EP0635148B1 - System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug - Google Patents

System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0635148B1
EP0635148B1 EP94900746A EP94900746A EP0635148B1 EP 0635148 B1 EP0635148 B1 EP 0635148B1 EP 94900746 A EP94900746 A EP 94900746A EP 94900746 A EP94900746 A EP 94900746A EP 0635148 B1 EP0635148 B1 EP 0635148B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
internal combustion
combustion engine
ceramic sensor
operating state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94900746A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0635148A1 (de
Inventor
Eberhard Schnaibel
Erich Schneider
Konrad Henkelmann
Frank Blischke
Georg Mallebrein
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0635148A1 publication Critical patent/EP0635148A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G23/00—Means for ensuring the correct positioning of parts of control mechanisms, e.g. for taking-up play
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1493—Details
    • F02D41/1494—Control of sensor heater

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for operating a heating element for a ceramic sensor in a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a system for operating a heating element for a ceramic Sensor in a motor vehicle is from US Pat. No. 4,348,583 known.
  • the current is pulsed, so that in the second time interval with reduced Power is heated.
  • This type of control of the The heating element becomes high during the first time interval provided to a desired temperature if possible to reach quickly.
  • In the second time interval is reduced Power heated to maintain the temperature.
  • the invention has for its object in a system of the beginning mentioned type for operating a heating element for a ceramic Sensor in a motor vehicle depending on the operating state an internal combustion engine driving the motor vehicle different Set sensor temperatures.
  • Another object of the invention is the ceramic Protect the sensor from damage caused by impinging liquid. At the same time, the ceramic sensor should be ready for operation as quickly as possible and the sensor signals should be affected as little as possible become.
  • the invention is also intended to protect the ceramic Sensor without any structural changes to the sensor or with allow only minor structural changes and inexpensive be.
  • the invention has the advantage that it is one on the respective Operating state of the internal combustion engine adjusted setting of Temperature TSe of the ceramic sensor enables. It is a first Operating state (phase I) of the internal combustion engine defined in which it is to be expected that liquid in the exhaust duct of the internal combustion engine is present and a second operating state (phase II), in which is not to be expected that in the exhaust duct of the internal combustion engine Liquid is present. If the internal combustion engine is in the first operating state, the heating element is not in Started or the heating element is controlled so that the ceramic sensor operated below a critical temperature TSeK becomes. The critical temperature TSeK is chosen so that the Operation of the ceramic sensor below the critical temperature TSeK no significant risk of damage to the ceramic Sensor in contact with liquid. Is the Internal combustion engine in the second operating state, so the control the heating element, for example, to an optimal operating temperature of the ceramic sensor.
  • the distinction between the two operating states mentioned in the control the heating element has the advantage that the risk of damage of the ceramic sensor through contact with liquid is cleared and thus the life of the ceramic sensor can be extended without constructive changes to the sensor must be made.
  • the heating element is exemplary embodiment during the first operating state the internal combustion engine is not put into operation or Operated with reduced power or first with high and then operated with reduced power. The transition from the high to reduced performance occurs if since the start of the Internal combustion engine has passed a selectable period of time or if it can be assumed that the temperature TSe of the ceramic Sensor has exceeded a threshold TSel. Whether the threshold TSel is exceeded, can result from the temperature-dependent properties of the ceramic sensor or the signal of one in thermal Contact with the ceramic sensor standing temperature sensor be determined.
  • the last one has the advantage that the ceramic sensor is very quickly to the maximum permissible temperature under the given circumstances is heated. This ensures that the optimal operating temperature of the ceramic sensor within a short time the transition from the first to the second operating state of the internal combustion engine can be adjusted. All three measures to Protection of the ceramic sensor is common in that they are only taken if necessary, i.e. during the first Operating state.
  • the first operating state is after a cold start of the internal combustion engine in front.
  • a cold start is assumed if the coolant temperature the engine at the start below one Threshold value TKM1 lies.
  • the transition from the first to the second operating state the internal combustion engine takes place if from the beginning a selectable period of time has elapsed from the first operating state or if it can be assumed that the temperature TAbg of the exhaust system a threshold value TTau in the vicinity of the ceramic sensor has exceeded.
  • the latter can be derived from the signal from a temperature sensor, which is installed in the vicinity of the ceramic sensor or from a model that the temperature TAbg of the exhaust system in describes the environment of the ceramic sensor approximately become.
  • the system according to the invention can be particularly advantageous with a Use oxygen probe in the exhaust gas duct of the internal combustion engine seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gases before or after a catalyst is appropriate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine the components essential to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram of the system for operation according to the invention a heating element for an oxygen probe
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrams for the time profile of the heating element electrical power (top), the temperature TSe of the Oxygen probe (center) and the temperature TAbg of the exhaust system in the environment of the oxygen probe (below) and
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram of a device used to determine can be determined whether the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe Has exceeded the threshold TSel.
  • the invention is described below using the example of an oxygen probe, which is located in the exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine.
  • the oxygen probe is used to measure the oxygen content of the Exhaust gas to record and a device for controlling the To provide air / fuel ratio. So far the oxygen probe is usually very far forward in the exhaust duct, i.e. close to the internal combustion engine, attached to rapid heating the oxygen probe through the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine to ensure. To heat the oxygen probe even faster it is usually provided with an electric heating element. Furthermore, it can be ensured by the heating element that the oxygen probe even under operating conditions under which the Exhaust gas temperature is low and / or only a very small amount Exhaust gas is present, is kept at operating temperature.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 100 with the components essential to the invention.
  • an intake tract 102 and an exhaust duct 104 are attached on the internal combustion engine 100 .
  • a sensor 108 for detection the temperature of the intake air and an injector 110.
  • Im Exhaust gas duct 104 of internal combustion engine 100 is located in the flow direction of the exhaust gases - an oxygen probe 112 with a heating element 114, a sensor 116 for detecting the temperature TAbg of the exhaust gases or the wall of the exhaust duct 104 in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112, a catalyst 118 and optionally another Oxygen probe 120 with heating element 122 and another sensor 124 for recording the temperature TAbg of the exhaust gases or the wall of the Exhaust gas duct 104 in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 120.
  • a sensor 126 for detecting the coolant temperature of the engine 100 attached.
  • a control unit 128 is via supply lines with the air mass or air flow meter 106 the sensor 108, the injection nozzle 110, the oxygen probe 112, the heating element 114, the sensor 116, the oxygen probe 120, the Heating element 122, the sensor 124 and the sensor 126 connected.
  • the oxygen probe 120 is used to regulate the air / fuel ratio not absolutely necessary, so today's systems are out Often only equipped with oxygen probe 112 due to cost reasons are. For the future, a two-probe concept appears to be both contains the oxygen probe 112 as well as the oxygen probe 120, but gain in importance. For the description below the principle of operation of the invention becomes an embodiment with only one oxygen probe 112.
  • the Transfer to an embodiment with two oxygen probes 112 and 120 is very simple since each heating element 114, 122 is by itself on the same principle as in the embodiment with only one Oxygen probe 112 is controlled. A separate control is necessary because it can generally be assumed that that the oxygen probes 112 and 120 have different conditions are exposed. The differences can be particularly great after one Cold start of the internal combustion engine 100.
  • the catalyst has 118 a low temperature - usually around ambient temperature - and can initially large amounts of condensation store so that the exhaust gases on their way from the oxygen probe 112 cooled to oxygen probe 120 and enriched with liquid become.
  • the risk of damage from contact with liquid is therefore essential for the oxygen probe 120 longer period than with oxygen probe 112, so that the Protective measures for the oxygen probe 120 are accordingly longer are to be maintained.
  • the first operating state is usually after a cold start the internal combustion engine 100 as long as the temperature TAbg of the exhaust gas duct in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112 is lower than the dew point temperature TTau of approx. 50 - 60 ° C.
  • the period within which is the internal combustion engine in the first operating state is referred to as Phase I below. Will the dew point temperature TTau exceeded, there is a transition to second operating state and a phase II begins.
  • the signal of Sensor 126 which is the temperature of the coolant of the internal combustion engine 100 recorded, evaluated. If the evaluation shows that the Temperature of the coolant is greater than a threshold TKM1, the For example, if it is 75 ° C, there is no cold start.
  • TKM1 a threshold
  • the Internal combustion engine 100 is in the second operating state and there are no further measures to protect the oxygen probe 112 required before damage due to contact with liquid, i.e. the control of the heating element 114 is subject to FIG no restrictions in this context. Is the temperature of the Coolant, on the other hand, is less than the threshold value TKM1 Cold start before and it can initially be assumed that the Internal combustion engine 100 is in the first operating state.
  • the heating element 114 remains switched off.
  • the heating element 114 is reduced with respect to its nominal power P1 Power P2 operated.
  • the heating element 114 is initially operated at its nominal power P1 and then if it can be assumed that the temperature TSe the Oxygen probe 112 has exceeded a threshold TSel the heating power P is reduced such that the temperature TSe Oxygen probe 112 no longer rises or only rises slightly.
  • the threshold TSel is approx. 50 K below a critical one Temperature TSeK of z. B. 300 to 350 ° C, above which the danger damage to oxygen probe 112 upon contact with liquid consists.
  • the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 can be off the time that has passed since the heating element 114 was switched on is estimated or from the output signals of the oxygen probe 112 or from the signals of a temperature sensor, the is in thermal contact with oxygen probe 112 or determined by other methods familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • phase I ends and phase II begins can either from empirical values collected during the application were determined approximately (option 1) or as follows be determined:
  • Figure 2 shows a flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention for operating the heating element 114 of an oxygen probe 112.
  • measure 3 described above and the transition from phase I to phase II is according to one of those described above Possibilities 1, 2 or 3 determined.
  • the flow chart begins with a first step 200, in which the Internal combustion engine 100 is started. Then in one Step 202 queries whether the engine coolant temperature 100 is less than the threshold value TKMI. Is this condition a step 204 follows. In step 204 the heating element 114 is put into operation with the nominal power P1. Then in step 206 it is queried whether the temperature TSe Oxygen probe 112 has exceeded the threshold TSel. This The query is repeated until the queried condition is met is. If the condition is met, step 208 follows Step 208 asks whether it is to be assumed that liquid is present in the vicinity of the oxygen probe 112. To answer This question will address at least one of the three above Options 1, 2 or 3 used.
  • step 210 in which it is caused that the heating element 114 is reduced with respect to its nominal power P1 Power P2 is operated.
  • the reduction in power P can, for example, be clocked by the heating element 114 flowing electrical current.
  • Step 210 follows again Step 208.
  • step follows 212 in which the heating element 114 is caused to run at nominal power P1 is operated. You can also go to step 212 directly from step 202 come out when the condition of the step 202 is not satisfied, i.e. if there is no cold start and thus also no measures to protect the oxygen probe 112 from damage due to contact with liquid are required.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrams for the time course of the heating element 114 supplied electrical power P (top), the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112 (middle) and the temperature TAbg in the Environment of the oxygen probe 112 (below).
  • Phase I which has already been defined further above, is in two Sub-phases divided. A sub-phase Ia and a subsequent one Sub-phase Ib. Phase II follows on from phase Ib. The single ones Phases or sub-phases are by vertical dashed lines separated from each other.
  • the temperature is on the ordinate TSe of the oxygen probe 112 plotted.
  • TSe the temperature of the oxygen probe 112 plotted.
  • an increase in temperature TSe from time t t0 as a result the heating by the heating element 114 to recognize.
  • the rise in temperature is additionally achieved by the oxygen sensor 112 passing exhaust affects.
  • the temperature is on the ordinate TAbg of the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas duct 104 is plotted.
  • phase Ia The end point of phase Ia is reached when the temperature TSe of the oxygen probe 112, the threshold TSel, for example 250 to 300 ° C.
  • the threshold TSel for example 250 to 300 ° C.
  • the sub-phase Ia ends and the sub-phase begins Ib.
  • the reduction the electrical power P has the consequence that the temperature TSe the oxygen probe 112 assumes an approximately constant value (see Figure 3, middle diagram).
  • the time of transition from sub-phase Ib to phase II results derive from the time course of the temperature TAbg.
  • TAbg remains on this Value until the liquid in the exhaust duct 104 in the vicinity of the Oxygen probe 112 and completely upstream in the gaseous Condition has passed.
  • the rise in temperature TAbg against End of sub-phase Ib thus indicates that in the area there is no more liquid in the oxygen probe 112. Out for this reason the time for the transition from sub-phase Ib falls after phase II with an increase in temperature TAbg above the dew point temperature Tau together.
  • the system according to the invention works more reliably the more precisely the times for the transition from phase Ia to Ib and for the Transition from sub-phase Ib to phase II can be determined. in the The following is explained using preferred exemplary embodiments, how to determine these times.
  • the properties of ceramic sensors are often temperature-dependent, so that the temperature TSe of the sensors in these cases without additional thermocouples determined from the behavior of the sensors can be. This also applies to the oxygen probe described here 112, whose electrical resistance increases with temperature decreases sharply.
  • Figure 4 shows a circuit known per se, from which electrical resistance of the oxygen probe 112 is determined whether the oxygen probe 112 has exceeded a threshold value TSel, i.e. the circuit serves the time of transition from Determine sub-phase Ia after sub-phase Ib.
  • the Oxygen probe 112 In addition to the change in resistance, when the temperature rises the Oxygen probe 112 has another effect. Usually delivers the oxygen probe 112 is already below the critical temperature TSeK a voltage that depends on the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, for example, when the threshold TSel is exceeded. So there is usually a temperature range in which the oxygen probe 112 is ready for operation without any noteworthy warning there is damage on contact with liquid.
  • the time of transition from phase Ib to phase II can be determine without the temperature sensor 116 using the following method, d. H. the temperature sensor 116 is for the invention System not absolutely necessary and can also be omitted. Then is using a model that shows the temperature profile of the exhaust gases simulates when the exhaust gases reach the dew point temperature TTau have exceeded.
  • the input variable is that of air mass or Airflow meter 106 senses air mass or airflow into the model fed.
  • the air mass or air volume is integrated in the model and the integral is determined empirically with one Threshold compared.
  • the threshold value represents that of the internal combustion engine 100 air masses sucked in since the cold start or the amount of air at which the temperature TAbg is known to be the Dew point temperature exceeds TTau. Once the under the model carried out comparison shows that the threshold reached , it can be assumed that the temperature TAbg is the dew point temperature TTau has exceeded.
  • Heating element 114 even before the engine 100 starts To take operation.
  • the commissioning triggered by a process that occurs before the start of the internal combustion engine 100 lies, for example opening the vehicle door, switching on the interior lighting, actuation of the belt buckle or Driver seat load. This allows the time between Start of the internal combustion engine 100 and the operational readiness of the Shorten oxygen probe 112, which z. B. in connection with a heated catalyst can be important. This variant too can the described measures to protect the oxygen probe 112 can be used.
  • the temperature TAbg represents the temperature in the vicinity of the Oxygen probe 112 or 120. Depending on the embodiment, it can the temperature of the exhaust gases, the wall of the exhaust duct 104 or the catalyst 118 act. If there is a possibility TAbg can also record several of these temperatures by Averaging over at least two of these temperatures can be determined.
  • the temperature of the wall can also be changed of the exhaust duct (104) or the temperature of the catalyst (118) can be used to determine whether a cold start of the internal combustion engine (100) is present.
  • the prerequisite for this is that a corresponding temperature sensor is available. If at Start of the internal combustion engine (100) that detected by this sensor Temperature is lower than the dew point temperature (TTau) Cold start before.
  • TTau dew point temperature

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP94900746A 1993-01-12 1993-12-02 System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug Expired - Lifetime EP0635148B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4300530A DE4300530C2 (de) 1993-01-12 1993-01-12 System zum Betreiben eines Heizelements für einen keramischen Sensor in einem Kraftfahrzeug
DE4300530 1993-01-12
PCT/DE1993/001149 WO1994016371A1 (de) 1993-01-12 1993-12-02 System zum betreiben eines heizelements für einen keramischen sensor in einem kraftfahrzeug

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EP0635148A1 EP0635148A1 (de) 1995-01-25
EP0635148B1 true EP0635148B1 (de) 1999-03-17

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US (1) US5616835A (ja)
EP (1) EP0635148B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3464221B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100261930B1 (ja)
DE (2) DE4300530C2 (ja)
WO (1) WO1994016371A1 (ja)

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DE102009000076A1 (de) 2009-01-08 2010-07-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für einen Reagenzmitteltropfeneintrag in den Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102009001064A1 (de) 2009-02-23 2010-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für einen Wassertropfeneintrag in den Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102009028953A1 (de) 2009-08-27 2011-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für das Auftreten von Reagenzmitteltropfen im Abgasbereich einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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JPH04148856A (ja) * 1990-10-12 1992-05-21 Toyota Motor Corp 酸素濃度検出センサのヒータ制御装置
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DE9109219U1 (ja) * 1991-07-26 1992-01-09 Wu, Chia Long, Kuei Jen Hsiang, Tainan, Tw
DE4132008C2 (de) * 1991-09-26 2000-04-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit einer Heizung einer Sauerstoffsonde

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008040593A1 (de) 2008-03-03 2009-09-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für einen Wassereintrag in den Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102009000076A1 (de) 2009-01-08 2010-07-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für einen Reagenzmitteltropfeneintrag in den Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102009001064A1 (de) 2009-02-23 2010-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für einen Wassertropfeneintrag in den Abgaskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102009028953A1 (de) 2009-08-27 2011-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Maßes für das Auftreten von Reagenzmitteltropfen im Abgasbereich einer Brennkraftmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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KR100261930B1 (ko) 2000-08-01
DE59309465D1 (de) 1999-04-22
JP3464221B2 (ja) 2003-11-05
KR950700566A (ko) 1995-01-16
JPH07504754A (ja) 1995-05-25
DE4300530C2 (de) 2001-02-08
WO1994016371A1 (de) 1994-07-21
DE4300530A1 (de) 1994-07-14
US5616835A (en) 1997-04-01
EP0635148A1 (de) 1995-01-25

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