EP0794714A1 - Material und gerät zur reinigung von oberflächen von zähnen und zahnersatzmaterialien - Google Patents
Material und gerät zur reinigung von oberflächen von zähnen und zahnersatzmaterialienInfo
- Publication number
- EP0794714A1 EP0794714A1 EP95941032A EP95941032A EP0794714A1 EP 0794714 A1 EP0794714 A1 EP 0794714A1 EP 95941032 A EP95941032 A EP 95941032A EP 95941032 A EP95941032 A EP 95941032A EP 0794714 A1 EP0794714 A1 EP 0794714A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning elements
- cleaning
- material according
- base body
- tooth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
- A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B9/00—Arrangements of the bristles in the brush body
- A46B9/02—Position or arrangement of bristles in relation to surface of the brush body, e.g. inclined, in rows, in groups
- A46B9/04—Arranged like in or for toothbrushes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
- A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
- A46B2200/1066—Toothbrush for cleaning the teeth or dentures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a material for cleaning surfaces of teeth and denture materials according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for cleaning surfaces of teeth and denture materials with a piece of cleaning material made from such a material.
- Known tooth cleaning devices in the form of toothbrushes such as z. B. are disclosed in DE-A-26 52 744 have within a bristle field some 100 to about 1,500 bristles which are attached to the underside of a generally rectangular flat bristle carrier.
- Tooth cleaning devices have already been proposed which have elastic foam bodies (DE-A-36 21 815). Although these roughly nestle against the tooth surface, toothpastes are again required to clean the fine surface relief.
- a material for tooth cleaning according to the preamble of claim 1 is to be further developed in such a way that with it a reliable, residue-free cleaning of the surface is simple and in a short time.
- Figure 1 is a plan view of the work surface of a tooth cleaning device
- FIG. 2 a top view of the working surface of a modified tooth cleaning device
- Figure 3 is a plan view of the work surface of a modified tooth cleaning device
- FIG. 1 shows a transverse section through a tooth cleaning device according to one of FIGS. 1 to 3 in use on a lateral tooth surface;
- Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, in which a further modified tooth cleaning device is shown;
- FIG. 6 a view similar to FIG. 5, in which a further modified tooth cleaning device is shown;
- Figure 7 a view similar to Figure 5, with still a further embodiment of a tooth cleaning device
- FIG. 8 a schematic side view of a tooth cleaning device attached to a finger
- FIG. 9 a schematic longitudinal section through a further modified tooth cleaning device which has a vibration drive
- FIG. 10 a longitudinal section through a shoe-like cleaning head
- Figure 11 a transverse section through the cleaning head of Figure 10 along the cutting line there
- FIG. 12 a schematic side view of a further tooth cleaning device with supply of treatment liquid to the work surface
- Figure 13 is a schematic enlarged view in which various alternatives for attaching cleaning elements to a base body of a tooth cleaning device according to one of the
- FIG. 14 a transverse, enlarged section through a monofilament cleaning element from FIG. 13;
- FIG. 15 a transverse section through a modified multifilament cleaning element for a tooth cleaning device according to one of FIGS. 1 to 12;
- FIG. 16 a sectional view similar to FIG. 16, in which a further modified monofilament cleaning element is shown in section;
- FIG. 17 an enlarged side view of the end of a further modified cleaning element
- FIG. 18 a further enlarged side view of a further modified cleaning element, which can be produced from the one shown in FIG. 17;
- FIG. 19 a side view of a cleaning element which is partially stiffened by impregnation with resin
- FIG. 20 a transverse section through the cleaning element according to FIG. 19 along the section line XX-XX;
- FIG. 21 a transverse section through the cleaning element according to FIG. 19 along the section line XXI-XXI there;
- FIG. 22 a top view of the working surface of a modified tooth cleaning device.
- Figure 23 Different steps in the manufacture of a dental cleaning material with strips of cleaning elements of different heights.
- the tooth cleaning device shown in FIG. 1 has a handle 10, on which a handle designated 12 in total Cleaning head is detachably placed, for example, pushed on or clipped on.
- the cleaning head 12 has a head body 14 designed as a flat hollow body with a rear wall 16 and a front wall 18 as well as a curved edge wall 20 connecting these two walls.
- the head body 14 is thus essentially rectangular in a transverse sectional view, the narrow sides of the Rectangle are semicircular.
- a cleaning covering 22 is drawn onto the front wall 18, e.g. glued on (adhesive layer 23) or welded on or attached by means of a Velcro fastener.
- the cleaning covering 22 has a flexible base body 24, which can be a woven fabric, knitted fabric, braid, knitted fabric, fleece, a felt, a laid scrim, a film or a composite material made of several of the aforementioned materials.
- Thread-like cleaning elements 26 of first length and thread-like cleaning elements 28 of second, greater length are attached to the base body 24 in the manner of pile threads.
- the cleaning elements can be attached to the base body on the one hand by pulling in, weaving in, gluing or welding on fiber loops or else by leading fiber sections of the base body out of it in a loop shape, the ends of the fiber loops then being cut open.
- the individual cleaning elements can be glued or welded to the base body.
- the cleaning elements are preferably fixed to the base body in that the base body provided with cleaning elements is used impregnated with a synthetic resin which, after hardening, firmly connects the cleaning elements to the base body and at the same time gives the base body a certain elastic flexural strength. Details will be described in more detail later.
- multifilament cleaning elements are provided per cm 2, each comprising 30 individual filaments. Both the short cleaning elements 26 and the long cleaning elements 28 are unraveled at their ends, and the short cleaning elements 26 are additionally crimped and form a felt-like structure. So you have about 12,000 active ends of single filaments per cm. This number can be further increased by increasing the number of individual filaments in the individual cleaning element or by setting the same even more densely.
- the material is a knitted velor with two different polyester threads, which form both the basic body and the two types of cleaning elements.
- the diameter of the multifilament fibers is approx. 0.5 mm.
- the basic knitted fabric (basic body) has a weight per unit area
- the pile fiber material has a Total basis weight of 536 g / cm 2, of which each
- Half is in fibers of 2.3 dtex or in fibers of 13.9 dtex.
- Modified such knitted velor materials have a density of 100 to 800 cleaning elements per cm 2.
- the optimal density of cleaning elements in individual cases depends on the material from which the cleaning elements are made, on their cross-section, on their structure (multifil ./. Monofil), on their conditioning (texturing, coating, etc.), on their protrusion beyond the base body, on the properties of neighboring cleaning elements (eg length difference, stiffness difference) and also on the grouping or area distribution of the cleaning elements.
- the cleaning elements 26 are in transverse strip-shaped regions 30 of the
- Cleaning covering 22 is arranged, while the long cleaning elements 28 are provided in the intermediate transverse strip-shaped areas 32.
- the cleaning head 12 seen in supervision about the shape of a peanut the long axis of the cleaning head is dimensioned such that the working surface of the cleaning head can cover two to three adjacent teeth (about 15 to 30 mm), while the height of the cleaning head 12 corresponds to the height of a tooth crown (about 5 to 15 mm, preferably about 10 mm).
- FIG. 2 largely corresponds to that according to FIG. 1. Functionally corresponding components are again provided with the same reference numerals and are not described again in detail.
- the strip-shaped regions 30 and 32 run in the longitudinal direction of the cleaning head. Furthermore, a garland-shaped or coiled further cleaning element 34 (or a plurality of such cleaning elements) is provided at the edge of the cleaning covering 22.
- the cleaning pad 22 is composed of several parts: in a drop-shaped part 36 of the cleaning pad 22, which is on the left in the drawing, the strip-shaped regions 30 and 32 are arranged in the longitudinal direction, while in the part on the right, the rest of the work surface 38 of the cleaning covering 22, the strip-shaped areas 30 and 32 are oriented transversely.
- the tooth cleaning device shown in FIG. 4 in a transverse section has a similar appearance from the side as the tooth cleaning device according to FIG. 1. However, it has a slightly different structure:
- a foam layer 40 is applied to the inside of the tubular base body 24, the thickness of which is small on the working surface of the cleaning head 12 and large in the rear area free of cleaning elements. Simultaneously with the molding of the foam layer 40, this and thus also the base body 24 connected to it is given a transverse cross-sectional geometry which corresponds to a rectangle with circular narrow sides when the cleaning head is not loaded.
- the cross-sectional shape with concave curvature of the working side which can be seen from the drawing, is obtained when the cleaning head 12 is non-positively placed on a tooth surface, the front wall of the base body 24 and foam layer 40 being curved in accordance with the curvature of the tooth surface. Since the foam layer 40 on the working side of the cleaning head 12 is only thin, the base body 24 can adapt to the actual surface of the respectively cleaned tooth when pressure is exerted on the cleaning head 12 with elastic deformation.
- a connecting part 42 which is provided with a locking rib 44, which can be clipped into a locking groove 46, which is provided in the end of the handle 10, is also molded onto the rear side of the base body 24, which is reinforced by the foam layer 40.
- a layer made of another elastic plastic can also be used. turn, especially soak the base with an elastic synthetic resin after curing.
- the short cleaning elements 26 are formed by crimped pieces of thread.
- the longer cleaning elements 28 are twisted multifilament thread pieces.
- the free end sections are dissolved, so that the individual filaments 48 of the cleaning elements 28 forming a tuft can work together with the tooth surface.
- these filaments can move between the outside of the tooth 52 under consideration and the adjacent gums 54 into the uppermost section of the tooth pocket and remove contaminants present there, in particular bacteria, food residues and plague.
- the base body 24 carrying the cleaning elements 26 and 28 is now embedded in a head base 56 made of elastic material, which has an essentially circular cross-sectional geometry.
- Bristles 58 are additionally provided between the cleaning elements 26, 28 and are fixed in the base body 24 and in the top floor 56.
- the base body 24 and the head base 56 are additionally connected to further, longer bristles 60 which run in the shape of a beam in different directions, as shown in FIG Figure 5 can be seen.
- the curvature of the working surface of the cleaning head 12 is again matched to the central curvature of the tooth side surface, and the elongated bristles 60, which run obliquely to the working side of the head base 6, can engage in the upper sections of tooth pockets.
- the head bottom 56 again carries a connecting part 42 for attachment to a handle.
- FIG. 6 largely corresponds to that according to FIG. 5, with the proviso that the cleaning elements 28 towards the edge of the cleaning head 12 have an increasingly greater length and run towards the center of the curvature of the head base 56.
- the cleaning elements 26, 28 form an overall working surface, the curvature of which is somewhat smaller than the curvature of the side surface of the tooth 52.
- Abrasive small particles 61 are screwed into some of the cleaning elements 26 and 28, which are shown in the drawing with an exaggerated size and are released when the cleaning elements are twisted on.
- small abrasive particles can be introduced into the pile formed by the cleaning elements 26, 28 by storing the tooth cleaning device between the teeth brushing in a solution in which such fine particles (eg pyrogenic silicon dioxide particles) are suspended.
- fine particles eg pyrogenic silicon dioxide particles
- Such fine abrasive particles are used when you want to remove strong, hard deposits or stubborn stains. Since the individual filaments 48 obtained by dissolving the ends of the cleaning elements 28 and 60 have very small diameters, they can also penetrate into fine depressions in the surface relief of the tooth 52 and mechanically remove existing impurities there. In many cases, it is therefore sufficient when using such a tooth cleaning device to wet the tooth surface with water, which is kept in the spaces between the different cleaning elements by immersing the cleaning device in water.
- the water held in the pile formed by the cleaning elements also serves as a transport medium in which detached contaminants can move from the tips of the cleaning elements into the interior of the pile. From there, the impurities are then washed out when cleaning the cleaning head after brushing the teeth or the prosthesis.
- a liquid treatment medium can also be used which contains deodorants, flavorings (e.g. mint) and active ingredients (e.g. fluorides, chlorhexidine digluconate, enzymes or the like).
- This treatment medium 62 can e.g. are dispensed from a dropper bottle 64.
- a gel with appropriate additives, which thus corresponds to a toothpaste without abrasive particles and is used analogously.
- the tooth cleaning device shown in FIG. 7 is comparable in terms of its general structure to the tooth cleaning device according to FIG. 4, with the difference that the head body 14 has a convexly curved working side and is higher than the head body shown in FIG. 4.
- the reinforcing foam layer 40 now has a large one has only very small wall thickness at the front, the head body 14 shown in FIG. 7 can deform slightly and thus adapt to the outer contour of the tooth 52.
- the rear half of the tubular base body 24 is also embedded in the front section of the foam layer 40, which thus forms the back of the head body 14 alone.
- a first elastic layer 66 and a second elastic layer 68 are also applied to the inside of the tubular head body 14.
- the layer 68 is softer than the layer 66 and has a front boundary surface which is less curved than the front boundary surface of the layer 66.
- the layers 66 and 68 represent a progressive elastomeric block spring which, when the cleaning head 12 is pressed down strongly comes into contact with the tooth 52 on the back of the base body 24 reinforced by the thin section of the foam layer 40. In this way, an elastic but strong frictional connection is obtained between the cleaning head 12 and the lateral tooth surface.
- the cleaning head 12 is designed as a finger cap that can be pushed over the finger 70 of a user.
- An elastic clamping section 74 is molded onto the cleaning head 12 via a web 72, which is also still equipped with cleaning elements, in order to detachably fix the cleaning head 12 on the user's finger.
- a section of the finger cap can be replaced by an elastic band for fastening the cleaning head 12 to the finger, so that the finger cap sits on one end of the finger under elastic circumferential tension.
- the base body 24 carrying the cleaning elements 26, 28 is provided at its ends with fastening elements 76, 78 shown as eyelets. These are suspended in the free ends of a C-shaped leaf spring 80 under pretension, so that the leaf spring 80 flatly stretches the flexible base body 24.
- the leaf spring 80 is in turn releasably connected at a point adjacent to one end (e.g. by a screw 82) to the driven part 84 of a vibrator, generally designated 86, which is integrated in the handle 10.
- the vibrator 86 operates at a frequency in the range between 50 and 1,000 Hz, preferably between 100 and 300 Hz, the amplitude A of the output part 84 in the range between 1 ⁇ m and 1,000 ⁇ m, preferably between 200 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- the vibrator 86 thus moves the base body 24 carrying the cleaning elements 26, 28 back and forth, the main component of this movement running parallel to the handle axis. When pressed against a tooth surface, the base body 24 can adapt to the tooth surface with elastic deformation of the leaf spring. A smaller proportion of the output movement of the vibrator 86 is then also effective in the direction perpendicular to the tooth surface.
- an ultrasound generator can also be used. To generate a slow back and forth movement, which also e.g. tumbling
- bracket 80 can also be coupled to the driven part of a conventional electric toothbrush drive.
- the base body 24 is impregnated with an elastic material 90 and permanently shaped into a shoe tip-like geometry. Lateral edges of the shaped basic body 24 sit in slots 91 of a head plate 92, which in turn is fitted and clipped into a matching end section 93 of a handle.
- the thickness and hardness of the material 90 impregnating the base body is selected so that the surface of the base body lying at the top in FIG. 11 is concavely bent under the usual contact pressure when brushing teeth, in accordance with the mean curvature of the machined tooth surface.
- the top plate 92 has a circumferential edge wall 92-1 which is inserted into a circumferential edge wall 93-1 of the holding section 93. fits.
- a fastening pin 92-2 of the head plate 92 engages in the frictional engagement and / or in a latching manner in a fastening opening 93-2 of the holding section 93.
- the tooth cleaning device shown in FIG. 12 essentially corresponds to that according to FIG. 1, but a liquid channel 94 is provided in the head body 14. This has a plurality of openings 96 on the front, through which a treatment liquid can be passed through the liquid-permeable base body 24 into the spaces between the cleaning elements 26, 28, from there to the working surface of the cleaning head 12 to arrive.
- the liquid channel 94 is connected to a reservoir 98 for the treatment liquid, which is accommodated in the interior of the handle 10 and is connected to the ambient atmosphere via a ventilation opening 100. A small amount of treatment liquid can be moved through the openings 96 by shaking the handle 10.
- the treatment liquid can contain, for example, fluorides or other active substances and / or plaque coloring agents and / or flavorings and / or small abrasive particles.
- the cartridge-like storage container 98 can be replaced after removing a cover 102 provided at the end of the handle.
- FIG. 13 shows various examples for the production of a basic body carrying cleaning elements:
- threads 104 are sewn or tufted into a textile base body 24 in such a way that loops 106 protruding beyond the front of the base body 24 are obtained become. End portions of the loops 106 are cut off, so that each loop now forms two cleaning elements 28 (or also 26).
- the free end section of the cleaning elements can be untangled so that a tuft of individual filaments 48 is obtained.
- the production method shown in d) largely corresponds to that in a), but the loops 106 are sections of the warp and / or weft threads of the fabric forming the base body 24 that are pulled out of the base body level. This can e.g. in the form of a knitted velor.
- individual monofilament cleaning elements 110 which at the end chemically split into several small monofilaments 108, are inserted into the meshes of the woven base body 24 and fixed in place by small amounts of adhesive 112.
- the aforementioned variants of fixing the cleaning elements to the base body can be used equally for monofilament and ultimate cleaning elements and for untreated (e.g. not split or not broken open) and treated (e.g. textured) cleaning elements.
- a fine fabric 114 made of a weldable plastic material such as propylene is folded (folds extend perpendicular to the plane of the drawing), and the deepest points of the folds at the bottom in FIG. 13 are welded 116 with the also made of weldable plastic material such as polypropylene - Made basic body 24 connected.
- the upper end sections 118 of the fabric folds are then cut off, and in this way a very large number of small diameters of individual cleaning elements (warp or weft threads of the fine fabric 114) are obtained, but these are very are effectively protected against micro kinking, since they are held in frictional engagement by adjacent fabric threads running perpendicular to them.
- the cut ends of the folds of the tissue 114 again provide a work surface that can adapt to the macro contour of a tooth surface.
- the cleaning elements can each be provided with a coating in order to influence their surface qualities. In the case of a monofilament cleaning element, this is shown in FIG. 14 (coating 120).
- the coating material can either be one which contains antifungal or antibacterial active ingredients, or one which comprises a material which improves wear resistance, such as a silica preparation.
- a material which improves wear resistance such as a silica preparation.
- small abrasive particles can also be built into the coating. Silanes and silicones or synthetic resins are considered as further coating materials.
- FIG. 15 shows an example of the modification of the properties of a cleaning element, the basic structure of which is a thread with individual filaments 122.
- a matrix material 124 can be impregnated into the loose thread structure, which can comprise the various material components mentioned in connection with the coating 120 individually or in combination.
- the matrix material 124 obviously also makes the mechanical one Strength, in particular the flexibility of the cleaning element, specifically changed.
- small abrasive particles 126 are embedded in a monofils cleaning element which is made from a wearing material. These are then gradually exposed in the use of the tooth cleaning element, e.g. to remove stubborn deposits from the tooth surface.
- FIG. 17 shows the free end section of a further cleaning element which is produced from a multifilament thread made of a weldable plastic material such as polyester.
- Receive end cap 128 With such a cleaning element, fanning out the individual filaments is not possible.
- the massive end cap 128 can be stored somewhat softer by unscrewing the end of the thread with greater force, as shown in FIG.
- the end cap 128 is then connected to the main part of the cleaning element via a large number of small curved filament sections 130.
- FIGS. 19 to 21 show that the rigidity of a cleaning element 28 (or other multifilament cleaning elements) can be increased by impregnating a lower main section 132 with a synthetic resin 124 which increases the rigidity, while leaving a short end section 134 soaked. This is then largely unraveled.
- the end section 134 can still be stripped into individual filaments using the same synthetic resin or impregnate another synthetic resin with strength, whereby one can restrict oneself to the undrawn part of the end section 134 or simultaneously coat the individual filaments with a coating in order to increase the rigidity up to the end face thereof.
- the section along the section line XXI-XXI looks similar to the section shown in FIG. 20, but the synthetic resin 124 can be different.
- Medium are longer and softer and have a second, lower density, whereby the distribution between cleaning elements 26 and 28 can also be different and in addition the cleaning elements or a part thereof can also be made of a different material.
- FIG. 23 show successive steps in the production of an endless velvet-like or velor-like material, as can be used to produce a cleaning covering 22:
- threads 140 and 142 are sewn between two base bodies 24, 24 ', which are kept at a distance.
- the threads 140 which later form cleaning elements 28 those are shown as simple lines. These are twisted multifilament threads or monofilament threads, the ends of which can be split open by chemical action.
- the threads 142 which are later to give the textured, crimped cleaning elements 26, are marked by small circles (these circular marks therefore do not illustrate the geometry of the threads).
- the threads 142 are pretreated so that they are then crimped by physical and / or chemical treatment. This can be threads with a frozen stretch, for example. As can be seen from the drawing, two threads 140 each follow two threads 142 in a thread row.
- the double fabric shown in sub-figure a) is then cut through in the middle by a knife, so that two separate base bodies 24 and 24 'are obtained, each carrying an associated set of pile fibers, as shown in sub-figure b).
- Base body 24, 24 'with a synthetic resin and subsequent hardening of the synthetic resin are then permanently attached to the pile threads on the base body.
- the pile threads of the same length but with different properties, the base body 24 or 24 'together with their pile threads are subjected to a physical and / or chemical treatment which leads to the thread pieces 142 adopting a crimped structure and unscrewing the ends of the thread pieces 140 .
- the material thus obtained, in each of which two short, crimped cleaning elements 26 are followed by two long cleaning elements 28, which are finally split into individual filaments, is shown in sub-figure c) of FIG. 19.
- a material which is also well suited as a cleaning material is a knitted velor with pile loops or pile threads forming corresponding cleaning elements.
- Pieces of material separated from such material can be used directly or after shaping for cleaning teeth or denture materials.
- the base body 24 consists of any flexible structure to which cleaning elements are attached in such a way that they run away from the main surface of the base body, preferably in a direction perpendicular thereto.
- Such structures are, in particular, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens, felts or composite materials made from the aforementioned materials.
- the base body 24 and the cleaning elements 26, 28 and further cleaning elements are made, it is basically the case that it is a biologically compatible, toxicologically harmless (also with regard to any abrasion that may occur) and the intraoral milieu is holding materials. In particular, they must not contain any components of toxicologically unsafe length / width ratio or be created during application.
- a general further requirement for the materials used is wear resistance and low solubility in the oral environment, especially in organic acids.
- Mineral fibers and chemical fibers made from natural polymers such as cellulose or protein or from synthetic polymers, in particular polyamide, polyacrylic, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polysulfone and particularly preferably polyester, are particularly suitable.
- Fibers from which the basic body 24 is constructed are also vegetable fibers such as cotton, flax, linen, animal fibers such as wool or silk.
- the improvement in the wear resistance of the cleaning elements can be improved by impregnation with silica preparations.
- a coating or impregnation with antifungal or antibacterial agents is advantageous.
- the cleaning elements can be textured, for example crimped and / or electrostatically charged, before or after they are incorporated into the base body. Furthermore they can at least be restructured or conditioned on sections of their surface, that is to say modified in their surface properties. Here physical or chemical processes have proven themselves.
- the surfaces of the cleaning elements are treated mechanically, for example brushed or sanded, in order to at least partially roughen the surfaces.
- the cleaning elements can be thermally treated at least in sections thereof, for example in order to create dome-shaped closed fiber ends or to obtain secondary and / or tertiary fiber structures, for example entangled or crimped structures.
- the cleaning elements or the entire cleaning head can be sterilized and the free surface energy of the cleaning elements can be increased or their zeta potential changed, which improves the cleaning effect of the tooth cleaning device.
- Chemical conditioning methods for example treatment with solvents, acids or alkalis, can also be used to make targeted changes to the cleaning elements, for example at least partially welding individual filaments or entire cleaning elements, roughening the surface of the cleaning elements or splitting ends of monofilament cleaning elements.
- the surfaces of the cleaning elements are at least partially coated, for example with silanes and / or silicones and / or synthetic resins, or if thread-like cleaning elements consisting of a large number of individual filaments are impregnated or a cleaning covering constructed with such cleaning elements is at least partially coated with materials of the same or a different type , preferably synthetic resins, a specific stiffening of individual sections of the cleaning elements or a connection of several adjacent cleaning elements can be achieved. With a different choice of coating or impregnation materials, the risk of agglomeration of fine individual filaments of a cleaning element can be reduced.
- the cleaning elements can also be conditioned and / or coated and / or impregnated differently in different sections.
- the attachment of the cleaning elements to the base body is generally carried out in such a way that the cleaning elements run away from the base body essentially perpendicularly, similarly to pile fibers attached to carrier fabrics.
- the cleaning elements can also be set at a different predetermined angle to the base body surface.
- the individual cleaning elements can be formed by individual thread loops which, after they have been separated, form a pile of open pile threads.
- the loops are preferably attached to the base body in such a way that only the cleaning side of the cleaning covering 22, but not the rear side thereof, has fiber protrusions.
- the cleaning covering can also be produced from a double fabric or a three-dimensional fabric from textile fibers or threads, in which free fiber ends are created by cuts.
- the base body carrying the cleaning elements can be at least partially coated with a compact foam.
- the cleaning surface can be attached to a base, which is a film or a flat piece of material, preferably made of plastic or metal, which then serves at the same time as a holding element for the cleaning surface, in which it is either part of a handle or as a fastening element for fixed or detachable connection with a separate handle.
- preferably monofilament fibers and multifilament fibers from twisted individual filaments are used, which preferably consist of polyester.
- monofilament fibers are used, their diameter between 1 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m is selected, monofilament fibers with an average diameter between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m and again preferably in the range between 1 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m have proven successful. It goes without saying that fibers with a non-constant fiber diameter can also be used, in particular conically drawn-out fibers which have a diameter in the abovementioned ranges only in their free end section.
- multifilament fibers their average diameter is between 5 ⁇ m and 1,000 ⁇ m, with diameters between 10 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m and in particular between 30 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m having proven particularly useful. It has proven particularly useful if the diameter of the individual filaments of these fibers is chosen between one tenth and one five hundredth of the fiber diameter, again preferably between one twentieth and one hundredth of the fiber diameter.
- the flat base body preferably consists of a Basic fabric, which is made from a basic fiber. At least one pile fiber is worked into the base fabric in such a way that pile loops protrude on the surface of the base fabric that will later serve as the cleaning side, while the pile fibers are introduced on the later back side of the base fabric without fiber protrusion. The protruding pile loops are then cut open to give a unilateral pile.
- a base body in the form of a knitted fabric with unilaterally projecting loops which are cut open, for example in the manner of a knitted velor, is also very suitable.
- a multifilament pile fiber is particularly preferred, which fuses out into a multiplicity of small individual filaments at the cut fiber ends.
- the total active cleaning surface is significantly increased.
- the pile formed by the cleaning elements with an optionally additionally curved shape of the cleaning surface, enables the covering to be removed safely from the spherically curved buccal and oral tooth surfaces and from large parts of the approximal and occlusal tooth surfaces as well as in the area of the gingival sulcus.
- the pile height is preferably not chosen uniformly; rather, different protrusions on non-cut pile loops and / or pile fibers cut open in the sense of a pile are selected in different areas of the cleaning side of the cleaning covering.
- Particularly mixed surface structures with locally regular geometries have proven useful here, for example strip-shaped arrangements of the cleaning elements which are oriented differently in different areas of the cleaning surface, for example in the longitudinal direction or transverse direction of the cleaning head.
- Every second web of pile loops and / or the pile fibers has a difference in the fiber protrusion of between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm, have proven particularly useful.
- the cleaning elements 26 and 28 not only have different lengths but also different strengths and different textures, and they can also be made from different basic materials consist.
- the cleaning effect of the cleaning covering 22 can also be further improved by lending a further one in addition to the pile fiber mentioned above Pol fiber integrated into the basic fabric.
- the fiber protrusion of this further pile fiber points in the same direction as that of the first pile fiber, the back of the cleaning covering 22 preferably not having any fiber protrusions even after the introduction of the second pile fiber.
- the resulting pile loops of the second pile fiber preferably do not remain cut open in the case of monofilament fibers.
- a multifilament fiber is particularly suitable as the second pile fiber, the loops of which are also cut open at the end.
- a monofilament fiber textured in the sense of fiber crimping is preferably used for the second pile fiber.
- selective texturing of the second pile fiber e.g. use of modified compared to the first pile fiber
- Material which is elastically pre-tensioned or which is more sensitive to chemical and / or physical conditioning methods, in particular texturing, than the first pile fiber results in a fiber crimp of the second pile fibers, so that these, especially in the case of multifilament fibers, partially matt together with one another .
- Pile fibers can be either the same, higher or lower than that of the first pile fiber. A maximum of 5 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, smaller fiber protrusion of the second pile fiber has proven particularly effective compared to the first pile fiber.
- third and further pile fibers or conventional bristles can also be attached to the base fabric. If bristles are used, they can also be incorporated into the base fabric instead of the second pile fibers mentioned above. If conventional bristles are also used, a difference in protrusion of approximately between -5 mm and +5 mm from the protrusion of one of the pile fibers, preferably the first pile fiber, is preferably provided for them.
- the bristles can be fixed either on the base fabric or on adjacent surface sections of a head body or grip element. Bristles which are between 0.5 mm and 2 mm shorter than the protrusion of the pile fibers or pile loops are preferably introduced in each case between two sheets of pile fibers or pile loops.
- a twisted fiber which has a spring-like structure can be arranged on the longitudinal edge regions of the cleaning covering 22.
- the individual spring-like loops can then engage far into the interdental spaces in the course of tooth cleaning by moving the cleaning head parallel to the rows of teeth.
- the concave, transverse cross-sectional shape is preferably given to the working or cleaning surface of the cleaning head specified by the cleaning elements.
- the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the cleaning surface can also be chosen to be concave.
- Advantageous radii of curvature of the cleaning surface result, taking into account the mean curvature of the tooth crowns or the rows of teeth in the corresponding planes.
- the length of the cleaning covering 22 is chosen with regard to the average width of two to three adjacent teeth, the width of the cleaning covering 22 corresponds essentially to the average height of a tooth crown.
- a typical cleaning covering has a length of 15 to 30 mm and a height of 5 to 15 mm, preferably a length of 20 mm and a height of 10 mm.
- a garland-shaped design of the edge region of the cleaning covering 22 results in improved cleaning of the approximal surfaces of the teeth and the gingival sulcus.
- the cleaning elements have a certain stiffness and furthermore have the smallest possible diameter in order to be able to also clean depressions in the fine surface relief of tooth surfaces.
- the surface hardness of the cleaning elements used should be somewhat greater than the surface hardness of the organic plaque structure in order to be able to remove organic plaque. It is particularly advantageous to choose the surface hardness of the cleaning elements to be somewhat greater than the surface hardness of plaque calcified in the sense of the beginning of tartar formation. To avoid signs of wear on healthy dental hard tissue and common tooth restoration materials, however, the surface hardness of the cleaning elements is chosen to be smaller than that of the dental hard tissue or the restoration materials.
- the strength of the cleaning effect can also be determined by the size of the supernatant of the cleaning elements vary and combine harder and softer cleaning elements with different projections.
- a tooth cleaning device as it is based on various factors
- Exemplary embodiments described above have, due to their fiber structure, a substantially larger active cleaning surface in comparison to conventional toothbrushes, the diameter of the active ends of the cleaning elements, which is much smaller compared to conventional bristles, allowing improved cleaning of microscopic surface structures.
- the contact time of the cleaning head 12 with the tooth surface required for cleaning can be significantly reduced compared to conventional cleaning techniques (use of a toothbrush and toothpaste). Due to the improved cleaning effect, good results can also be achieved with less sophisticated cleaning techniques, the contact between the cleaning head 12 and the tooth surface to be cleaned being able to be chosen in almost any way.
- the tooth cleaning device described also achieves good results when removing smokers or tea deposits from the surfaces of teeth or dentures.
- a tooth cleaning device as described above is simply cleaned under running water after use and stored dry in ambient air.
- a treatment liquid can also be selected for cleaning and / or storage, e.g. a silica gel or a solution containing fluoride or chlorhexidine. This prevents agglomeration of the fibers and simultaneous disinfection.
- the cleaning head can be impregnated with active ingredients or with fine abrasive particles from this treatment liquid during storage until the next use and / or chemically conditioned to maintain its cleaning efficiency.
Landscapes
- Brushes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4442001 | 1994-11-28 | ||
DE4442001A DE4442001C2 (de) | 1994-11-28 | 1994-11-28 | Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Zahn- oder Zahnersatzoberflächen |
PCT/EP1995/004676 WO1996016573A1 (de) | 1994-11-28 | 1995-11-28 | Material und gerät zur reinigung von oberflächen von zähnen und zahnersatzmaterialien |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0794714A1 true EP0794714A1 (de) | 1997-09-17 |
EP0794714B1 EP0794714B1 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
Family
ID=6534145
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95941032A Expired - Lifetime EP0794714B1 (de) | 1994-11-28 | 1995-11-28 | Material und gerät zur reinigung von oberflächen von zähnen und zahnersatzmaterialien |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5953783A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0794714B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4257296A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4442001C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996016573A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7093316B2 (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 2006-08-22 | Applied Elastomerics, Inc. | Gels for force gauging |
AU2680197A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-11-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Monofilaments with split ends |
US5933906A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1999-08-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Monofilaments with split ends |
FR2769187B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-03 | 2001-03-09 | Moulinex Sa | Brosse a dents electrique |
DE19844356A1 (de) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-05-04 | Peter Ulrich | Verwendung eines Mikrofasertuches für die Gebißreinigung |
US6112356A (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-09-05 | Hashey; Rene G. | Disposable finger-mounted tooth cleaning unit with handle |
US6721987B2 (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2004-04-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Dental wipe |
US6647549B2 (en) | 2000-04-06 | 2003-11-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Finger glove |
DE10040565A1 (de) * | 2000-08-15 | 2002-03-07 | Schulz Hans Herrmann | Zahnreinigungsvorrichtung |
US6408477B1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-06-25 | Fay H. Culbreth | Orthodontic toothbrush |
USD494369S1 (en) | 2001-04-04 | 2004-08-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Dental wipe |
DE10215805C1 (de) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-08-21 | Walter Woerner | Zahnreinigungsteil sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen und Zahnreinigungsinstrument mit einem solchen |
DE10215804A1 (de) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-11-06 | Walter Woerner | Instrument zur Zahnreinigung |
US20040117930A1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-06-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Toothbrush |
US7086423B2 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2006-08-08 | Milliken & Company | Pile fabric |
CA2542393C (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2009-10-13 | University Of Washington | Toothbrush employing an acoustic waveguide |
US7249385B2 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2007-07-31 | Richard Schukraft | Finger/toe tip protective apparatus |
US20050241662A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-03 | Sheffler Robert J | Abraded spiral wound brush |
DE102004036812A1 (de) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-03-23 | Braun Gmbh | Elektrische Zahnbürste |
US7507047B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2009-03-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Finger wipe containing a composition in a rupturable reservoir |
US7674058B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2010-03-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Disposable wipe with liquid storage and application system |
DE202008000384U1 (de) * | 2008-01-10 | 2008-05-29 | Methfessel, Thomas | Vorrichtung zur Reinigung des Mundraums |
JP2012516163A (ja) | 2009-01-28 | 2012-07-19 | エンクル ヨハネス | 創傷清掃用具 |
US20130192013A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | Katina Clausen | Finger sleeve for use with a touch screen display of an electronic device |
US8997298B2 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2015-04-07 | Harry Krasnick | Transversal cleaning apparatus |
WO2015033352A2 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | Mohit Kumar Khandelwal | A finger mountable dental hand piece device |
US20160157594A1 (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-09 | Nick Jones | Cleaning assembly |
ES2934794T3 (es) * | 2015-01-30 | 2023-02-27 | Rynerson James M | Instrumentos para quitar residuos de un ojo |
DE202016002788U1 (de) | 2016-04-28 | 2016-06-16 | Lohmann & Rauscher Gmbh | Applikationshilfe für die Behandlung von Wunden |
US10966807B1 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2021-04-06 | Salina Arafat | Electric toothbrushes |
US20190262190A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | Brian A. Fried | Disposable finger mounted swab |
EP4247212A1 (de) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-09-27 | Ryca International, Inc. | Angetriebene zahnreinigungsvorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3335443A (en) * | 1967-08-15 | Ultrasonic brush | ||
FR377751A (fr) * | 1907-05-13 | 1907-09-14 | Phateco Ges Mit Beschraenkter | Appareil de friction spécialement pour les gencives |
US1179426A (en) * | 1913-07-23 | 1916-04-18 | John E Hamilton | Tooth-brush. |
US1470710A (en) * | 1919-10-29 | 1923-10-16 | Dentabrush Company | Sanitary toothbrush |
DE500937C (de) * | 1928-08-11 | 1930-06-26 | Emil Major Dr | Zahn- und Mundpflegegeraet |
US2233831A (en) * | 1938-06-28 | 1941-03-04 | Burke Madison Otey | Sanitary toothbrush |
CH253831A (de) * | 1946-03-16 | 1948-03-31 | Edm Dr Lekisch | Vorrichtung zum Reinigen der Zähne. |
US2599191A (en) * | 1947-07-02 | 1952-06-03 | Roland J Meunier | Dental brush having looped bristles |
DE885390C (de) * | 1950-06-10 | 1953-08-03 | Rolf Moroni | Zahnbuerste aus schaumartigem elastischem Werkstoff |
US3103679A (en) * | 1961-11-01 | 1963-09-17 | George S Clemens | Toothbrush |
US3337893A (en) * | 1964-07-29 | 1967-08-29 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Tooth cleaning implement |
US3325845A (en) * | 1965-02-26 | 1967-06-20 | Int Playtex Corp | Nylon bristle resembling natural bristle |
US3354491A (en) * | 1966-03-21 | 1967-11-28 | Kay El Sales Corp | Toothbrush |
DE2147727A1 (de) * | 1971-09-24 | 1973-05-03 | Engelhardt Ludwig | Zahnpfleger |
DE2518845A1 (de) * | 1975-04-28 | 1976-11-18 | Geb Pahnke Erika Gaedke | Zahnbuerste |
GB1570388A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1980-07-02 | Unilever Ltd | Toothbrushes |
US4030845A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1977-06-21 | Deckert Dennis D | Toothbrush with self-contained dentifrice and disposable handle |
DE2930459A1 (de) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-02-12 | Kraft Paul | Zahnreinigungsgeraet |
US4265258A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1981-05-05 | Eaton Melvin H Ii | Dental floss |
JPS56501434A (de) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-10-08 | ||
DE8006416U1 (de) * | 1980-03-08 | 1980-07-03 | Fischer, Alfred, Ing.(Grad.), 7100 Heilbronn | Zahnpflegeschwamm |
US4493125A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1985-01-15 | Collis George C | Toothbrush with curved bristles |
US4570282A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1986-02-18 | Kaufman Martin H | Toothbrush |
US4576190A (en) * | 1982-12-21 | 1986-03-18 | Youssef Kamal A | Toothsticks "Toostix" |
BE898717R (fr) * | 1983-02-21 | 1984-07-20 | Argembrau Etienne D | Perfectionnements aux brosses a dents |
US4616374A (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1986-10-14 | William Novogrodsky | Microfloss toothbrush |
GB8511478D0 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1985-06-12 | Lai Ming J | Toothbrushes |
US4679274A (en) * | 1985-07-24 | 1987-07-14 | Friedman Jack C | Finger manipulated oral hygiene device |
DE3621815A1 (de) * | 1986-06-28 | 1988-01-14 | Heinrich Schaiper | Zahnbuerste |
DE3640898C1 (de) * | 1986-11-29 | 1988-01-21 | Menadier Heilmittel Gmbh | Zahnbuerste |
IT8702909A0 (it) * | 1987-04-03 | 1987-04-03 | Barno Vito Invernizzi Maria | Doppiamente setolate e spazzolino da denti con estremita'stuzzicadenti ausiliario. |
US4963046A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1990-10-16 | Kao Corporation | Toothbrush |
DE8805552U1 (de) * | 1988-04-27 | 1989-01-05 | Blendax Gmbh, 6500 Mainz, De | |
JPH02283312A (ja) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-11-20 | Sanpo Seiyaku Kk | 抗菌性口腔内ブラシ |
DE9408268U1 (de) * | 1994-05-19 | 1994-07-14 | Seever Wieland | Zahnbürstenkopf |
US5678273A (en) * | 1996-03-20 | 1997-10-21 | Porcelli; V. Lorenzo | Disposable oral hygiene applicator |
-
1994
- 1994-11-28 DE DE4442001A patent/DE4442001C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-11-28 US US08/849,028 patent/US5953783A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-28 EP EP95941032A patent/EP0794714B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-28 WO PCT/EP1995/004676 patent/WO1996016573A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-11-28 AU AU42572/96A patent/AU4257296A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-28 DE DE59508436T patent/DE59508436D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9616573A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4442001C2 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
WO1996016573A1 (de) | 1996-06-06 |
AU4257296A (en) | 1996-06-19 |
US5953783A (en) | 1999-09-21 |
EP0794714B1 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
DE59508436D1 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
DE4442001A1 (de) | 1996-06-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0794714B1 (de) | Material und gerät zur reinigung von oberflächen von zähnen und zahnersatzmaterialien | |
DE3717475C2 (de) | ||
DE69728774T2 (de) | Zahnbürste mit gekräuselten borsten | |
EP0165546B1 (de) | Zahnbürste | |
DE2828289C2 (de) | Haarbürste | |
DE60201451T2 (de) | Zahnbürste mit verjüngten Borsten mit ausgezeichneter Biegsamkeit und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung | |
DE69731497T2 (de) | Zahnseide für Zahnzwischenräume | |
DE69636108T2 (de) | Verbesserte Zahnbürste | |
EP1154731B1 (de) | Reinigungselement, insbesondere zur reinigung von zähnen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung | |
EP1001693B1 (de) | Zahnbürste | |
EP1448048B1 (de) | Reinigungshandschuh, verwendung des handschuhs als tierpflegehandschuh und tierpflegeset | |
EP0893958B1 (de) | Bürste zur zahnfleischmassage und zahnreinigung und verfahren zur herstellung der borsten einer solchen bürste | |
DE19533144A1 (de) | Zahnbürste | |
EP0334156A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Abgabe eines Haarfärbemittels auf die Kopfhaare von Menschen | |
DE60311478T2 (de) | Bürstenanordnung | |
DE19811283C2 (de) | Vorrichtung für die Reinigung von Zähnen | |
DE10215805C1 (de) | Zahnreinigungsteil sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen und Zahnreinigungsinstrument mit einem solchen | |
DE10047699B4 (de) | Hybridzahnbürste mit einem Borstenfeld aus Borstenbüscheln und in Kunststoffspritzgußtechnik hergestellten Borsten | |
DE102009057483A1 (de) | Zahnbürste | |
EP0935438B1 (de) | Reinigungswerkzeug | |
DE19607742A1 (de) | Gerät zur Zahnreinigung | |
WO2002013720A1 (de) | Zahnreinigungsvorrichtung | |
DE102019001153A1 (de) | Bürste, insbesondere Zahnbürste deren Putzelemente die fraktale Charakteristiken aufweisen | |
DE10312356A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von menschlichen Zähnen, insbesondere für die Dentalhygiene | |
DE4339385A1 (de) | Zahnreinigendes Mittel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19970525 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19981013 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59508436 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20000706 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN P. & C. S.N.C. |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20000808 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20021128 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20031126 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031128 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20031128 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20050126 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050729 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051128 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060601 |