EP0774529B1 - Silber-Eisen-Werkstoff für elektrische Schaltkontakte (I) - Google Patents
Silber-Eisen-Werkstoff für elektrische Schaltkontakte (I) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0774529B1 EP0774529B1 EP96117210A EP96117210A EP0774529B1 EP 0774529 B1 EP0774529 B1 EP 0774529B1 EP 96117210 A EP96117210 A EP 96117210A EP 96117210 A EP96117210 A EP 96117210A EP 0774529 B1 EP0774529 B1 EP 0774529B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- silver
- iron
- materials
- oxidic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- OVMJVEMNBCGDGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silver Chemical compound [Fe].[Ag] OVMJVEMNBCGDGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
- H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to silver-iron materials with others oxidic additives for electrical switch contacts.
- Contact materials for use in electrical Energy technology must have high erosion resistance, low Show welding force and low contact resistance.
- Nickel especially harmful in the form of dusts Can have an impact on the human organism.
- Iron is an alternative to nickel been proposed.
- DE-OS 38 16 895 uses a silver-iron material described for electrical contacts, the in addition to silver, 3 to 30% by weight of iron and a total of 0.05 to 5% by weight of one or more of the additives manganese, copper, Zinc, antimony, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide and Contains chromium nitride. These materials show a clearly better overtemperature behavior with a good service life compared to simple silver-iron materials, however still below the values of corresponding silver-nickel materials.
- contact materials are disclosed that next to Silver 5 to 50% by weight iron and up to 5% by weight one or several of the oxides titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, Tantalum oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, May contain copper oxide and zinc oxide.
- a contact material is known, in addition to Silver contains iron oxide, zirconium oxide and tungsten oxide.
- EP-PS 0 586 411 is a contact material made of silver with 1 to 50 wt.% iron and 0.01 to 5 wt.% rhenium described.
- Contact materials are known from JP-A-06 100 965 which contain silver, 0.1 to 15% by weight of iron and less than 10% by weight of Cd, Sn, Sb, Zn, In, Bi and / or Te.
- An internally oxidized alloy powder made of silver with 0.05 to 10% by weight of Cd, Sn, Sb, Zn, In, Bi and / or Te is mixed with iron powder and sintered.
- the Materials made from 0.5 to 4.5% by weight iron and 0.05 to 2% by weight of one or more of the oxidic additives
- the materials are 0.2 to 1.2% by weight magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, Lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, Cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide and Contain silicon oxide.
- the iron content is between 0.5 and 2.5% by weight.
- the silver-iron materials used so far with others Additives normally contained between 10 and 20% by weight Iron. But it has been shown that with the reduction an improvement in the iron content Overheating behavior goes hand in hand. But at the same time the welding behavior and the service life with decreasing Iron content worsened. Surprisingly, it did it has now been shown that by adding the oxides mentioned in Amounts between 0.05 to 2% by weight of the service life and Welding safety increases disproportionately, without the Overtemperature value deteriorates. It is for the overtemperature behavior is advantageous if the Iron content is below 4.5%.
- the materials are resistance weldable and connections with Copper base materials show high Connection strengths. Have proven particularly successful Materials whose iron content is less than 2.5% by weight and the The amount of oxidic additives is less than 1.2% by weight.
- the materials can be manufactured economically and are in all switching characteristics with the Silver-nickel tooling comparable, especially the Overtemperature shows values that also Achieve silver-nickel materials.
- the materials are manufactured using powder metallurgy by mixing the appropriate powder, cold isostatic Pressing, sintering and extrusion into wires or Profiles.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19543222A DE19543222C1 (de) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Silber-Eisen-Werkstoff für elektrische Schaltkontakte (I) |
| DE19543222 | 1995-11-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0774529A1 EP0774529A1 (de) | 1997-05-21 |
| EP0774529B1 true EP0774529B1 (de) | 2000-03-29 |
Family
ID=7777924
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96117210A Expired - Lifetime EP0774529B1 (de) | 1995-11-20 | 1996-10-26 | Silber-Eisen-Werkstoff für elektrische Schaltkontakte (I) |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5841044A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0774529B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH09171735A (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE19543222C1 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2146825T3 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW517095B (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2003-01-11 | Tanaka Precious Metal Ind Co L | Method for producing Ag-ZnO electric contact material and electric contact material produced thereby |
| WO2002044437A2 (en) | 2000-11-02 | 2002-06-06 | Composite Tool Company, Inc. | High strength alloys and methods for making same |
| US7766844B2 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2010-08-03 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Surgical instrument aspiration valve |
| US20060102228A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Ferro Corporation | Method of making solar cell contacts |
| US8093491B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2012-01-10 | Ferro Corporation | Lead free solar cell contacts |
| WO2008116478A1 (de) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schutzgasgemisch und verfahren zum schweissen |
| WO2009029738A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Ferro Corporation | Layered contact structure for solar cells |
| JP5342931B2 (ja) | 2009-06-05 | 2013-11-13 | マブチモーター株式会社 | 摺動接点材料及びクラッド複合材並びにモーター |
| CN101794636B (zh) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-10 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | 一种银氧化铁电接触材料的制备方法 |
| EP3978638A4 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-09-06 | OMRON Corporation | CONTACT MATERIAL AND CONTAINING AG ALLOY AS MAIN COMPONENT, CONTACT USING SAID CONTACT MATERIAL, AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE |
| CN110499435B (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-07-09 | 昆明贵金属研究所 | 一种银基电接触材料及其制备方法 |
| CN112760513B (zh) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 宁波东大神乐电工合金有限公司 | 一种银氧化锡电触头材料及其制备工艺 |
| JP7382382B2 (ja) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-11-16 | マブチモーター株式会社 | モーターブラシ用の摺動接点材料及びモーターブラシ並びに直流モーター |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1139281B (de) * | 1954-07-14 | 1962-11-08 | Degussa | Verbundwerkstoff fuer elektrische Kontakte |
| DE1539879B2 (de) * | 1966-11-19 | 1971-03-11 | Fa Dr Eugen Durrwachter Doduco, 7530 Pforzheim | Durch kaltpress schweissen von drahtstueckken hergestellter bimetallkontaktniet |
| US3930849A (en) * | 1973-05-24 | 1976-01-06 | P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. | Electrical contact material of the ag-cdo type and method of making same |
| US3951872A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1976-04-20 | P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. | Electrical contact material |
| DE2659012C3 (de) * | 1976-12-27 | 1980-01-24 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sinterkontaktwerkstoffes aus Silber und eingelagerten Metalloxiden |
| MX149630A (es) * | 1977-06-20 | 1983-12-06 | Chugai Electric Ind Co Ltd | Mejoras en metodo para fabricar un contacto electrico |
| US4279649A (en) * | 1978-06-16 | 1981-07-21 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation | Electrical contact material |
| US4256489A (en) * | 1979-01-10 | 1981-03-17 | The Boeing Company | Low wear high current density sliding electrical contact material |
| YU46258B (sh) * | 1987-06-06 | 1993-05-28 | Degussa Ag. | Primena srebrno gvozdenog materijala za električne kontakte |
| DE3816895A1 (de) * | 1987-06-06 | 1988-12-22 | Degussa | Verwendung eines silber-eisen-werkstoffs fuer elektrische kontakte |
| DE3911904A1 (de) * | 1988-04-16 | 1989-12-14 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | Pulvermetallurgisches verfahren zum herstellen eines halbzeugs fuer elektrische kontakte aus einem verbundwerkstoff auf silberbasis mit eisen |
| WO1989010417A1 (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1989-11-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Sintered contact material based on silver for use in power engineering switchgear, in particular for contact pieces in low-voltage switches |
| US4954170A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1990-09-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Methods of making high performance compacts and products |
| DE4117312A1 (de) * | 1991-05-27 | 1992-12-03 | Siemens Ag | Kontaktwerkstoff auf silberbasis zur verwendung in schaltgeraeten der energietechnik sowie verfahren zur herstellung von kontaktstuecken aus diesem werkstoff |
| JPH06100965A (ja) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-04-12 | Tokuriki Honten Co Ltd | 電気接点材料 |
| JPH06100963A (ja) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-04-12 | Tokuriki Honten Co Ltd | 電気接点材料 |
| DE4343550A1 (de) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-06-22 | Siemens Ag | Kontaktwerkstoff auf Silberbasis zur Verwendung in Schaltgeräten der Energietechnik |
-
1995
- 1995-11-20 DE DE19543222A patent/DE19543222C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-26 EP EP96117210A patent/EP0774529B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-26 DE DE59604827T patent/DE59604827D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-26 ES ES96117210T patent/ES2146825T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-15 JP JP8305211A patent/JPH09171735A/ja active Pending
- 1996-11-19 US US08/751,935 patent/US5841044A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5841044A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
| ES2146825T3 (es) | 2000-08-16 |
| JPH09171735A (ja) | 1997-06-30 |
| DE19543222C1 (de) | 1997-02-20 |
| EP0774529A1 (de) | 1997-05-21 |
| DE59604827D1 (de) | 2000-05-04 |
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