Geschoß mit verjüngtem Hinterende | |
US3431852A (en) * | 1967-08-15 | 1969-03-11 | Us Army | Position marker |
US3967552A (en) * | 1974-12-17 | 1976-07-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Percussion ignition system for a smokeless, flashless, low noise cartridge |
US3983817A (en) * | 1975-05-19 | 1976-10-05 | Remington Arms Company, Inc. | Spotting projectile |
CH606976A5 (de) * | 1975-11-12 | 1978-11-30 | Sarmac Sa | |
US4907511A (en) * | 1980-08-07 | 1990-03-13 | General Electric Company | Liquid propellant gun |
DE3507643A1 (de) * | 1985-03-05 | 1986-09-11 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Jürgen Diederichs GmbH & Co KG, 2077 Trittau | Patronierte munition |
DE8812000U1 (de) * | 1988-09-22 | 1990-02-08 | Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Granatengeschoß |
DE3918005A1 (de) * | 1988-09-22 | 1990-04-05 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Granatengeschoss |
-
1995
- 1995-07-28 DE DE19527621A patent/DE19527621A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-07-22 EP EP96928331A patent/EP0842390B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 ZA ZA966188A patent/ZA966188B/xx unknown
- 1996-07-22 IL IL11890696A patent/IL118906A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-22 CA CA002227987A patent/CA2227987C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 DE DE59603238T patent/DE59603238D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 US US09/000,162 patent/US5936189A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 AU AU67849/96A patent/AU6784996A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-22 AT AT96928331T patent/ATE185192T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-22 KR KR10-1998-0700620A patent/KR100436638B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-22 JP JP50709797A patent/JP3904234B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 ES ES96928331T patent/ES2139379T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 WO PCT/DE1996/001388 patent/WO1997005445A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-22 TR TR1998/00124T patent/TR199800124T1/xx unknown
- 1996-07-26 MY MYPI96003069A patent/MY123758A/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-01-06 NO NO980049A patent/NO308331B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL118906A (en) | 2000-09-28 |
AU6784996A (en) | 1997-02-26 |
WO1997005445A1 (de) | 1997-02-13 |
JP3904234B2 (ja) | 2007-04-11 |
NO980049L (no) | 1998-01-06 |
NO980049D0 (no) | 1998-01-06 |
US5936189A (en) | 1999-08-10 |
JPH11510242A (ja) | 1999-09-07 |
MY123758A (en) | 2006-06-30 |
ES2139379T3 (es) | 2000-02-01 |
IL118906A0 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
NO308331B1 (no) | 2000-08-28 |
DE19527621A1 (de) | 1997-01-30 |
CA2227987C (en) | 2006-10-03 |
ATE185192T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
EP0842390A1 (de) | 1998-05-20 |
KR19990035959A (ko) | 1999-05-25 |
KR100436638B1 (ko) | 2004-09-04 |
DE59603238D1 (de) | 1999-11-04 |
ZA966188B (en) | 1997-02-10 |
CA2227987A1 (en) | 1997-02-13 |
TR199800124T1 (xx) | 1998-05-21 |
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