EP0598306B1 - Déchiqueteur en particulier pour déchets ménagers et débris de jardin - Google Patents

Déchiqueteur en particulier pour déchets ménagers et débris de jardin Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0598306B1
EP0598306B1 EP93118108A EP93118108A EP0598306B1 EP 0598306 B1 EP0598306 B1 EP 0598306B1 EP 93118108 A EP93118108 A EP 93118108A EP 93118108 A EP93118108 A EP 93118108A EP 0598306 B1 EP0598306 B1 EP 0598306B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
shredder according
side wall
shredder
cutter blades
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93118108A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0598306A3 (en
EP0598306A2 (fr
Inventor
Adolf Telsnig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0598306A2 publication Critical patent/EP0598306A2/fr
Publication of EP0598306A3 publication Critical patent/EP0598306A3/de
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Publication of EP0598306B1 publication Critical patent/EP0598306B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/12—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged below container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
    • B02C2201/066—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage for garden waste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chopper of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • This type of chopper is available in numerous embodiments (e.g. DE 36 12 997 A1). As far as they are used in the home and garden, many variants are inexpensive, but also often unsatisfactory in terms of cutting performance and susceptibility to failure, e.g. against jamming or constipation. On the other hand, if the choppers are sufficiently insensitive to faults and powerful, they are also comparatively expensive and therefore more suitable for municipal purposes or the like than for the home and garden.
  • a chopper of the type described at the outset has become known (DE 32 17 433 C2), which has a frustoconical rotor.
  • this chopper tends to tend, especially when using soft or moist, e.g. Waste materials containing leaves or grass, for jamming or clogging, especially in the area of the radial gap between the outer, lower edge section of the rotor and the surrounding housing wall.
  • soft or moist e.g. Waste materials containing leaves or grass
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, the chopper of the aforementioned Train genus so that it is immune to interference and powerful, but still inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the invention has the advantage that the funnel shape of the rotor, in conjunction with the cutting knives and passage gaps attached to its inside, enables a very effective treatment of the waste material.
  • the waste material is collected in the funnel, pressed outwards against the side wall by the centrifugal forces generated and crushed by the cutting knives and conveyed out through the passage gap, where it reaches an ejection chute.
  • the geometry of the passage gaps and cutting knives can be changed in many ways and can always be selected in such a way that a high cutting performance is obtained. Congestion and the associated jamming or blockages are hardly possible.
  • the waste material is repeatedly thrown radially outwards and upwards until it is completely comminuted and reflected on the surrounding housing walls towards the central axis, so that a constant circulation takes place and the material to be comminuted is repeated again and again reaches the area of the cutting knives and passage gaps until it is sufficiently comminuted and discharged through the passage gaps.
  • the centrifugal forces and gravity generated during operation are optimally used.
  • the chopper according to the invention is supported on a frame 1, on which rollers are rotatably fastened, in order to be able to transport the chopper comfortably when the frame 1 is inclined.
  • the frame 1 carries e.g. hollow cylindrical housing 3, at the upper end of which a loading shaft 4 with a hopper 5 is arranged.
  • the housing 3 On its underside, the housing 3 is provided with a preferably circular support plate 6 which assumes a substantially horizontal position when the chopper is in use and from which an essentially cylindrical section 7 of the housing 3 protrudes upwards. In this section 7, a radially outwardly leading ejection opening is provided, to which an ejection chute 8 or the like can be connected for the comminuted material.
  • a rotary drive 9 preferably designed as an electric or internal combustion engine, which is switched on or off by means of a switch 10 and with its essentially vertically arranged drive shaft 11 upwards through a bore formed in the support plate 6 protrudes.
  • Rotor 11 rotatably mounted, which is funnel-shaped.
  • the rotor 11 consists of an upwardly open pot with a base part 13 which has a smaller diameter than the support plate 6 and how it has a circular cross section.
  • a protruding and upwardly and outwardly projecting lateral surface or side wall 14 protrudes from this base part 13, which is arranged coaxially to section 7 of housing 3 and is only spaced apart from section 7 by a narrow annular gap with an upper, outer edge section.
  • Below the side wall 14, the section 7 and the support plate 6 of the housing 3 form a substantially closed space 15, which is only open through the ejection opening to the ejection channel 8.
  • the bottom part 13 of the rotor 12 is provided with a central opening which is penetrated by the part of the drive shaft 11 which projects upwards above the support plate 6. This part is used for the rotationally fixed connection of the rotary drive 9 to the rotor 12.
  • the rotor 12 can be supported on a shoulder, not shown, of the drive shaft 11 and the attachment can be effected by means of a screw 16 which is screwed into an axial threaded bore of the drive shaft 11 and has a head supported on the top of the bottom part 13.
  • a central axis 17 of the chopper is preferably at the same time an axis of rotation about which the drive shaft 11 and thus also the rotor 12 rotate when the rotary drive 9 is switched on by means of the switch 10.
  • a plurality, for example two diametrically opposite passage gaps 18 are preferably formed in the side wall 14, which are arranged obliquely to the vertical central axis 17 of the chopper.
  • cutting knives 19 are fastened, for example with screws, which are preferably designed as planing knives and therefore have the trailing edges of the passage gaps 18 in the direction of rotation from the outstanding cutting edges 20.
  • the cutting knives 19 interact with an essentially wedge-shaped holding element 22, which is preferably fastened above the section 7 to the inner wall of the loading chute 3 and whose position relative to the rotor 12 is indicated schematically in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the holding element 22 protrudes into the funnel-shaped rotor 12 and preferably has a lower edge 23 (FIG. 5) which is parallel to the side wall 14 and at a short distance from one another and which extends radially from section 7, e.g. extends about half or a little more along the side wall 14 (FIG. 5). Therefore, the cutting knives 19, e.g. Fig. 6 shows, preferably sunk in radial pockets of the side wall 14 such that they can also pass under the lower edge 23.
  • the effect of the holding element 22 is, in particular, to prevent the material to be comminuted from rotating within the loading chute 4 and thereby to enable it to be comminuted quickly.
  • the holding element 22 serves, when the rotor 12 is rotated, to catch the material which has not yet been sufficiently comminuted and is thrown upwards and radially outwards by the side wall 14 and the cutting knives 19, so that it quickly falls back into the funnel-shaped rotor 12 due to its gravity.
  • a holding element 25 according to FIG. 7 has one with the same design of the chopper flat side surface 26, which forms a comparatively large angle ⁇ with the associated radius.
  • 8 shows a holding element 27, the side surface 28 facing the incoming cutting edges 20 of the cutting knives 19 is likewise essentially flat, but forms a substantially smaller angle ⁇ with the associated radius.
  • the chopping process can be further optimized by appropriate arrangement and design of the respective holding element.
  • a cutting e.g. cone-shaped, star-shaped or T-shaped shredder 29 (FIGS. 1, 4 and 5) is provided, which is effective in addition to the cutting knives 19 and e.g. can cause before shredding the waste material.
  • a cutting e.g. cone-shaped, star-shaped or T-shaped shredder 29 (FIGS. 1, 4 and 5) is provided, which is effective in addition to the cutting knives 19 and e.g. can cause before shredding the waste material.
  • the chopper described so far is preferably used for hedge and tree pruning with predominantly woody material, which is fed in when the rotor 12 is rotated via the hopper 5 and the feed chute 4.
  • a rotary drive 9 is used which, when the switch 10 is set accordingly, can also be rotated in the direction of an arrow w (FIG. 4), ie opposite to the arrow v .
  • the rotor 12 does not act on the waste material with its cutting knives 19, but with further cutting knives or bare cutting edges, which are formed, for example, on the edges 30 (FIG. 4) of the passage gaps 18 opposite the cutting knives 19.
  • the side wall 14 is provided on its radially outer side with a vertically upwardly extending, parallel to section 7 of the housing 3, cylindrical edge section 14a, so that this with the Section 7 forms an annular gap into which a lower end 4a of the feed chute 4 is inserted, as can be seen above all from FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • a hollow cylindrical loading chute 31 is provided, which is closed at its lower end by a support plate 32 arranged essentially horizontally during operation and has an ejection opening 34 opening into an ejection chute 33.
  • a funnel-shaped rotor 35 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 32 and is coupled to a rotary drive 36.
  • the rotor 35 like the rotor 12 according to FIGS. 1 to 6, is provided with a base part 37 and a side wall 38 which projects from it and extends obliquely upwards and outwards, which has passage gaps (not shown) and a cutting knife 39 on its inside.
  • a holding element 40 is designed according to one of the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 4, 7 or 8.
  • the bottom part 37 of the rotor 35 not only extends to the beginning of the side wall 38, but also extends to the cylindrical inner wall of the loading shaft 31.
  • Radial, rib-like drivers 42 are provided at intervals on the annular extension 41 formed in this way, which catches the shredded chopped material which passes through the passage gaps of the side wall 38 into a space 43 between the inner wall of the loading shaft 31 and the outside of the side wall 38 and transported to the discharge opening 34, where it is pushed into the discharge shaft 31 by the centrifugal force.
  • a cone 44 is provided, which has a raised, protruding spiral rib 45 in its conical surface, which automatically rotates in one direction when the rotor 35 rotates of the waste material.
  • provision could be made to optionally rotate the rotor 35 in opposite directions.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment with a number, size and angular inclination of cutting knives 46 and 47 which differ from FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • the cutting knife sections that at least partially cover the associated passage gaps 48 and 49 are shown in black. 10 also shows a view from the inside of part of the side wall of a rotor designed according to FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • Fig. 10 two superimposed rows of cutting knives 46 and 47 are provided, which, like the passage gaps 48, 49 assigned to them, are arranged obliquely to the generatrices of the funnel-shaped side wall such that their upper ends each track the lower ends when the rotor rotates.
  • the cutting knives 46, 47 and passage gaps 48, 49 each only extend over approximately half the height of the side wall of the rotor, while at the same time the cutting knives 47 and passage gaps 49 are positioned between the cutting knives 46 and passage gaps 48.
  • the engagement length of the cutting knives 46, 47 on the waste material is less, which favors a smooth, impact-free running of the engine.
  • three rows of cutting knives and passage gaps could also be provided, some of the cutting knives serving for one-way and the other part of the cutting knives for rotating the associated rotor in the opposite direction, and the planing knives also each being about could extend a third of the height of the associated side wall, possibly with a corresponding offset from row to row, so that the cutting blades do not come into effect when the rotor rotates, but one after the other.
  • the shapes and sizes of the funnel-shaped rotors can also be different.
  • passage gaps are preferred which are closed at both ends, so that closed side wall sections are obtained at their upper and lower ends, which ensure the required mechanical stability of the rotors or their side walls.
  • the size of the passage openings can be chosen larger or smaller depending on the shredding capacity required.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, which can be modified in many ways and used in any combinations other than those shown. This applies on the one hand to the number, size and inclination of the cutting knives or passage gaps, on the other hand to the distances of the cutting edges 20 or other cutting edges from the side wall that are set perpendicular to the associated side wall and define the cutting depth.
  • the cutting blades could also be arranged adjustably in the side walls to produce different distances.
  • the circumstances selected in the individual case are to be selected, in particular with regard to the desired cutting performance, smooth running of the rotor and the desired service life of the cutting knives, or to be adapted to the respective requirements, the presence of a single cutting knife or driver being sufficient for the mode of operation described .
  • the cutting edges e.g. easy to manufacture by the fact that the rotors are cast by metal and the front edges of the passage gaps perpendicular to the inner surface of the side wall are poured deeper or the rear edges are poured out correspondingly higher. It is also possible to choose any angle of inclination between 0 ° and 90 ° for the side walls 14.38 relative to the bottom part 13.37, whereby angle of inclination between 20 ° and 70 ° should be the most expedient. Furthermore, the design of the feed chute 4 or 31 and the type and attachment of a rotary drive for the rotor 12 or 35 can largely be chosen as desired. The same applies to the distances of the holding elements 22, 25, 27 and 40 from the side wall 14 and 38.
  • the axes of the passage gaps are preferably formed obliquely to the inside and outside of the side walls 14 and 38, that during rotation of the rotors 12 or 35 at high speeds (for example approx. 2800 or more rpm) results in a suction effect which pulls the separated chips outwards.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Hacheuse pour le hachage de déchets, en particulier de déchets domestiques et de jardin, comportant : un corps (3) ayant un orifice de remplissage et un orifice d'éjection pour les déchets, un rotor (12, 35) monté tournant dans ce corps (3) entre l'orifice de remplissage et l'orifice d'éjection, ayant un axe de rotation sensiblement vertical (17), joint à un dispositif moteur (9), et présentant sur son côté supérieur au moins un couteau (19, 39, 46, 47) et sur son côté inférieur au moins un entraîneur (21, 42) et au moins un interstice de passage (18, 48, 49), et au moins un élément de retenue (22, 25, 27, 40) pour les déchets qui coopère avec le rotor (12, 35), caractérisée par le fait que le rotor (12, 35) est en forme d'entonnoir et présente une paroi latérale (14, 38) qui est pourvue de l'interstice de passage (18, 48, 49) et du couteau (19, 39, 46, 47) et s'élargit sensiblement coniquement d'une partie fond centrale (13, 37), jointe au dispositif moteur (9), vers le haut et l'extérieur vers l'orifice de remplissage.
  2. Hacheuse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que le rotor (12) est pourvu de deux couteaux (19) diamétralement opposés.
  3. Hacheuse selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée par le fait qu'une partie de corps (7) entourant le rotor (12) est sensiblement cylindrique et le rotor (12) s'approche à une extrémité supérieure de sa paroi latérale (14) tout près de cette partie de corps (7).
  4. Hacheuse selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que dans un interstice restant dégagé entre la partie de corps (7) et l'extremité supérieure de la paroi latérale (14) s'engage une extrémité inférieure (4a) d'un puits de chargement (4) présentant l'orifice de remplissage.
  5. Hacheuse selon l'une des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisée par le fait que l'extrémité supérieure de la paroi latérale (14) présente une partie de bord cylindrique montante (14a) parallèle à la partie de corps.
  6. Hacheuse selon la revendication 5, caractérisée par le fait que les couteaux (19) sont placés radialement entre les parties fond (13) et la partie de bord (14a).
  7. Hacheuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée par le fait que les couteaux (19, 39, 46, 47) sont des fers de rabotage.
  8. Hacheuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée par le fait que la partie fond (37) est pourvue d'une rallonge (41) qui fait saillie radialement de la partie fond (37) vers l'extérieur et forme entre elle et la paroi latérale (38) du rotor (35) un espace (43) qui communique avec l'orifice d'éjection (34).
  9. Hacheuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée par le fait que les couteaux (19, 39, 46, 47) et les interstices de passage (18, 48, 49) sont inclinés par rapport aux génératrices de la paroi latérale.
  10. Hacheuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée par le fait qu'il est prévu un dispositif moteur pour la rotation du rotor (12, 35) dans des sens opposés.
  11. Hacheuse selon la revendication 10, caractérisée par le fait qu'il est prévu des couteaux pour un sens de rotation et pour l'autre.
  12. Hacheuse selon la revendication 11, caractérisée par le fait que les couteaux pour un des deux sens de rotation sont constitués seulement de tranchants.
  13. Hacheuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée par le fait que le rotor (12, 35) est pourvu en son centre d'un broyeur (29) servant au prébroyage ou d'un cône d'entrée (34).
  14. Hacheuse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée par le fait que les interstices de passage ont des axes qui s'étendent obliquement par rapport aux faces inférieures ou extérieures des parois latérales.
EP93118108A 1992-11-18 1993-11-09 Déchiqueteur en particulier pour déchets ménagers et débris de jardin Expired - Lifetime EP0598306B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9215679U 1992-11-18
DE9215679U DE9215679U1 (de) 1992-11-18 1992-11-18 Häcksler, insbesondere für Haus- und Gartenabfälle

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0598306A2 EP0598306A2 (fr) 1994-05-25
EP0598306A3 EP0598306A3 (en) 1994-06-15
EP0598306B1 true EP0598306B1 (fr) 1997-04-02

Family

ID=6886147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93118108A Expired - Lifetime EP0598306B1 (fr) 1992-11-18 1993-11-09 Déchiqueteur en particulier pour déchets ménagers et débris de jardin

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5413287A (fr)
EP (1) EP0598306B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE150985T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE9215679U1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111644240A (zh) * 2020-06-12 2020-09-11 柳州潜荣健康产业有限公司 一种调味品制作用原料粉碎装置

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI112185B (fi) * 1999-05-28 2003-11-14 Andritz Patentverwaltung Laite hakkeen ylisuuren jakeen pienentämiseksi
US6343754B1 (en) 1999-12-21 2002-02-05 Earl Ray Snow Chipper-shredder discharge capture system
WO2005105311A1 (fr) * 2004-04-26 2005-11-10 Emerson Electric Co. Ensemble broyeur distributeur de dechets alimentaires
US7431231B1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-10-07 Tong Myong Saiki Portable shredding device
SE536898C2 (sv) * 2012-10-31 2014-10-21 Diskomat Ab Anordning för att finfördela matavfall innefattande ben.
US9861366B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2018-01-09 Covidien Lp Ejecting assembly for a surgical stapler
CN110624655B (zh) * 2019-09-12 2022-01-18 湖南匡楚科技有限公司 一种双头谷物研磨装置
CN111632708A (zh) * 2020-06-23 2020-09-08 士商（湖州）精密技术有限公司 粉碎机
EP4023352A1 (fr) * 2020-12-07 2022-07-06 Ompeco S.r.l. Machine pour le traitement de déchets et procédé de stockage correspondant

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111644240A (zh) * 2020-06-12 2020-09-11 柳州潜荣健康产业有限公司 一种调味品制作用原料粉碎装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0598306A3 (en) 1994-06-15
EP0598306A2 (fr) 1994-05-25
DE9215679U1 (de) 1994-04-21
DE59306021D1 (de) 1997-05-07
US5413287A (en) 1995-05-09
ATE150985T1 (de) 1997-04-15

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