EP0755891B1 - Vorrichtung zum elektromagnetischen Bremsen und Kuppeln einer Spule - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum elektromagnetischen Bremsen und Kuppeln einer Spule Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0755891B1 EP0755891B1 EP96110642A EP96110642A EP0755891B1 EP 0755891 B1 EP0755891 B1 EP 0755891B1 EP 96110642 A EP96110642 A EP 96110642A EP 96110642 A EP96110642 A EP 96110642A EP 0755891 B1 EP0755891 B1 EP 0755891B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- accordance
- hollow shaft
- magnet coil
- supply spool
- friction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
- B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
- B65H75/18—Constructional details
- B65H75/30—Arrangements to facilitate driving or braking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H59/00—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators
- B65H59/02—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating delivery of material from supply package
- B65H59/04—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating delivery of material from supply package by devices acting on package or support
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
- D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
- D07B7/06—Bearing supports or brakes for supply bobbins or reels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for electromagnetic brakes and clutch at least one mounted on a hollow shaft rotatable about its longitudinal axis Supply spool, from which strand-like material can be unwound and on the strand-shaped material when connecting the Supply spool can be wound up with the drivable hollow shaft is.
- Such a device for braking is described in EP 0 337 052 A1 and coupling on a hollow shaft about its longitudinal axis described freely rotatable coils, of which strand-like material such as tapes, wires, threads and the like can be developed and the non-positive Connection with the drivable hollow shaft again a corresponding strand-like material can be wound.
- the force effect of an electromagnetic Field for the generation of the braking torque or for the Torque transmission exploited.
- the hollow shaft is an annular one, consisting of an excitation winding and a magnet yoke existing electromagnet arranged, which surrounds the hollow shaft and with this is firmly connected.
- the known device enables Textile machines, stranding or rope machines etc.
- the Coils of which strand-like material such as tapes, wires or threads run, so that the end Well under a constant or at least almost constant tension is available to avoid hitting or tearing the strand-like To prevent good things.
- the braking torque of the electromagnet is over Size of the excitation current adjustable.
- the drive speed is as high as possible in practice Hollow shaft set. It is for reasons of vibration and strength favorable if the hollow shaft has the largest possible outer diameter.
- the roping of large external dimensions elongated goods a hollow shaft with a large inner diameter and a correspondingly large outside diameter is required. Since with the known The device of the ring-shaped electromagnet enclosing the hollow shaft must be a Electromagnet with a correspondingly large diameter is used become. However, this can lead to difficulties because of such large Electromagnets are hardly available and moreover a high one Cause expense.
- DE 15 74 354 A1 relates to a device for holding and driving one a spindle-mounted spool or drum. There is a frame on each spindle attached, the several evenly distributed chambers for receiving each has a permanent magnet. The permanent magnets adhere to the Sidewall of the spool or drum and are designed to ensure that the spool or Drum is rotated together with the spindle.
- EP 0 337 052 A1 Invention based on the problem of a well controllable device for electromagnetic brakes and clutch at least one on a hollow shaft specify their longitudinal axis rotatably mounted supply spool, which is also large Outside diameters of the hollow shaft in a simple manner and inexpensively is producible.
- the advantages that can be achieved by the invention are in particular that the device according to the invention even when using a large Outside diameter hollow shaft in a simple manner and is inexpensive to manufacture, without the need for oversized ring-shaped electromagnets must be used.
- the supply spools at device according to the invention can be dismantled in a simple manner.
- each magnetic coil surrounds it at least partially Friction bell is assigned, the one facing the supply spool to be braked Has friction surface and is replaceable.
- the at least one magnetic coil is arranged pivotably relative to the carrier part.
- the solenoid on its circumference from an annular jacket from a Sliding material is surrounded and a central opening of the annular magnetic coil at its end facing the braking surface of the supply spool through a disk is closed from a sliding material.
- FIG. 1 a cabling or roping device in the stranding head and supply spools combined in one unit and available in duplicate are
- Fig. 2 a first embodiment Device according to the invention for electromagnetic Braking and clutching a rotatably mounted Supply spool
- Fig. 3 shows a section along the axis III-III in Fig. 2
- Fig. 4 shows a section of a second Embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- Ver or Rope device 1 for roping or roping Ribbons, wires, threads and the like are two tubular stranding body 3 is provided.
- everyone who Stranded body 3 encloses a drivable hollow shaft 5, on each of which a plurality of supply spools 7 can be rotated is stored. But it can also only on each hollow shaft 5 a single supply spool may be provided.
- the both from a hollow shaft 5, the one on it arranged supply spools 7 and the surrounding Stranding body 3 are combined stranding units 8 for example by means of two cross members 10 and 12 in their position to each other and are determined by a Stand 9 held together.
- the drive takes place through a drive unit 11.
- one of the tubular stranding body 3 about its longitudinal axis 25 be on the stranding body or in the stranding body guided stranded goods 13, for example individual wires, withdrawn from the supply spools 7 and after redirection by a z. B. on the hollow shaft 5 attached guide disc 15 a stranding point 17th fed.
- the strand-shaped goods 13 are not stranded together, but for example on one Cable core roped, then the cable core is through the Hollow shaft 5 passed through to the stranding point 17.
- the two identically constructed stranding units 8 are in a plane next to each other and parallel arranged to each other. You can use a suitable exchange device pivoted against each other become. After emptying the supply spools 7 one stranding unit 8 this empty stranding unit the operating position swung out and at the same time the other, filled supply spools 7 Stranding unit 8 brought into the operating position.
- a charging station 21 shown as an example, in for example in a suitable magazine strand-like goods 13, e.g. B. wires, different Dimensions available and according to a program by means of a schematically indicated laying device 23 are filled into the empty supply spools 7. Of the Charging can be done automatically as well pivoting the stranding units 8 into each Charging or operating position.
- the two stranding units 8 are with the invention Devices for electromagnetic braking and clutching of rotatable on a hollow shaft 5 about its longitudinal axis 25 stored supply spools 7 for receiving strand-shaped material, as exemplified in 2 to 4 are shown.
- the invention Devices 24 are used when the strand-like goods from the supply spool 7 Braking the supply reel in order to use a constant or at least almost constant tension to act upon the hitting or tearing of the strand-like goods prevented when draining.
- the device 24 serves to fill the Supply spool 7 with a strand-like good one positive connection between the during the Loading process driven hollow shaft 5 and at least to produce a supply spool 7.
- a Stranding unit 8 shown device 24 is a assigned supply spool, for example by means of two Ball bearings 27 and 29 rotatable on the hollow shaft 5 stored.
- On one side next to the supply spool 7 is an approximately star-shaped carrier part 31 on the hollow shaft 5 arranged.
- the carrier part 31 is, for example, with its central through bore 32 on the hollow shaft 5 pushed on and with the hollow shaft 5 z. B. by a Press connection or a feather key connection firmly connected.
- the distance in the axial direction between the Carrier part 31 and the supply spool 7 is for example by a between the support member 31 and the ball bearing 29 arranged spacer ring 33 fixed.
- the carrier part For example, 31 has four evenly around the circumference distributed webs pointing outwards in the radial direction 35, at the outer end of each an annular Receiving part 37 is provided. Any of these Receiving parts 37 has a parallel to the longitudinal axis 25 of the supply spool 7 extending through hole 39, in each of which a bolt 41 in its longitudinal direction is guided.
- Each of the bolts 41 has a coil flange on it 43 of the supply coil 7 to be braked or coupled facing end of an annular magnet coil 45 and a magnet yoke 47 existing electromagnet 49 attached.
- Each of the solenoids 45 has this Coil flange 43 facing the supply coil 7 annular friction surface 51.
- the illustrated embodiment is a central one Opening 53 of each annular magnet coil 45 at its the Coil flange 43 facing side with a washer 54 from a sliding material such. B. brass closed. On its circumference, the magnet coil 45 z. B. from one annular jacket 55 made of a sliding material, for example made of brass.
- the magnet coils 45 of the electromagnets 49 can be individually excited and electrically their excitation current is infinitely adjustable. In this way, for example Rope around an elongated good 13 the supply reel 7 with a defined one Braking torque are braked so as to run out of the supply spool 7 to apply strand-like material 13 with a tensile stress, which is a beating or tearing of the strand-like material 13 prevented. In contrast, the Winding the supply coil 7 with a strand-like material 13 all magnetic coils 45 fully excited electrically, so that the electromagnets 49 with their friction surfaces 51st without slipping on the braking surface 59 of the respective supply spool 7 and form a positive connection.
- the star-shaped Carrier part 31 has further webs 35 and receiving parts 37, in which bolts 41 are guided, which point towards holding in the opposite direction Serve electromagnets.
- Receiving parts 37 only two electromagnets 49 each for braking and Coupling a supply coil 7 may be provided.
- the second of the invention shown in detail in FIG. 4 Embodiment differs essentially just by building the Electromagnets 49 with their friction surfaces 51 from that in the 2 and 3 illustrated first embodiment.
- an annular friction bell 61 is provided, which with an outer cylinder section 63, the solenoid 45 encloses.
- At the end of the magnet yoke 47 facing away outer cylinder section 63 extends annular radial portion 65 of the friction bell 61 in radial direction inwards.
- An inner one Cylinder section 67 of the friction bell 61 protrudes into the central opening 53 of the annular magnet coil 45, extends from the radial section 65 in axial direction, for example, up to the magnetic yoke 47 and lies against the inner wall of the magnetic coil 45.
- the magnet coil 45 is thus on three sides of the Friction bell 61 enclosed.
- a central, continuous bore 69 of the friction bell 61 is on the braking surface 59 of the supply coil 7 facing end of a disc 54 from a Sliding material such. B. brass closed. At this One end is on the end face 71 of the friction bell 61 annular groove 73 formed in which the friction surface 51 forming friction ring 75 made of a suitable material is arranged.
- the annular friction bell 61 is interchangeable, so that when falling below one before specified degree of wear of the friction surface 51st forming friction ring 75 this on simple and cost-effective way and quick through exchange the friction bell can be replaced. Is on its scope the friction bell 61 from an annular shell 55 a sliding material such as B. brass surrounding itself with an annular shoulder 77, for example on the End face 71 of the friction bell 61 in the radial direction stretches inside.
Landscapes
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Unwinding Of Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
Description
Claims (10)
- Vorrichtung zum elektromagnetischen Bremsen und Kuppeln zumindest einer auf einer Hohlwelle (5) um ihre Längsachse (25) drehbar gelagerten Vorratsspule (7), von der strangförmiges Gut abwickelbar und auf die strangförmiges Gut bei Verbindung der Vorratsspule (7) mit der antreibbaren Hohlwelle (5) aufwickelbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Hohlwelle (5) ein etwa sternförmiges Trägerteil (31) mit einer Mehrzahl von in radialer Richtung nach außen ragenden, über den Umfang verteilten Halteeinrichtungen (37) angeordnet und mit der Hohlwelle (5) fest verbunden ist, daß zumindest eine elektrisch erregbare Magnetspule (45) mittels einer Halteeinrichtung (37) in radialer Richtung mit Abstand zur Hohlwelle (5) an dem Trägerteil (31) gehalten ist und daß jede Magnetspule (45) individuell elektrisch erregbar ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vier Magnetspulen (45) vorgesehen sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magnetspulen (45) über den Umfang der Vorratsspule (7) gleichmäßig verteilt an dem Trägerteil (31) gehalten sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der der zumindest einen Magnetspule (45) zugewandten Seite der Vorratsspule (7) eine Bremsfläche (59) vorgesehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Magnetspule (45) der abzubremsenden Vorratsspule (7) zugewandt eine Reibfläche (51) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Magnetspule (45) eine diese zumindest teilweise umgebende Reibglocke (61) zugeordnet ist, die der abzubremsenden Vorratsspule (7) zugewandt eine Reibfläche (51) aufweist und auswechselbar ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Erregerstrom der zumindest einen Magnetspule (45) stufenlos einstellbar ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zumindest eine Magnetspule (45) gegenüber dem Trägerteil (31) schwenkbar angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zumindest eine Magnetspule (45) an ihrem Umfang von einem ringförmigen Mantel (55) aus einem Gleitmaterial umgeben ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine zentrale Öffnung (53) der ringförmigen Magnetspule (45) an ihrem der Bremsfläche (59) der Vorratsspule (7) zugewandten Ende durch eine Scheibe (54) aus einem Gleitmaterial verschlossen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19526913A DE19526913A1 (de) | 1995-07-24 | 1995-07-24 | Vorrichtung zum elektromagnetischen Bremsen und Kuppeln einer Spule |
DE19526913 | 1995-07-24 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0755891A2 EP0755891A2 (de) | 1997-01-29 |
EP0755891A3 EP0755891A3 (de) | 1997-12-17 |
EP0755891B1 true EP0755891B1 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
Family
ID=7767598
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96110642A Expired - Lifetime EP0755891B1 (de) | 1995-07-24 | 1996-07-02 | Vorrichtung zum elektromagnetischen Bremsen und Kuppeln einer Spule |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5709347A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0755891B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09110296A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2181779A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19526913A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2115614C1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5967445A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1999-10-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yuyama Seisakusho | Method of adjusting tension applied to sheet, and device for the same |
US6257512B1 (en) | 1998-12-16 | 2001-07-10 | Fil-Tec, Inc. | Magnetized pre-wound sideless bobbins |
US7017849B2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2006-03-28 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Electromagnetic brake in a slitter |
US7400814B1 (en) | 2007-01-13 | 2008-07-15 | Furukawa Electric North America, Inc. | Wall-mountable optical fiber and cable management apparatus |
US7715679B2 (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2010-05-11 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic enclosure with external cable spool |
US7756379B2 (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2010-07-13 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic enclosure with internal cable spool |
US7869682B2 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2011-01-11 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic enclosure with tear-away spool |
US8265447B2 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2012-09-11 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Modular fiber optic enclosure with external cable spool |
KR101820175B1 (ko) | 2009-07-21 | 2018-01-18 | 콤스코프 커넥티비티 엘엘씨 | 급속 범용 랙 마운트 인클로저 |
US8837940B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2014-09-16 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Methods and systems for distributing fiber optic telecommunication services to local areas and for supporting distributed antenna systems |
EP2583128B1 (de) | 2010-06-18 | 2020-08-05 | ADC Telecommunications (Shanghai) Distribution Co., Ltd. | Faseroptische verteilerklemme |
EP3435496A1 (de) | 2010-06-23 | 2019-01-30 | ADC Telecommunications, INC. | Telekommunikationsanordnung |
AU2012272693B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2015-11-05 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Fiber termination enclosure with modular plate assemblies |
US10266361B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2019-04-23 | Pregis Intellipack Llc | Spindle mechanism for protective packaging device |
US9188760B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-11-17 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Mini rapid delivery spool |
CN105324696B (zh) | 2012-12-19 | 2019-05-17 | 泰科电子瑞侃有限公司 | 具有逐渐增加的分路器的分配装置 |
CN104671009A (zh) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-03 | 海洋王(东莞)照明科技有限公司 | 绕线盘及其电磁阻尼结构 |
BR112016014335B1 (pt) * | 2014-01-13 | 2021-09-28 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Dispositivo para fixação de carretel com conjuntos de magnetos biestáveis |
DE102016109155B3 (de) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-08-03 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Verdrillanlage, Tandem-Verdrillanlage und Verfahren zum Bestücken eines Verdrillkopfs |
TWI635036B (zh) * | 2017-03-20 | 2018-09-11 | 國立臺灣師範大學 | 非接觸式陣列線張力控制裝置 |
CN108657884A (zh) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-10-16 | 利辛县力信电力照明科技有限公司 | 一种滚动式线缆卷筒 |
CN110642091B (zh) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-07-13 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | 恒定小张力路径直放放线装置及其方法 |
CN110950174A (zh) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-04-03 | 泉州市天云创技术服务有限公司 | 一种摩擦式电缆线张力调整装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE945322C (de) * | 1951-09-18 | 1956-07-05 | Willy Aumann | Vorrichtung zum Kuppeln von Spulen mit der ununterbrochen umlaufenden Spulenwelle |
US2746691A (en) * | 1951-12-13 | 1956-05-22 | Thomas C Hoad | Film take-up |
DE1248411B (de) * | 1965-10-06 | 1967-08-24 | Telefunken Patent | Vorrichtung zum Abspulen feiner Draehte |
US3396919A (en) * | 1966-03-01 | 1968-08-13 | Gen Cable Corp | Magnetic bobbin holding device |
DE3009275C2 (de) * | 1980-03-11 | 1983-01-27 | Schubert & Salzer Maschinenfabrik Ag, 8070 Ingolstadt | Vorrichtung zum Anheben einer auf eine Spindel einer Textilmaschine, insbesondere einer Umwindespinnmaschine, aufgesteckten Spule |
US4343441A (en) * | 1980-12-24 | 1982-08-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Magnetic tape reel clamp with extended center pole |
DE3811876A1 (de) * | 1988-04-09 | 1989-10-19 | Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur bremsung von spulen |
SU1632910A1 (ru) * | 1989-03-06 | 1991-03-07 | Ленинградский институт текстильной и легкой промышленности им.С.М.Кирова | Устройство дл намотки нитевидного материала |
-
1995
- 1995-07-24 DE DE19526913A patent/DE19526913A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-07-02 DE DE59603051T patent/DE59603051D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-02 EP EP96110642A patent/EP0755891B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-22 CA CA002181779A patent/CA2181779A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-23 JP JP8193503A patent/JPH09110296A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-23 US US08/687,081 patent/US5709347A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-23 RU RU96115469A patent/RU2115614C1/ru active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0755891A3 (de) | 1997-12-17 |
DE19526913A1 (de) | 1997-01-30 |
CA2181779A1 (en) | 1997-01-25 |
DE59603051D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
JPH09110296A (ja) | 1997-04-28 |
EP0755891A2 (de) | 1997-01-29 |
US5709347A (en) | 1998-01-20 |
RU2115614C1 (ru) | 1998-07-20 |
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