EP0781445A1 - Absorbeur phonique a plusieurs couches pour l'absorption d'ondes acoustiques - Google Patents

Absorbeur phonique a plusieurs couches pour l'absorption d'ondes acoustiques

Info

Publication number
EP0781445A1
EP0781445A1 EP95931221A EP95931221A EP0781445A1 EP 0781445 A1 EP0781445 A1 EP 0781445A1 EP 95931221 A EP95931221 A EP 95931221A EP 95931221 A EP95931221 A EP 95931221A EP 0781445 A1 EP0781445 A1 EP 0781445A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
layers
absorber according
spacers
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95931221A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0781445B1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Roller
Klaus Pfaffelhuber
Stefan Lahner
Gerhard Köck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faist Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
M Faist GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by M Faist GmbH and Co KG filed Critical M Faist GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0781445A1 publication Critical patent/EP0781445A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0781445B1 publication Critical patent/EP0781445B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sound absorber for absorbing acoustic sound waves according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • an airborne sound-absorbing molded part for use in the engine compartment of motor vehicles which consists of a film layer and a porous insulation layer.
  • the molded part consists of an open-pore PU foam which is sealed on all sides by a PU film is.
  • sound absorbers are known (DE-U-92 15 132, DE-C-3 039 651, 4 011 705, 4 317 828 and 4 334 984), the sound-absorbing molded parts made of closed-cell PP foam, PE bonded with binder - have nonwoven, polymeric materials or the like; uncovered Helmholtz resonators have also been used.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a sound absorber of the type mentioned in such a way that the greatest possible sound absorption takes place with as little material expenditure.
  • the sound-absorbing component consists of a sequence of layers of different density and rigidity, which can optionally be laterally interrupted or separated by webs and spacers.
  • These layers consist of foils, nonwovens, foams, other membrane-like materials or fabrics or also of a gas, which can expediently also be air. It is essential for the acoustic effectiveness of this component that the successive materials differ very clearly - almost abruptly - in their density and in their rigidity. This results in reflections of the sound waves traveling back and forth in the absorber at the transition points, which, with suitable dimensioning, leads to good sound absorption in certain preselectable frequency ranges.
  • one of the layers can be used as a carrier layer, i.e. be formed as a carrier body, in particular with a high mass.
  • the carrier body can then be designed as a shell-like or trough-like carrier shell, while the spacers - or intermediate layers - which keep other thin layers at a distance from the carrier shell, are designed and arranged in such a way that resonance chambers exist between the layers and the carrier shell surrender.
  • the spaces between the layers are filled with insulating materials
  • the sound-absorbing effect is namely achieved primarily by causing the gas modules between the layers to vibrate due to the incident sound waves.
  • the gas modules which consist in particular of air, have an area-related stiffness that forms a mass-spring system with the mass coatings of the layers and the coupled ambient air, which leads to minima of the acoustic impedance and therefore to sound absorption in the area of the resonance frequencies.
  • the absorber can thus be idealized by connecting masses and springs in series. Per mass-spring pair there is a minimum of acoustic impedance on the absorber surface, which in turn leads to a resonance in the absorption curve of the component in question. By varying the material thicknesses and densities, these resonance frequencies can be varied and an arbitrary absorption curve can thereby be realized.
  • the carrier layer It is advisable to manufacture the carrier layer by deep drawing, injection molding or the like without cutting; Press forming, in particular fibrous structures, is also suitable for this. It is advisable to adapt the surfaces of the carrier layer facing away from the resonance chambers to the contours which face the visible side of the sound absorber, for example the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
  • the carrier layer can represent the dashboard of the motor vehicle in order to prevent sound waves arising in the engine compartment from penetrating into the passenger compartment.
  • the carrier layer can therefore also be an already necessary component, for example a partition made of sheet metal, without the sound absorber requiring an additional carrier shell, even if the sound absorber preferably forms an integrated structural unit which is prefabricated and integrated as an application at the location Unit is installed.
  • the layers should have a layer thickness in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm. It is particularly recommended to use a polyurethane elastomer (PU), polypropylene (PP) and / or polyester (PET) for the layers. It is advisable likewise to produce the layers from carbon, PAN (polyacrylonitrile) or natural fibers and / or from fiber-reinforced thermoplastic or from mixtures of these fibers. Flax, coconut, silicon, jute, hemp or cellulose can be used in particular in the case of the natural fiber materials, which can either be thermoplastic, more or less compressed or bonded with natural binders such as lignin or starch.
  • PU polyurethane elastomer
  • PP polypropylene
  • PET polyester
  • Flax, coconut, silicon, jute, hemp or cellulose can be used in particular in the case of the natural fiber materials, which can either be thermoplastic, more or less compressed or bonded with natural binders such as lignin or starch.
  • the spacers should be arranged at a distance from one another between the carrier layer and the further layers in such a way that the resonance chambers are each closed off from the carrier shell at one end and one of the layers at the other end or between the layers themselves.
  • the carrier layer can also have openings.
  • Very simple spacers are formed by web-like or plate-like supports which extend between the layers and are arranged essentially at right angles to them; the spacers can also run at different angles to these units of the sound absorber, if this is expedient for spatial reasons, for example for accommodating other components, such as electrical components, or for resonance purposes.
  • the spacers consist of PU (polyurethane elastomer), PET (polyester), PP (polypropylene), carbon, PAN (polyacrylonitrile) or natural fibers and / or of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic or mixtures of these fibers, similar to the material composition of the Layers.
  • the spacers made of fleece, foam or foil can also be stand .
  • the spacers consist of a foam made of polyurethane elastomer (PU) or of a PET (polyester) fleece; in this case the spacers themselves contribute to sound absorption in the form of a combination of the "layer absorber” and “dam material absorbers". This combination makes it possible to "tailor" certain frequency spectra of the sound absorption.
  • the spacers consist of deep-drawn material, which in particular consists of the same material as either the layers or the carrier layer. If the deep-drawn material itself acts as a chamber resonator or as a home wood resonator through the introduction of openings, the layer absorber is combined with these types of absorbers. With the Helmholtz resonator in particular, the chamber is also protected against contamination (cf. FIG. 3). If chambers are produced from the material by the deep-drawing process, which, as is known, are also effective as resonance absorbers by varying the chamber dimensions, a combination of chamber and layer absorber is created.
  • Figure 1 shows a sequence of different layers in schematic Sectional image
  • FIG. 2 shows a sequence of different layers and intermediate layers or spacers
  • Figure 3 shows a system of membrane and air layers which are laterally delimited by webs
  • Figure 4 shows a system of membrane and air layers and spacers, which are delimited by webs
  • FIG. 5 shows a layer sequence of membranes formed by thermoforming or hot pressing as thin layers
  • FIG. 6 shows a layer sequence of membranes formed by thermoforming or hot pressing with corresponding intermediate layers or spacers
  • FIG. 7 system of a stacking of absorber chambers
  • FIG. 8 layer system with layers pressed laterally or welded onto the carrier shell
  • Figure 10 shows a corresponding schematic cross section through the sound absorber with foam as spacers
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the absorber chambers made of deep-drawn material are covered by a thin layer or membrane.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sequence of thin layers 2 or membranes (film, fleece, foam, etc.) with the corresponding intermediate layers 3a. These intermediate layers 3a here form simple resonance chambers 4, which can be gas and in particular air-filled.
  • This system is completed with a layer of very high mass 1, such as that formed as a carrier shell of an engine capsule.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment of Figure 1, in which the spacers 3a, i.e. the intermediate layers made of porous absorber material such as e.g. Foam or non-woven material exist. Instead of the air layers, these materials increase the damping of the resulting resonances, which leads to a broadening of the absorption curve in the area of the relevant resonance maxima.
  • the spacers 3a i.e. the intermediate layers made of porous absorber material such as e.g. Foam or non-woven material exist.
  • these materials increase the damping of the resulting resonances, which leads to a broadening of the absorption curve in the area of the relevant resonance maxima.
  • FIG. 3 shows a system composed of layers 2 (membranes) and intermediate layers 3a (air), which is delimited laterally by spacers 3b designed as supports, in particular supporting walls or webs.
  • spacers 3b which can advantageously be connected in one piece to the carrier layer 1, serve to fix the individual layers 2.
  • different layer sequences can thus be realized at different locations, as a result of which resonance chambers 4 of different sizes are created. This provides a further possibility of varying the absorption spectra.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the system according to FIG. 3, in which case the intermediate layers 3a consist of fleece or foam and fulfill similar tasks as in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a layer sequence of layers 2 (membrane) formed by thermoforming or (warm) pressing, etc., which are applied to the corresponding spacers 3b (webs). Due to the different degree of deformation, different layer spacings can be realized here. This results in resonance chambers 4 of different sizes, which, depending on the location and location, also guarantee a large possibility of variation for the absorption spectra.
  • FIG. 6 shows, analogously to the previous exemplary embodiments, a system according to FIG. 5, the corresponding intermediate layers 3a consisting of corresponding nonwovens, foams or foils which dampen the corresponding resonance maxima.
  • the absorber consists of a stack of absorber chambers 4, which are covered together by a largely flat cover membrane 5 or cover film.
  • Thin layers 2 are arranged between the absorber chambers 4 and can be connected to the cover membrane 5 and the carrier shell 1 at certain points.
  • This additional cover layer improves absorption due to its additional acoustic effectiveness. Instead, it may also be sufficient to build up only a single layer of absorber chambers 4 on the carrier layer 1 and to cover it with a cover film as a thin layer 2.
  • FIG. 8 shows a layer system composed of layers 2, which are fixed to the carrier layer 1 by lateral pressing or welding.
  • This embodiment is particularly recommended for a sequence of films, nonwovens, films, nonwovens (e.g. PES film, PET nonwoven ... or PP film, PP nonwoven ...) or film, foam, film, foam (e.g. PU film, PU foam, PU Film, PU foam) or also in the case of a sequence of nonwovens with different densities.
  • PU film, PU foam, PU Film, PU foam e.g. PU film, PU foam, PU Film, PU foam
  • only one type of material can be used.
  • the carrier shell 1 is trough-shaped; it exists e.g. from GMT and is prefabricated in the deep-drawing process. From the inside lb of the carrier shell 1, plate-shaped spacers 3b extend essentially perpendicular to the plane of the carrier shell 1 to the point at which they serve to support the film acting as a thin layer 2. The film is glued to the edge la of the carrier shell 1. The film is stretched tight. Resonance chambers 4 are formed between the carrier shell 1 and the film.
  • the film is e.g. made of polypropylene, while the spacers 3b are made of the same material as the carrier shell 1 and can also be produced in one piece with it, for example in the injection molding process.
  • the thin layer 2 is coated with a thin foam layer or fleece layer 10 and a thin cover film 11 or a thin cover fleece to improve absorption at high frequencies.
  • the carrier shell 1 is made, for example, of GMT and brought into the shell shape shown here in the pressing process.
  • spacers 3b in the form of foam strips made of polyurethane elastomer and / or polyester fleece are introduced on the inside 1b of the carrier shell. Their width is substantially smaller than their distance, so that the resonance chambers 4 form between the carrier shell 1 and the film or thin cover layer 2 stretched over the spacers 3b and the edge la of the carrier shell 1.
  • the carrier shell 1 is a deep-drawn trough-shaped component, for example made of GMT.
  • the tips 6 of the spacers 3b are attached to the inside 1b and are connected to one another in that they form a deep-drawn component made in particular of polypropylene.
  • the resonance chambers 4 on the side facing away from the carrier shell 1 are covered not only by the layer 2 but also by the webs 7 connecting the spacers 3b.
  • Helmholtz resonators can be produced by introducing openings 4b into the connecting webs 7.
  • the openings 4b are covered by the layer 2 and thus the resonance chambers 4 are protected against contamination, provided that the cover layer 2 and the spacers 3b are not made of the same material as polypropylene (PP), which promotes disposal, can be chosen of another material or by varying the material thickness of the mass coating can be adapted even better to the desired resonance frequency.
  • PP polypropylene
  • Further chambers 4a are formed within the spacers 3b, which are only covered by the fleece or a film on one side and can thus act as a layer resonator.
  • the sound absorber according to the invention thus forms a layer resonance absorber, in which the layer sequence is preferably constructed and dimensioned in such a way by series connection and possibly side-by-side connection that a maximum is produced in the absorption curve for each mass-spring pair.

Abstract

Pour l'absorption d'ondes acoustiques, il est proposé une pluralité de couches qui renferment au moins une couche mince et qui sont maintenues à distance entre elles par au moins une entretoise. Ces couches (1, 2) et l'entretoise (ou les entretoises) (3a, 3b) présentent des densités et/ou des rigidités différentes, les entretoises (3a, 3b) étant configurées et disposées de telle façon que plusieurs chambres de résonance (4) soient formées entre les couches (1, 2).
EP95931221A 1994-09-14 1995-08-29 Absorbeur phonique a plusieurs couches pour l'absorption d'ondes acoustiques Expired - Lifetime EP0781445B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9414943U DE9414943U1 (de) 1994-09-14 1994-09-14 Folienresonanzabsorber
DE9414943U 1994-09-14
PCT/EP1995/003401 WO1996008812A1 (fr) 1994-09-14 1995-08-29 Absorbeur phonique a plusieurs couches pour l'absorption d'ondes acoustiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0781445A1 true EP0781445A1 (fr) 1997-07-02
EP0781445B1 EP0781445B1 (fr) 1998-07-29

Family

ID=6913704

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95931221A Expired - Lifetime EP0781445B1 (fr) 1994-09-14 1995-08-29 Absorbeur phonique a plusieurs couches pour l'absorption d'ondes acoustiques

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6186270B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0781445B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3307648B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100285319B1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ288450B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE9414943U1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2119468T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL180618B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996008812A1 (fr)

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US6153286A (en) * 1996-08-27 2000-11-28 Faist Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg Sound absorbent component and process for manufacture of the same

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL180618B1 (pl) 2001-03-30
WO1996008812A1 (fr) 1996-03-21
JPH10506477A (ja) 1998-06-23
EP0781445B1 (fr) 1998-07-29
JP3307648B2 (ja) 2002-07-24
CZ288450B6 (en) 2001-06-13
CZ341796A3 (en) 1997-03-12
US6186270B1 (en) 2001-02-13
KR100285319B1 (ko) 2001-11-22
DE9414943U1 (de) 1996-01-18
ES2119468T3 (es) 1998-10-01
KR970703574A (ko) 1997-07-03
DE59503008D1 (de) 1998-09-03
PL316782A1 (en) 1997-02-17

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