US1835863A - Method of forming pistons - Google Patents

Method of forming pistons Download PDF

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Publication number
US1835863A
US1835863A US297884A US29788428A US1835863A US 1835863 A US1835863 A US 1835863A US 297884 A US297884 A US 297884A US 29788428 A US29788428 A US 29788428A US 1835863 A US1835863 A US 1835863A
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United States
Prior art keywords
die
pistons
piston
forging
blank
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Expired - Lifetime
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US297884A
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Louis W Greve
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Champion Machine & Forging Co
Champion Machine & Forging Com
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Champion Machine & Forging Com
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Priority to US297884A priority Critical patent/US1835863A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/10—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/18—Making machine elements pistons or plungers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49249—Piston making

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of form-' ing pistons and like cup-shaped articles, and is intended particularly for the manufacture of aluminum or aluminum alloy pistons, although it is of fairly general application to the manufacture of cup-shaped articles of various kinds without particular regard to the metal or alloy employed.
  • I first produce a forging with walls which are inclined or tapered inwardly from the open end, the wall thickness being substantially as it should be in the finished article, and the necessary ribs, bosses or other projections being included in the wall formation in such a way that they do not interfere with the withdrawal of the male die.
  • the resulting forging, the side wall of which is more or less conical in shape, is then subjected to a forming operation in which the side wall is brought up to a substantially cylindrical shape preferably by passing the article through a forming die of the proper diameter.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view through a pair of die members showing a forging in position therebetween
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view throu h another pair of die members showing anot er step in the formation of the piston;
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section through the completed piston
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the pistBon taaken at right angles to the section of 11 carrying out the invention, as applied to the manufacture of pistons, a heated blank of proper shape and containing the requisite amount of metal is subjected to a forging;
  • a suitable die composed of a die member 11 having a cupshaped die impression formed therein of a substantially inverted frusto-conical configuration and another die member 12 having a projection complementary to the recess in the die member 11, such projection being provided with diametrically opposed recesses adapted to form the internal bosses 10 or other suitably shaped internal projections for the piston pin.
  • These die members 11 and 12 are relatively movable and are adapted when the blank is placed therebetween to form the same with a bottom portion 13 and an outwardly divergent wall portion 14, in other words, the blank is formed into substantially the same configuration as that of the die impression in the die member 11, the metal flowing into the recesses of, the projection of-the die member 12 to form the bosses 10.
  • the partly finished blank is then subjectedto a forming operation for the purpose of drawing the tapered walls up into cylindrical shape.
  • a forming operation for the purpose of drawing the tapered walls up into cylindrical shape.
  • the blank is positioned upon this die member 9 so that the bottom portion 13 thereof rests within the upper end of the bore 15, the divergent walls 14 resting attheir lower ends upon the outwardly curved flare portion 15a.
  • the other die element is indicated at 16 and comprises a cylindrical stem or projection of a diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the completed piston, which stem may be carried by a suitable supporting member 17.
  • the stem 16 is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed and suitably shaped recesses or depressions 18 adapted to receive the internal boss 10 of the piston when the piston has been finally formed into its completed shape.
  • the two die members are now moved relative to each other whereupon the stem 16 passes into the bore 15, the bottom of the stem engaging the head 13 of the piston so as to force the same into the bore while the divergent side wall'la of the piston is turned up until it is substantially at right angles to the head, this movement of the side wall being permitted by the reception of the bosses 10 within the recesses 18 of the stem 16.
  • the piston has now been completely formed with a wall ofproper thickness and inwardly extending internal bosses 10 for the piston pins provided.
  • the bosses 10 may now be drilled to provide bearings for the piston pin, and the necessary machining operations performed. Since the piston has been made by forging, the metal forming the .same is non-porous and hard and consequently may be designed with relatively thin walls, which means a saving in the weight of these rapidly reciprocating parts and an improvement in the efliciency and smoothness of operation of engines in which they may be employed.
  • a method of forming cup-shaped articles which comprises forginga blank into a substantially frusto-conical cup shape and providing during such operation an inwardly extending projection on the wall thereof, and then forming the blank so treated to reduce the side wall of the frusto-conical cup to substantially cylindrical form.
  • a method of forming pistons or the like which comprises forging a blank into a sub stantially frusto-conical cup shape, the side wall and bottom of which are substantially of the proper thickness for the completed piston, and providing during such operation inwardly extending diametrically opposed projections on the wall thereof, and then forming the blank so treated to reduce the frustoconical wall thereof to substantially cylindrical form.
  • a method of producing a cup-shaped article having an internal projection upon the side wall thereof which comprises forging a blank with a head, a frusto-conical side wall and a projection on said side wall so shaped as to permit the withdrawal of the male die member when the forging operation is completed, and then drawing the thus partially formed blank through a cylindrical die to reduce the frusto-conical side wall to substantially cylindrical shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Description

Dec. 8, 1931. L w GREVE METHOD OF FORMING PISTONS Filed Aug. 6, 1928 illllllllll INVENTOR ril /la!!! Patented Dec. 8, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LOUIS W. GREVE, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE CHAMPION MACHINE & FORGING COMIPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO METHOD OF FORMING PISTONS Application filed August 0, 1928. Serial No. 297,884.
This invention relates to a method of form-' ing pistons and like cup-shaped articles, and is intended particularly for the manufacture of aluminum or aluminum alloy pistons, although it is of fairly general application to the manufacture of cup-shaped articles of various kinds without particular regard to the metal or alloy employed.
So far as I am aware, forging has not been utilized heretofore in the manufacture of pistons because of the difficulty, if not impossibility, of withdrawing the male die from the forging. Internal projections of some kind, such as bosses or ribs, are necessarily used in order to provide bearings for the piston pin, and the formation of these projections has rendered it impossible heretofore to strip the forging from the die. Hence pistons have been made almost without exception of castings. Cast metal does not have a high strength-weight ratio because it is not compact. In other words, it is coarse in texture and. porous, as compared with the metal of forgings, and consequently cast metal parts must be made thicker and heavier than forged metal parts in order to render the same service.
In manufacturing pistons or other similar cup-shaped articles in accordance with my invention, I first produce a forging with walls which are inclined or tapered inwardly from the open end, the wall thickness being substantially as it should be in the finished article, and the necessary ribs, bosses or other projections being included in the wall formation in such a way that they do not interfere with the withdrawal of the male die. The resulting forging, the side wall of which is more or less conical in shape, is then subjected to a forming operation in which the side wall is brought up to a substantially cylindrical shape preferably by passing the article through a forming die of the proper diameter.
One of the objects of the present invention,
therefore, is to provide a method for produc-- ing pistons and other cup-shaped articles of forged metal, wherein any necessary internal bosses, ribs or other projections may be integrally formed and the desired wall thicknes imparted.-
Additional objects and advantages will become apparent hereinafter.
An embodiment of the apparatus which may be used in carrying out the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a sectional view through a pair of die members showing a forging in position therebetween Fig. 2 is a sectional view throu h another pair of die members showing anot er step in the formation of the piston;
Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section through the completed piston; and
Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the pistBon taaken at right angles to the section of 11 carrying out the invention, as applied to the manufacture of pistons, a heated blank of proper shape and containing the requisite amount of metal is subjected to a forging;
operation, being positioned in a suitable die composed of a die member 11 having a cupshaped die impression formed therein of a substantially inverted frusto-conical configuration and another die member 12 having a projection complementary to the recess in the die member 11, such projection being provided with diametrically opposed recesses adapted to form the internal bosses 10 or other suitably shaped internal projections for the piston pin. These die members 11 and 12 are relatively movable and are adapted when the blank is placed therebetween to form the same with a bottom portion 13 and an outwardly divergent wall portion 14, in other words, the blank is formed into substantially the same configuration as that of the die impression in the die member 11, the metal flowing into the recesses of, the projection of-the die member 12 to form the bosses 10.
The partly finished blank is then subjectedto a forming operation for the purpose of drawing the tapered walls up into cylindrical shape. For this purpose I prefer to employ two relatively movable die members, the outer one 9 of which is provided with a bore 15 of a diameter corresponding to the over-all diameter of the completed piston, the upper end of this bore 15 being formed with an outward flare 15a, such as the curved flare shown. The blank is positioned upon this die member 9 so that the bottom portion 13 thereof rests within the upper end of the bore 15, the divergent walls 14 resting attheir lower ends upon the outwardly curved flare portion 15a.
The other die element is indicated at 16 and comprises a cylindrical stem or projection of a diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the completed piston, which stem may be carried by a suitable supporting member 17. The stem 16 is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed and suitably shaped recesses or depressions 18 adapted to receive the internal boss 10 of the piston when the piston has been finally formed into its completed shape. The two die members are now moved relative to each other whereupon the stem 16 passes into the bore 15, the bottom of the stem engaging the head 13 of the piston so as to force the same into the bore while the divergent side wall'la of the piston is turned up until it is substantially at right angles to the head, this movement of the side wall being permitted by the reception of the bosses 10 within the recesses 18 of the stem 16.
The piston has now been completely formed with a wall ofproper thickness and inwardly extending internal bosses 10 for the piston pins provided. The bosses 10 may now be drilled to provide bearings for the piston pin, and the necessary machining operations performed. Since the piston has been made by forging, the metal forming the .same is non-porous and hard and consequently may be designed with relatively thin walls, which means a saving in the weight of these rapidly reciprocating parts and an improvement in the efliciency and smoothness of operation of engines in which they may be employed.
Although a preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described herein it should be understood that the same is not limited thereto but is susceptible of such modifications and adaptations as fall within the scope of the appended claims, and that although the method has been described herein as particularly adapted to the formation of aluminum or aluminum alloy pistons it may be used in the formation of pistons of various kinds of metals or metal alloys and other cup-shaped articles of various kinds. Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: w
1. A method of forming cup-shaped articles, which comprises forginga blank into a substantially frusto-conical cup shape and providing during such operation an inwardly extending projection on the wall thereof, and then forming the blank so treated to reduce the side wall of the frusto-conical cup to substantially cylindrical form.
2. A method of forming pistons or the like, which comprises forging a blank into a sub stantially frusto-conical cup shape, the side wall and bottom of which are substantially of the proper thickness for the completed piston, and providing during such operation inwardly extending diametrically opposed projections on the wall thereof, and then forming the blank so treated to reduce the frustoconical wall thereof to substantially cylindrical form.
3. A method of producing a cup-shaped article having an internal projection upon the side wall thereof,-which comprises forging a blank with a head, a frusto-conical side wall and a projection on said side wall so shaped as to permit the withdrawal of the male die member when the forging operation is completed, and then drawing the thus partially formed blank through a cylindrical die to reduce the frusto-conical side wall to substantially cylindrical shape.
In testimony whereof, I hereunto affix my signature.
LOUIS \V. GREVE.
US297884A 1928-08-06 1928-08-06 Method of forming pistons Expired - Lifetime US1835863A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2539903A (en) * 1946-12-05 1951-01-30 Smith Corp A O Piston fabrication
US2771327A (en) * 1953-08-17 1956-11-20 Thompson Prod Inc Piston construction
US3010186A (en) * 1954-01-14 1961-11-28 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Piston manufacture
US3020633A (en) * 1959-04-24 1962-02-13 Olin Mathieson Fabrication of hollow articles
US3070414A (en) * 1959-08-03 1962-12-25 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Piston and method of making same
US3123899A (en) * 1964-03-10 Townhill
DE1210302B (en) * 1959-12-02 1966-02-03 Karl Schmidt Ges Mit Beschraen Method of manufacturing pistons with a coolant space in the piston crown
US3235946A (en) * 1957-11-18 1966-02-22 Star Machine Inc Process of fabricating piston heads for hydraulic brake cylinders
US6070323A (en) * 1997-02-12 2000-06-06 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Piston for internal combustion engine and material therefore
US6363608B1 (en) * 1997-04-10 2002-04-02 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing piston
US20040187678A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-30 Narney John Kenneth Method for manufacturing an aluminum die cast piston for reciprocating compressors
US20060005700A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Yuejun Huang One-piece steel piston
DE102011078145A1 (en) * 2011-06-27 2012-12-27 Mahle International Gmbh Forging method for producing a piston or piston skirt

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123899A (en) * 1964-03-10 Townhill
US2539903A (en) * 1946-12-05 1951-01-30 Smith Corp A O Piston fabrication
US2771327A (en) * 1953-08-17 1956-11-20 Thompson Prod Inc Piston construction
US3010186A (en) * 1954-01-14 1961-11-28 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Piston manufacture
US3235946A (en) * 1957-11-18 1966-02-22 Star Machine Inc Process of fabricating piston heads for hydraulic brake cylinders
US3020633A (en) * 1959-04-24 1962-02-13 Olin Mathieson Fabrication of hollow articles
US3070414A (en) * 1959-08-03 1962-12-25 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Piston and method of making same
DE1210302B (en) * 1959-12-02 1966-02-03 Karl Schmidt Ges Mit Beschraen Method of manufacturing pistons with a coolant space in the piston crown
US6070323A (en) * 1997-02-12 2000-06-06 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Piston for internal combustion engine and material therefore
US6363608B1 (en) * 1997-04-10 2002-04-02 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing piston
US20040187678A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-30 Narney John Kenneth Method for manufacturing an aluminum die cast piston for reciprocating compressors
WO2004088178A3 (en) * 2003-03-26 2005-01-27 Bristol Compressors Method for manufacturing an aluminum die cast piston for reciprocating compressors
US6935221B2 (en) * 2003-03-26 2005-08-30 Bristol Compressors, Inc. Method for manufacturing an aluminum die cast piston for reciprocating compressors
US20060005700A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Yuejun Huang One-piece steel piston
US7104183B2 (en) 2004-07-07 2006-09-12 Karl Schmidt Unisia, Inc. One-piece steel piston
DE102011078145A1 (en) * 2011-06-27 2012-12-27 Mahle International Gmbh Forging method for producing a piston or piston skirt
DE102011078145A8 (en) * 2011-06-27 2013-03-07 Mahle International Gmbh Forging method for producing a piston or piston skirt
US8904634B2 (en) 2011-06-27 2014-12-09 Mahle International Gmbh Forging method for producing a piston or piston skirt

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