EP2723516B1 - Procédé de forgeage pour la fabrication d'un piston ou d'une jupe de piston - Google Patents

Procédé de forgeage pour la fabrication d'un piston ou d'une jupe de piston Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2723516B1
EP2723516B1 EP12730876.5A EP12730876A EP2723516B1 EP 2723516 B1 EP2723516 B1 EP 2723516B1 EP 12730876 A EP12730876 A EP 12730876A EP 2723516 B1 EP2723516 B1 EP 2723516B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forging
piston
walls
shaft
forged
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12730876.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2723516A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Issler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP2723516A1 publication Critical patent/EP2723516A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2723516B1 publication Critical patent/EP2723516B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/18—Making machine elements pistons or plungers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/04—Forging of engine parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49249—Piston making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a forging process for producing a piston or a piston stem.
  • the invention also relates to a piston stem produced by this method and to a forging apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • Known pistons are usually made cylindrical in a region of the piston crown in order to be able to close the space for the combustion taking place in an internal combustion engine.
  • the pin bosses for receiving a piston pin with respect.
  • the diameter of the piston skirt are set back inwards. Due to this circumstance, material can be saved in the outer regions and thus a weight reduction can be achieved.
  • such a piston with inwardly offset pin bosses at the height of these pin bosses and below the same on a part of the circumference have skirt wall sections, with which it rests after installation in the cylinder of the engine to the cylinder wall and can be supported on it.
  • These shaft wall sections are also referred to as bearing shaft wall sections on the pressure and counter-pressure side, since they are responsible for the guidance of the piston in the cylinder.
  • the shaft wall sections prevent in particular an undesirable tilting about the pin axis in the top and bottom dead center.
  • the two shank wall sections or the two shank walls are connected via box walls, which contain the piston pin bosses.
  • the form engraving in this case has an outer mold ring, a lower mandrel, through which a lower ejector is actuated and an upper mandrel, through which an upper ejector is actuated, wherein in the engraving of the upper mandrel a negative extension cone is provided.
  • the mold is closed and the preform is formed by pressing the mandrels to each other, wherein by a combined actuation of the ejector and simultaneous opening of the mold, an ejection of the finished forged piston can take place.
  • the life of the dies is to be extended.
  • the DE 38 11 200 A1 discloses a one-step forging process.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem of providing an improved method for forging a piston skirt, with which, in particular, a weight-reduced piston with inclined box walls can be manufactured comparatively easily and thus economically.
  • This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matters of the independent claims.
  • Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea of forming a forging method for producing a piston skirt in two stages, wherein in a first stage with a first forging punch and in a subsequent second stage forged with a second forging punch.
  • the piston skirt has, in a known manner, two skirt walls and two box walls connecting these skirt walls.
  • the shank walls are now at least slightly conical outward with a first forging punch
  • the box walls are provided with a hub inner side substantially parallel to the piston axis and an inward pointing towards the free end
  • the shaft walls can bend or widen conically outwards. A small expansion is required for better molding.
  • the box walls are deformed such that their hub outer side substantially parallel to the piston axis or slightly open to the outside and the hub inner side to the free end out to the outside.
  • the shank walls are simultaneously drawn into a position which is preferably parallel to the piston axis.
  • the hub outer side extends obliquely inwardly in accordance with the forging bevels, while the hub inner side extends approximately parallel to the piston axis, that is to say essentially perpendicular in the present case.
  • shank area ie the shank walls
  • the increasing diameter does not refer to the wall thickness, but to the conical orientation of the shaft walls.
  • the inner piston shape is widened conically, at least in a partial area of the entire inner height, whereby the outer contour the hubs are inclined vertically or outwards and the box walls are inclined downwards and outwards.
  • the shaft diameter which was originally too large, is drawn inward in the region of the shaft walls and thus deformed in accordance with the final contour of the piston shaft to be forged.
  • the piston skirt is forged from an aluminum alloy and subsequently annealed and / or tempered, in particular subjected to a T7 heat treatment.
  • targeted heat treatments such as the Tempering or solution annealing can additionally increase the mechanical properties, in particular of aluminum materials.
  • the principle of the heat treatment consists in that a supersaturated solid solution is produced by solution heat treatment at temperatures just below the liquidus and subsequent quenching in water or oil. As a result, more impurities are dissolved in the metal mesh as it corresponds to the equilibrium state at room temperature.
  • targeted heat treatment and thus targeted thermal aging the foreign atoms that are supersaturated in the metal lattice now appear to be diffusible as dispersive precipitates.
  • T7 heat treatment by coagulation of the excretions higher strains but lower strength can be achieved.
  • the advantage of the T7 heat treatment lies in the fact that, when the components are exposed to temperature, there is no dimensional change in practical use and the mechanical properties no longer change, since the structure is already largely in equilibrium.
  • solution annealing with subsequent hot aging in particular, can be considered, in which the increase in strength is achieved by precipitation hardening.
  • the solution annealing is carried out for conventional piston alloys at temperatures between 480 ° and 550 ° C, wherein this temperature is chosen so that a sufficient amount of alloying elements is dissolved in the solid solution, so that the hardening effect after quenching and outsourcing actually occurs.
  • the determining parameters are in particular the solution annealing temperature, the preheating time, the temperature of the coolant, the temperature of the piston shaft at the moment of quenching and the aging temperature and duration.
  • the piston or the piston shaft is forged from an iron alloy and then suitably cooled or heat treated to achieve the required strength and the desired residual stress state.
  • the subsequent processing can be made from the forged a complete, one-piece piston or a piston base, which results in combination with a piston upper part by joining (eg by welding, gluing, soldering, etc.) or screw a piston.
  • a forging method for producing a piston or a piston shaft 1 is shown, which has two shaft walls 2 and two box walls 3 connecting these shaft walls 2.
  • the Fig. 1 and 2 are each subdivided into a left and right half of the image, wherein the left half of a sectional view orthogonal to a pin axis 4 and the right half of the image in each case shows a sectional view parallel to the pin axis 4.
  • the opposite show the 3 and 4 in each case a complete sectional view parallel to the pin axis 4.
  • a first forging stage of the total two-stage forging method according to the invention is shown, whereas in the Fig. 2 and 4 the associated second forging is shown.
  • the shaft walls 2 in the first forging stage / stage (cf. Fig. 1 and 3 ) with a first forging die 5, the shaft walls 2 at least slightly conical outward and the box walls 3 with a hub inner side 7 substantially parallel to the piston axis 6 and forged towards the free end, that is in the present case downwardly and inwardly facing hub outer 8 ,
  • the shaft walls 2 are in the sectional views according to the 3 and 4 not recognizable, since they lie above or below the image plane.
  • the second forging stage of the forging method according to the invention in the second forging stage of the forging method according to the invention (cf.
  • Fig. 2 and 4 are now transformed with a second forging stamp 9, the box walls 3 such that their hub outer sides 8 substantially parallel to the piston axis 6 or slightly outwards (see, broken line in FIG Fig. 2 ) and the hub inner sides 7 towards the free end, that is, in the present case downwards, facing outwards.
  • the shank walls 2 are simultaneously pulled into a position approximately parallel to the piston axis 6 and thereby define the outside diameter of the piston shank 1.
  • a piston skirt 1 or a lower piston part can be forged with the forging method according to the invention or even a complete piston.
  • the skirt walls 2 are pulled inward by the widening of the box walls 3 until they rest against an outer circumferential surface 10 of the second forging die 9 that is parallel to the piston axis 6.
  • This outer lateral surface 10 in contrast to the outer lateral surface 10 'of the first forging die 5, does not run conically, but rather in the sectional view according to FIG Fig. 2 approximately parallel to the piston axis 6.
  • the first and the second forging dies 5, 9 are pressed at the respective forging stage against a die 11, wherein the located between the forging punch 5.9 and the die 11 piston shaft 1 either during the entire forging process in the die 11, that is in a the Forging-housed forging device 12 remains or between the forging with the first forging die 5 and the forging with the second forging die 9, that is, between the first and the second forging stage, removed and heated.
  • a direct heating within the forging apparatus 12 after completing the first forging is conceivable.
  • the piston skirt 1 can be forged, for example, from an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy, a ceramic or an iron-based material, whereby increasingly plastics are also conceivable.
  • this can then be annealed and / or tempered, in particular a so-called T7 heat treatment, subjected.
  • T7 heat treatment which usually takes place after quenching, the foreign atoms which are supersaturated in the metal lattice are to be precipitated by fusion as dispersive precipitates.
  • the previous quenching for example in oil or water, more impurities have been solved in the metal grid, as it would correspond to the equilibrium state at room temperature. This state of stress can be reduced by the subsequent tempering or heat treatment.
  • the first forging stamp 5 according to the Fig. 3 is designed as a split forging stamp.
  • the first forging will be according to the Fig. 3 analogous to the first forging of the Fig. 1 performed, wherein the hub inner sides 7 parallel to the piston axis 6 and the hub outer sides 8 are formed obliquely downwardly and inwardly.
  • the first forging punch 5 is replaced by the second forging punch 9, wherein the second forging punch 9 by spreading, for example by means of a wedge 13, the box walls 3 deformed such that their hub outer sides 8 now parallel to the piston axis 6 and the hub inner sides 7 run obliquely to it.
  • the shaft walls 2 are pulled inward, which, however, due to the selected sectional views in the 3 and 4 not shown.
  • pistons or piston shanks 1 with oblique box walls 3 can be produced comparatively easily and economically, wherein with the oblique box walls 3 a material saving and thus a weight reduction can be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de forgeage pour la fabrication d'un piston ou d'une tige de piston (1) qui présente deux parois de tige (2) et deux parois de boîte (3) reliant les parois de tige (2), où
    - avec un premier poinçon de forgeage (5), les parois de tige (2) sont forgées au moins légèrement en cône vers l'extérieur et les parois de boîte (3) avec un côté intérieur de moyeu (7) parallèle sensiblement à l'axe de piston (6) ou placé en biais vers le bas légèrement vers l'extérieur et un côté extérieur de moyeu (8) tourné au moins légèrement vers l'intérieur vers l'extrémité libre,
    - avec un second poinçon de forgeage (9), les parois de boîte (3) sont formées de telle manière que leur côté extérieur de moyeu (8) s'étende sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de piston (6) ou légèrement en biais vers l'extérieur et leur côté intérieur de moyeu (7) s'étende vers l'extérieur vers l'extrémité libre,
    - lors de la formation des parois de boîte (3) à l'aide du second poinçon de forgeage (9), les parois de tige (2) sont tirées simultanément dans une position à peu près parallèle à l'axe de piston (6).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que lors de la formation des parois de boîte (3) à l'aide du second poinçon de forgeage (9), les parois de tige (2) reposent contre une surface enveloppe (10) à peu près parallèle à l'axe de piston (6) du second piston de forgeage (9).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le premier et le second poinçon de forgeage (5, 9) sont pressés lors du forgeage contre une matrice (11), dans lequel la tige de piston (1) se trouvant entre le poinçon de forgeage (5, 9) et la matrice (11) reste pendant le procédé de forgeage entier dans la matrice (11).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la tige de piston (1) à forger est chauffée entre le forgeage avec le premier poinçon de forgeage (5) et le forgeage avec le second poinçon de forgeage (9).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la tige de piston (1) est forgée en un alliage d'aluminium, un alliage de magnésium, une céramique ou un matériau à base de fer.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la tige de piston (1) est forgée en un alliage d'aluminium et ensuite recuite et/ou revenue, en particulier est soumise à un traitement thermique T7.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'une tête de piston est aussi forgée conjointement avec la tige de piston (1).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'au moins le second poinçon de forgeage (9) est réalisé comme un poinçon de forgeage en plusieurs parties et est écarté pour la formation des parois de boîte (3), en particulier à l'aide d'un coin (13).
EP12730876.5A 2011-06-27 2012-06-20 Procédé de forgeage pour la fabrication d'un piston ou d'une jupe de piston Not-in-force EP2723516B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011078145A DE102011078145A1 (de) 2011-06-27 2011-06-27 Schmiedeverfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens bzw. Kolbenschafts
PCT/EP2012/061827 WO2013000789A1 (fr) 2011-06-27 2012-06-20 Procédé de forgeage pour la fabrication d'un piston ou d'une jupe de piston

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2723516A1 EP2723516A1 (fr) 2014-04-30
EP2723516B1 true EP2723516B1 (fr) 2016-07-20

Family

ID=46420119

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12730876.5A Not-in-force EP2723516B1 (fr) 2011-06-27 2012-06-20 Procédé de forgeage pour la fabrication d'un piston ou d'une jupe de piston

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8904634B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2723516B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5982477B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20140048152A (fr)
CN (1) CN103596711B (fr)
BR (1) BR112013032612A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011078145A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013000789A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

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CN104959500A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-10-07 柳州科尔特锻造机械有限公司 一种活塞杆锻造生产方法
EP3406367A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-28 ThyssenKrupp Metalúrgica Campo Limpo Ltda. Procédé et appareil de production d'une partie supérieure de piston ayant une chambre de refroidissement
CN110508733B (zh) * 2019-03-15 2021-02-12 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 高强度挤压轴的制造方法
JP7393236B2 (ja) * 2020-02-07 2023-12-06 株式会社神戸製鋼所 鍛造装置及び車両用ナックル
CN116174638B (zh) * 2022-12-06 2023-09-22 江苏珀然股份有限公司 一种车轮锻造模具清理装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103596711A (zh) 2014-02-19
DE102011078145A8 (de) 2013-03-07
JP5982477B2 (ja) 2016-08-31
BR112013032612A2 (pt) 2017-01-24
US20130036608A1 (en) 2013-02-14
US8904634B2 (en) 2014-12-09
CN103596711B (zh) 2016-08-31
EP2723516A1 (fr) 2014-04-30
KR20140048152A (ko) 2014-04-23
WO2013000789A1 (fr) 2013-01-03
JP2014519987A (ja) 2014-08-21
DE102011078145A1 (de) 2012-12-27

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