EP0821838B1 - Procede de fabrication de collecteurs - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication de collecteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0821838B1
EP0821838B1 EP96914933A EP96914933A EP0821838B1 EP 0821838 B1 EP0821838 B1 EP 0821838B1 EP 96914933 A EP96914933 A EP 96914933A EP 96914933 A EP96914933 A EP 96914933A EP 0821838 B1 EP0821838 B1 EP 0821838B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
shaped
raw material
pot
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96914933A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0821838A1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Holzhauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Firma Anton Holzhauer Umformtechnik
Original Assignee
Firma Anton Holzhauer Umformtechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Firma Anton Holzhauer Umformtechnik filed Critical Firma Anton Holzhauer Umformtechnik
Publication of EP0821838A1 publication Critical patent/EP0821838A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0821838B1 publication Critical patent/EP0821838B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04Commutators
    • H01R39/06Commutators other than with external cylindrical contact surface, e.g. flat commutators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/06Manufacture of commutators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49009Dynamoelectric machine
    • Y10T29/49011Commutator or slip ring assembly

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with a method of manufacture a commutator, in particular a flat commutator, for electrical machines according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a radially protruding outward Formed ring flange namely by material displacement in the axial direction against the free end of the jacket there.
  • the flags are now in the shape of a flag trained connecting elements by punching out of the Preserved ring flange. With this punching process the outer anchoring elements are also split off.
  • Another difficulty is the fact that the various extrusion treatments and also during training of the ring flange inevitably through the forming one Material consolidation is effected so that the formed Connection elements less ductile or bendable than the starting raw material are. After the completion of the commutator but connecting wires are wound around these connecting elements and then the connectors are on the outside of the cylindrical jacket bent back. As a result of material embrittlement are therefore cracks in the usual production method occurred and these are generally to be feared. Also includes the known manufacturing process a variety of individual Deformation steps, including the economical production method such commutators suffer.
  • the object of the invention is under Overcoming the difficulties outlined above Method for producing a commutator, in particular one To provide face commutators of the generic type, which is an economical and material-saving manufacture permitted, and in particular the connection elements after the formation are ductile or bendable and until implementation remain bendable during the bending process.
  • this is a method of manufacture a commutator, in particular a flat commutator, for electrical machines provided, which consists of an im essential raw raw material made of conductive material forming several, isolated from each other and Isolierstoff comprehensive segments with assigned, radially from the segments individually protruding connecting elements is, whereby the manufacturing process distinguishes that the raw material first for the formation of the individual connection elements with finished contour and size as well is formed with the finished ductile state.
  • connection elements formed by material displacement. It is essential here that these connection elements this forming process have their finished shape and size and in a ductile finished state, which up to final bending processing is retained.
  • subsequent processing operations such as free cutting and the like, avoided since the connection elements thus formed already have their finished contour and - have size.
  • the method according to the invention also falls no waste material because there is no continuous ring flange is formed, but only the individual flag-shaped Connection elements, which are in the radial direction on the outer edge protrude from the raw material body.
  • connection elements are ductile or bendable because they are ahead of the subsequent ones Forming processes were formed and no deformation more exposed, which leads to material hardening or embrittlement.
  • inventive method a commutator economical and Made to save material.
  • the raw material before forming to form the connection elements in Dependence on the selected raw material or raw material heated in such a way that there is a notable strain hardening of the material avoid when designing the connection elements leaves.
  • This allows the ductility of the formed Improve connection elements and their ductility depends essentially depends on the properties of the raw material.
  • connection elements in the so heated state of the raw material, one such Treatment called warm presses, so that the raw material passed to the press immediately after heating and the shape of the connection elements while still warm he follows.
  • the material can be formed if necessary Forging and / or at forging temperature.
  • connection elements are shaped in the warm or warm area.
  • the raw material is heated to a temperature in a range from about 300 to about 700 ° C.
  • An alternative manufacturing method to train the individual Connection elements with finished contour and size as well as with ductile Finished state is characterized in that the raw material annealed before forming to form the connecting elements is formed, the connection elements by cold forming be followed by another annealing treatment. In this way it can also be avoided, for example, that the connection elements after the formation by the Forming caused material hardening and embrittlement become less ductile.
  • a method of manufacture time consuming, since after the annealing treatments Cooling times must elapse.
  • the segment division is expediently assigned Recesses, starting from the free edge of the jacket, through Material displacement formed by cold forming.
  • This Recesses extend close to the inner surface of the bottom of the pot-shaped blanks.
  • the clear width of the Recess, starting from the free edge of the jacket, in the direction of the soil are getting smaller, and in particular the are through Material displacement trained recesses V-shaped.
  • the "tip area" of the respective V-shaped recess becomes preferably formed by a short straight section. The number of these recesses corresponds to the number of segments of the commutator and they are assigned to the respective divisions.
  • cold forming is used for training of the pot-shaped blank, to form the ring-shaped arranged inner anchoring elements and by Material displacement formed recesses and, if necessary to form the radial recesses in one Work step carried out.
  • the jacket radially inward facing outer anchoring elements for the Insulating material filling formed by cold forming.
  • the inner anchoring elements become slight bent radially outwards to ensure the anchoring effect with the later filled insulation material and the insulation material filling improve.
  • Manufacturing processes are carried out for training purposes the radially inward facing anchoring elements, for punching out the central opening in the bottom of the pot-shaped blank and the bending of the inner anchoring elements radially outwards in one work step.
  • Manufacturing times for such Shorten the commutator considerably, since you can see overall the method according to the invention, for example in essentially only three transformation steps starting from Raw material up to the finished commutator without insulating material filling and post-treatment or post-processing is required.
  • All other processing and treatments such as insertion the insulating material filling, if necessary tinning of the base body and severing the segments by cutting along the Segment divisions and attachment of lead wires to the Connection elements and bending the same can then on be carried out in the usual way.
  • the bending process for the Connection elements is thanks to the manufacturing method according to the invention significantly simplified and cracking due to material embrittlement can be avoided because the connection elements in the ductile condition without material hardening through the forming processes available. Furthermore, an undisturbed fiber course is through the forming process, so that the commutator high can withstand dynamic stresses, in particular occur in motor vehicles.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention is for manufacturing of commutators of different designs and Types suitable, and the invention is not to manufacture limited by face commutators.
  • Essential to the Manufacturing of all these types of commutators is however the fact that the connection elements on the one hand be formed that there is no waste material, and that on the other hand, these connection elements with finished contour and size and with a ductile finished state right at the beginning of the manufacturing process are formed by material displacement. This material displacement takes place, seen from the raw material base for the formation of the connection elements in the direction outward.
  • the anchoring elements for the insulating material filling be shaped in a correspondingly changed manner without that the protective concept is abandoned according to the invention, according to which the shape of the connection elements directly from the Raw material through material displacement to the finished contour and - size and finished with ductile finished.
  • FIG. 1 is an example of a substantially unedited one Raw material 1 shown.
  • This raw material 1 is exemplary represented as a flat, solid disc, which by a round bar material is sheared off and formed. If necessary, deviations from FIG. 1 cannot be specified raw material shown are taken as starting material, which is designed for example as an annular disc and already has a prefabricated central opening 14 'like this is indicated in Figure 1 with a broken line.
  • the basic body of raw material 1 can alternatively be stamped out a strip material with or without a hole can be obtained. If a thick-walled tube-rod material is used as the starting material takes, as the raw material 1, the disc in the form of a round blank available.
  • raw 1 can be used in the method according to the invention and it will only as an example of a solid material in the form of a Disk out for explanation below. Possibly can also from such a solid material disc Ronde can be obtained by having a central opening punched out as a kind of preprocessing step (not shown).
  • connection elements 2 protrude radially over the peripheral edge of the Raw material 1 according to Figure 1 as individual connection elements 2 before and these are shaped in such a way that, as in FIG is shown, have their finished contour and size. Also have these connection elements 2 their ductile finished state.
  • the raw material 1 before the formation of the connection elements 2 depending on the material properties heated so that a notable material forming hardening can be avoided. In this heated state then the connection elements 2 with the finished and final state preferably shaped.
  • Such Forming can be referred to as semi-hot presses, for example become.
  • connection elements 2 that Material of the raw material 1 preferably towards the outside displaced while still warm, and the corresponding Molding tools that are used for this have assigned rooms, which the finished contour and size of the Specify and limit connection elements 2.
  • temperatures required for this depend on the properties of the conductive material used for the Raw material 1, in particular for example of copper alloys, depend, only preferred ranges can be specified. It has been shown that heating to a temperature of about 150 ° C is appropriate. This temperature can of course, be higher. In a preferred manner, a Temperature range from about 300 to about 700 ° C result.
  • connection elements 2 there is also cold forming the connection elements 2 into consideration.
  • the raw material 1 are annealed, and after The connecting elements 2 according to FIG. 2 are then cooled with Finished contour and size shaped.
  • these can be used individually or the entire base body shown in FIG. 2 again be annealed.
  • FIG. 3 shows a commutator blank 3, which one by cold forming starting from the body according to FIG. 2 receives.
  • This blank 3 is cup-shaped and has a substantially cylindrical shell 4 and one in essential plan floor 5.
  • internal anchoring elements 6 formed, which is ring-shaped on an inner surface 7 of the Bottom 5 of the pot-shaped blank 3 are arranged. How shown, these inner anchoring elements 6 run in essentially axially related to the blank 3 and stand jagged from the inner surface 7 of the bottom 5 at a distance Way forward.
  • the forming process is based on the figure 2 to the pot-shaped blank 3 according to FIG. 3, preferably in a single forming step. Of course they can Forming processes, if necessary, also one after the other be performed.
  • each recess 9 goes from a free edge 10 of the cylindrical shell 4 and extends close to Bottom 5 of the pot-shaped blank 3.
  • the recesses 9 are therefore V-shaped trained and expediently in the apex area a straight line segment.
  • each V-shaped recess 9 can be narrow, web-shaped trained and radially extending recesses 16 formed which are assigned to the segment division and are in Direction of the center of the bottom 5 on its inner surface 7 extend.
  • the advantage of these recesses 9 and possibly the recesses 16 will be explained later.
  • the shape of the recesses 9 and, if appropriate, the narrow, radially extending recesses 16 can with all other forming operations in one step be, so that you start from that shown in Figure 2 Body in one step that shown in Figure 3 receives cup-shaped blank 3 for the commutator.
  • a base body 12 shown in Figure 4 in which it is an intermediate product made of a conductive material is involved in commutator manufacturing.
  • This base body 12 has external anchoring elements obtained by cold working 13, which in the vicinity of the free edge 10 of the jacket 4th are formed radially jagged inward.
  • a central one Opening 14 punched out in the bottom 5 of the pot-shaped blank 3 become.
  • This central opening 14 is located radially in the base 5 within the ring-shaped arrangement of internal anchoring elements 6.
  • the inner anchoring elements 6 slightly radially bent outside to improve its anchoring effect.
  • Base body 12 as an intermediate product in the production of commutators can be reshaped and shaped, of course Edits can also be made one after the other. If you start from a raw material (not shown), which already has a central opening 14 ', can of course the punching process according to FIG. 4 is omitted. These the central opening 14 shown is then already present, which for the inclusion of a rotor shaft no closer electrical machine shown is determined.
  • the commutator can then completely be completed that one in the interior of the pot-shaped Filled and pressed 3 blank insulating material, which with Help the inner anchoring elements 6 and the outer Anchoring elements 13 reliably anchored to the base body 12 is. If necessary, tinning can be carried out become. Starting from the flat, continuous outer surface 15 the bottom 5 are then used to separate and subdivide the Segments introduced on the commutator cut, only one Depth of cut approximately the material thickness of the bottom 5 required is because the recesses 9 are already used to separate the segments on the segment dividing lines on the cylindrical jacket 4 have been formed. This simplifies the subsequent cutting processing in a noteworthy manner. If additionally the narrow, radially extending depressions 16 are formed, the depth of cut can be further reduce so that they are even smaller than the basic material thickness of the bottom is 5. In addition, a tour of cutting processing for segment division and separation can be achieved.
  • Such a commutator is then used electrical lines on the preferably flag-shaped trained connecting elements 2, which for example around the connection elements in one or more turns be wrapped. Then the connection elements 2 in Direction to the outer surface of the cylindrical shell 4 bent back. This bending process can be done easily and make crack-free, since the connecting elements 2 thanks to the invention Manufacturing in a ductile or bendable Condition with undisturbed fiber orientation. Such a Completed commutator is then, for example, in a electrical machine installed.
  • the insulating material base body 12 it is also essential that the insulating material base body 12 to be filled exclusively by Forming from a raw material from conductive Material is manufactured, and that all of these forming operations yourself with the smallest possible number of work steps can be carried out, in a targeted manner, apart from the connection elements 2, which are used in cold forming caused material consolidation to increase the Strength of the base body 12 is used.
  • the flat commutator should in particular be the outer surface 15 the bottom 5 to be resistant, for example on this the brushes of an electrical machine are running.
  • the connecting elements 2 in a material-saving manner, as they are directly shaped in the finished shape and size be without having an annular flange on the free edge 10 of the cylindrical shell 4 of the cup-shaped blank 3 required.
  • the basic material costs to be used for the Production of such a commutator reduce the Economy of the production method according to the invention increase overall.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un collecteur, en particulier d'un collecteur plat, pour machines électriques, qui est fabriqué en partant d'une matière brute, essentiellement non usinée, en matériau conducteur, en créant plusieurs segments isolés les uns des autres et entourant un matériau isolant, avec leurs éléments de raccordement (2) qui sortent individuellement et radialement des segments,
    caractérisé en ce que, premièrement, à partir de la matière brute (1) par refoulement de matière, sont façonnés directement les éléments de raccordement individuels (2) avec leurs dimensions et contour définitifs dans leur état ductile fini.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'avant le formage pour façonnage des éléments de raccordement (2), la matière brute (1) est, selon le matériau, chauffée en évitant, de manière significative, une consolidation de matière-déformation.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de raccordement (2) sont formés à l'état chaud de la matière brute (1).
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la matière brute (1) est chauffée à une température d'environ 150° C et plus.
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la matière brute (1) est chauffée à une température allant d'environ 300° C à environ 700° C.
  6. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière brute (1) est portée au rouge avant le formage pour façonnage des éléments de raccordement (2) qui sont façonnés par formage à froid et sont ensuite encore portés au rouge.
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'après le façonnage des éléments de raccordement individuels (2) par formage à froid, est formée une ébauche en godet (3) qui comporte une enveloppe essentiellement cylindrique (4) et un fond essentiellement plat (5).
  8. Procédé suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que, ajoutés en forme de couronne sur la surface interne (7) du fond (5), sont formés, par formage à froid, des éléments d'ancrage intérieurs (6), qui ont une orientation essentiellement axiale, pour le remplissage isolant.
  9. Procédé suivant la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que sont façonnés, par formage à froid, par refoulement de matière, des creux (9), associés aux subdivisions en segments, partant du bord libre (10) de l'enveloppe (4).
  10. Procédé suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les creux (9) atteignent presque la surface interne (7) du fond (5) de l'ébauche en godet (3).
  11. Procédé suivant la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que la largeur de chaque creux (9), en partant du bord libre (10) de l'enveloppe (4), devient plus petite en direction du fond (5).
  12. Procédé suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que chaque creux (9) est façonné à peu près en forme de V.
  13. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que, sur la surface interne (7) du fond (5), sont formées des encoches étroites, associées aux subdivisions en segments, qui sont radiales vers le point milieu du fond (5).
  14. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les formages à froid sont réalisés en une étape de travail.
  15. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 14, caractérisé en ce que des éléments extérieurs d'ancrage (13), radiaux de l'enveloppe (4) vers l'intérieur, sont façonnés par formage à froid pour le remplissage isolant.
  16. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 15, caractérisé en ce que, pour les arbres de rotor des machines électriques, est matricée, dans le fond (5) de l'ébauche en godet (3), une ouverture centrale (14).
  17. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'ancrage interne (6) sont légèrement repliés radialement vers l'extérieur.
  18. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce que les traitements sont réalisés en une étape de travail.
EP96914933A 1995-04-21 1996-04-17 Procede de fabrication de collecteurs Expired - Lifetime EP0821838B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19514795A DE19514795C1 (de) 1995-04-21 1995-04-21 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kommutators
DE19514795 1995-04-21
PCT/EP1996/001607 WO1996033534A1 (fr) 1995-04-21 1996-04-17 Procede de fabrication de collecteurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0821838A1 EP0821838A1 (fr) 1998-02-04
EP0821838B1 true EP0821838B1 (fr) 1999-03-24

Family

ID=7760094

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96914933A Expired - Lifetime EP0821838B1 (fr) 1995-04-21 1996-04-17 Procede de fabrication de collecteurs

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US6108898A (fr)
EP (1) EP0821838B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4301528B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR19990007946A (fr)
CN (1) CN1068718C (fr)
AT (1) ATE178167T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU722392B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9608186A (fr)
CA (1) CA2218487A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19514795C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2131397T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP9801535A3 (fr)
SI (1) SI9620054A (fr)
SK (1) SK284384B6 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996033534A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA963158B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7594622B2 (en) * 2005-10-11 2009-09-29 Alwin Manufacturing Co., Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling a dispenser to conserve towel dispensed therefrom
JP4850647B2 (ja) * 2006-09-15 2012-01-11 アスモ株式会社 モータの製造方法
DE102006046666A1 (de) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Plankommutator
CN113725694A (zh) * 2021-09-08 2021-11-30 瑞安市豪翔电器有限公司 一种k字形换向器的铜卷式制造方法加工工艺

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2104141A (en) * 1936-09-09 1938-01-04 Jr Brooks Stevens Method of manufacturing commutators
US2400590A (en) * 1944-05-18 1946-05-21 E A Lab Inc Method of making commutators
GB620930A (en) * 1947-02-03 1949-04-01 Alexander Henry Smith Improvements in or relating to commutators for dynamo-electric machines
US2688793A (en) * 1951-06-28 1954-09-14 Gen Motors Corp Method of making commutators
GB738823A (en) * 1952-06-24 1955-10-19 Hoover Ltd Improvements relating to commutators
FR1079541A (fr) * 1952-06-24 1954-11-30 Hoover Ltd Perfectionnement aux collecteurs de dynamos
DE1073080B (de) * 1953-04-14 1960-01-14 Hoover Limited, Penvale, Greenford, Middlesex (Großbritannien) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Trommelstromwendern fur dynamoelektrische Maschinen
US3407491A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-10-29 Gen Motors Corp Molded commutator
US3468020A (en) * 1966-12-12 1969-09-23 Ford Motor Co Method of anchoring a metallic member to plastic
JPS5227801B2 (fr) * 1971-10-25 1977-07-22
DE3201027C2 (de) * 1982-01-15 1986-11-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kommutatorringes
DE3242703A1 (de) * 1982-11-19 1984-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zum herstellen eines kommutatorsegmentringes
DE4140475C2 (de) * 1991-12-09 1995-01-19 Kolektor D O O Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Preßstoff-Plankommutators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0821838A1 (fr) 1998-02-04
ES2131397T3 (es) 1999-07-16
SI9620054A (sl) 1998-06-30
HUP9801535A2 (hu) 1998-10-28
SK142297A3 (en) 1998-10-07
JP4301528B2 (ja) 2009-07-22
DE59601501D1 (de) 1999-04-29
DE19514795C1 (de) 1996-06-05
ZA963158B (en) 1996-10-25
CA2218487A1 (fr) 1996-10-24
CN1068718C (zh) 2001-07-18
JPH11509029A (ja) 1999-08-03
CN1187911A (zh) 1998-07-15
ATE178167T1 (de) 1999-04-15
HUP9801535A3 (en) 2001-01-29
BR9608186A (pt) 1999-12-07
KR19990007946A (ko) 1999-01-25
WO1996033534A1 (fr) 1996-10-24
AU5689296A (en) 1996-11-07
US6108898A (en) 2000-08-29
AU722392B2 (en) 2000-08-03
SK284384B6 (sk) 2005-02-04

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