EP0634058B1 - Antenne directive, notamment antenne dipole - Google Patents

Antenne directive, notamment antenne dipole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0634058B1
EP0634058B1 EP94906193A EP94906193A EP0634058B1 EP 0634058 B1 EP0634058 B1 EP 0634058B1 EP 94906193 A EP94906193 A EP 94906193A EP 94906193 A EP94906193 A EP 94906193A EP 0634058 B1 EP0634058 B1 EP 0634058B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
dipole
directional antenna
antenna according
dipoles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94906193A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0634058A1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Klinger
Max GÖTTL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kathrein SE
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kathrein Werke KG filed Critical Kathrein Werke KG
Publication of EP0634058A1 publication Critical patent/EP0634058A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0634058B1 publication Critical patent/EP0634058B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional antenna, in particular a dipole antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Dipole antennas are often used as symmetrically fed directional antennas. In principle, it is a horizontal or vertical, symmetrical linear antenna fed in the middle, depending on the polarization of the electromagnetic waves. If the dipoles are offset by 90 ° to one another, a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave can ultimately also be generated.
  • the directional antenna consisting of one or more dipoles usually includes one or more radiators, which essentially consist of the two dipole halves and the so-called symmetry loop, via which the dipole, which usually consists of the two rod halves, is offset with an offset to the reflector wall carrying it is oriented essentially parallel, but also in an angular form.
  • the directional antenna shown in Figures 10a to 10c comprises a dipole field 1 with z. B. two dipoles 3, which are arranged in front of a conductive, flat or shaped reflector 5 at a distance from it.
  • the arrangement thus comprises two radiators 2, which are arranged at a distance a in parallel alignment with one another and with an offset b in front of the reflector wall.
  • the two dipoles 3 shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c are held and fastened to the reflector 5 by means of a so-called symmetry 7, which usually consist of two holding rods 7 'running vertically to the reflector wall 5 and carrying the dipoles 3.
  • a radome 9 that is to say a protective housing.
  • the radiation diagram in the E and H planes of a dipole field is essentially determined by the shape and the mechanical dimensions of the reflector and the number and arrangement of the dipoles.
  • both the reflector width c i.e. the width of the reflector wall 5, as well as the distances a for the lateral offset transversely to the parallel dipoles 3 and the distance b from the dipoles to the reflector 5 can be varied.
  • Directional antennas are used for the current mobile radio networks used with vertical polarization, which have a horizontal directional characteristic of approx. 60 ° to 120 ° at the 3 dB point. These values can be achieved with one or two radiators in the arrangement shown. However, the arrangement of the dipoles 3, the symmetry loop 7 and including the connection point 11 of the symmetry loop 7 on the reflector 5, the so-called base point 11, and the offset must be optimized for any desired half-value width.
  • the dipole antennas described in accordance with the prior art each comprise a plurality of individual parts which then have to be mechanically connected to one another. This is done through the common connection methods, such as. B. screws, welding, soldering.
  • the individual components for the dipole rods, the balancing loop and the connection points 11 for attachment to the reflector can be tubular, flat or else shaped depending on requirements.
  • the individual parts are manufactured with the usual manufacturing tolerances. This also applies to the assembly in the assembled state.
  • connection points can also have retrospective effects on the antenna function. If several RF carrier frequencies are present at the individual connection points of the individual parts at the same time, they can mix with non-linearities and generate intermodulation products which have a disruptive effect on the operation of a mobile radio network. This effect can be exacerbated by contact corrosion if the materials are paired poorly and used for a long time.
  • a generic dipole arrangement in which a dipole emitter formed as a sheet metal part is screwed to the reflector, has become known from DE 91 04 722 U1.
  • the dipole halves and the support struts carrying the dipole halves i.e. the so-called symmetry, as a uniform stamped and bent part made of sheet metal , preferably made of aluminum sheet.
  • the dipole halves are U-shaped and open to the reflector. Adequate stiffening of the support struts is to be achieved by suitable sheet metal deformations such as embossing, beads, folding etc.
  • the support struts are provided with corresponding holes so that the dipole thus produced can be screwed onto the reflector.
  • the dipole is attached to the reflector using screws.
  • holes are drilled at the foot of the support struts, so that the screws mentioned for the fixed attachment of the dipole on the reflector can be passed through and tightened on the reflector.
  • this mechanical connection has the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the present invention achieves significant improvements over the prior art with surprisingly simple means.
  • the invention provides that the dipoles of the dipole antenna, including the so-called symmetry loop, i.e. that is, the holding struts for the dipoles are cut out of the material of the reflector wall, for example punched out, and only with an electrically conductive connection point being left to the remaining material of the reflector wall.
  • the dipole antenna is then simply folded out, i.e. Bend out or edge the radiator including the dipole to form the so-called base at the junction from the radiator to the reflector wall.
  • contour cuts can be exactly reproduced with high-precision tools, for example in the form of a computer-controlled laser or using a coordinate punching tool with tight tolerances.
  • the spotlight and reflector are made of the same material. Thereby above all, possible contact corrosion can be avoided.
  • the alignment of the radiator with respect to the plane of the reflector can be carried out at different angles. This allows a problem-free adaptation to a desired dipole field on the one hand and on the other hand enables a particularly flat design.
  • Directional diagrams with half-widths of approx. 60 to 120 ° can be realized simply by using different bending angles.
  • a very flat design of such a dipole antenna can be realized. Due to a V-shaped course of the symmetry, an electrical length of approximately ⁇ / 4 is achieved, although the dipole is, for example, a distance of approximately ⁇ / 8 from the reflector.
  • a feed can take place, for example, with a coaxial cable or else with a strip line, with one half of the balancing loop and the reflector being able to be used as an outer conductor.
  • the essentially L-shaped form of a dipole 3 with the symmetry 7 assigned to the respective two parts of the dipole is punched out of the material of the reflector 5, for example by means of a computer-controlled laser or a coordinate punching tool the connection point 11 to the reflector wall, that is to say at the base, by bending or edging according to the desired bending angle ⁇ .
  • the angle ⁇ is approximately 30 to 60 °.
  • an opening 13 is left in the reflector field 5 in the area of the punched out, which but generally does not necessarily have to be disadvantageous for the transmitting and receiving function of the directional antenna in general, it may even have advantages.
  • the forward / backward ratio of the dipole field can be influenced by targeted dimensioning of the punched-out shape in the form of the opening 13.
  • the opening 13 could also be closed with electrically conductive material, for example by gluing on a metal foil, it being possible for the metal foil to be provided with a metal layer formed on the rear side without making a galvanic contact with the reflector plate.
  • a specific horizontal radiation diagram can be set. In other words, an adjustment of the radiation diagram can be made possible only by changing the bending angle ⁇ .
  • the production of a directional antenna with different geometrical dimensions that is to say a different size for the distance a between the dipoles and a different length of the dipoles, can be made possible only by changing the desired data in the computer-controlled laser or by changing the punching tool.
  • the symmetry loop 7, i.e. specifically the two parallel band-shaped or strip-shaped halves of the symmetry loop 7 can be designed with a lower wall section 7a connecting these two halves.
  • the two halves of the symmetry loop 7 can be punched out individually and each bent out and set up over a separate bending line 11 at the base point relative to the plane of the reflector 5 (in FIG dotted).
  • the bending line 11 is then aligned with the transverse cutting or punching line lying between the two halves of the symmetry loop 7, which lies in the plane of the reflector, if this is introduced and provided at all.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the dipole antenna according to the invention is in principle also arranged in a closed radome 15 as a protective housing.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b and according to FIG. 5 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1a to 1d or FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4a, 4b and FIG. 5 a possible feeding of the dipole using a strip line 17 is shown in principle.
  • One half 7a of the symmetry loop 7 and the reflector 5 are used as outer conductors.
  • the connecting conductor 17 ' is laid in the middle at a short distance above the reflector plate 5 which represents the outer conductor.
  • the strip line 17 'then branches at a branching point 23 between the two halves 7a of the respective symmetry 7 facing each other.
  • the line runs at a small uniform distance d above the associated half 7a of the symmetry 7, that is to say preferably at the same angle ⁇ with respect to the plane of the reflector.
  • an angled line piece 17 "then connects, which at the adjacent transition from the other half of the balancing 7 to the associated part of the dipole into an angled line to be run on this connection point Line section 17 "passes over. This defines the actual feed point 23.
  • the branching point 23 lies approximately at the level of the opposite dipoles 3 of the two radiators 2. From the connecting side 17 ′ which is laid at a small distance in parallel above the reflector 5, there is a vertical intermediate line 18 in a parallel alignment between the two halves of the symmetry 7 to the high branch point 23.
  • the angular laying of the strip conductors 17 ′′ and 17 ′′ ′′ also takes place in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 in a manner similar to that explained with reference to FIGS. 4a and 4b.
  • the dipoles 3 are also fed using stripline technology, using a carrier substrate 25.
  • the carrier substrate 25 is anchored in a mechanically overlying manner, in particular at a bending angle ⁇ of less than 90 ° between the two opposite symmetries 7 of the two dipoles 3 shown in the figures (for example via an insulating fixing 27 made of plastic).
  • the strip line 17 is formed with the connecting conductor 17 ', from the branching point 23 of which the connecting lines 17' then lead to the respective feed point of the two dipoles 3.
  • the carrier substrate 25 can also be attached at a greater distance from the reflector wall 5, for example at least approximately at the height of the dipoles 3 or slightly below, by means of the fixation 27.
  • the line course corresponds essentially to the exemplary embodiment formed in stripline technology according to FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5, the outer conductors 17a of the two coaxial connecting conductors 17 'ending approximately at the level of the dipoles and the outer conductors 17a here separately on the respective half 7a of the balancing 7 are connected in a conductive manner, while the inner conductor 17b leads via the subsequent conductor pieces 17 ′′ and 17 ′′ ′′ to the respective feed point 23 at the transition of the other half of the symmetry 7 to the associated part of the dipole 3 originating therefrom.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Afin de pouvoir réaliser une antenne directive qui présente des améliorations par rapport à l'état de la technique, notamment une antenne dipôle dont la structure et la fabrication soient plus simples et qui comporte des propriétés électriques encore meilleures, l'invention prévoit de réaliser le dipôle, y compris son élément d'équilibrage des circuits (7), dans le même matériau que le réflecteur (5). Le dipôle et l'élément d'équilibrage des circuits (7) font saillie de la paroi du réflecteur (5) en passant par des encoches correspondantes et/ou des découpes pratiquées à la matrice, jusqu'à une section de jonction avec le matériau restant de la paroi du réflecteur (5), et sont repliés vers l'extérieur par rapport au plan de la paroi du réflecteur, de préférence dans la zone correspondant au point de jonction direct avec le matériau restant de la paroi du réflecteur (5).

Claims (16)

  1. Antenne directive, notamment antenne dipôle, comportant au moins un émetteur (2) sous forme d'un dipôle (3) comprenant une symétrisation (7) associée portant le dipôle (3), au dessus de laquelle le au moins un dipôle (3) est maintenu sur un réflecteur (5), la moitié (3) respective du dipôle étant réalisée d'une pièce avec la partie associée de la symétrisation (7), caractérisée en ce que le dipôle (3), y compris sa symétrisation (7), est fabriqué en le matériau du réflecteur (5) formé en tant que paroi conductrice, par le fait que le dipôle (3) et la symétrisation (5) sont issus de la paroi (5) de réflecteur par des découpes et/ou des estampages correspondants, à l'exception d'un tronçon (11) de liaison au matériau restant de la paroi (5) de réflecteur, et la symétrisation (7) est obtenue par pliage suivant un angle par rapport à la paroi (5) du réflecteur.
  2. Antenne directive suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la symétrisation (7) est obtenue par pliage dans la zone du tronçon (11) de liaison par rapport au plan du matériau restant de la paroi (5) du réflecteur.
  3. Antenne directive suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'angle α de flexion est de 90°.
  4. Antenne directive suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'angle de flexion α est de 65° ou de moins de 65°.
  5. Antenne directive suivant la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'angle α de flexion est plus petit de 45°.
  6. Antenne directive suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'ouverture (13) apparaissant dans la zone de l'émetteur sortie est fermé dans le matériau du réflecteur (5) au moyen d'une couche conductrice de l'électricité.
  7. Antenne directive suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la couche conductrice de l'électricité est constituée d'une feuille métallique.
  8. Antenne directive suivant la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la feuille métallique est munie de la couche métallique conductrice de l'électricité sur sa surface éloignée du matériau du réflecteur.
  9. Antenne directive suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le diagramme de directivité de l'antenne dipôle peut être modifié par modification de l'angle α de flexion.
  10. Antenne directive suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que celle-ci est constituée de plusieurs dipôles (3) et est formée dans l'ensemble d'une seule pièce.
  11. Antenne directive suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que les dipôles (3) sont alimentés au moyen d'une ligne (17) à ruban, l'une (7a) des moitiés de la boucle (7) de symétrisation d'un dipôle (3) ainsi que la paroi (5) des réflecteurs étant utilisées comme conducteur extérieur.
  12. Antenne directive suivant la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que la ligne à ruban (17 ; 17', 17'', 17''') s'étend à une faible distance (d) au-dessus du réflecteur (5) et de ladite une des moitiés (7a) de la boucle (7) de symétrisation.
  13. Antenne directive suivant la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce que les dipôles (3) sont alimentés au moyen d'une ligne à ruban s'étendant sur un substrat (25) de support.
  14. Antenne directive suivant la revendicaiton 13, caractérisée en ce que le substrat (25) de support pour la ligne (17) à ruban est disposé au moyen d'une fixation isolante (27) sur les dipôles (3), décalé latéralement et transversalement par rapport au plan du réflecteur (5).
  15. Antenne directive suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que les dipôles sont alimentés par un câble (24) coaxial.
  16. Antenne directive suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que la distance entre le dipôle (3) et la paroi (5) du réflecteur représente au moins 10 %, de préférence moins de 30 %, 40 % ou à peu près 50 % de la longueur d'onde électrique.
EP94906193A 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 Antenne directive, notamment antenne dipole Expired - Lifetime EP0634058B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4302905A DE4302905C1 (de) 1993-02-02 1993-02-02 Richtantenne, insbesondere Dipolantenne
DE4302905 1993-02-02
PCT/EP1994/000285 WO1994018719A1 (fr) 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 Antenne directive, notamment antenne dipole

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0634058A1 EP0634058A1 (fr) 1995-01-18
EP0634058B1 true EP0634058B1 (fr) 1997-08-06

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94906193A Expired - Lifetime EP0634058B1 (fr) 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 Antenne directive, notamment antenne dipole

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5532707A (fr)
EP (1) EP0634058B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2131720C (fr)
DE (2) DE4302905C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0634058T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2107811T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI112726B (fr)
WO (1) WO1994018719A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI112726B (fi) 2003-12-31
ES2107811T3 (es) 1997-12-01
DE4302905C1 (de) 1994-03-17
DK0634058T3 (da) 1998-02-23
CA2131720A1 (fr) 1994-08-18
DE59403614D1 (de) 1997-09-11
WO1994018719A1 (fr) 1994-08-18
CA2131720C (fr) 1999-11-16
FI944542A (fi) 1994-09-30
EP0634058A1 (fr) 1995-01-18
FI944542A0 (fi) 1994-09-30
US5532707A (en) 1996-07-02

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