EP0635450B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le montage des flèches de grues à tour - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le montage des flèches de grues à tour Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0635450B1
EP0635450B1 EP94420161A EP94420161A EP0635450B1 EP 0635450 B1 EP0635450 B1 EP 0635450B1 EP 94420161 A EP94420161 A EP 94420161A EP 94420161 A EP94420161 A EP 94420161A EP 0635450 B1 EP0635450 B1 EP 0635450B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jib
tie
counter
mounting
lifting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94420161A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0635450A1 (fr
Inventor
Michel Lissandre
Yves Millet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS
Original Assignee
Potain SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Potain SA filed Critical Potain SA
Publication of EP0635450A1 publication Critical patent/EP0635450A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0635450B1 publication Critical patent/EP0635450B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for mounting the jibs of tower cranes and to a device for implementing the method.
  • This invention finds its application in particular in the mounting of the distributing jib and of the associated jib, constituting support of the counterweight, tower cranes used on construction sites of buildings and public works.
  • the distributing jib of such a crane generally has a symmetrical triangular cross section whose upper vertex corresponds to an upper member, while the two lower vertices correspond to lower members which form a raceway for a load distribution carriage on the site.
  • This distributing jib essentially consists of jib elements aligned and assembled together by means of broaching pins arranged at the ends of the upper member and lower members, and a retaining tie rod, formed from several parts assembled together end to end by means of broaching axes mounted perpendicular to the median plane of the boom, pulling whose front end is articulated at the upper chord of a jib element by means of a broaching axis also mounted perpendicular in the middle plane of the arrow.
  • the distributing jib is aligned and assembled on the ground with its tie resting on the upper frame in the direction of the jib foot element, then fitted with slings for lifting it using an auxiliary assembly machine, such as 'a mobile crane.
  • an auxiliary assembly machine such as 'a mobile crane.
  • the articulation of the boom foot is presented and stapled on the front face of the mast head or on the turning pivot.
  • a hauling is carried out between the free end of the tie rod and its point of attachment to the top of the mast head.
  • a winch or a cable puller the free end of the haulage is pulled, until it is possible to pin the tie rod on the top of the mast head.
  • the hauling operation is carried out at height and requires the intervention of one or more fitters in difficult working conditions, in particular in the event of wind or other bad weather, while the auxiliary assembly machine is immobilized during all this time, this machine being generally rented at a high cost.
  • the auxiliary mounting machine is used to raise the boom and its tie rod around the articulation of the boom foot until it is possible to make a broaching. between the free end of the tie waiting on the boom foot and the end of a strap of sufficient length waiting at the top of the mast head. The pinning being carried out, the boom is still lowered using the auxiliary mounting machine until the tie rod is aligned and in tension.
  • the mounting of the counter-jib is carried out in a manner similar to that of the distributing jib and consequently has the same drawbacks.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks set out above, by providing a method for mounting the jibs of tower cranes and a device for implementing the method which improves safety and reduces the downtime of the auxiliary mounting machine.
  • the fact of initially raising the tie rod at a suitable height, above the distributing jib or the jib, makes it possible to present the jib or the jib in front of the mast head, in a configuration allowing assembly straight from the free end of this tie rod, thus making the current hauling system unnecessary.
  • the assembly can therefore be carried out more quickly and more easily, and consequently in better conditions of safety for the personnel and by immobilizing an auxiliary machine of assembly for a reduced time, resulting in significant savings.
  • this auxiliary mounting machine such as a hydraulic mobile crane is used both for raising and aligning the tie rod, the jib or the jib still on the ground, and for then lifting the entire jib or the counter-arrow with its tie rod kept raised and aligned, and its presentation in front of the masthead.
  • the device according to the invention for implementing the method defined above, comprises on the one hand at least one sling, or a set of slings, connecting a fixed point of the jib foot element, in the case of a distributing jib, or a fixed point of the counter-jib, at a fixed point of the tie rod, and capable of being suspended directly or indirectly from the hook of an auxiliary mounting machine, and on the other hand suspension means , of the lifting beam type, allowing the lifting of the whole of the distributing jib or of the counter-jib with its tie rod maintained raised and aligned, means supplementing the preceding elements being still provided for keeping the tie rods raised and aligned.
  • traction can be exerted first on the tie rod, to bring it into the raised position while the distributing jib or the counterjib still remains on the ground, before the whole of the distributing jib or the counterjib is lifted.
  • the device comprises, in addition to at least one sling connecting a fixed point of the foot element of arrow at a fixed point of the tie rod, a lifting punch whose first end is articulated to said fixed point of the tie rod, while its second end comprises support and guide means for its movement along the frame upper part of the boom foot element, means being further provided for stopping the punch in position straightened and to ensure its broaching on said frame in this position.
  • the second end of the lifting punch can carry a roller, capable of moving along the upper chord of the jib foot and, when the punch reaches its upright position, to come into contact with a stopper carried by said chord.
  • This punch is raised at the same time as the arrow rod, and by its rigidity it ensures the maintenance of the rod in the raised and aligned position, and during the lifting of the whole of the distributing arrow and its presentation in front of the mast head.
  • the tie rod of the distributing jib is produced in several successive parts, the respective lengths of which correspond substantially to those of the jib elements on which the parts of the tie rod are mounted during transport, the parts of this tie rod being joined together, during assembly. , by means of coupling rods.
  • this device also comprises a jib lifting beam comprising two fixing flanges on the upper frame of the distributing jib, one of which carries a rod of fixed length and the other carries a strap of adjustable length, to correct the slope of the distributing jib.
  • the rod of fixed length and the strap of adjustable length are positioned laterally on the respective flanges, by means of thickness washers arranged on either side of the pin axes of the rod and the strap on the respective flanges, to correct the cant of the distributing boom.
  • the lifting beam is used with the auxiliary lifting device, to lift the entire boom and the present in front of the masthead, after lifting the tie rod and the punch using the same auxiliary mounting device.
  • This lifter remains permanently attached to the distributor boom, in the region of the center of gravity thereof.
  • the device comprises a lifting beam, the midpoint of which serves for the suspension from the hook of an auxiliary machine of mounting, and two systems of slings fixed to the ends of the spreader and mounted on either side of the jib, each comprising a rear sling directly connecting the spreader to a fixed point of a member of the jib and a front sling in two parts, one of which connects the lifter to the tie-rod for lifting the tie-rod and the other connects the tie-rod to a fixed point on the frame of the jib for lifting the entire jib with its tie-rod raised.
  • a single assembly composed of slings and a lifter is used here for lifting the brace tie rod and for lifting the entire brace with its tie rod raised, the two operations being carried out directly one after the other on the other, without modifying the suspension point on the hook of the auxiliary mounting machine.
  • the broaching of the free ends of the tie rods at the top of the mast head is facilitated by the presence of lights, preferably provided at the free end of the tie rod on the side of the distributing jib, and on a coupling rod on the side of the jib.
  • the crane shown in FIG. 1 comprises, in a known manner, a fixed or rolling base frame 1, a mast 2 of adjustable height surmounted by a fixed pivot 3 supporting, by means of an orientation device 4, a rotary pivot 5 itself surmounted by a mast head 6.
  • This crane is provided with a distributing jib 7 and a counter-jib 8, with counterweight, each equipped with a device for the assembly according to the invention.
  • the boom 7 is equipped with a carriage 9 and a translation mechanism 10 of the carriage 9, as well as a lifting winch 11 for handling loads on the site; it is mounted articulated around a horizontal axis 12 on the front face of the mast head 6 or on the rotary pivot 5, and is maintained in a substantially horizontal position by means of a tie rod 13 linked at 14 to the top of said mast head 6.
  • This distributing arrow 7 of adjustable length comprises a foot element 15, one or more intermediate elements 16, a so-called tie-rod element 17 and one or more common elements 18 situated beyond the tie-down element - pulling 17.
  • the tie rod 13 of the distributing boom 7 is formed of several successive parts 19, 20, 21 whose respective lengths correspond substantially to those of the boom elements, more particularly the foot element 15, the intermediate element or elements 16 and the tie-rod element 17 limited to its part located under the tie-rod.
  • the various parts 19,20,21 of the tie rod 13 are arranged, for transport, above the corresponding arrow elements 15,16,17.
  • the intermediate parts 20 of the tie rod 13 are each composed, at the rear, of a very long element 22 of section circular terminated at its two ends by a yoke 23, and at the front, with a rod 24 provided with a handle 25, forming a tenon, assembled together by means of an axis 26 mounted perpendicular to the line of the tie rod 13 and in the median plane of the arrow 7.
  • the very long element 22 rests above the upper chord 27 of the intermediate arrow element 16 corresponding by means of a front support 28 provided with a retaining pin 29 and a rear support 30 provided with a broaching pin 31 on which it is positioned, while the link rod 24 is folded over the front end of said frame 27.
  • the front part 21 of the tie rod 13 is composed, at the rear, of a very long element 32 of circular section terminated at its front end by a lug 33 and at its rear end by a yoke 34, and at the front, by a double strap 35, forming a yoke, assembled together by means of a pin 36.
  • the double strap 35 is, moreover, assembled on the upper frame 37 of the tie-pull element. of arrow 17 at a gusset 38, forming a tenon, by means of an axis 39.
  • the axes 36 and 39 are also mounted perpendicular to the line of the tie rod 13 and to the median plane of the arrow 7. In the transport position , the very long element 32 rests above the upper chord 37 of the tie-rod element 17 of the arrow 7 by means of a rear support 40 provided with a retaining pin 41.
  • the rear part 19 of the tie rod 13 comprises, as shown in FIG. 2, two very long elements 42, 43 of circular section mounted in the extension of one another through a support 44, the upper part of which receives an axis 45 for hooking a sling 46 used for lifting the tie rod 13 of the distributing boom 7, while its lower part receives an axis 47 mounted perpendicular to the line of the tie rod 13 and median plane of the arrow 7 serving both for the assembly of said elements 42,43 and for the articulation of a punch 48 also serving for the lifting of said tie rod 13.
  • the ends assembled at 47 of elements of great length 42,43 respectively form a tenon 49 and a yoke 50 which abut one against the other by means of a support plate 51 when said elements 42,43 form an angle less than the flat angle.
  • the rear part 19 of the tie rod 13 further comprises at the front a link 52 provided with a handle 53, forming a tenon, for its assembly, by means of an axis 54 mounted perpendicular to the line of the tie rod 13 and to the median plane of arrow 7, at the front end of the set of two very long elements 42,43 forming a yoke 55.
  • the rear end of the set of two elements 42,43 forms a tenon 56 provided with a hole oblong 57 to facilitate assembly at 14 of the tie rod 13 at the top of the mast head 6.
  • the punch 48 articulated at one end at 47 at the tie rod 13 is provided at its other end with a roller 58 in the form of a diabolo capable of rolling on the upper member 59 of circular section of the boom foot element 15 - see also figure 2.
  • the punch 48 is folded down at the front under the rear part 19 of the tie rod 13 and the assembly of the two very long elements 42, 43 rests above the upper chord 59 of the foot element.
  • jib 15 by means of a front support 60 provided with a retaining or pinning axis 61 and a rear support 62 provided with a pinning axis 63, on which one or which it is positioned, while the rod 52 is folded over the front end of said frame 59.
  • the elements 15, 16, 17, 18 of the fully equipped boom 7 are aligned and assembled together on the ground.
  • the parts 19, 20, 21 of the tie rod 13 are then assembled by means of axes 64.65 mounted perpendicular to the line of the tie rod and to the median plane of the arrow 7 by connecting the links 52, 24 respectively to the yokes 23.34.
  • the boom 7 thus equipped is mounted on at least two easels 66.67 of sufficient height for the passage of the carriage 9 equipped.
  • the easel 66 is disposed at the rear of the jib foot 15, while the easel 67 is disposed in front of the jib 7, beyond the axis of assembly of the tie rod 13, to avoid tilting of the arrow 7 during the lifting of said tie rod 13.
  • the lifting punch 48 suspended at 47 in said tie rod 13 straightens by rolling, by means of its roller 58, on the upper member 59 of the jib foot element 15 - see FIG. 6.
  • a double retaining sling 70 connecting a double fixing point 71 located at the rear end of the jib foot element 15 to a axis 72 located at the top of the lifting punch 48 tends gradually.
  • the double retaining sling 70 is tensioned and the tie rod 13 is substantially aligned in the raised position, while the lower end of the lifting punch 48 abuts on an axis 73 secured to a fixed support 74. on the upper chord 59, substantially in the middle of the length of the jib foot element 15 - see FIGS. 2 and 7.
  • the lower end of the lifting punch 48 is locked by hand or automatically by means of an axis 75 on the support 74.
  • a lifting beam 76 is used such as that shown in FIG. 12.
  • the lifting beam 76 has two fixing flanges 77,78 on the upper member 79 of the arrow 7.
  • Each flange 77, 78 is formed by an upper stirrup 80 disposed on a node 81, 82 of the structure of the jib 7 and by two lower stirrups, respectively 83 and 84, arranged on either side. of node 81.82.
  • the lower stirrups 83 and 84 are assembled on the upper stirrup 80 using screws 87, 88.
  • flanges 77,78 Immobilization in rotation, around the upper member 79 of the arrow 7, flanges 77,78 is provided by pins 85 engaged in the bracing 86 of the arrow 7 through the lower stirrups 83,84.
  • Each upper stirrup 80 carries at its upper part a pin 89.90 mounted perpendicular to the median plane of the arrow 7.
  • the flange 77 takes up by its axis 89 a rod of fixed length 91 extended by a first lifting sling 92; washers 93 of different thicknesses are distributed on request on either side of the axis 89 between its supports on said flange 77 and the connecting rod 91.
  • the flange 78 takes up by its axis 90 a strap of adjustable length 94 extended by a second lifting sling 95; washers 96 of different thicknesses are also distributed on demand on either side of the axis 90.
  • the adjustable length strap 94 comprises an adjustable connecting rod 97 articulated at one end on the axis 90 and the body of which comprises several broaching holes 98, a binocular 99 centered at one end on a broaching hole 98 of the adjustable rod 97 and, if necessary, an extension rod 100 pinned at 101 at the other end of the binocular 99.
  • the slope of the arrow 7 is adjusted by adjusting the length of the strap 94, while its slope is corrected by the distribution of the washers 93 and 96 on either side of the axes 89 and 90. In principle, the adjustments are made once and for all for an arrow of given length.
  • the arrow 7 thus raised is presented for the assembly of the boom foot 15 on the front face of the mast head 6.
  • the assembly is carried out by means of two axes 12 connecting two gussets 102 forming tenons of the rotary pivot 5 to yokes 103 extending rearward the lower members 104 of the jib foot 15.
  • a guide device 105 of the angle type ensures the centering of the yokes 103 on the gussets 102 and facilitates the positioning of the axes 12.
  • the jib 8 shown in detail in FIG. 13 is mounted articulated at 110 on the rear face of the mast head 6 or of the pivoting pivot 5 at the same height as the distributing jib 7 and is maintained in a substantially horizontal position.
  • the tie rod 111 is composed of two very long elements 112 identical of circular section mounted symmetrically on either side of the jib 8 , and terminated at their two ends by yokes 113,114.
  • the rear yokes 113 are assembled on the members 115 at the gussets 116, forming tenons, by means of pins 117.
  • the front yokes 114 are assembled by means of pins 118 on a connecting element 119 consisting of two flat irons 120 folded at their base 121 forming a tenon and at their top 122 and joined by spacers 123 and 124.
  • the connecting element 119 is held in the extension of the elements of great length 112 by means of a support plate 125 between yokes 114 and tenons 121.
  • the device for implementing the method for mounting the jib 8 comprises a lifter 126, the midpoint 127 of which serves to hook the hook 68 of the auxiliary mounting device 69, and two identical sling systems fixed to the ends 128 of the spreader 126 and mounted on either side of the jib 8, each comprising a rear sling 129 directly connecting the end 128 of the spreader 126 to a fixing point 130 disposed at the rear of the corresponding member 115 of the jib 8 and a two-part front sling 131,132, of which the first part 131 connects the end 128 of the spreader 126 to a fixing point 133 of the tie rod 111 and the other part 132 connects a fixing point 134 of the tie rod 111 to a fixing point 135 disposed at the front of the corresponding frame 115 of the jib 8.
  • the jib 8 is assembled on the ground with its tie rod 111 folded over the members 115. With the aid of the hook 68 of the auxiliary mounting machine 69, the midpoint 127 of the spreader bar 126 is hooked, then the hook 68 is gradually raised.
  • the jib 8 with its tie rod 111 in the raised position is lifted at the level of the mast head 6 by means of the auxiliary mounting machine 69.
  • the jib 8 is presented and assembled at 110 on the rear face of the mast head 6 or of the rotary pivot 5, and the tie rod 111 is assembled at the top 106 of said mast head 6 by means of a connecting rod 136 provided with an oblong hole 137 to facilitate mounting an axis 138 - see figures 1 and 14.
  • the invention is applied to both the distributing jib 7 and the jib 8 of the same tower crane, in principle one proceeds first to the mounting of the jib 8, then possibly to the installation of a partial counterweight on the jib 8, and then in the mounting of the distributing jib 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
EP94420161A 1993-06-22 1994-06-03 Procédé et dispositif pour le montage des flèches de grues à tour Expired - Lifetime EP0635450B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9307814A FR2706882B1 (es) 1993-06-22 1993-06-22
FR9307814 1993-06-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0635450A1 EP0635450A1 (fr) 1995-01-25
EP0635450B1 true EP0635450B1 (fr) 1997-12-03

Family

ID=9448602

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94420161A Expired - Lifetime EP0635450B1 (fr) 1993-06-22 1994-06-03 Procédé et dispositif pour le montage des flèches de grues à tour

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0635450B1 (es)
JP (1) JP3554583B2 (es)
CN (1) CN1033634C (es)
AT (1) ATE160760T1 (es)
CZ (1) CZ153194A3 (es)
DE (1) DE69407106T2 (es)
DK (1) DK0635450T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2110723T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2706882B1 (es)
RU (1) RU2145934C1 (es)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2756551B1 (fr) * 1996-12-03 1999-01-15 Potain Sa Procede et dispositif pour le montage des tirants des fleches de grues a tour
FR2788758B1 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2001-02-23 Potain Sa Procede et dispositif pour le montage de la tete de mat des grues a tour
JP3683137B2 (ja) 1999-11-10 2005-08-17 三菱電機株式会社 燃料噴射弁の製造方法
CN101712439B (zh) * 2009-11-27 2012-07-04 三一汽车制造有限公司 起重机转场辅助装置、运输拖车及拆装起重机的方法
CN102267671B (zh) * 2010-06-04 2015-09-16 周杨 起重臂
CN101979308B (zh) * 2010-10-14 2012-02-01 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司 塔式起重机及其平衡臂拉杆结构及该结构的安装方法
CN102489981B (zh) * 2011-12-05 2014-03-19 中联重科股份有限公司 用于安装或拆卸零部件的辅助装置
CN103303818B (zh) * 2012-03-06 2016-09-21 上海庞源机械租赁股份有限公司 一种塔式起重机空中接长起重臂的施工方式
CN102616680A (zh) * 2012-04-05 2012-08-01 中联重科股份有限公司 塔式起重机连接板及具有其的塔式起重机
CN103420283A (zh) * 2012-05-18 2013-12-04 李宜君 塔式起重机的动臂结构
JP5862530B2 (ja) * 2012-09-26 2016-02-16 コベルコクレーン株式会社 起伏部材の案内ブラケット、起伏部材の連結方法、及びジブの連結方法
US9206021B2 (en) * 2012-09-26 2015-12-08 Kobelco Cranes Co., Ltd. Crane and crane assembling method
CN103086283B (zh) * 2013-01-24 2015-05-13 中联重科股份有限公司 起重臂及具有其的塔式起重机
CN103539023B (zh) * 2013-10-29 2015-10-28 中联重科股份有限公司 平衡臂和拉杆与塔头的安装结构、安装方法及塔式起重机
CN104030175A (zh) * 2014-05-12 2014-09-10 江苏大通重工有限公司 小型塔式起重机械斜后拉杆连接装置
DE102014016607A1 (de) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-12 Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh Verfahren zum Versetzen eines Turmdrehkranes
CN104609320B (zh) * 2015-01-09 2017-02-22 广州文冲船厂有限责任公司 一种起重机臂架铰支座轴承的更换方法
GB2593394B (en) 2016-09-19 2022-01-05 Somero Entpr Inc Concrete screeding system with boom mounted screed head
DE202017107301U1 (de) 2017-09-01 2018-12-07 Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh Turmdrehkran
FR3114581B1 (fr) 2020-09-25 2022-12-09 Manitowoc Crane Group France Elément de grue formant pivot pour grue à montage par éléments
CN113998604A (zh) * 2021-09-22 2022-02-01 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司建设机械分公司 一种可组合增强的桁架臂及其三角形桁架臂单元体

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FR1389480A (fr) * 1963-11-07 1965-02-19 Procédé pour le relevage de la flèche des grues distributrices et dispositifs permettant sa mise en oeuvre
DK115280B (da) * 1966-05-25 1969-09-22 Edilmac Spa Tårnsvingkran med et i lodret plan opsvingeligt krantårn.
FI44039C (fi) * 1968-09-18 1971-08-10 Betonikone Ab Oy Menetelmä ja laitelma itsensäpystyttävän nosturin puomin asentamista varten
DE8709267U1 (de) * 1987-07-04 1987-08-20 Man Ghh Logistics Gmbh, 74076 Heilbronn Als Transport- und Montageeinheit ausgebildete Turmspitze eines oben drehenden Baukrans

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0635450A1 (fr) 1995-01-25
JPH0710471A (ja) 1995-01-13
CZ153194A3 (en) 1995-01-18
FR2706882A1 (es) 1994-12-30
FR2706882B1 (es) 1995-08-11
CN1033634C (zh) 1996-12-25
DK0635450T3 (da) 1998-08-10
ATE160760T1 (de) 1997-12-15
ES2110723T3 (es) 1998-02-16
JP3554583B2 (ja) 2004-08-18
RU94021633A (ru) 1996-09-10
CN1103378A (zh) 1995-06-07
RU2145934C1 (ru) 2000-02-27
DE69407106D1 (de) 1998-01-15
DE69407106T2 (de) 1998-03-26

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