EP0625809B1 - Elektrischer Steckverbinder mit einsteck- und abziehbarem Schieber - Google Patents

Elektrischer Steckverbinder mit einsteck- und abziehbarem Schieber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0625809B1
EP0625809B1 EP94401118A EP94401118A EP0625809B1 EP 0625809 B1 EP0625809 B1 EP 0625809B1 EP 94401118 A EP94401118 A EP 94401118A EP 94401118 A EP94401118 A EP 94401118A EP 0625809 B1 EP0625809 B1 EP 0625809B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slide
plug
receptacle
grooves
studs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94401118A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0625809A1 (de
Inventor
Rachid Ainceri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FCI SA
Original Assignee
Framatome Connectors International SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Framatome Connectors International SAS filed Critical Framatome Connectors International SAS
Publication of EP0625809A1 publication Critical patent/EP0625809A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0625809B1 publication Critical patent/EP0625809B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/62905—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances comprising a camming member

Definitions

  • a disadvantage of many previous connectors of this kind is the risk of pulling the drawer too much when one wants to uncoupled the connector. The drawer can then escape from the base and be lost or difficult to find.
  • Document US-A-4 586 771 discloses an assisted insertion and extraction connector consisting of a receptacle comprising male contacts, a plug comprising female contacts and a stirrup-shaped drawer.
  • the arms of the latter are equipped with cylindrical internal projections having a T-shaped cross section in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the drawer. These projections cooperate with lights arranged in the base having a width less than the diameter of the head of the T, except at one of their ends, which is widened so as to allow this insertion of the projection into the light by separation of the arms of the drawer.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide an electrical connector of the type defined above in which the drawer is practically captive.
  • the invention provides a connector characterized in that the drawer has elastic retaining tabs projecting outward at rest and in that notches elongated in the direction of movement of the drawer are formed in the sides of the base to receive the tabs and have a length such that they allow full insertion of the drawer and prohibit its complete removal, the elastic retaining lugs having a shape such that the force to be exerted to tear the drawer from the base is very greater than the force required to insert it.
  • the drawer is provided with elastic locking lugs intended to be inserted in notches provided in the sides when the drawer is in its fully inserted position.
  • the tabs thus ensure an elastic locking preventing possible displacement of the drawer in the event of vibration.
  • the notches can cross the sides, so that the ends of the legs appear in the notches when the drawer is fully pushed in, thus allowing visual inspection.
  • the invention also aims to provide a reversible connector, in the sense that it is possible to insert the drawer on one side or the other of the base.
  • the fingers comprise at least one pair of fingers placed in the median plane of the plug
  • the grooves of the drawer comprise at least one pair of grooves intended to receive these fingers
  • the notches of the base are symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the base. If elastic locking tabs are provided, two pairs of notches intended to receive them are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the base.
  • the latter carries two pairs of said fingers, one of the pairs being located in the middle of the plug and the other near one end and the drawer has two pairs of grooves of corresponding shape.
  • the grooves which constitute insertion and extraction ramps, advantageously have an end portion substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the slide, therefore perpendicular to the direction of insertion.
  • the vibrations directed in the direction of insertion and extraction of the plug do not cause forces tending to move the drawer.
  • the connector shown in Figures 1 to 3 has two housings, which will be considered as constituting a base 10 and a plug 12.
  • the terms "plug” and “base” are used for convenience and in no way imply that the base constitutes the fixed element.
  • the connector has plus a drawer 14 in the shape of a U or stirrup insertable in the base 10.
  • the three constituent elements 10, 12 and 14 are generally made of plastic reinforced with fillers and are produced by molding.
  • the plug 12 and the base 10 are intended to receive electrical contacts, not shown in FIG. 1.
  • the contacts of the base 10 are for example permanently fixed to the base, for example by overmolding of the constituent material of the base on the contacts.
  • the card shown includes a compartment 16 for receiving a wafer containing contacts. Hanging fingers may be provided to hold the cake once it has been inserted.
  • the base 10 is of elongated rectangular section and has, in its direction of elongation, two parallel passages 18 allowing the drawer 14 to move in the direction indicated by the arrow F (FIG. 1) and in the opposite direction, while being retained in the direction of insertion and extraction of the plug, orthogonal to F.
  • These corridors are delimited by the internal part of the base 10 and by two parallel sides 20. They guide the drawer in its movements.
  • Sheet 12 also has a rectangular section. Its external face is mostly smooth and has dimensions allowing it to engage in the base.
  • the drawer 14 and the plug 12 comprise means cooperating to cause the insertion of the plug in response to the movement of the drawer 14 in the direction of the arrow F and to cause the extraction of the plug during the movement in the opposite direction.
  • the means carried by the plug are constituted, in the illustrated case, by two pairs of fingers 28a and 28b, projecting externally on either side of the plug.
  • the presence of two pairs of fingers ensures better guiding of the plug during its insertion and extraction.
  • a pair of fingers 28a can be placed in the median plane of the plug while the fingers 28b are close to one end of the plug.
  • the fingers 28a and 28b are intended to engage in grooves 30a and 30b cut out in the drawer 14 and emerging along the edge of the drawer placed on the side of the plug. These grooves have an inlet section parallel to the direction of insertion of the plug, facilitating the engagement of the fingers 28a and 28b. They then have an oblique section over most of their length. In their closed end part, the grooves are parallel to the direction of movement F, so that a pull on the plug does not tend to drive the drawer 14.
  • Means are provided for energetically retaining the drawer as soon as it has been inserted into the base from a determined position, which is advantageously that for which the fingers 28a and 28b are located opposite the outlet of the grooves 30a and 30b.
  • these means consist of elastic retaining tabs 32, formed by cut portions of the side wall of the drawer, projecting outward when these tabs are free.
  • the tabs are intended to be retained in the notches 34 provided in the base 10.
  • the orientation of the elastic tabs is such that the drawer can easily be inserted, the tabs then retract elastically, but the extraction is difficult or practically impossible, due to the abutment of the free end of the tongues against the end face of the corresponding notch.
  • the connector shown in Figures 1 to 3 also includes elastic locking tabs 36 intended to resiliently hold the drawer in place when it has been completely inserted.
  • these legs have a shape of a harpoon oriented longitudinally (parallel to F) and consist of a cut-out portion of the drawer.
  • terminal slats of the lugs 36 engage in notches 38a or 38b of the base, depending on the direction of insertion of the drawer 14.
  • the notches 38a and 38b can be open, so as to allow visual control of full engagement.
  • the embodiment of the connector is apparent directly from the above description.
  • the drawer 14 is firstly inserted into the base 10 until its tongues 32 are retained in the notches 34 and it is moved back until the tongues are in abutment.
  • the dimension of the notches is advantageously such that in this abutment position the outlets of the grooves are opposite the path of introduction of the fingers.
  • the plug 12 can then be placed on the base 10, from which the finger input passages can be cut.
  • these passages include median passages 40 intended to receive the fingers 28a and the notches 38a or 38b (depending on the insertion side of the drawer). In this position of the plug, its contacts, such as the contact 42 shown in FIG. 2, are not yet in electrical connection with the contacts of the base.
  • FIG 4 shows an alternative embodiment in which the tab receiving slots are formed by separate holes of the inlet passages.
  • Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the locking tabs, usable in particular in the embodiment of Figure 4.
  • These tabs are constituted by triangular portions 44 cut in the drawer, having a projecting spout 46 intended to engage in the notches 48 distinct from the input passages of the fingers.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Elektrischer Steckverbinder mit:
    - einem Sockel (10), der dazu dient, erste elektrische Kontakte zu enthalten, in dem zwei Seitenflächen (20) zwei parallele Durchgänge (18) begrenzen, die sich in Längsrichtung des Sockels erstrecken,
    - einem Stecker (12), um zweite Kontakte zu enthalten, die mit den ersten Kontakten zusammenwirken, verschiebbar in eine Einsetz- und eine Auszugsrichtung, wobei der Sockel senkrecht zur Einsetzrichtung vorspringende Zapfen (28a, 28b) aufweist, und
    - einem bügelförmigen Zwangseinschub und Zwangsausziehschieber des Steckers, der entlang der Durchgänge quer zur Einsetzrichtung gleiten kann, und in dem abfallende Zapfenaufnahmenuten (30a, 30b) ausgespart sind, die eine solche Form haben, daß die Verschiebung des Schiebers im Sockel in eine erste Richtung die Verschiebung der Zapfen in den Nuten vom Eintritt letzterer bewirkt und daß die Verschiebung in umgekehrte Richtung die Zapfen aus den Nuten heraus-treibt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schieber elastische Rückhaltezungen (32) aufweist, die in Ruhestellung nach außen vorspringen, und daß längliche Ausschnitte in Verschiebungsrichtung des Schiebers in den Seitenwänden des Sockels ausgespart sind, um die Zungen aufzunehmen und eine solche Länge haben, daß sie den vollständigen Einschub des Schiebers ermöglichen und sein vollständiges Herausziehen verhindern, wobei die elastischen Rückhaltezungen (32) eine solche Form haben, daß die zum Ausziehen des Schiebers vom Sockel auszuübende Kraft viel größer als die zum Hineinschieben nötige Kraft ist.
  2. Elektrischer Steckverbinder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schieber (14) mit elastischen Verriegelungshaken (36) versehen ist, die dazu dienen, sich in in den Seitenwänden vorgesehene Rasten (38a, 38b) einzufügen, wenn der Schieber sich in seiner vollständigen Einschubstellung befindet.
  3. Elektrischer Steckverbinder nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rasten (38a, 38b) die Seitenwände (20) derart durchbrechen, daß das Ende der Haken in den Rasten zum Vorschein kommt, wenn der Schieber (14) vollständig hineingesteckt ist, wobei so eine Sichtkontrolle ermöglicht wird.
  4. Elektrischer Steckverbinder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zapfen wenigstens ein Paar von Zapfen (28a, 28b) umfassen, die in der Mittelebene des Steckers (12) angeordnet sind, wobei die Nuten des Schiebers wenigstens ein Paar Nuten (30a) umfassen, um diese Zapfen (28a) aufzunehmen, und wobei die Ausschnitte (34) des Sockels (10) symmetrisch in Bezug auf die Mittelebene des Sokkels sind.
  5. Elektrischer Steckverbinder nach den Ansprüchen 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Paar Rasten (38b) zum Aufnehmen der elastischen Verriegelungshaken (36) vorgesehen und symmetrisch in Bezug auf die Mittelebene des Sockels angeordnet sind.
  6. Elektrischer Steckverbinder nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stecker zwei Paare von Zapfen (28a, 28b) aufweist, von denen eines in der Nähe eines Endes des Steckers (12) angeordnet ist, und daß der Schieber (14) zwei Paar Nuten (30a, 30b) aufweist.
  7. Elektrischer Steckverbinder nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Längsabmessung der Ausschnitte (34) derart ist, daß, wenn die Zungen (32) am hinteren Anschlag sind, die Enden der Nuten (30a, 30b) gegenüber der Einführstrekke der Zapfen (28a, 28b) sind.
EP94401118A 1993-05-21 1994-05-19 Elektrischer Steckverbinder mit einsteck- und abziehbarem Schieber Expired - Lifetime EP0625809B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9306122 1993-05-21
FR9306122A FR2705503B1 (fr) 1993-05-21 1993-05-21 Connecteur électrique à tiroir d'insertion et d'extraction.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0625809A1 EP0625809A1 (de) 1994-11-23
EP0625809B1 true EP0625809B1 (de) 1997-07-16

Family

ID=9447343

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94401118A Expired - Lifetime EP0625809B1 (de) 1993-05-21 1994-05-19 Elektrischer Steckverbinder mit einsteck- und abziehbarem Schieber

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5899762A (de)
EP (1) EP0625809B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH07135046A (de)
AT (1) ATE155616T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2123972A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69404223T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2705503B1 (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0669679A2 (de) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-30 The Whitaker Corporation Nockenbetätigter Verbinder
EP0726617A2 (de) * 1995-02-09 1996-08-14 The Whitaker Corporation Verbinder mit Sekondärverriegelung und Kupplungsvorrichtung
EP0736935A2 (de) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-09 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Hebelverbinder
US5660556A (en) * 1995-02-13 1997-08-26 Connecteurs Cinch Electrical connectors
EP0855763A2 (de) * 1996-12-25 1998-07-29 Yazaki Corporation Verbinder mit niedriger Einsteckkraft
US5823807A (en) * 1995-06-27 1998-10-20 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Connector assembly with mechanism for confirmation of fitting of connector housing and method of attaching connector housing
US5857859A (en) * 1995-08-22 1999-01-12 The Whitaker Corporation Electrical connector having an actuating slide
EP0989633A2 (de) * 1998-09-25 2000-03-29 The Whitaker Corporation Elektrischer Verbinder mit verschiebbarem Verriegelungsteil
US6062882A (en) * 1996-09-03 2000-05-16 Yazaki Corporation Low insertion force connector
EP1006619A2 (de) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-07 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Zweiteiliger elektrischer oder optischer Steckverbinder
US6422882B1 (en) 1999-01-08 2002-07-23 Framatome Connectors International Plug and socket connector arrangement with plug and socket mating slider
DE19511225C2 (de) * 1995-03-27 2003-10-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrische Steckvorrichtung
US6663291B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2003-12-16 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Connector assembly having an improved connector position assurance mechanism

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JP3218155B2 (ja) * 1994-10-14 2001-10-15 タイコエレクトロニクスアンプ株式会社 カム部材付きコネクタ
EP0722203B1 (de) * 1995-01-16 2003-04-16 Molex Incorporated Elektrischer Steckverbinder mit verbessertem Nockensystem
DE19530334B4 (de) * 1995-08-17 2006-03-02 The Whitaker Corp., Wilmington Steckeranordnung mit einem Betätigungsschieber
DE19532623B4 (de) * 1995-09-04 2005-07-28 The Whitaker Corp., Wilmington Elektrischer Stecker mit einem Betätigungsschieber
JP3326069B2 (ja) * 1996-03-29 2002-09-17 矢崎総業株式会社 低挿入力コネクタ
FR2752495B1 (fr) * 1996-08-13 1998-10-30 Proner Comatel Sa Connecteur electrique a etrier d'aide a l'insertion et de verrouillage
JP3147223B2 (ja) * 1996-08-23 2001-03-19 矢崎総業株式会社 コネクタ相互の嵌合機構
DE19651437B4 (de) * 1996-12-11 2006-04-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Steckverbindung
DE29622273U1 (de) * 1996-12-21 1998-04-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vielpoliger elektrischer Steckverbinder
JPH1126069A (ja) * 1997-06-27 1999-01-29 Yazaki Corp スライド嵌合型コネクタ
JPH11204196A (ja) * 1998-01-13 1999-07-30 Yazaki Corp 運動伝達機構及び低挿入力コネクタ
JP3529021B2 (ja) * 1998-01-22 2004-05-24 矢崎総業株式会社 低挿入力コネクタ
DE19802554A1 (de) * 1998-01-23 1999-08-05 Whitaker Corp Steckeranorndung mit einem Betätigungsschieber
GB2334632B (en) * 1998-02-23 2002-03-13 Delphi Automotive Systems Gmbh Two-part electrical connector
ITTO980287A1 (it) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-01 Framatome Connectors Italia Unita' di connessione elettrica.
FR2784240B1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-11-17 Framatome Connectors Int Dispositif d'actionnement d'au moins un shunt dans un connecteur notamment a etrier mobile
DE19844693A1 (de) 1998-09-29 2000-03-30 Delphi Automotive Systems Gmbh Zweiteiliger elektrischer Verbinder
JP3467419B2 (ja) * 1998-12-21 2003-11-17 矢崎総業株式会社 コネクタのロック構造
DE29823231U1 (de) * 1998-12-30 2000-05-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrische Steckvorrichtung
JP3528147B2 (ja) * 1999-01-13 2004-05-17 矢崎総業株式会社 低嵌合力コネクタ
US6254407B1 (en) 1999-02-17 2001-07-03 Framatome Connectors Interlock, Inc. Mechanical assist cam slide device
EP1100160B1 (de) 1999-11-10 2007-03-21 Molex Incorporated Elektrischer Steckerzusammenbau mit verbessertem Nockensystem
ES1045059Y (es) * 2000-01-12 2000-12-16 Lear Automotive Eeds Spain Medios de retencion para un conjunto conector electrico perfeccionado.
US6632099B2 (en) 2000-11-21 2003-10-14 Ati Systems, Inc. Electrical connector with automatic shunt displacement member
DE10303382B4 (de) * 2003-01-29 2005-07-28 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Kupplungsvorrichtung mit Verrastplatte
JP3966513B2 (ja) * 2003-04-24 2007-08-29 住友電装株式会社 コネクタ
JP4418355B2 (ja) * 2003-12-02 2010-02-17 起亞自動車株式会社 ジャンクションボックスアセンブリー
DE102006058680A1 (de) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-19 Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh Elektrischer Steckverbinder
JP4635083B2 (ja) * 2008-10-07 2011-02-16 株式会社アドバンテスト 半導体部品取付装置及び試験装置
DE102011006335A1 (de) 2011-03-29 2012-10-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Anordnung zur Herstellung elektrischer Kontakte
JP2013246897A (ja) 2012-05-23 2013-12-09 Yazaki Corp レバー式コネクタ
JP5885597B2 (ja) 2012-06-15 2016-03-15 矢崎総業株式会社 レバー式コネクタ
US9118145B2 (en) * 2012-06-18 2015-08-25 Tyco Electronics Corporation Latch assemblies for connector systems
FR3033091B1 (fr) * 2015-02-25 2018-05-25 Amphenol - Air Lb Systeme de raccordement pour connecteur
JP6607088B2 (ja) * 2016-03-04 2019-11-20 住友電装株式会社 コネクタ
EP3553895A1 (de) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-16 Connecteurs Electriques Deutsch Anschlussunterstützungsvorrichtung für elektrische verbinder
CN112164931B (zh) * 2020-08-21 2022-06-07 西安环宇芯微电子有限公司 一种mosfet静电泄放用连接装置

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JP2605189B2 (ja) * 1991-08-27 1997-04-30 矢崎総業株式会社 コネクタ接続装置
US5207593A (en) * 1991-11-13 1993-05-04 Molex Incorporated Latch release mechanism for mating electrical connectors
US5205753A (en) * 1992-04-07 1993-04-27 Nvision, Inc. Circuit board structure
DE9305859U1 (de) * 1993-04-20 1993-07-29 Alfred Woehner Gmbh, 96472 Roedental, De

Cited By (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5575676A (en) * 1994-02-25 1996-11-19 The Whitaker Corporation Cam-equipped connector
EP0669679A2 (de) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-30 The Whitaker Corporation Nockenbetätigter Verbinder
EP0726617A2 (de) * 1995-02-09 1996-08-14 The Whitaker Corporation Verbinder mit Sekondärverriegelung und Kupplungsvorrichtung
US5660556A (en) * 1995-02-13 1997-08-26 Connecteurs Cinch Electrical connectors
DE19511225C2 (de) * 1995-03-27 2003-10-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrische Steckvorrichtung
DE19511225C5 (de) * 1995-03-27 2008-02-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Steckvorrichtung
EP0736935A2 (de) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-09 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Hebelverbinder
US5823807A (en) * 1995-06-27 1998-10-20 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Connector assembly with mechanism for confirmation of fitting of connector housing and method of attaching connector housing
GB2302767B (en) * 1995-06-27 1998-12-30 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd Connector assembly with mechanism for confirmation of fitting of connector housings and method of attaching connector housings
US5857859A (en) * 1995-08-22 1999-01-12 The Whitaker Corporation Electrical connector having an actuating slide
US6062882A (en) * 1996-09-03 2000-05-16 Yazaki Corporation Low insertion force connector
EP0855763A2 (de) * 1996-12-25 1998-07-29 Yazaki Corporation Verbinder mit niedriger Einsteckkraft
EP0989633A2 (de) * 1998-09-25 2000-03-29 The Whitaker Corporation Elektrischer Verbinder mit verschiebbarem Verriegelungsteil
EP1006619A2 (de) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-07 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Zweiteiliger elektrischer oder optischer Steckverbinder
EP1006619A3 (de) * 1998-12-03 2004-03-31 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Zweiteiliger elektrischer oder optischer Steckverbinder
US6422882B1 (en) 1999-01-08 2002-07-23 Framatome Connectors International Plug and socket connector arrangement with plug and socket mating slider
US6663291B2 (en) 2001-02-21 2003-12-16 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Connector assembly having an improved connector position assurance mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE155616T1 (de) 1997-08-15
JPH07135046A (ja) 1995-05-23
FR2705503A1 (fr) 1994-11-25
DE69404223T2 (de) 1998-01-08
CA2123972A1 (en) 1994-11-22
EP0625809A1 (de) 1994-11-23
DE69404223D1 (de) 1997-08-21
US5899762A (en) 1999-05-04
FR2705503B1 (fr) 1995-07-28

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