EP0605531A1 - Metier mecanique et frein d'insertion pour metiers mecaniques. - Google Patents

Metier mecanique et frein d'insertion pour metiers mecaniques.

Info

Publication number
EP0605531A1
EP0605531A1 EP92919923A EP92919923A EP0605531A1 EP 0605531 A1 EP0605531 A1 EP 0605531A1 EP 92919923 A EP92919923 A EP 92919923A EP 92919923 A EP92919923 A EP 92919923A EP 0605531 A1 EP0605531 A1 EP 0605531A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brake
entry
drive motor
weft
braking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92919923A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0605531B1 (fr
Inventor
Paer Josefsson
Kurt Arne Gunnar Jacobsson
Lars Helge Gottfrid Tholander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iro AB
Original Assignee
Iro AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iro AB filed Critical Iro AB
Publication of EP0605531A1 publication Critical patent/EP0605531A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0605531B1 publication Critical patent/EP0605531B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
    • D03D47/34—Handling the weft between bulk storage and weft-inserting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H59/00—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators
    • B65H59/10—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by devices acting on running material and not associated with supply or take-up devices
    • B65H59/20—Co-operating surfaces mounted for relative movement
    • B65H59/26—Co-operating surfaces mounted for relative movement and arranged to deflect material from straight path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a weaving machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and an entry brake according to the preamble of patent claim 3.
  • An air jet weaving machine has as the drive motor of the controlled entry brake, for example, a plunger magnet for adjusting a braking element that deflects the weft thread in the braking position and deflects it on two stationary door steering elements. To dampen tension peaks in the weft, the deflection is at least partially reversed, the reversal of the deflection being set or regulated.
  • an elastically yielding energy store which is designed such that it yields under the force exerted by the deflection of the weft thread, the energy store being the magnet whose excitation is controlled more strongly for an initial braking and weaker for a subsequent damping when the deflection is reversed.
  • the force that increases as the tension rises is used in the deflected weft thread in order to deform the energy accumulator, which consumes energy and reduces tension peaks in an interaction. Even if the entry brake only has the brake and Damping attacks the required length of time on the weft thread, the elastic energy accumulator creates after
  • a positively controlled entry brake is provided.
  • a cam lever of the entry brake is pivoted relative to stationary deflecting elements by a cam drive according to a program which is identical for all entry processes and which has to be processed completely during each entry process.
  • the insertion brake is in a braking position at the beginning of the insertion process and is gradually brought into the rest position when the weft thread starts to move.
  • the entry brake is again set to a braking position in which it remains even with increasing deflection of the weft thread until the next entry process.
  • a mechanically controlled entry brake is too imprecise for modern jet weaving machines with high entry speed and high entry frequency.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a weaving machine of the type mentioned and a universally usable entry brake which enables the entry processes to be optimized and the rate of thread breaks to be reduced at a high entry speed and high entry frequency.
  • the entry brake It is not left to the weft itself to work off voltage peaks at least partially, but it is precisely controlled by the programmable and changeable control of the entry brake, which usually occurs at the end of the entry process, and by reversing the entry brake when the voltage peak is reduced, which is previously known in the Entry brake stored length of the weft section at least partially adjusted to counteract a subsequent undesirable increase in tension and a retraction of the weft.
  • the step or DC motor adjusts the braking element in strict dependence on the control program, the weft thread being at no time able to automatically change the deflection or even reverse the deflection if it is not forced or offered by the braking element.
  • the braking of the weft thread and the reduction of the tension peak is carried out exclusively by the programmed control of the insertion brake, which can be improved with regard to optimized insertion operations due to the program, which can be modified at least between insertion operations but even during an insertion operation.
  • the entry brake is controlled electronically, precisely reproducible control processes can also be carried out in the critical phases, which are only a few milliseconds.
  • An adaptation to changing operating conditions of the weaving machine is just as possible as an adaptation to the respective thread quality or to an entry speed that changes with one and the same weft thread. Since this configuration ensures that the entry brake works according to the program without the weft being influenced, a self-learning adaptive control system can be realized by processing additional information in the control device, which usually contains a microprocessor, which guarantees largely optimized entry processes, i.e. every entry process within the loom-dependent predetermined period of time with properly stretched and undamaged weft ends and treated the weft so carefully that the quota of thread breaks is reduced.
  • the function of the auxiliary nozzles arranged in the compartment can be throttled towards the end of the insertion process, which brings a lower nozzle pressure with lower air consumption in filament or width weaving machines.
  • the entry brake is at least partially self-compensating, since less Weft speed and lower tension also the frictional force acting for braking is lower.
  • the entire length of the weft thread can be repositioned at the end of the insertion process and before the stop, e.g. with a view to improving the fabric processing facilities.
  • the free end of a prepared weft thread can be pulled back in the channel, so that a fluttering weft thread end does not disturb the other weft thread.
  • This retraction by means of the controlled entry brake or by a to-and-fro movement of the weft end in the main nozzle distributes the mechanical influence (fiber dissolution) in the case of a weft thread which has not been entered for a long time and is thus reduced to a negligible extent.
  • a special logic driver circuit can be provided for this in the control circuit.
  • Braking is carried out using a complex stroke-time program, so that adaptive control of the weft speed can be achieved. It is possible not only to control a correct maximum stroke of the entry brake, but also to work through a specific position-time diagram for the entry brake movement, in which the entry brake performs several functions on the weft thread. Since experience has shown that one and the same thread flies faster towards the end of a supply spool with unchanged entry conditions than with a full supply spool, a weak deflection controlled by the insertion brake can be used to throttle the weft speed to the desired value when processing this part of the thread.
  • the entry brake is, so to speak, an entry brake which realizes several braking stages.
  • a particularly effective reduction in the voltage peak at the end of the entry process is achieved if at maximum deflection and thus maximum braking the entry brake releases the stored thread length very quickly, with up to 20m / sec, before the weft thread develops its return tendency. This requires the rapid reversal and the forced connection in the entry brake as well as a driver logic in the program of the control (claim 3).
  • a stepper motor that is particularly suitable in practice is an escap stepper motor of the type P 430 with winding in series or winding in parallel with a torque of up to 80Nmm and up to 10,000 steps per second.
  • an automatic threading process is carried out in the insertion brake.
  • the nozzle is activated via the control device, which also controls the entry brake.
  • This additional function can be implemented programmatically with little effort.
  • the threading nozzle can be operated continuously or in steps with the controllable entry brake for modulating the throughput. If necessary.
  • a stationary main nozzle with an air control is integrated into the entry brake, which can be actuated or regulated for threading but also to influence the entry deliberately. This function can also be adjusted to the thread quality in a controlled manner.
  • the threading nozzle or a secondary main nozzle forming it could be activated and modulated in the at least one controlled threading position to support the start of the entry.
  • the entry brake according to claim 5 can be with the Use the control device profitably in all modern jet machines, the control device being designed either as part of the weft feeder, separately as the main control device or as part of the control device of the weaving machine.
  • the embodiment of the entry brake according to claim 6 is small, reliable. A low inertia response can be achieved with control in any direction of movement.
  • the insertion brake can be arranged either on the weft feeder, downstream of the weft feeder or on or in the main nozzle. However, it is also conceivable to integrate a secondary stationary main nozzle in the feed brake.
  • the embodiment according to claim 7 is favorable, in which the connecting shaft transmits the torque of the drive motor directly to the carrier.
  • the aspect of claim 8 is important because the rotary bearings in the drive motor prevent any eccentric reaction forces from being transmitted from the carrier to the drive motor and could prevent its rapid response and precise rapid execution of the commands there.
  • a sufficient number of deflection points for effective braking that is as abrupt as possible is given in the embodiment of claim 11.
  • a particularly useful embodiment is set out in claim 12.
  • the six effective deflection points enable a large total deflection angle that is important for braking, which is distributed over several places and does not damage the weft thread and is reached or eliminated with a relatively small stroke and thus quickly.
  • the high total deflection angle according to claim 13 is important for braking that is as abrupt as possible and yet precisely controllable, in particular for reducing the high voltage rise that usually occurs at the end of the entry process.
  • the entry brake according to claim 14 is designed for automatic threading, the threading nozzle being activated and deactivated by means of the drive motor which serves for the braking function. In this way, downtimes after a thread break or when threading the weft thread for the first time are kept as short as possible. The throughput of the threading nozzle can even be program-dependent modulate (claim 16).
  • a particularly simple embodiment is set out in claim 15.
  • the program for controlling the drive motor need only have one or a few additional program steps for this threading function. Is, e.g. the absence of the weft thread is indicated by a signal, then this program routine is executed in order to thread the weft thread through the insertion brake as quickly as possible.
  • the nozzle can also be used for controlled pushing before or at the start of the entry.
  • the tube defines, so to speak, an air duct through which the weft thread is securely threaded.
  • the embodiment according to claim 18 receives an additional function by means of the controlled drive motor.
  • the flow of the nozzle is changed even during the entry process, again mainly by means of the precisely controllable drive motor.
  • an entry brake with a multifunctional application area is created which, with an intelligent and flexible control device, serves its main purpose of braking in order to dampen or suppress the Whip effect but also other purposes to optimize the entry processes with a learning process.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an air jet weaving machine with a weft thread feeder at the end of an insertion process
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a further embodiment of an entry brake.
  • a weaving machine W according to FIG. 1 is an air-jet weaving machine 1 with a compartment 2 and a reed 3. Sections of a weft thread Y are entered into the compartment 2 depending on the weaving cycle, at least one main nozzle 5 for transporting them and 2 auxiliary nozzles 4 along the compartment are provided, which are activated and deactivated depending on the web clock.
  • a cutting device 6 is provided downstream of the main nozzle 5.
  • the weft Y is drawn off by a weft feeder 7, which has several turns on a storage body 8.
  • a stop device 9 with a stop element 11 is provided in the feeder 7, since to release a precisely dimensioned weft thread section it is withdrawn and, after deduction, is moved back into the stop position shown.
  • a continuity sensor 10 is provided in the stop device 9, which generates a continuity signal with each passage of the weft thread during the insertion process and transmits this to a control device 12, which among other things also controls the stop device 9.
  • a control device 12 which among other things also controls the stop device 9.
  • a program part 13 of a control circuit is provided, which is used to control a weft insertion brake 14 arranged downstream of the feeder 7 during each insertion process.
  • the entry brake 14 has a drive motor 15 for movable brake elements 17, which are adjustable relative to stationary deflection elements 16.
  • FIG. 1 an entry process is completed.
  • the weft Y has reached the end of the compartment 2 opposite the feeder.
  • the entry brake 14 has braked the weft at the end of the entry process.
  • the stop element 11 is in the stop position.
  • the next step is to cut off the inserted weft thread and cast through the reed 3.
  • a new entry process is then initiated by the main nozzle 5 and the stop element 11 is withdrawn again.
  • the entry brake 14 can be controlled in its rest position, in which it allows the weft Y to pass freely.
  • the diagram in FIG. 2 shows an entry process in the upper part based on the tension curve in the weft Y.
  • the curve A drawn in solid lines represents the voltage curve achieved using the controlled entry brake 14.
  • the dashed curve part P represents a tension peak which occurs at the end of the insertion process due to a stretching or whipping effect in the weft thread stopped by the stop element 11. This tension peak should be reduced because it interferes with the entry process and is dangerous for the weft thread (weft break).
  • the voltage drop a at the beginning of curve A represents the movement absorption of the weft thread at the beginning of the insertion process as soon as the stop element 11 has released it. The weft is then accelerated and brought up to its insertion speed, the tension curve being relatively constant in this area.
  • the insertion brake 14 Towards the end of the insertion process, namely a certain period of time before the expected occurrence of the voltage peak P at the time tP, the insertion brake 14 is controlled into its braking position, so that the weft thread is deflected and deflected and braked by friction. This results in a first voltage rise b and a second voltage rise C, which coincides in time with the voltage peak P. Then the tension drops before a small significant drop in tension d represents the cutting of the weft and finally a rise in tension e represents the striking by the reed.
  • the time for an insertion process is plotted on the horizontal axis, while the vertical axis indicates the tension in the weft in the upward direction. On the lower horizontal time axis in FIG.
  • the continuity signals No. 1-7 of the continuity sensor 10, for example occurring during an entry process can be seen.
  • the voltage peak P would occur without braking during each entry process in a fixed time assignment to a continuity signal, for example to continuity signal No. 7.
  • the activation of the entry brake 14 is therefore related to the continuity signals in order to enable the control device 12 to change the entry brake in a timely manner.
  • Curve B represents the reversal of the entry brake 14 over a predetermined period of time and at an angle of, for example, 30 °.
  • the dashed front part of curve B illustrates the response time R of the entry brake 14. In order to control the entry brake 14 over the area represented by the solid curve B, the brake must be activated at time ta after the passage signal No. 4.
  • the dash-dotted and the solid curve B superimposed curve shows that the entry brake 14 can also be varied in its control, for example stair-like, in order to initially produce an abrupt and high braking with strong deflection and deflection of the weft thread, and subsequently the deflection and Take back deflection somewhat and also release weft thread stored in the entry brake 14 in order to counteract an unwanted increase in tension in the weft thread and to have the weft thread properly stretched in the compartment, the stretching being effected by the last auxiliary nozzles 4 which are then still activated.
  • the time ta is determined by the control device 12 after the passage signal 4 has occurred waited before the entry brake 14 is activated.
  • the solid curve C represents, for example, control of the entry brake 14 beyond the rest position in the other direction, e.g. to activate (which will be explained later) a threading nozzle for automatically threading a weft thread or a nozzle of the insertion brake.
  • the entry brake 14 has a base body 18 on which a stationary deflection point 19 is formed by a thread eyelet.
  • a stationary deflection point 19 is formed by a thread eyelet.
  • two spaced stationary deflection elements 20 and 21 are attached to the base body 18 in the form of a pin.
  • a carrier 25 for two movable brake elements 26 and 27 can be pivoted on the base body about a vertical adjusting axis 22.
  • the carrier 25 is designed as a lever and is connected via a connecting shaft 23 to a drive motor 24 arranged below the base body 28.
  • the drive motor 24 is a fast responding stepper or DC motor, suitably with a resolver.
  • a total of six deflection points are provided for the weft thread, a total deflection angle of up to 700 ° being expediently achieved.
  • the two stationary deflection elements 19 and 19 'formed by thread eyelets are provided on the base body 18 in the weft path.
  • Two inner stationary deflection points 20 and 21 are formed on a tube 28 which is held coaxially to the thread path with a base body part 38.
  • the movable brake elements 26 and 27 are mounted on their lever-like carrier 25 and can be pivoted with the latter about the central actuating axis 22.
  • 4A represents the rest position from which the carrier 25 can be reversed counterclockwise by means of the drive 24 via the connecting shaft 23 in order to deflect and brake the weft thread.
  • the two movable brake elements 26, 27 move across the weft path from opposite sides between the inner stationary deflection elements 20 and 21 and the outer stationary deflection elements 19 and 19 '.
  • Threading nozzle 29 is arranged, which contains a funnel-shaped inlet 30 for the weft thread and a nozzle arrangement 31, only indicated by broken lines, with which compressed air can be guided from the pressure source 34 through the entry brake and the pipe 28.
  • the threading nozzle 29 is used for the automatic threading of the weft thread after a thread break or for the first threading.
  • the threading nozzle 29 is connected via a line 32 to a switching valve 33 which can be switched back and forth between a through position and a shut-off position by means of a switching magnet 35 and in the through position connects the pressure source 34 to the threading nozzle 29.
  • the magnet 35 is connected via a line 36 to a switch 37 which is arranged in the movement area, for example of the carrier 25, on the entry brake 14 or at the latter. If the carrier 25 (according to curve C in FIG. 29) is reversed clockwise from the rest position by a certain amount, the switch 37 is closed and the switching valve 33 is switched to its open position. This switching process can be initiated via the control device as soon as The tube 28 supports correct flow guidance when threading in the weft thread, and the switching valve 33 could also be actuated directly by the carrier 25. If it is designed as a control valve, the throughput of the nozzle 29 can be steplessly or modulate in stages by means of the drive motor 24.
  • the tube 28 can be designed as a secondary stationary main nozzle for threading and / or for deliberately moving the weft thread and can be actuated by the corresponding control of the drive motor 24 if the entry brake does not brake and into one or more corresponding positions are controlled in which the weft is not deflected.
  • the movable brake elements 26, 27 of the insertion brake 14 can be moved linearly between the stationary deflection elements 19, 20, 21 in order to deflect and deflect and brake the weft Y.
  • the braking elements 26, 27 are located on the carrier 25, which is controlled via a slide 39 by the drive motor 24 'designed as a linear motor.
  • the drive motor 24 ' is expediently a stepper motor or a DC motor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)

Abstract

Un métier mécanique à tuyères comprend un frein d'insertion du fil de trame avec au moins un élément de freinage mobile à travers le trajet du fil de trame entre une position de repos d'un côté du fil de trame et une position de freinage. Un moteur électrique d'entraînement relié à l'élément de freinage peut être actionné pendant chaque processus d'insertion et est raccordé à un agencement électronique de commande. En tant que moteur d'entraînement, on utilise un moteur pas à pas ou un moteur à courant continu à réponse rapide dont la direction de déplacement peut être commutée et la course peut être individuellement réglée dans toutes les positions de l'élément de freinage pendant les processus d'insertion. L'agencement de commande comprend une partie de programmation avec un programme modifiable entre des processus individuels d'insertion à des fins d'adaptation du moment, de la course et de la direction de commande du moteur d'entraînement. Une liaison forcée inélastique dans toutes les directions de déplacement s'étend entre le moteur d'entraînement et l'élément de freinage. La force exercée par le moteur d'entraînement sur l'élément de freinage est supérieure à la plus grande force de réaction possible du fil de trame dévié. Afin de déplacer l'élément de freinage, un tel frein d'insertion comprend un moteur pas à pas ou à courant continu à réponse rapide qui peut être commandé par une partie de programmation d'un agencement de commande en fonction d'un programme modifiable à des fins d'adaptation des processus d'insertion.
EP92919923A 1991-09-23 1992-09-23 Metier mecanique et frein d'insertion pour metiers mecaniques Expired - Lifetime EP0605531B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4131652 1991-09-23
DE4131652A DE4131652A1 (de) 1991-09-23 1991-09-23 Webmaschine und eintragbremse fuer webmaschinen
PCT/EP1992/002204 WO1993006279A2 (fr) 1991-09-23 1992-09-23 Metier mecanique et frein d'insertion pour metiers mecaniques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0605531A1 true EP0605531A1 (fr) 1994-07-13
EP0605531B1 EP0605531B1 (fr) 1996-05-15

Family

ID=6441286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92919923A Expired - Lifetime EP0605531B1 (fr) 1991-09-23 1992-09-23 Metier mecanique et frein d'insertion pour metiers mecaniques

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5417251A (fr)
EP (1) EP0605531B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07502079A (fr)
KR (1) KR100283311B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1036936C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ283258B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4131652A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993006279A2 (fr)

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IT1283381B1 (it) * 1996-07-31 1998-04-17 Roj Electrotex Nuova Srl Procedimento per controllare l'inserimento del filo di trama in un telaio di tessitura.
IT1284778B1 (it) * 1996-09-03 1998-05-21 Lgl Electronics Spa Freno di trama perfezionato, particolarmente per telai ad aria
DE19755160A1 (de) * 1997-12-11 1999-06-17 Iro Ab Speichervorrichtung
DE19858682A1 (de) * 1998-12-18 2000-06-21 Iro Patent Ag Baar Fadenverarbeitungssystem und Verfahren zum Liefern von Schußfäden
NL1011171C1 (nl) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-01 Te Strake Bv Weefmachine met een inlooprem.
IT1308066B1 (it) † 1999-06-01 2001-11-29 Lgl Electronics Spa Dispositivo di comando di frenatrama, particolarmente per telaidi tessitura e simili
SE520305C2 (sv) * 1999-12-08 2003-06-24 Texo Ab Bromsanordning för ett antal frammatningsbara trådar eller garn i eller till textilmaskin
DE10013625A1 (de) * 2000-03-18 2001-09-27 Dornier Gmbh Lindauer Fadenbremse, insbesondere Schussfadenbremse für Webmaschinen
SE0002813D0 (sv) * 2000-08-02 2000-08-02 Iro Patent Ag Schussfaden-Umlenkbremse und Verfahren zum Steuern des Schussfaden-Eintrags in eine Webmaschine
EP1258550B1 (fr) * 2001-05-11 2006-07-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Dispositif de contrôle de l'insertion de trame dans un métier à jet
US7543610B2 (en) * 2006-06-16 2009-06-09 Sultex Ag Thread clamp for a rapier head
FR2864555B1 (fr) * 2003-12-24 2006-01-27 Staubli Lyon Procede de controle de la tension d'alimentation d'au moins un fil de trame, dispositif d'alimentation en fil de trame et metier a tisser equipe d'un tel dispositif
DE10361773A1 (de) * 2003-12-31 2005-07-28 Iro Ab Fadenbremse
EP1811068B1 (fr) * 2006-01-24 2009-06-17 Sultex AG Frein de trame avec commande
WO2009025803A1 (fr) 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Kevin Kremeyer Systèmes de dépôt d'énergie, équipement et procédés permettant de modifier et de commander des ondes de choc et un écoulement supersonique
US10669653B2 (en) * 2015-06-18 2020-06-02 Kevin Kremeyer Directed energy deposition to facilitate high speed applications
SE1650986A1 (en) * 2016-07-06 2018-01-07 Iro Ab Weft yarn feeding arrangement with motor drive
EP3867431A4 (fr) * 2018-10-18 2021-12-01 Vandewiele Sweden AB Dispositif d'alimentation en fil avec procédure d'apprentissage
JP2020111853A (ja) * 2019-01-15 2020-07-27 株式会社豊田自動織機 エアジェット織機の緯入れ装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1993006279A3 (fr) 1993-05-13
DE59206323D1 (de) 1996-06-20
WO1993006279A2 (fr) 1993-04-01
CZ64994A3 (en) 1994-08-17
JPH07502079A (ja) 1995-03-02
DE4131652A1 (de) 1993-04-01
CN1036936C (zh) 1998-01-07
CN1082126A (zh) 1994-02-16
KR100283311B1 (ko) 2001-03-02
US5417251A (en) 1995-05-23
CZ283258B6 (cs) 1998-02-18
EP0605531B1 (fr) 1996-05-15

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