EP0089571B1 - Désintégrateur du bois - Google Patents

Désintégrateur du bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089571B1
EP0089571B1 EP83102391A EP83102391A EP0089571B1 EP 0089571 B1 EP0089571 B1 EP 0089571B1 EP 83102391 A EP83102391 A EP 83102391A EP 83102391 A EP83102391 A EP 83102391A EP 0089571 B1 EP0089571 B1 EP 0089571B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
shaft
rotor
wood
comb
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83102391A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0089571A3 (en
EP0089571A2 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Silberbauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority to AT83102391T priority Critical patent/ATE25347T1/de
Publication of EP0089571A2 publication Critical patent/EP0089571A2/fr
Publication of EP0089571A3 publication Critical patent/EP0089571A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0089571B1 publication Critical patent/EP0089571B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for comminuting small wood with a housing having a feed chute and an ejection chute, in which a rotor is mounted, on which two circular disks are fastened at an axial distance from one another, the first of which at least one chopping knife projecting axially beyond the disk plane carries, in the vicinity of which an opening for the passage of the shredded wood is worked into the space between the two disks, with radially arranged throwing vanes being fastened between the slides, the radially outer ends of which are provided with teeth like a comb, between which grip bars of a breaking comb attached to the cylindrical inside of the housing shell during the rotor revolution.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a device of the type described at the outset in such a way that problem-free comminution of the supplied small wood is achieved.
  • blow bars extend axially parallel and in the direction of rotation of the rotor behind the ejection chute are attached to the inside of the housing, which run obliquely to the axial direction in such a way that their free ends facing the center of the housing are closer to and through the rotor axis in the direction of rotation in front of these ends lie as their opposite ends, which extend to the adjacent housing wall facing the cleaver.
  • the pieces of wood that have not yet been sufficiently shredded are directed in their additional rotation in the direction of rotation behind the chute by the oblique blow bars after they have been shredded by the axially parallel blow bars into the space between the two disks, from which they can then exit through the passage opening after the additional circulation has ended .
  • the width of the tine of the spreader vanes opposite the blow bars essentially corresponds to the length of the blow bars. In this area it is in fact not necessary for several tines to be arranged next to one another.
  • the unshredded pieces of wood that get into the space between the two disks in the manner described are taken away by the throwing vanes in this way and shredded on the cutting blades; during the short turning step, which corresponds to the distance between these cutting knives and the breaking comb, the shredded pieces of wood are moved by swirling movements and the like, so that they are shredded again by the subsequent breaking comb.
  • the upper part of the housing which has the discharge chute, can be pivoted about a horizontal axis.
  • the feed chute is arranged in two mutually perpendicular longitudinal section planes containing the rotor axis at an angle to the axis of rotation in such a way that its central axis is at an acute angle a against the The direction of rotation of the rotor is inclined and is inclined towards the disc at an acute angle ⁇ .
  • Optimal cutting is achieved when the angle a is approximately 40 ° and the angle ⁇ is approximately 15 °, because then the optimal cutting angle of 45 ° is reached and at the same time the contact of the wood to be shredded on the cutting edges is improved.
  • a further improvement can be achieved in that the feed shaft is rectangular in cross section and is attached to the housing in such a rotated manner that its front side wall in the direction of rotation of the rotor is inclined at an acute angle y to the vertical.
  • the angle y is preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.
  • a corner of the feed chute is lower than the other corners, so that the wood runs into this corner by itself and is already aligned in the correct direction and is gripped by the rotor.
  • the intake shaft is attached to the housing in an adjustable manner with its inclination angles.
  • the free end of the feed chute has a filling funnel, which is arranged around a top of the feed chute
  • the essential horizontal axis is pivotable. To feed entire branches and trunks, the hopper is pivoted downwards while it is pivoted upwards, so that its filling opening points upwards when roughly chopped wood is to be input.
  • two opposing feed rollers are mounted in the feed shaft, the distance between them being adjustable and one of which can be driven.
  • the feed roller which is arranged lower in the feed shaft, is preferably partially covered by stationary scraper plates.
  • the device for crushing small wood 1 shown in the figures is a so-called disc chopper 2.
  • This essentially consists of a frame 3 and a housing 4 with a rotor shaft 5 mounted therein.
  • the frame 3 has fastening elements 6 for an attachment (not shown here) and takes over the bearing of the horizontally aligned rotor shaft 5.
  • the housing 4 consists of a housing wall 7 facing the frame 3, an opposite housing wall 8 and a cylindrical housing shell 9.
  • the housing shell 9 is fastened to the frame 3 in such a way that the rotor shaft 5 and the cylinder axis of the housing 4 are coaxial.
  • an intake shaft 10 opens into the lower region of the housing 4, while an ejection shaft 11 extends from the upper region of the cylindrical housing shell 9.
  • Both the feed chute 10 and the chute 11 have a rectangular cross section, the chute 11 opening into the housing 3 from above in the tangential direction across the width of the housing 4.
  • the disc chopper 2 has a rotor 12 fastened on the rotor shaft 5, which essentially consists of a flat guide surface 13, a first disc 14 and a second disc 15.
  • the guide surface 13 and the two slides 14 and 15 are arranged parallel to each other and circular.
  • the two disks 14 and 15, which extend into the vicinity of the inside of the cylindrical housing shell 9, are firmly attached to the rotor shaft 5 at an axial distance from one another.
  • the flat guide surface 13 is also circular, but is axially displaceably mounted on the rotor shaft 5 so that its distance from the adjacent disk 14 can be adjusted.
  • two chopping knives 16 are offset by 180 so that their approximately radially extending cutting edge 17 projects axially beyond the plane of the disk and through a recess 18 in the guide surface 13 into the space between it and the opposite one Housing wall 8 protrudes.
  • the cleaver 16 is fastened by means of screws 19 to the first disc, which has a passage opening 20 in the area in front of the cutting edge 17.
  • the recess 18 and the passage opening 20 thus establish a connection between the space 21 between the two disks 14 and 15 and the space 22 between the first disk 14 and the opposite housing wall 8.
  • Radially arranged throwing vanes 23 are fastened between the two disks 14 and 15.
  • the radially outer ends of the throwing vanes 23 are comb-like and thus have tines 24 between which strips 25 can engage, which are part of a breaking comb 26 which is fastened to the inside of the cylindrical housing shell 9.
  • the discharge chute 11 has a passage opening 27 only in the area 21 between the two disks 14 and 15, which extend into the vicinity of the cylindrical inside of the housing shell 9; in the area above room 22, i.e. approximately from the first disc 14 to the housing wall 8, the chute 11 is covered by a baffle wall 28 which is designed as a continuation of the cylindrical housing shell 9.
  • blow bars 29 are attached, which extend axially parallel and radially to close to the circle described by the tips of the throwing vanes 23.
  • one prong 24 ' is provided on each throwing blade 23, the width of which thus essentially corresponds to the length of the blow bars 29.
  • blow bars 31 are fastened to the inside of the housing behind the chute. These blow bars 31 run obliquely to the axial direction such that their free ends 32 facing the center of the housing are closer to a radial plane 33 which runs through the rotor axis and is in the direction of rotation 30 in front of these ends 32 than their opposite ends which extend as far as the adjacent housing wall 8 .
  • FIG. 4 also shows, the strips 25 of the breaking comb 26, which engage between the prongs 24 of the throwing vanes 23, are only provided in the area of the passage opening 27 of the discharge chute 11.
  • the free ends of these strips 25 have teeth 34 directed radially inwards.
  • cutting knives 35 engage essentially radially between the prongs 24 of the throwing vanes 23.
  • the cutting knives 35 lie in the same planes as the strips 25 following in the direction of rotation Attached holder 37, which is attached to the outside of the housing shell 9, through slots (not shown) in the housing shell 9 they engage in the housing interior.
  • the upper part of the housing 4 which has the chute 11, is separated from the lower part (parting plane 38).
  • a swivel bracket 39 is attached to both housing walls 7 and 8 and is mounted in a swivel axis 40 arranged on the lower housing part.
  • the upper part of the housing 4 can be pivoted away from the lower part about this horizontal pivot axis 40.
  • the small wood 1 to be shredded is fed to the rotor 12 through the feed shaft 10.
  • the front end of the wood in the feed direction abuts against the guide surface 13 and is separated by the cutting edge 17 projecting axially from the recess 18.
  • the resulting chips 41 pass through the opening 20 in the first disk 14 in the direction of rotation 30 in front of the cutting edge 17 into the space 21 between the two disks 14 and 15.
  • the centrifugal force of the rotor 12 throws the chips 41 radially outwards, whereby they can be carried in the direction of rotation 30 by the spreader vanes 23.
  • the cut chips In the area of the passage opening 27 of the chute 11, the cut chips can reach the outside.
  • a blow pipe is expediently flanged to the discharge chute 11 and guides the chips 41 into a loading wagon.
  • strips 25 of the breaking comb 26 are also provided in the area of the passage opening 27, a further comminution takes place here.
  • the feed shaft 10 is arranged at an angle to this in two longitudinal sectional planes 42 and 43 which are perpendicular to one another and which contain the rotor axis.
  • the inclination is such that the central axis of the feed shaft 10, which is rectangular in cross section, is inclined at an acute angle a against the direction of rotation 30 and is inclined to the housing wall 8 - and thus to the guide surface 13 and the disk 14 carrying the chopping knives 16 - by an acute angle ⁇ (in FIG. 1 the projection ⁇ 'of ⁇ is shown).
  • the optimal values for a are approximately 40 ° and for ⁇ approximately 15 °.
  • This inclined arrangement of the feed shaft 10 ensures that the supplied small wood 1 is already fed to the rotor 12 in its direction of rotation, so that it pulls in the wood 1 without the action of external forces.
  • the angle is preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.
  • the feed shaft 10 can be adjustably attached to the housing 4 with its inclination angles.
  • the design and arrangement of the adjustment device can be chosen at will.
  • FIG. 6 shows that at the free end of the feed chute 10, a hopper 47 can be attached, which is pivotable about a horizontal axis 48 attached to the top of the feed chute 10.
  • the hopper 47 serves for feeding log 1 ', while in its swung-up position (47') it serves for feeding already chopped wood 1 ".
  • a perforated disc 49 is fastened to the feed shaft 10. By means of a reversing bolt, not shown, the free end of which engages in a bore in the filling funnel 47, this can be fixed in its horizontal, vertical or central position.
  • a transition piece 50 is mounted at the free end of the feed chute 10 by means of a pivot axis 51.
  • this transition piece 50 has a U-shape, the width of which corresponds to the width of the feed chute 10 and the hopper 47.
  • the transition piece 50 is also pivoted and locked on it.
  • the transition piece 50 can be pivoted manually, but a driving device can also be provided on the filling funnel 47.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 finally show that in the end region of the feed chute 10 two opposite feed rollers 52 and 53 are mounted standing with respect to the bottom 45 of the feed chute 10.
  • the feed roller 52 is driven by a hydraulic motor 54, while the opposite feed roller 53 is pivotable on an arc 55 so that the distance between the two feed rollers is variable.
  • the feed roller 53 is expediently pivotable away from the feed roller 52 against a spring, so that the distance between the two feed rollers automatically adapts to the thickness of the small wood being fed.
  • the feed roller 52 is largely covered by two fixed scraper plates 56 in order to prevent foreign bodies from getting stuck between the feed roller and the walls of the feed shaft 10.
  • the feed shaft 10 is provided in the lower region of the housing 4 of a disc chopper 2.
  • the inclination ratios of the feed shaft 10 relative to the housing 4 are corresponding if the latter opens into the housing 4 in the upper region.
  • the angle of inclination of the feed shaft 10 must be varied so that the supply of the small wood to the chopping knives takes place on the circumferential side of the rotor in such a way that the latter essentially pulls the wood along with its feed device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Claims (16)

1. Dispositif pour broyer du bois tendre (1), muni d'un boîtier (4) présentant un couloir d'enfournement (10) et un couloir d'éjection (11) et dans lequel est monté un rotor sur lequel sont fixés, à distance axiale l'un de l'autre, deux disques circulaires (14,15) dont le premier porte au moins une lame hacheuse (16) dépassant axialement au-delà du plan (13) des disques et à proximité de laquelle le premier disque (14) présente une ouverture (20) pour le passage traversant du bois broyé dans l'espace entre les deux disques, des ailettes projeteuses (23) disposées sensiblement radialement étant fixées entre les disques, ailettes dont les extrémités radialement externes sont pourvues, à la manière d'un peigne, de dents (24) entre lesquelles, au cours de la rotation du rotor, s'engagent des barrettes (25) d'un peigne broyeur (26) installé à la face interne cylindrique de l'enveloppe du boîtier, caractérisé par le fait que le couloir d'éjection (11) présente, seulement dans la région (21) située entre les deux disques (14,15) s'étendant jusqu'à proximité de la face interne cylindrique de l'enveloppe (9) du boîtier, un orifice (27) de passage traversant pour le bois broyé (41), tandis que, dans la région située axialement devant le premier disque (14), il est recouvert par une paroi de chicane réalisée en tant que prolongement de l'enveloppe cylindrique (9) du boîtier; par le fait que les barrettes (25) du peigne broyeur (26) qui s'engagent entre les dents (24) des ailettes projeteuses (23) sont prévues seulement au voisinage de l'orifice de passage traversant (27) du couloir d'éjection (11); et par le fait que les extrémités libres des barrettes (25) du peigne broyeur (26) comportent des dents de scie (34).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la paroi de chicane (28) présente, à sa face interne, des battoirs (29) s'étendant radialement jusqu'à proximité de la circonférence décrite par les pointes des ailettes projeteuses (23).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que les battoirs (29) s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe; et par le fait que d'autres battoirs (31), implantés à la face interne du boîtier derrière le couloir d'éjection (11) dans la direction de rotation (30) du rotor (12), s'étendent à l'oblique par rapport au sens axial, de telle sorte que leurs extrémités libres (32) dirigées vers le centre du boîtier soient plus rapprochées d'un plan radial (33), passant par l'axe du rotor avant ces extrémités (32) dans la direction de rotation (30), que leurs extrémités opposées s'étendant jusqu'à la paroi voisine (8) du boîtier, tournée vers la lame hacheuse (16).
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la largeur de la dent (24') des ailettes projeteuses (23) opposée aux battoirs (29) correspond, pour l'essentiel, à la longueur de ces battoirs (29).
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que des lames de coupe (35) s'engagent sensiblement dans le sens radial entre les dents (24) des ailettes projeteuses (23), à distance du peigne broyeur (26) et avant ce dernier dans la direction de rotation (30) du rotor (12).
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les lames de coupe (35) se trouvent dans les mêmes plans que les barrettes (25) successives dans la direction de rotation.
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la partie supérieure du boîtier (4), présentant le couloir d'éjection (11), peut accomplir des pivotements autour d'un axe horizontal (40).
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le couloir d'enfournement (10) est agencé en décrivant un angle par rapport au plan de rotation, selon deux plans de coupe longitudinale (42,43) qui sont mutuellement perpendiculaires et renferment l'axe du rotor, de telle sorte que son axe médian soit incliné d'un angle aigu (a) à l'opposé de la direction de rotation (30) du rotor (12), et accuse une pente descendante d'un angle aigu (ß) en direction du disque (14).
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que le couloir d'enfournement (10) est réalisé de section rectangulaire, et est fixé au boîtier avec un décalage tel que sa paroi latérale (44), antérieure dans la direction de rotation (30) du rotor (12), soit inclinée d'un angle aigu (y) par rapport à la verticale (42).
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'angle (a) et l'angle (ß) mesurent environ 40° et environ 15°.
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'angle (y) mesure environ de 5° à 10°.
12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que le couloir d'enfournement (10) est fixé au boîtier (4) avec faculté de réglage de ses angles d'inclinaison.
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que l'extrémité libre du couloir d'enfournement (10) présente un entonnoir de déversement (47) pouvant pivoter autour d'un axe sensiblement horizontal (48) installé à la face supérieure du couloir d'enfournement (10).
14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que, lorsque l'entonnoir de déversement (47') est relevé par pivotement, le coin situé entre son extrémité inférieure et l'extrémité libre du couloir d'enfournement (10) est coiffé par une pièce pivotante de transition (50), sensiblement configurée en U.
15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que deux cylindres d'enfournement (52, 53) mutuellement opposés sont montés dans le couloir d'enfournement (10), verticalement par rapport à son fond (45), cylindres dont l'espacement mutuel peut être régle, et dont l'un (52) peut être entraîné.
16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que le cylindre d'enfournement (52) occupant une position plus profonde dans le couloir d'enfournement (10) est partiellement recouvert par des tôles fixes de raclement (56).
EP83102391A 1982-03-24 1983-03-11 Désintégrateur du bois Expired EP0089571B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83102391T ATE25347T1 (de) 1982-03-24 1983-03-11 Vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von schwachholz.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823210840 DE3210840A1 (de) 1982-03-24 1982-03-24 Vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von schwachholz
DE3210840 1982-03-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0089571A2 EP0089571A2 (fr) 1983-09-28
EP0089571A3 EP0089571A3 (en) 1985-01-09
EP0089571B1 true EP0089571B1 (fr) 1987-02-04

Family

ID=6159187

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83102391A Expired EP0089571B1 (fr) 1982-03-24 1983-03-11 Désintégrateur du bois

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0089571B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE25347T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3210840A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI88371B (fi) * 1991-11-11 1993-01-29 Sunds Defibrator Rauma Woodhan Foerfarande foer att mata avlaonga traestycken i en skivhugg och skivhugg
DE102013202454B4 (de) 2013-02-14 2015-02-05 Technische Universität Dresden Vorrichtung zum Homogenisieren von Holzhackschnitzeln
CZ2016664A3 (cs) * 2016-10-25 2017-11-22 Laski, S.R.O. Řezací ústrojí kotoučového štěpkovače

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE51367C (de) * Dr. L. WEITZ in Hamburg, Billhörner Kanalstr. 22—24 Schräg stehende Lade für Holzraspelmaschinen
US1423867A (en) * 1921-12-27 1922-07-25 Mitts & Merrill Cutting machine
DE526145C (de) * 1929-12-02 1931-06-02 Wigger & Co Heinrich Holzhackmaschine mit kastenfoermiger Zufuehrungsrinne
CH301063A (de) * 1953-12-08 1954-08-31 Studer Adolf Zerkleinerungsmaschine.
DE1202471B (de) * 1963-05-09 1965-10-07 Maier Kg Maschf B Vorrichtung zum Zufuehren von flachen Holz-abfaellen od. dgl. fuer Zerkleinerungsmaschinen
US3415297A (en) * 1966-06-20 1968-12-10 Lewis M. Yock Machine for chipping core logs and veneer
US3410495A (en) * 1966-07-22 1968-11-12 Beloit Corp Wood chipper
DE1561622A1 (de) * 1967-11-18 1970-04-02 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Scheibenhacker mit Nachzerkleinerung
US3817462A (en) * 1972-07-17 1974-06-18 Mtd Prod Inc Shredder
CA967458A (en) * 1972-09-05 1975-05-13 Nicholson Murdie Machines Ltd. Overhung disk chipper
US3841571A (en) * 1973-05-07 1974-10-15 Roper Corp Safety guard arrangement for shredder-bagger
CA1077811A (fr) * 1976-04-15 1980-05-20 Domtar Inc. Dechiqueteuse a dispositif separateur de debris

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3369655D1 (en) 1987-03-12
EP0089571A3 (en) 1985-01-09
EP0089571A2 (fr) 1983-09-28
ATE25347T1 (de) 1987-02-15
DE3210840A1 (de) 1983-10-06

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