EP0750564A1 - Quaderförmige flachgiebelverbundpackung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung - Google Patents
Quaderförmige flachgiebelverbundpackung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP0750564A1 EP0750564A1 EP95912253A EP95912253A EP0750564A1 EP 0750564 A1 EP0750564 A1 EP 0750564A1 EP 95912253 A EP95912253 A EP 95912253A EP 95912253 A EP95912253 A EP 95912253A EP 0750564 A1 EP0750564 A1 EP 0750564A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- opening area
- package
- composite
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012371 Aseptic Filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011091 composite packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
- B65D5/72—Contents-dispensing means
- B65D5/74—Spouts
- B65D5/746—Spouts formed separately from the container
- B65D5/747—Spouts formed separately from the container with means for piercing or cutting the container wall or a membrane connected to said wall
- B65D5/749—Spouts formed separately from the container with means for piercing or cutting the container wall or a membrane connected to said wall a major part of the container wall or membrane being removed from the container after the opening
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cuboid flat gable composite package, in particular ear package with central or corner seam, the composite having at least one carrier layer made of paper or cardboard, an adhesion promoter layer, an oxygen barrier layer, preferably made of aluminum, and a plastic coating on both sides made of polyethylene (PE), with a opening area provided in the packing gable, which forms a pouring hole after severing, with a pouring element having a reclosable, hinged closure lid, the flange surrounding the opening area being firmly connected to the packaging surface and the closure lid having a tube corresponding to the contour of the opening area, and a method for producing the same such a flat gable bundle.
- PE polyethylene
- Rectangular flat gable composite packages are known in many copies. They are mainly used in the field of liquid packaging in connection with cold, cold, sterile, hot and aseptic filling. As a rule, these packages cannot be closed again after opening them once.
- the flat gable composite package described above is in need of improvement in several points. It is clear that for the purposes of storage and transportation it must be ensured that the tube connected to the sealing cap must not penetrate the material prematurely, ie before the pack is used for the first time.
- a tab is provided which fixes the closure cover and the flange of the pouring element which surrounds the dividing line at a predetermined distance. It is only after removing this tab that it is possible to push the opening tube into the composite packaging material by pressing in the sealing cover. This in turn means that a certain minimum height of the known pouring element is mandatory. However, this is disadvantageous because of the stackability required for flat gable composite packs.
- the present invention is based on the object of a cuboid flat gable composite package of the type described in the introduction and a method for the same Manufacture to develop and develop so that the
- Total height of the pouring element used is reduced and a perfect pouring is reliably guaranteed.
- the solution to the problem is that in the area of the opening area the carrier layer is left out and that an opening aid for pulling out the composite piece located in the area of the opening area is applied to the packing gable inside the sealed opening area.
- both the flange of the pouring element surrounding the opening surface and the opening aid provided in the interior of the opening surface are sealed.
- the pouring element and opening aid consist of a correspondingly sealable material, such as polypropylene.
- the opening aid consists of tear-resistant, sealable and ultrasonically weldable material and is welded to the layer composite in the interior of the opening surface. It is particularly useful if the
- Ultrasonic welding seam is essentially adapted to the contour of the opening of the pouring element. In this way, after removing such an opening aid, the composite piece located inside the opening is completely removed. It is clear that the opening aid should not protrude over the area of the opening of the pouring element, so that the later application of the pouring element on the surface of the package is not impaired.
- the geometry of the opening aid is selected so that the package is initially torn open at a single point of cracking. This can be done, for example, in that the circumferential sealing or ultrasonic weld seam has a discontinuity shaped as a tip or the like, from which the tearing process begins.
- the opening area is produced by means of laser beams. Due to the good controllability of this technology and the absolutely clean cutting edge, laser production is the preferred method. Nevertheless, in an alternative embodiment of the invention it is also possible for the opening area to be produced by stamping.
- the opening aid has a base plate and a handle provided on the base plate for lifting the base plate. It is particularly advantageous that the base plate is made of flexible material and that an annular tab is provided as a handle. In this way, the packing composite material present in the area of the opening area below the base plate can be removed by simply pulling it out together with the base plate and ring tab.
- the overall height of the pouring element can be significantly reduced compared to the prior art, since a circumferential and a predetermined distance between the closure lid and the flange of the pouring element is no longer necessary. Furthermore, it is reliably excluded that the problems described above can occur during the pouring process, since the part of the “residual composite” which forms the opening surface never reaches the inside of the pack from the pouring opening, but is removed to the outside before the first use. For easier opening, at least the upper PE layer is severed along the circumferential edge of the opening area.
- Fig. 2 shows a section of the invention
- 3B shows the area of the pouring opening of the
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the flat gable package according to the invention with the pouring element opened
- Fig. 5 shows a section of the invention
- Fig. 6 shows the section of FIG. 5 with the open
- FIG. 7 shows the detail according to FIG. 5 with the pouring element open and the pouring hole fully open.
- FIG. 1 shows a block-shaped flat gable composite package 1 according to the invention in its entirety in a perspective view.
- this is an ear pack with Center or corner seam.
- a pouring element 2 which is firmly connected to the flat gable composite package 1, can also be seen, with a flange 3, which is firmly connected to the packaging surface 1A and which has a closure cover 4.
- Under the pouring element is an opening area 5 which cannot be seen in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 shows a section of an edge K of the opening area 5.
- the edge K of the opening area 5 shows that it is produced by means of laser beam cutting.
- the individual layers of FIGS. 2, 3A and 3B are not designated in more detail, but are reproduced below from top to bottom (outside to inside): PE layer, paper or cardboard layer, adhesion promoter layer, oxygen barrier layer, PE layer.
- an opening aid 6 is now applied to the packing gable inside the opening surface 5, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 4.
- the opening aid 6 has a base plate 7 and a handle 8 provided on the base plate 7 for lifting the base plate 7.
- the handle 8 is designed as a ring plate.
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a pouring element according to the invention in the closed state.
- the closure cover 4 is articulated on the vertical part of the flange 3 surrounding the dividing line.
- the closure cover 4 has a tube 9 corresponding to the shape of the opening surface 5, as can also be seen in FIGS. 4, 6 and 7.
- Fig. 3b can also be seen that an opening aid, not shown, can be arranged within the opening surface 5, which consists of tear-resistant, sealable and ultrasonically weldable material and is ultrasonically welded to the outer PE layer of the pack. Such an ultrasonic weld seam is indicated by a dash-dot line.
- the circumferential ultrasound weld seam has a discontinuity, namely a tip S serving as a tearing point, which reaches up to the edge of the opening surface 5.
- a tip S serving as a tearing point
- the opening area 5 is first torn open in the region of the tip S. From there, there is a tearing on both sides along the opening contour, in particular if - as indicated in FIGS. 3b and 2 - the upper PE layer has been separated along the opening contour by means of a laser beam L.
- the opening aid 6 can consist of a piece of film, the external dimensions of which do not protrude beyond the contour of the opening surface, in order not to impair the later application of the pouring element 2.
- the closure cover 4 is raised and thus brought into the position of FIGS. 6 and 7. Subsequently, the opening aid 6 is raised by tearing the lower layers by means of the handle 8 fastened to the base plate 7 together with the composite remnant formed by the opening surface 5 until a completely exposed pouring hole 10 is produced, as shown in FIG. 7.
- the tube 9 can be anchored in the interior of the circumferential flange 3 by closing the closure cap 4 again.
- a projection 11 is provided at the tip of the closure lid 4, which protrusion forms the pouring spout 12 formed by the pouring element 2 at least on the side opposite to the articulation, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 5.
- the outer PE layer in the region of the edges of the opening area is destroyed, for example by laser radiation.
- the opening area 5 still has four layers, but the circumferential dividing line only consists of an oxygen barrier layer and an inner PE layer.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4409946 | 1994-03-23 | ||
DE4409946A DE4409946A1 (de) | 1994-03-23 | 1994-03-23 | Quaderförmige Flachgiebelverbundpackung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
PCT/EP1995/001021 WO1995025669A1 (de) | 1994-03-23 | 1995-03-18 | Quaderförmige flachgiebelverbundpackung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0750564A1 true EP0750564A1 (de) | 1997-01-02 |
EP0750564B1 EP0750564B1 (de) | 1997-12-03 |
Family
ID=6513568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95912253A Expired - Lifetime EP0750564B1 (de) | 1994-03-23 | 1995-03-18 | Quaderförmige flachgiebelverbundpackung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5875958A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0750564B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1058239C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE160747T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2186233A1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ287730B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4409946A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2109817T3 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1016413A1 (de) |
HU (1) | HU217461B (de) |
PL (1) | PL178532B1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW290513B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995025669A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1162150A1 (de) * | 1999-02-17 | 2001-12-12 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Sa | Verpackung und verfahren zur seiner herstellung |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES1032670Y (es) * | 1995-12-04 | 1996-11-01 | Aux Metalgrafica Aragones Sa | Tapon vertedor |
IT1283599B1 (it) * | 1996-04-16 | 1998-04-22 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Disposizione di apertura per contenitori di confezionamento |
DE19635089A1 (de) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Pkl Verpackungssysteme Gmbh | Element zum Öffnen, Ausgießen und Wiederverschließen von Getränkepackungen |
DE19637865C2 (de) * | 1996-09-17 | 1999-02-18 | Pkl Verpackungssysteme Gmbh | Ausgießelement für Getränkepackungen und damit versehene Getränkepackung |
US5829672A (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 1998-11-03 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance, Sa | Cut-out integrated closure and forming method therefor |
FR2763884B1 (fr) * | 1997-05-30 | 1999-08-06 | Jean Jacques Marin | Procede de realisation d'une languette arrachable integree a un materiau et destinee a former l'ouverture de versage d'un emballage de produits liquides ou pulverulents |
DE19807474A1 (de) | 1998-02-24 | 1999-08-26 | Sig Combibloc Gmbh | Wiederverschließbares Ausgießelement und damit versehenen Getränkepackung |
DE19811528C2 (de) * | 1998-03-17 | 2003-12-18 | Sig Combibloc Gmbh | Wiederverschließbares Ausgießelement für Getränkepackungen und damit versehene Getränkepackungen |
DE19837527C2 (de) * | 1998-08-19 | 2002-01-24 | Sig Combibloc Gmbh | Wiederverschließbare quaderförmige Flachgiebelverbundpackung |
DE19904837C1 (de) * | 1999-02-08 | 2000-04-13 | Cct Creative Closure Technolog | Kunststoffverschluß mit integrierter Ausgießhilfe |
USD430031S (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-08-29 | J.L. Clark, Inc. | One-piece closure with anti-finger intrusion lift-tab |
SE9901024L (sv) * | 1999-03-22 | 2000-09-23 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Öppningsanordningar för förpackningsbehållare |
DE19915150A1 (de) | 1999-03-26 | 2000-10-12 | Sig Combibloc Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundpackung und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Verbundpackung |
DE60034928T2 (de) * | 2000-01-31 | 2008-01-24 | Friesland Brands B.V. | Behälter mit einer ablagerungsverhindernden Ausgiesstülle |
CA2424618A1 (en) * | 2000-10-03 | 2002-04-25 | Weasy Pack International Ltd. | Flexible closure for a container |
DE10056399A1 (de) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-23 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Öffnungsvorrichtung für Verpackungsbehälter |
AU2002347585A1 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-17 | Gabriel Cabelli | Hand held fluent dispensing containers |
ATE337973T1 (de) * | 2003-03-26 | 2006-09-15 | Sig Technology Ltd | Flacher, niedriger ausgiesser-verschluss mit laminat- oder folienwegreisser für verbundpackungen oder mit einer dichtfolie verschlossene behälteröffnungen |
US20050205618A1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-09-22 | International Paper Company | Container fitment having ellipsoidal opening |
NL1026794C2 (nl) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-07 | Weasy Pack Internat Ltd | Schenkverpakking en schenkorgaan. |
US20060186147A1 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-08-24 | Nossbaum Frits D | Container for liquid substances and lid therefor |
US8113374B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2012-02-14 | Tropicana Products, Inc. | Closure for container having removable portion and sealing membrane |
US8678215B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2014-03-25 | Tropicana Products, Inc. | Container having improved pouring characteristics |
GB2457273A (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-12 | Mohammed Pervaz | Paper board stay fresh box with aluminium lining |
US20110017625A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-01-27 | Simplicity Products International, Inc. | Cubic eco-package for liquid products with finger engageable pull |
USD653548S1 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2012-02-07 | Jeffrey Wycoff | Plastic container with handle |
DK3140115T3 (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2019-03-11 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | PACKAGING MATERIAL LAMINATE STRUCTURE |
BR112022005490A2 (pt) * | 2019-12-10 | 2022-06-14 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Material de acondicionamento, e, recipiente de acondicionamento |
AU2023261998A1 (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2024-10-10 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Packaging blank and package |
CN117302710A (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-12-29 | 康美包(苏州)有限公司 | 片状复合层和包装用片材 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3282477A (en) * | 1961-01-19 | 1966-11-01 | Continental Can Co | Plastic dispensing nozzle with removable seal and captive cap |
US3239112A (en) * | 1964-05-21 | 1966-03-08 | Polymold Plastics Inc | Dispensing closure with removable diaphragm |
US3434620A (en) * | 1966-03-10 | 1969-03-25 | American Flange & Mfg | Frangible plastic closure |
US4582216A (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1986-04-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Easy open-reclosable container with pouring lip/drain surface |
CA1284624C (en) * | 1986-08-09 | 1991-06-04 | Yoshihiko Kawakami | Cover for a can-shaped container |
US4724978A (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 1988-02-16 | Acorn Technology Inc. | Plastic container with integral tamper-evident, reclosable lid |
SE468805B (sv) * | 1987-05-11 | 1993-03-22 | Profor Ab | Oeppningsanordning foer foerpackningsbehaallare |
JPH0547061Y2 (de) * | 1987-09-24 | 1993-12-10 | ||
DE3808303A1 (de) * | 1988-03-12 | 1989-09-21 | Pkl Verpackungssysteme Gmbh | Quaderfoermige flachgiebelpackung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
US4901892A (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1990-02-20 | Magenta Corporation | Tamper evident container closure |
US4863047A (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1989-09-05 | Crow Chet H | Container with seal and cap |
JP2719705B2 (ja) * | 1988-11-07 | 1998-02-25 | 日本テトラパック株式会社 | 注出口を穿設した包装用ウエブにストリップテープを貼着する方法及び装置 |
SE500540C2 (sv) * | 1988-11-09 | 1994-07-11 | Roby Teknik Ab | Öppningsanordning vid en förpackningsbehållare |
US4915290A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1990-04-10 | Combibloc, Inc. | Package closure |
US5133486A (en) * | 1991-01-18 | 1992-07-28 | Phoenix Closures, Inc. | Tamper evident pull ring pour spout |
DK0577866T3 (da) * | 1992-07-06 | 1996-05-20 | Procter & Gamble | Element til aseptiske væskeemballeringsbeholdere med genlukkelig åbning |
-
1994
- 1994-03-23 DE DE4409946A patent/DE4409946A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-03-18 CZ CZ19962763A patent/CZ287730B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-18 DE DE59501077T patent/DE59501077D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-18 PL PL95317188A patent/PL178532B1/pl unknown
- 1995-03-18 ES ES95912253T patent/ES2109817T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-18 WO PCT/EP1995/001021 patent/WO1995025669A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-18 HU HU9602585A patent/HU217461B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-18 US US08/716,228 patent/US5875958A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-18 AT AT95912253T patent/ATE160747T1/de active
- 1995-03-18 CA CA002186233A patent/CA2186233A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-03-18 CN CN95192774A patent/CN1058239C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-18 EP EP95912253A patent/EP0750564B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-06 TW TW084104568A patent/TW290513B/zh active
-
1998
- 1998-11-30 HK HK98112459A patent/HK1016413A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9525669A1 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1162150A1 (de) * | 1999-02-17 | 2001-12-12 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Sa | Verpackung und verfahren zur seiner herstellung |
EP1162150A4 (de) * | 1999-02-17 | 2005-06-15 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Verpackungsbehälter und dessen herstellungsverfahren |
EP1798153A2 (de) * | 1999-02-17 | 2007-06-20 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA | Verpackungsbehälter und dessen Herstellungsverfahren |
EP1798153A3 (de) * | 1999-02-17 | 2007-07-04 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA | Verpackungsbehälter und dessen Herstellungsverfahren |
EP1806292A1 (de) * | 1999-02-17 | 2007-07-11 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA | Verpackungsbehälter und dessen Herstellungsverfahren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HU9602585D0 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
CZ276396A3 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
CN1146753A (zh) | 1997-04-02 |
WO1995025669A1 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
ES2109817T3 (es) | 1998-01-16 |
TW290513B (de) | 1996-11-11 |
US5875958A (en) | 1999-03-02 |
CZ287730B6 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
HUT74819A (en) | 1997-02-28 |
HK1016413A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 |
CA2186233A1 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
ATE160747T1 (de) | 1997-12-15 |
DE59501077D1 (de) | 1998-01-15 |
PL317188A1 (en) | 1997-03-17 |
MX9604254A (es) | 1997-12-31 |
PL178532B1 (pl) | 2000-05-31 |
CN1058239C (zh) | 2000-11-08 |
EP0750564B1 (de) | 1997-12-03 |
DE4409946A1 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
HU217461B (hu) | 2000-01-28 |
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