EP0089571B1 - Wood disintegrating device - Google Patents

Wood disintegrating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089571B1
EP0089571B1 EP83102391A EP83102391A EP0089571B1 EP 0089571 B1 EP0089571 B1 EP 0089571B1 EP 83102391 A EP83102391 A EP 83102391A EP 83102391 A EP83102391 A EP 83102391A EP 0089571 B1 EP0089571 B1 EP 0089571B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
shaft
rotor
wood
comb
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83102391A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0089571A2 (en
EP0089571A3 (en
Inventor
Herbert Silberbauer
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Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Application filed by Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority to AT83102391T priority Critical patent/ATE25347T1/en
Publication of EP0089571A2 publication Critical patent/EP0089571A2/en
Publication of EP0089571A3 publication Critical patent/EP0089571A3/en
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Publication of EP0089571B1 publication Critical patent/EP0089571B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for comminuting small wood with a housing having a feed chute and an ejection chute, in which a rotor is mounted, on which two circular disks are fastened at an axial distance from one another, the first of which at least one chopping knife projecting axially beyond the disk plane carries, in the vicinity of which an opening for the passage of the shredded wood is worked into the space between the two disks, with radially arranged throwing vanes being fastened between the slides, the radially outer ends of which are provided with teeth like a comb, between which grip bars of a breaking comb attached to the cylindrical inside of the housing shell during the rotor revolution.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a device of the type described at the outset in such a way that problem-free comminution of the supplied small wood is achieved.
  • blow bars extend axially parallel and in the direction of rotation of the rotor behind the ejection chute are attached to the inside of the housing, which run obliquely to the axial direction in such a way that their free ends facing the center of the housing are closer to and through the rotor axis in the direction of rotation in front of these ends lie as their opposite ends, which extend to the adjacent housing wall facing the cleaver.
  • the pieces of wood that have not yet been sufficiently shredded are directed in their additional rotation in the direction of rotation behind the chute by the oblique blow bars after they have been shredded by the axially parallel blow bars into the space between the two disks, from which they can then exit through the passage opening after the additional circulation has ended .
  • the width of the tine of the spreader vanes opposite the blow bars essentially corresponds to the length of the blow bars. In this area it is in fact not necessary for several tines to be arranged next to one another.
  • the unshredded pieces of wood that get into the space between the two disks in the manner described are taken away by the throwing vanes in this way and shredded on the cutting blades; during the short turning step, which corresponds to the distance between these cutting knives and the breaking comb, the shredded pieces of wood are moved by swirling movements and the like, so that they are shredded again by the subsequent breaking comb.
  • the upper part of the housing which has the discharge chute, can be pivoted about a horizontal axis.
  • the feed chute is arranged in two mutually perpendicular longitudinal section planes containing the rotor axis at an angle to the axis of rotation in such a way that its central axis is at an acute angle a against the The direction of rotation of the rotor is inclined and is inclined towards the disc at an acute angle ⁇ .
  • Optimal cutting is achieved when the angle a is approximately 40 ° and the angle ⁇ is approximately 15 °, because then the optimal cutting angle of 45 ° is reached and at the same time the contact of the wood to be shredded on the cutting edges is improved.
  • a further improvement can be achieved in that the feed shaft is rectangular in cross section and is attached to the housing in such a rotated manner that its front side wall in the direction of rotation of the rotor is inclined at an acute angle y to the vertical.
  • the angle y is preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.
  • a corner of the feed chute is lower than the other corners, so that the wood runs into this corner by itself and is already aligned in the correct direction and is gripped by the rotor.
  • the intake shaft is attached to the housing in an adjustable manner with its inclination angles.
  • the free end of the feed chute has a filling funnel, which is arranged around a top of the feed chute
  • the essential horizontal axis is pivotable. To feed entire branches and trunks, the hopper is pivoted downwards while it is pivoted upwards, so that its filling opening points upwards when roughly chopped wood is to be input.
  • two opposing feed rollers are mounted in the feed shaft, the distance between them being adjustable and one of which can be driven.
  • the feed roller which is arranged lower in the feed shaft, is preferably partially covered by stationary scraper plates.
  • the device for crushing small wood 1 shown in the figures is a so-called disc chopper 2.
  • This essentially consists of a frame 3 and a housing 4 with a rotor shaft 5 mounted therein.
  • the frame 3 has fastening elements 6 for an attachment (not shown here) and takes over the bearing of the horizontally aligned rotor shaft 5.
  • the housing 4 consists of a housing wall 7 facing the frame 3, an opposite housing wall 8 and a cylindrical housing shell 9.
  • the housing shell 9 is fastened to the frame 3 in such a way that the rotor shaft 5 and the cylinder axis of the housing 4 are coaxial.
  • an intake shaft 10 opens into the lower region of the housing 4, while an ejection shaft 11 extends from the upper region of the cylindrical housing shell 9.
  • Both the feed chute 10 and the chute 11 have a rectangular cross section, the chute 11 opening into the housing 3 from above in the tangential direction across the width of the housing 4.
  • the disc chopper 2 has a rotor 12 fastened on the rotor shaft 5, which essentially consists of a flat guide surface 13, a first disc 14 and a second disc 15.
  • the guide surface 13 and the two slides 14 and 15 are arranged parallel to each other and circular.
  • the two disks 14 and 15, which extend into the vicinity of the inside of the cylindrical housing shell 9, are firmly attached to the rotor shaft 5 at an axial distance from one another.
  • the flat guide surface 13 is also circular, but is axially displaceably mounted on the rotor shaft 5 so that its distance from the adjacent disk 14 can be adjusted.
  • two chopping knives 16 are offset by 180 so that their approximately radially extending cutting edge 17 projects axially beyond the plane of the disk and through a recess 18 in the guide surface 13 into the space between it and the opposite one Housing wall 8 protrudes.
  • the cleaver 16 is fastened by means of screws 19 to the first disc, which has a passage opening 20 in the area in front of the cutting edge 17.
  • the recess 18 and the passage opening 20 thus establish a connection between the space 21 between the two disks 14 and 15 and the space 22 between the first disk 14 and the opposite housing wall 8.
  • Radially arranged throwing vanes 23 are fastened between the two disks 14 and 15.
  • the radially outer ends of the throwing vanes 23 are comb-like and thus have tines 24 between which strips 25 can engage, which are part of a breaking comb 26 which is fastened to the inside of the cylindrical housing shell 9.
  • the discharge chute 11 has a passage opening 27 only in the area 21 between the two disks 14 and 15, which extend into the vicinity of the cylindrical inside of the housing shell 9; in the area above room 22, i.e. approximately from the first disc 14 to the housing wall 8, the chute 11 is covered by a baffle wall 28 which is designed as a continuation of the cylindrical housing shell 9.
  • blow bars 29 are attached, which extend axially parallel and radially to close to the circle described by the tips of the throwing vanes 23.
  • one prong 24 ' is provided on each throwing blade 23, the width of which thus essentially corresponds to the length of the blow bars 29.
  • blow bars 31 are fastened to the inside of the housing behind the chute. These blow bars 31 run obliquely to the axial direction such that their free ends 32 facing the center of the housing are closer to a radial plane 33 which runs through the rotor axis and is in the direction of rotation 30 in front of these ends 32 than their opposite ends which extend as far as the adjacent housing wall 8 .
  • FIG. 4 also shows, the strips 25 of the breaking comb 26, which engage between the prongs 24 of the throwing vanes 23, are only provided in the area of the passage opening 27 of the discharge chute 11.
  • the free ends of these strips 25 have teeth 34 directed radially inwards.
  • cutting knives 35 engage essentially radially between the prongs 24 of the throwing vanes 23.
  • the cutting knives 35 lie in the same planes as the strips 25 following in the direction of rotation Attached holder 37, which is attached to the outside of the housing shell 9, through slots (not shown) in the housing shell 9 they engage in the housing interior.
  • the upper part of the housing 4 which has the chute 11, is separated from the lower part (parting plane 38).
  • a swivel bracket 39 is attached to both housing walls 7 and 8 and is mounted in a swivel axis 40 arranged on the lower housing part.
  • the upper part of the housing 4 can be pivoted away from the lower part about this horizontal pivot axis 40.
  • the small wood 1 to be shredded is fed to the rotor 12 through the feed shaft 10.
  • the front end of the wood in the feed direction abuts against the guide surface 13 and is separated by the cutting edge 17 projecting axially from the recess 18.
  • the resulting chips 41 pass through the opening 20 in the first disk 14 in the direction of rotation 30 in front of the cutting edge 17 into the space 21 between the two disks 14 and 15.
  • the centrifugal force of the rotor 12 throws the chips 41 radially outwards, whereby they can be carried in the direction of rotation 30 by the spreader vanes 23.
  • the cut chips In the area of the passage opening 27 of the chute 11, the cut chips can reach the outside.
  • a blow pipe is expediently flanged to the discharge chute 11 and guides the chips 41 into a loading wagon.
  • strips 25 of the breaking comb 26 are also provided in the area of the passage opening 27, a further comminution takes place here.
  • the feed shaft 10 is arranged at an angle to this in two longitudinal sectional planes 42 and 43 which are perpendicular to one another and which contain the rotor axis.
  • the inclination is such that the central axis of the feed shaft 10, which is rectangular in cross section, is inclined at an acute angle a against the direction of rotation 30 and is inclined to the housing wall 8 - and thus to the guide surface 13 and the disk 14 carrying the chopping knives 16 - by an acute angle ⁇ (in FIG. 1 the projection ⁇ 'of ⁇ is shown).
  • the optimal values for a are approximately 40 ° and for ⁇ approximately 15 °.
  • This inclined arrangement of the feed shaft 10 ensures that the supplied small wood 1 is already fed to the rotor 12 in its direction of rotation, so that it pulls in the wood 1 without the action of external forces.
  • the angle is preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.
  • the feed shaft 10 can be adjustably attached to the housing 4 with its inclination angles.
  • the design and arrangement of the adjustment device can be chosen at will.
  • FIG. 6 shows that at the free end of the feed chute 10, a hopper 47 can be attached, which is pivotable about a horizontal axis 48 attached to the top of the feed chute 10.
  • the hopper 47 serves for feeding log 1 ', while in its swung-up position (47') it serves for feeding already chopped wood 1 ".
  • a perforated disc 49 is fastened to the feed shaft 10. By means of a reversing bolt, not shown, the free end of which engages in a bore in the filling funnel 47, this can be fixed in its horizontal, vertical or central position.
  • a transition piece 50 is mounted at the free end of the feed chute 10 by means of a pivot axis 51.
  • this transition piece 50 has a U-shape, the width of which corresponds to the width of the feed chute 10 and the hopper 47.
  • the transition piece 50 is also pivoted and locked on it.
  • the transition piece 50 can be pivoted manually, but a driving device can also be provided on the filling funnel 47.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 finally show that in the end region of the feed chute 10 two opposite feed rollers 52 and 53 are mounted standing with respect to the bottom 45 of the feed chute 10.
  • the feed roller 52 is driven by a hydraulic motor 54, while the opposite feed roller 53 is pivotable on an arc 55 so that the distance between the two feed rollers is variable.
  • the feed roller 53 is expediently pivotable away from the feed roller 52 against a spring, so that the distance between the two feed rollers automatically adapts to the thickness of the small wood being fed.
  • the feed roller 52 is largely covered by two fixed scraper plates 56 in order to prevent foreign bodies from getting stuck between the feed roller and the walls of the feed shaft 10.
  • the feed shaft 10 is provided in the lower region of the housing 4 of a disc chopper 2.
  • the inclination ratios of the feed shaft 10 relative to the housing 4 are corresponding if the latter opens into the housing 4 in the upper region.
  • the angle of inclination of the feed shaft 10 must be varied so that the supply of the small wood to the chopping knives takes place on the circumferential side of the rotor in such a way that the latter essentially pulls the wood along with its feed device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)

Abstract

1. A device for breaking up small-sized wood (1) with a housing (4) comprising an intake shaft (10) and a discharge shaft (11) and in which a rotor is arranged on which two circular disks (14, 15) are fastened at an axial distance from each other, the first of which carries at least one chopping knife (16) projecting axially over the disk plane (13) and in the vicinity of which the first disk (14) has made in it an opening (20) for the passage of the broken-up wood into the space between the two disks, approximately radially arranged throwing blades (23) being fastened between the disks, the radially euter ends of these throwing blades (23) being provided in the manner of a comb with teeth (24) between which ridges (25) of a breaking comb (26) attached to the cylindrical inner side of the housing casing engage during rotation of the rotor, characterized in that the discharge shaft (11) only comprises an opening (27) for the broken-up wood (41) in the region (21) between the two disks (14, 15) reaching to near the cylindrical inner side of the housing casing (9), while in the area axially in front of the first disk (14) it is covered by a baffle which is constructed as a continuation of the cylindrical housing casing (9), in that the ridges (25) on the breaking comb (26) engaging between the teeth (24) of the throwing blades (23) are only provided in the area of the opening (27) of the discharge shaft (11), and in that the free ends of the ridges (25) on the breaking comb (26) comprise serrations (34).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Schwachholz mit einem einen Einzugsschacht und einen Auswurfschacht aufweisenden Gehäuse, in dem ein Rotor gelagert ist, auf dem mit axialem Abstand voneinander zwei kreisförmige Scheiben befestigt sind, von denen die erste wenigstens ein axial über die Scheibenebene vorstehendes Hackmesser trägt, in dessen Nähe in die erste Scheibe eine Öffnung für den Durchtritt des zerkleinerten Holzes in den Raum zwischen den beiden Scheiben eingearbeitet ist, wobei Zwischen den Schieben etwa radial angeordnete Wurflügel befestigt sind, deren radial äußere Enden kammartig mit Zinken versehen sind, zwischen die während des Rotorumlaufs Leisten eines an der zylindrischen Innenseite des Gehäusemantels angebrachten Brechkammes greifen.The invention relates to a device for comminuting small wood with a housing having a feed chute and an ejection chute, in which a rotor is mounted, on which two circular disks are fastened at an axial distance from one another, the first of which at least one chopping knife projecting axially beyond the disk plane carries, in the vicinity of which an opening for the passage of the shredded wood is worked into the space between the two disks, with radially arranged throwing vanes being fastened between the slides, the radially outer ends of which are provided with teeth like a comb, between which grip bars of a breaking comb attached to the cylindrical inside of the housing shell during the rotor revolution.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist in der DE-OS 30 22 260 beschrieben und dargestellt. Dabei sind die dort mit Extraschneiden bezeichneten Brechkämme im unteren Teil des Gehäuses befestigt, in den auch der Einzugschacht mündet. Über die Ausbildung des Einzugschachtes und des Auswurfschachtes ist nichts weiter ausgesagt.Such a device is described and shown in DE-OS 30 22 260. The crushing combs designated there with extra cutting edges are fastened in the lower part of the housing, into which the feed shaft also opens. Nothing else is said about the formation of the feed chute and the chute.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs erläuterten Gattung so auszubilden, daß eine einwandfreie Zerkleinerung des zugeführten Schwachholzes erreicht wird.The invention is based on the object of designing a device of the type described at the outset in such a way that problem-free comminution of the supplied small wood is achieved.

Bei der gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Kennzeichens des Aspruch 1 gelöst.In the generic device, this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Damit wird erreicht, daß zu große Holzstückchen bei dem Auswerfen nochmals zerkleinert werden.This ensures that pieces of wood that are too large are shredded again when ejected.

Mit der Weiterbildung nach Anspruch 2 wird erreicht, daß noch zu große Holzstücke, die nicht durch die Öffnung in der ersten Scheibe in den Raum zwischen den beiden Scheiben durchtreten können, mindestens noch eine zusätzliche Umdrehung des Rotors mitgenommen und dabei durch die Wurfflügel an den Schlagleisten feiner zerkleinert werden. Wenn sie dann klein genug sind, um durch die genannte Öffnung hindurchtreten zu können, werden sie aufgrund der auf sie einwirkenden Zentrifugalkräfte durch die Durchtrittsöffnung des Auswurfschachtes neben der Prallwand herausgeschleudert.With the development according to claim 2 it is achieved that still large pieces of wood that can not pass through the opening in the first disc in the space between the two discs, at least one additional revolution of the rotor and carried by the spreader vanes on the blow bars be crushed more finely. If they are then small enough to be able to pass through said opening, they are thrown out through the opening of the discharge chute next to the baffle due to the centrifugal forces acting on them.

Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn sich die Schlagleisten achsparallel erstrecken und in Drehrichtung des Rotors hinter dem Auswurfschacht an der Gehäuseinnenseite weitere Schlagleisten angebracht sind, die schräg zur Axialrichtung verlaufen derart, daß ihre zur Gehäusemitte weisenden, freien Enden näher an einer durch die Rotorachse verlaufenden und in Drehrichtung vor diesen Enden befindlichen Radialebene liegen als ihre gegenüberliegenden, bis an die benachbarte, dem Hackmesser zugewandte Gehäusewand reichenden Enden.It is advantageous if the blow bars extend axially parallel and in the direction of rotation of the rotor behind the ejection chute are attached to the inside of the housing, which run obliquely to the axial direction in such a way that their free ends facing the center of the housing are closer to and through the rotor axis in the direction of rotation in front of these ends lie as their opposite ends, which extend to the adjacent housing wall facing the cleaver.

Die noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinerten Holzstücke werden bei ihrem zusätzlichen Umlauf in Drehrichtung hinter dem Auswurfschacht durch die schrägen Schlagleisten nach ihrer Zerkleinerung durch die achsparallelen Schlagleisten in den Raum zwischen den beiden Scheiben gelenkt, aus dem sie dann nach Beendigung des zusätzlichen Umlaufes durch die Durchtrittsöffnung austreten können.The pieces of wood that have not yet been sufficiently shredded are directed in their additional rotation in the direction of rotation behind the chute by the oblique blow bars after they have been shredded by the axially parallel blow bars into the space between the two disks, from which they can then exit through the passage opening after the additional circulation has ended .

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn dabei die Breite des den Schlagleisten gegenüberliegenden Zinkens der Wurfflügel im wesentlichen der Länge der Schlagleisten entspricht. In diesem Bereich ist es nämlich nicht erforderlich, daß mehrere Zinken nebeneinander angeordnet sind.It is advantageous if the width of the tine of the spreader vanes opposite the blow bars essentially corresponds to the length of the blow bars. In this area it is in fact not necessary for several tines to be arranged next to one another.

Es ist nicht auszuschließen, daß durch die Öffnung neben dem Hackmesser in der ersten Scheibe ganze Holzstücke unzerkleinert hindurchtreten, insbesondere dünne Äste od.dgl. in ihrer Längsrichtung. Für diesen Fall ist es günstig, wenn in Drehrichtung des Rotors vor dem Brechkamm und mit Abstand von diesem Schneidmesser im wesentlichen radial zwischen die Zinken der Wurfflügel greifen. Diese Schneidmesser können dabei in denselben Ebenen liegen wie der in Drehrichtung nachfolgende Brechkamm.It cannot be ruled out that through the opening next to the chopping knife in the first disc whole pieces of wood will pass through uncrushed, especially thin branches or the like. in their longitudinal direction. In this case, it is advantageous if in the direction of rotation of the rotor in front of the breaking comb and at a distance from this cutting knife, reach essentially radially between the prongs of the spreading vanes. These cutting knives can lie in the same planes as the breaking comb that follows in the direction of rotation.

Die in der beschriebenen Weise in den Raum zwischen die beiden Scheiben geratenen, unzerkleinerten Holzstücke werden auf diese Weise von den Wurfflügeln mitgenommen und an den Schneidmessern zerkleinert; während des kurzen Drehschrittes, der dem Abstand zwischen diesen Schneidmessern und dem Brechkamm entspricht, werden die zerkleinerten Holzstücke durch Wirbelbewegungen und dgl. bewegt, so daß sie von dem nachfolgenden Brechkamm nochmals zerkleinert werden.The unshredded pieces of wood that get into the space between the two disks in the manner described are taken away by the throwing vanes in this way and shredded on the cutting blades; during the short turning step, which corresponds to the distance between these cutting knives and the breaking comb, the shredded pieces of wood are moved by swirling movements and the like, so that they are shredded again by the subsequent breaking comb.

Um einen guten Zugang zu dem Rotor, den Hackmessern und den beschriebenen Elementen der Nachzerkleinerungseinrichtung zu schaffen, beispielsweise bei notwendigen Reparaturarbeiten, ist es günstig, wenn das den Auswurfschacht aufweisende Oberteil des Gehäuses um eine waagrechte Achse abschwenkbar ist.In order to provide good access to the rotor, the chopping knives and the described elements of the secondary comminution device, for example for necessary repair work, it is advantageous if the upper part of the housing, which has the discharge chute, can be pivoted about a horizontal axis.

Für die Beschickung der Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Schwachholz mit dem erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Zwei kammersystem ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn der Einzugsschacht in zwei aufeinander rechtwinkelig stehenden, die Rotorachse enthaltenden Längsschnittebenen winklig zur Rotationsachse angeordnet ist derart, daß seine Mittelachse um einen spitzen Winkel a entgegen der Drehrichtung des Rotors geneigt ist und zur Scheibe hin um einen spitzen Winkel β abfallend geneigt ist.For loading the device for crushing small wood with the two-chamber system provided according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the feed chute is arranged in two mutually perpendicular longitudinal section planes containing the rotor axis at an angle to the axis of rotation in such a way that its central axis is at an acute angle a against the The direction of rotation of the rotor is inclined and is inclined towards the disc at an acute angle β.

Bei dieser Anordnung des Einzugsschachtes ist sichergestellt, daß das zugeführte Holz, im allgemeinen Äste und kleinere Stämme, in der Drehrichtung des Rotors eingegeben wird, so daß es von diesem mitgenommen und ohne weitere Krafteinwirkung von außen in die Schneideinrichtung eingezogen wird. Dadurch wird das zugeführte Holz ohne Aufspleißen zerkleinert. Selbstverständlich ist eine derartige Anordnung auch bei anderen Vorrichtungen vorteilhaft, die z.B. nur eine Kammer haben.With this arrangement of the feed shaft it is ensured that the wood supplied, in general branches and smaller logs, is entered in the direction of rotation of the rotor, so that it is carried along by it and without further external force into the Cutting device is drawn. This means that the wood is shredded without fanning out. Of course, such an arrangement is also advantageous for other devices which, for example, have only one chamber.

Ein optimales Durchtrennen wird erreicht, wenn der Winkel a etwa 40° und der Winkel β etwa 15° betragen, weil dann der optimale Durchtrennwinkel von 45° erreicht und gleichzeitig die Anlage des zu zerkleinernden Holzes an den Schneiden verbessert wird.Optimal cutting is achieved when the angle a is approximately 40 ° and the angle β is approximately 15 °, because then the optimal cutting angle of 45 ° is reached and at the same time the contact of the wood to be shredded on the cutting edges is improved.

Eine weitere Verbesserung kann noch dadurch erzielt werden, daß der Einzugsschacht im Querschnitt rechteckig ausgebildet ist und derart verdreht am Gehäuse befestigt ist, daß seine in Drehrichtung des Rotors vordere Seitenwand um einen spitzen Winkel y zur Vertikalen geneigt ist.A further improvement can be achieved in that the feed shaft is rectangular in cross section and is attached to the housing in such a rotated manner that its front side wall in the direction of rotation of the rotor is inclined at an acute angle y to the vertical.

Der Winkel y liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 5° und 10°.The angle y is preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.

Bei dieser Ausbildung liegt eine Ecke des Einzugsschachtes tiefer als die übrigen Ecken, so daß das Holz von selbst in diese Ecke hineinläuft und bereits in der richtigen Richtung ausgerichtet vom Rotor erfaßt wird.In this embodiment, a corner of the feed chute is lower than the other corners, so that the wood runs into this corner by itself and is already aligned in the correct direction and is gripped by the rotor.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn der Einzugsschacht mit seinen Neigungswinkeln verstellbar am Gehäuse befestigt ist.It is advantageous if the intake shaft is attached to the housing in an adjustable manner with its inclination angles.

Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung weist das freie Ende des Einzugsschachtes einen Einfülltrichter auf, der um eine an der Oberseite des Einzugsschachtes angebrachte, imAccording to a further feature of the invention, the free end of the feed chute has a filling funnel, which is arranged around a top of the feed chute

wesentlichen waagrechte Achse schwenkbar ist. Zum Zuführen ganzer Äste und Stämme wird dabei der Einfülltrichter nach unten geschwenkt, während er nach oben geschwenkt wird, so daß seine Einfüllöffnung nach oben zeigt, wenn bereits grob vorgehacktes Holz eingegeben werden soll.essential horizontal axis is pivotable. To feed entire branches and trunks, the hopper is pivoted downwards while it is pivoted upwards, so that its filling opening points upwards when roughly chopped wood is to be input.

Bei hochgeschwenktem Einfülltrichter ist der Zwickel zwischen dessen unterem Ende und dem freien Ende des Einzugsschachtes durch ein schwenkbares, im wesentlichen U-förmiges Übergangsstück abgedeckt.When the hopper is pivoted upwards, the gusset between its lower end and the free end of the feed chute is covered by a pivotable, essentially U-shaped transition piece.

Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung sind im Einzugsschacht zwei einander gegenüberliegende Einzugswalzen gelagert, deren Abstand zueinander einstellbar ist und von denen eine antreibbar ist. Bei dieser Ausbildung wird der Einzug des unzerkleinerten Holzes weiter erleichtert, wobei sich die einstellbar gegenüberliegenden Einzugswalzen selbsttätig an die unterschiedlichen Holzstärken anpassen können.According to a further feature of the invention, two opposing feed rollers are mounted in the feed shaft, the distance between them being adjustable and one of which can be driven. With this design, the feeding of the uncrushed wood is further facilitated, the adjustable opposite feed rollers being able to adapt automatically to the different wood thicknesses.

Vorzugsweise ist die im Einzugsschacht tiefer angeordnete Einzugswalze durch ortsfeste Abstreifbleche teilweise abgedeckt.The feed roller, which is arranged lower in the feed shaft, is preferably partially covered by stationary scraper plates.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel erläutert, das in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist.The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in the drawing.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 - eine Seitenansicht eines Scheibenhäckslers gemäß der Erfindung,
  • Figur 2 - eine Draufsicht des in Figur 1 gezeigten Scheibenhäckslers,
  • Figur 3 - in vergrößertem Maßstab einen Teilquerschnitt durch den Rotor und den Auswurfschacht in der Schnittebene 111-111 der Figur 4,
  • Figur 4 - eine Draufsicht des in Figur 3 gezeigten Bereiches,
  • Figur 5 - eine Vorderansicht des Scheibenhäckslers mit Einzugsschacht,
  • Figur 6 - eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines Teils des Einzugsschachtes mit Einfülltrichter in zwei Stellungen
  • Figur 7 - eine Teildarstellung des Einzugsschachtes mit Einzugswalzen und
  • Figur 8 - eine Draufsicht des Einzugsschachtes der Figur 7.
Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a disc chopper according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the disc chopper shown in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 - on an enlarged scale, a partial cross section through the rotor and the discharge chute in the sectional plane 111-111 of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of the area shown in FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 - a front view of the disc chopper with intake shaft,
  • Figure 6 - an enlarged view of part of the feed shaft with hopper in two positions
  • Figure 7 - a partial representation of the feed shaft with feed rollers and
  • Figure 8 is a top view of the feed slot of Figure 7.

Die in den Figuren dargestellte Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Schwachholz 1 ist ein sogenannter Scheibenhäcksler 2. Dieser besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Rahmen 3 und einem Gehäuse 4 mit einer darin gelagerten Rotorwelle 5. Der Rahmen 3 weist Befestigungselemente 6 für einen hier nicht gezeigten Anbau auf und übernimmt die Lagerung der horizontal ausgerichteten Rotorwelle 5.The device for crushing small wood 1 shown in the figures is a so-called disc chopper 2. This essentially consists of a frame 3 and a housing 4 with a rotor shaft 5 mounted therein. The frame 3 has fastening elements 6 for an attachment (not shown here) and takes over the bearing of the horizontally aligned rotor shaft 5.

Das Gehäuse 4 besteht aus einer dem Rahmen 3 zugewandten Gehäusewand 7, einer gegenüberliegenden Gehäusewand 8 und einem zylindrischen Gehäusemantel 9. Der Gehäusemantel 9 ist so am Rahmen 3 befestigt, daß die Rotorwelle 5 und die Zylinderachse des Gehäuses 4 koaxial sind.The housing 4 consists of a housing wall 7 facing the frame 3, an opposite housing wall 8 and a cylindrical housing shell 9. The housing shell 9 is fastened to the frame 3 in such a way that the rotor shaft 5 and the cylinder axis of the housing 4 are coaxial.

In den unteren Bereich des Gehäuses 4 mündet auf der Seite der Gehäusewand 8 ein Einzugsschacht 10, während ein Auswurfschacht 11 vom oberen Bereich des zylindrischen Gehäusemantels 9 ausgeht. Sowohl der Einzugsschacht 10 als auch der Auswurfschacht 11 haben einen rechteckigen Querschnitt, wobei der Auswurfschacht 11 über die Breite des Gehäuses 4 hinweg von oben in tangentialer Richtung in das Gehäuse 3 einmündet.On the side of the housing wall 8, an intake shaft 10 opens into the lower region of the housing 4, while an ejection shaft 11 extends from the upper region of the cylindrical housing shell 9. Both the feed chute 10 and the chute 11 have a rectangular cross section, the chute 11 opening into the housing 3 from above in the tangential direction across the width of the housing 4.

In seinem Gehäuse 4 weist der Scheibenhäcksler 2 einen auf der Rotorwelle 5 befestigten Rotor 12 auf, der im wesentlichen aus einer ebenen Führungsfläche 13, einer ersten Scheibe 14 und einer zweiten Scheibe 15 besteht. Die Führungsfläche 13 und die beiden Schieben 14 und 15 sind parallel zueinander angeordnet und kreisförmig ausgebildet. Die beiden Scheiben 14 und 15, die bis in die Nähe der Innenseite des zylindrischen Gehäusemantels 9 reichen, sind mit axialem Abstand voneinander fest auf der Rotorwelle 5 befestigt.In its housing 4, the disc chopper 2 has a rotor 12 fastened on the rotor shaft 5, which essentially consists of a flat guide surface 13, a first disc 14 and a second disc 15. The guide surface 13 and the two slides 14 and 15 are arranged parallel to each other and circular. The two disks 14 and 15, which extend into the vicinity of the inside of the cylindrical housing shell 9, are firmly attached to the rotor shaft 5 at an axial distance from one another.

Auch die ebene Führungsfläche 13 ist kreisförmig ausgebildet, jedoch auf der Rotorwelle 5 axial verschiebbar gelagert, so daß ihr Abstand von der benachharten Scheibe 14 eingestellt werden kann.The flat guide surface 13 is also circular, but is axially displaceably mounted on the rotor shaft 5 so that its distance from the adjacent disk 14 can be adjusted.

Auf der der Führungsfläche 13 zugewandten Seite der ersten Scheibe 14 sind um 180 versetzt zwei Hackmesser 16 so befestigt, daß ihre etwa radial verlaufende Schneide 17 axial über die Scheibenebene vorsteht und durch eine Aussparung 18 in der Führungsfläche 13 in den Raum zwischen dieser und der gegenüberliegenden Gehäusewand 8 hineinragt.On the side of the first disk 14 facing the guide surface 13, two chopping knives 16 are offset by 180 so that their approximately radially extending cutting edge 17 projects axially beyond the plane of the disk and through a recess 18 in the guide surface 13 into the space between it and the opposite one Housing wall 8 protrudes.

Das Hackmesser 16 ist mittels Schrauben 19 an der ersten Scheibe befestigt, welche in dem Bereich vor der Schneide 17 eine Durchtrittsöffnung 20 aufweist. Die Aussparung 18 und die Durchtrittsöffnung 20 stellen somit eine Verbindung zwischen dem Raum 21 zwischen den beiden Scheiben 14 und 15 und dem Raum 22 zwischen der ersten Scheibe 14 und der gegenüberliegenden Gehäusewand 8 her.The cleaver 16 is fastened by means of screws 19 to the first disc, which has a passage opening 20 in the area in front of the cutting edge 17. The recess 18 and the passage opening 20 thus establish a connection between the space 21 between the two disks 14 and 15 and the space 22 between the first disk 14 and the opposite housing wall 8.

Zwischen den beiden Scheiben 14 und 15 sind etwa radial angeordnete Wurfflügel 23 befestigt. Die radial äußeren Enden der Wurfflügel 23 sind kammartig ausgebildet und weisen somit Zinken 24 auf, zwischen die Leisten 25 eingreifen können, die Teil eines Brechkammes 26 sind, der an der Innenseite des zylindrischen Gehäusemantels 9 befestigt ist.Radially arranged throwing vanes 23 are fastened between the two disks 14 and 15. The radially outer ends of the throwing vanes 23 are comb-like and thus have tines 24 between which strips 25 can engage, which are part of a breaking comb 26 which is fastened to the inside of the cylindrical housing shell 9.

Wie die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen, weist der Auswurfschacht 11 nur im Bereich 21 zwischen den beiden Scheiben 14 und 15, die sich bis in die Nähe der zylindrischen Innenseite des Gehäusemantels 9 erstrecken, eine Durchtrittsöffnung 27 auf; im Bereich über dem Raum 22, d.h. etwa von der ersten Scheibe 14 bis zur Gehäusewand 8 ist der Auswurfschacht 11 durch eine Prallwand 28 abgedeckt, die als Fortsetzung des zylindrischen Gehäusemantels 9 ausgebildet ist. An der Innenseite der Prallwand 28 sind Schlagleisten 29 befestigt, die sich achsparallel und radial bis nahe an den von den Spitzen der Wurfflügel 23 beschriebenen Kreis erstrecken. In diesem Bereich ist an jedem Wurfflügel 23 nur ein Zinken 24' vorgesehen, dessen Breite somit im wesentlichen der Länge der Schlagleisten 29 entspricht.As FIGS. 3 and 4 show, the discharge chute 11 has a passage opening 27 only in the area 21 between the two disks 14 and 15, which extend into the vicinity of the cylindrical inside of the housing shell 9; in the area above room 22, i.e. approximately from the first disc 14 to the housing wall 8, the chute 11 is covered by a baffle wall 28 which is designed as a continuation of the cylindrical housing shell 9. On the inside of the baffle 28, blow bars 29 are attached, which extend axially parallel and radially to close to the circle described by the tips of the throwing vanes 23. In this area only one prong 24 'is provided on each throwing blade 23, the width of which thus essentially corresponds to the length of the blow bars 29.

In der mit 30 bezeichneten Drehrichtung des Rotors 12 sind hinter dem Auswurfschacht 11 weitere Schlagleisten 31 an der Gehäuseinnenseite befestigt. Diese Schlagleisten 31 verlaufen schräg zur Axialrichtung derart, daß ihre zur Gehäusemitte weisenden, freien Enden 32 näher an einer durch die Rotorachse verlaufenden und in Drehrichtung 30 vor diesen Enden 32 befindlichen Radialebene 33 liegen als ihre gegenüberliegenden Enden, die bis an die benachbarte Gehäusewand 8 reichen.In the direction of rotation of the rotor 12, designated by 30, 11 further blow bars 31 are fastened to the inside of the housing behind the chute. These blow bars 31 run obliquely to the axial direction such that their free ends 32 facing the center of the housing are closer to a radial plane 33 which runs through the rotor axis and is in the direction of rotation 30 in front of these ends 32 than their opposite ends which extend as far as the adjacent housing wall 8 .

Wie Figur 4 ferner zeigt, sind die Leisten 25 des Brechkammes 26, die zwischen die Zinken 24 der Wurfflügel 23 greifen, nur im Bereich der Durchtrittsöffnung 27 des Auswurfschachtes 11 vorgesehen. Die freien Enden dieser Leisten 25 weisen radial nach innen gerichtete Zacken 34 auf.As FIG. 4 also shows, the strips 25 of the breaking comb 26, which engage between the prongs 24 of the throwing vanes 23, are only provided in the area of the passage opening 27 of the discharge chute 11. The free ends of these strips 25 have teeth 34 directed radially inwards.

In der Drehrichtung 30 vor dem Brechkamm 26 und mit Abstand von diesem greifen Schneidmesser 35 im wesentlichen radial zwischen die Zinken 24 der Wurfflügel 23. Die Schneidmesser 35 liegen dabei in denselben Ebenen wie die in Drehrichtung folgenden Leisten 25. Sie sind mittels Schrauben 36 an einem Halter 37 befestigt, der an der Außenseite des Gehäusemantels 9 angebracht ist, durch nicht dargestelle Schlitze im Gehäusemantel 9 greifen sie in das Gehäuseinnere ein.In the direction of rotation 30 in front of the breaking comb 26 and at a distance therefrom, cutting knives 35 engage essentially radially between the prongs 24 of the throwing vanes 23. The cutting knives 35 lie in the same planes as the strips 25 following in the direction of rotation Attached holder 37, which is attached to the outside of the housing shell 9, through slots (not shown) in the housing shell 9 they engage in the housing interior.

Wie aus Figur 3 ferner hervorgeht, ist das Oberteil des Gehäuses 4, das den Auswurfschacht 11 aufweist, vom Unterteil getrennt (Trennebene 38). Im Bereich des Gehäuseoberteiles ist an beiden Gehäusewänden 7 und 8 eine Schwenklasche 39 angebracht, die in einer am Gehäuseunterteil angeordneten Schwenkachse 40 gelagert sind. Um diese waagrechte Schwenkachse 40 kann das Oberteil des Gehäuses 4 vom Unterteil abgeschwenkt werden.As can also be seen from FIG. 3, the upper part of the housing 4, which has the chute 11, is separated from the lower part (parting plane 38). In the area of the upper housing part, a swivel bracket 39 is attached to both housing walls 7 and 8 and is mounted in a swivel axis 40 arranged on the lower housing part. The upper part of the housing 4 can be pivoted away from the lower part about this horizontal pivot axis 40.

Beim Betrieb des Scheibenhäckslers 2 wird das zu zerkleinernde Schwachholz 1 dem Rotor 12 durch den Einzugsschacht 10 zugeführt. Dabei stößt das in Vorschubrichtung vordere Ende des Holzes gegen die Führungsfläche 13 und wird durch die axial aus der Aussparung 18 hervorstehende Schneide 17 abgetrennt. Die dabei entstehenden Späne 41 treten durch die in Drehrichtung 30 vor der Schneide 17 liegende Durchtrittsöffnung 20 in der ersten Scheibe 14 in den Raum 21 zwischen den beiden Scheiben 14 und 15. Die Zentrifugalkraft des Rotors 12 schleudert die Späne 41 radial nach außen, wobei sie durch die Wurfflügel 23 in Drehrichtung 30 mitgenommen werden. Im Bereich der Durchtrittsöffnung 27 des Auswurfschachtes 11 können die geschnittenen Späne ins Freie gelangen. Zweckmäßigerweise ist dabei am Auswurfschacht 11 ein Blasrohr angeflanscht, das die Späne 41 in einen Ladewagen leitet.During operation of the disc chopper 2, the small wood 1 to be shredded is fed to the rotor 12 through the feed shaft 10. The front end of the wood in the feed direction abuts against the guide surface 13 and is separated by the cutting edge 17 projecting axially from the recess 18. The resulting chips 41 pass through the opening 20 in the first disk 14 in the direction of rotation 30 in front of the cutting edge 17 into the space 21 between the two disks 14 and 15. The centrifugal force of the rotor 12 throws the chips 41 radially outwards, whereby they can be carried in the direction of rotation 30 by the spreader vanes 23. In the area of the passage opening 27 of the chute 11, the cut chips can reach the outside. A blow pipe is expediently flanged to the discharge chute 11 and guides the chips 41 into a loading wagon.

Größere Holzteile, die zunächst nicht von den Hackmessern 16 abgetrennt werden, können nicht durch die Durchtrittsöffnung 20 in der ersten Scheibe 14 in den Raum 21 gelangen und werden von den Wurfflügeln 23 in Drehrichtung 30 innerhalb des Raumes 22 mitgenommen. Kurz vor dem Auswurfschacht 11 werden diese Stücke an den Schneidmessern 35 zerkleinert. Während des kurzen Drehschrittes zwischen den Schneidmessern 35 und den nachfolgenden Leisten 25 des Brechkammes 26 bewegen sich die nunmehr zerkleinerten Stücke auch in axialer Richtung, so daß sie an den Leisten 25 des Brechkammes 26 nochmals zerkleinert werden.Larger pieces of wood, which are not initially separated from the chopping knives 16, cannot enter the space 21 through the passage opening 20 in the first disk 14 and are taken along by the throwing vanes 23 in the direction of rotation 30 within the space 22. Shortly before the chute 11, these pieces are crushed on the cutting knives 35. During the short turning step between the cutting knives 35 and the subsequent strips 25 of the breaking comb 26, the pieces which have now been shredded also move in the axial direction, so that they are shredded again on the strips 25 of the breaking comb 26.

Da im Bereich des Raumes 22 der Auswurfschacht 11 durch die Prallwand 28 abgedeckt ist, werden diese nunmehr zu Spänen zerkleinerten Stücke durch die breiten Zinken 24' der Wurfflügel 23 nochmals eine Umdrehung mitgenommen, während der sie an den schräg zur Gehäusemitte geneigten Schlagleisten 31 in den Raum 21 gedrängt werden. Nach dieser weiteren Umdrehung befinden sich die nachzerkleinerten Späne dann im Bereich der Durchtrittsöffnung 27 des Auswurfschachtes 11, so daß sie nach außen gelangen können.Since in the area of the room 22 the chute 11 is covered by the baffle 28, these pieces are now shredded into pieces by the wide prongs 24 'of the spreader vanes 23 once more during which they are carried out on the blow bars 31 inclined at an angle to the center of the housing Room 21 to be pushed. After this further rotation, the shredded chips are then in the area of the passage opening 27 of the chute 11, so that they can reach the outside.

Da auch im Bereich der Durchtrittsöffnung 27 Leisten 25 des Brechkammes 26 vorgesehen sind, erfolgt hier nochmals eine Nachzerkleinerung.Since strips 25 of the breaking comb 26 are also provided in the area of the passage opening 27, a further comminution takes place here.

Wie die Figuren 1, und 5 zeigen, ist der Einzugsschacht 10 in zwei rechtwinkelig aufeinander stehenden Längsschnittebenen 42 und 43, die die Rotorachse enthalten, winklig zu dieser angeordnet. Die Neigung ist dabei so, daß die Mittelachse des im Querschnitt rechteckigen Einzugsschachtes 10 um einen spitzen Winkel a entgegen der Drehrichtung 30 geneigt ist und zur Gehäusewand 8 - und damit zur Führungsfläche 13 und der die Hackmesser 16 tragenden Scheibe 14 - um einen spitzen Winkel β abfallend geneigt ist (in Fig. 1 ist die Projektion β' von β gezeigt). Die optimalen Werte sind für a etwa 40° und für β etwa 15°.As FIGS. 1 and 5 show, the feed shaft 10 is arranged at an angle to this in two longitudinal sectional planes 42 and 43 which are perpendicular to one another and which contain the rotor axis. The inclination is such that the central axis of the feed shaft 10, which is rectangular in cross section, is inclined at an acute angle a against the direction of rotation 30 and is inclined to the housing wall 8 - and thus to the guide surface 13 and the disk 14 carrying the chopping knives 16 - by an acute angle β (in FIG. 1 the projection β 'of β is shown). The optimal values for a are approximately 40 ° and for β approximately 15 °.

Durch diese schiefe Anordnung des Einzugsschachtes 10 wird gewährleistet, daß das zugeführte Schwachholz 1 dem Rotor 12 bereits in seiner Drehrichtung zugeführt wird, so daß er das Holz 1 ohne Einwirkung äußerer Kräfte einzieht.This inclined arrangement of the feed shaft 10 ensures that the supplied small wood 1 is already fed to the rotor 12 in its direction of rotation, so that it pulls in the wood 1 without the action of external forces.

Dazu trägt auch die in Figur 5 erkennbare, verdrehte Befestigung des Einzugsschachtes 10 am Gehäuse 4 bei; die in Drehrichtung 30 des Rotors 12 vordere Seitenwand 44 des Einzugsschachtes 10 ist zur Vertikalen (Längsschnittebene 42) um einen spitzen Winkel y geneigt.The twisted fastening of the feed shaft 10 on the housing 4, which can be seen in FIG. 5, also contributes to this; that in the direction of rotation 30 of the rotor 12 front side wall 44 of the feed shaft 10 is inclined to the vertical (longitudinal section plane 42) by an acute angle y.

Damit wird sichergestellt, daß das zugeführte Schwachholz 1 im Einzugsschacht 10 von selbst auf dem schrägen Boden 45 des Einzugsschachtes 10 in dessen unterste Ecke 46 rutscht und damit optimal von den Hackmessern 16 erfaßt werden kann. Der Winkel liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 5° und 10°.This ensures that the supplied lumber 1 in the feed chute 10 automatically slides on the inclined floor 45 of the feed chute 10 in its lowermost corner 46 and can thus be optimally gripped by the cleaver 16. The angle is preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann der Einzugsschacht 10 mit seinen Neigungswinkeln verstellbar am Gehäuse 4 befestigt sein. Die Ausbildung und Anordnung der Verstelleinrichtung kann dabei nach Belieben gewählt werden.As already mentioned, the feed shaft 10 can be adjustably attached to the housing 4 with its inclination angles. The design and arrangement of the adjustment device can be chosen at will.

Figur 6 zeigt, daß am freien Ende des Einzugsschachtes 10 ein Einfülltrichter 47 angebracht sein kann, der um eine an der Oberseite des Einzugsschachtes 10 angebrachte, waagrechte Achse 48 schwenkbar ist. In seiner in Figur 6 mit starken Konturen dargestellten, abgeschwenkten Lage dient der Einfülltrichter 47 zum Zuführen von Stammholz 1', während er in seiner hochgeschwenkten Stellung (47') zum Zuführen von bereits vorgehacktem Holz 1" dient. Um den Einfülltrichter 47 in seinen verschiedenen Neigungen feststellen zu können, ist am Einzugsschacht 10 eine Lochscheibe 49 befestigt. Mittels eines nicht gezeigten Umsteckbolzens, dessen freies Ende in eine Bohrung im Einfülltrichter 47 eingreift, kann dieser in seiner waagrechten, senkrechten oder einer Mittellage festgestellt werden.Figure 6 shows that at the free end of the feed chute 10, a hopper 47 can be attached, which is pivotable about a horizontal axis 48 attached to the top of the feed chute 10. In its swiveled-out position shown in FIG. 6 with strong contours, the hopper 47 serves for feeding log 1 ', while in its swung-up position (47') it serves for feeding already chopped wood 1 ". Around the hopper 47 in its various In order to be able to determine inclinations, a perforated disc 49 is fastened to the feed shaft 10. By means of a reversing bolt, not shown, the free end of which engages in a bore in the filling funnel 47, this can be fixed in its horizontal, vertical or central position.

Um in der hochgeschwenkten Lage 47' des Einfülltrichters den freien Zwickel zwischen dessen unterem Ende und dem freien Ende des Einzugsschachtes 10 abzudecken, ist am freien Ende des Einzugsschachtes 10 ein Übergangsstück 50 mittels einer Schwenkachse 51 gelagert. Dieses Übergangsstück 50 hat in Richtung des in Figur 6 eingezeichneten Pfeiles gesehen eine U-Form, die in ihrer Breite der Breite des Einzugsschachtes 10 und des Einfülltrichters 47 entspricht. Im hochgeschwenkten Zustand des Einfülltrichters 47' wird das Übergangsstück 50 mitgeschwenkt und an diesem verriegelt. Das Schwenken des Übergangsstückes 50 kann manuell erfolgen, es kann jedoch auch am Einfülltrichter47 eine Mitnahmeeinrichtung vorgesehen sein.In order to cover the free gusset between its lower end and the free end of the feed chute 10 in the pivoted-up position 47 'of the feed hopper, a transition piece 50 is mounted at the free end of the feed chute 10 by means of a pivot axis 51. When viewed in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 6, this transition piece 50 has a U-shape, the width of which corresponds to the width of the feed chute 10 and the hopper 47. In the pivoted-up state of the filling funnel 47 ', the transition piece 50 is also pivoted and locked on it. The transition piece 50 can be pivoted manually, but a driving device can also be provided on the filling funnel 47.

Die Figuren 7 und 8 zeigen schließlich, daß im Endbereich des Einzugsschachtes 10 zwei einander gegenüberliegende Einzugswalzen 52 und 53 stehend bezüglich des Bodens 45 des Einzugschachtes 10 gelagert sind. Die Einzugswalze 52 ist dabei von einem hydraulischen Motor 54 angetrieben, während die gegenüberliegende Einzugswalze 53 auf einem Kreisbogen 55 verschwenkbar ist, so daß der Abstand zwischen den beiden Einzugswalzen variabel ist. Zweckmäßigerweise ist dabei die Einzugswalze 53 von der Einzugswalze 52 weg gegen eine Feder schwenkbar, so daß sich der Abstand zwischen den beiden Einzugswalzen selbsttätig an die Stärke des zugeführten Schwachholzes anpaßt.FIGS. 7 and 8 finally show that in the end region of the feed chute 10 two opposite feed rollers 52 and 53 are mounted standing with respect to the bottom 45 of the feed chute 10. The feed roller 52 is driven by a hydraulic motor 54, while the opposite feed roller 53 is pivotable on an arc 55 so that the distance between the two feed rollers is variable. The feed roller 53 is expediently pivotable away from the feed roller 52 against a spring, so that the distance between the two feed rollers automatically adapts to the thickness of the small wood being fed.

Da die beiden Einzugswalzen 52 und 53 mit ihren Drehachsen parallel zu der Seitenwand 44 und der gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand des Einzugsschachtes 10 gelagert sind, machen sie auch im Fall einer Verstellbewegung relativ zum Gehäuse 4 diese Verstellbewegung mit.Since the two feed rollers 52 and 53 are mounted with their axes of rotation parallel to the side wall 44 and the opposite side wall of the feed shaft 10, they also make this adjustment movement in the event of an adjustment movement relative to the housing 4.

Wie Figur 8 zeigt, ist die Einzugswalze 52 durch zwei feste Abstreifbleche 56 größtenteils abgedeckt, um zu verhindern, daß sich Fremdkörper zwischen der Einzugswalze und den Wänden des Einzugsschachtes 10 festsetzen.As FIG. 8 shows, the feed roller 52 is largely covered by two fixed scraper plates 56 in order to prevent foreign bodies from getting stuck between the feed roller and the walls of the feed shaft 10.

Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Einzugsschacht 10 im unteren Bereich des Gehäuses 4 eines Scheibenhäckslers 2 vorgesehen. Die Neigungsverhältnisse des Einzugsschachtes 10 gegenüber dem Gehäuse 4 sind entsprechend, wenn dieser im oberen Bereich in das Gehäuse 4 mündet. Bei Einsatz eines Trommelhäckslers müssen die Neigungswinkel des Einzugsschachtes 10 so variiert werden, daß die Zuführung des Schwachholzes zu den Hackmessern an der Umfangseite des Rotors so erfolgt, daß dieser das Holz im wesentlichen in Fortsetzung seiner Zuführvorrichtung mitzieht.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the feed shaft 10 is provided in the lower region of the housing 4 of a disc chopper 2. The inclination ratios of the feed shaft 10 relative to the housing 4 are corresponding if the latter opens into the housing 4 in the upper region. When using a drum chopper, the angle of inclination of the feed shaft 10 must be varied so that the supply of the small wood to the chopping knives takes place on the circumferential side of the rotor in such a way that the latter essentially pulls the wood along with its feed device.

Claims (16)

1. A device for breaking up small-sized wood (1) with a housing (4) comprising an intake shaft (10) and a discharge shaft (11) and in which a rotor is arranged on which two circular disks (14, 15) are fastened at an axial distance from each other, the first of which carries at least one chopping knife (16) projecting axially over the disk plane (13) and in the vicinity of which the first disk (14) has made in it an opening (20) for the passage of the broken-up wood into the space between the two disks, approximately radially arranged throwing blades (23) being fastened between the disks, the radially euter ends of these throwing blades (23) being provided in the manner of a comb with teeth (24) between which ridges (25) of a breaking comb (26) attached to the cylindrical inner side of the housing casing engage during rotation of the rotor, characterized in that the discharge shaft (11) only comprises an opening (27) for the broken-up wood (41) in the region (21) between the two disks (14, 15) reaching to near the cylindrical inner side of the housing casing (9), while in the area axially in front of the first disk (14) it is covered by a baffle which is constructed as a continuation of the cylindrical housing casing (9), in that the ridges (25) on the breaking comb (26) engaging between the teeth (24) of the throwing blades (23) are only provided in the area of the opening (27) of the discharge shaft (11), and in that the free ends of the ridges (25) en the breaking comb (26) comprise serrations (34).
2. A device according te claim 1, characterized in that the baffle (28) comprises baffle plates (29) on its inner side, which baffle plates (29) extend radially te near the circle described by the tips of the throwing blades (23).
3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the baffle plates (29) extend axially parallel and in that further baffle plates (31) are attached to the housing inner side behind the discharge shaft (11) in the rotational direction (30) of the rotor (12), which further baffle plates (31) extend at an angle to the axial direction in such a way that their free ends (32) pointing towards the housing centre are positioned nearer a radial plane (33) passing through the rotor axis and located in front ef these ends (32) in the rotational direction (30) than their opposite ends reaching to the adjacent housing wall (8) facing the chopping knife (16).
4. A device accerding te claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the width of the teeth (24') on the throwing blades (23) and facing the baffle plates (29) corresponds substantially to the length of the baffle plates (29).
5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in front of the breaking comb (26) in the rotational direction (30) of the rotor (12) and at a distance from said breaking comb cutting knives (35) engage substantially radially between the teeth (24) on the throwing blades (23).
6. A device according te claim 5, characterized in that the cutting knives (35) are situated in the same planes as the ridges (25) following on in the retational direction.
7. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper part of the housing (4), which upper part comprises the discharge shaft (11), is swivellable around a horizontal shaft (40).
8. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake shaft (10) is so arranged at an angle to the plane of rotation in two longitudinal sectional planes (42, 43) standing on top of each other at right angles and containing the rotor axis that its central axis is inclined at an acute angle (a) relative to the direction of rotation (30) of the rotor (12) and slopes at an acute angle (ß) to the disk (14).
9. A device according to claim 8, characterized in that the intake shaft (10) is constructed with a rectangular cross section and is attached to the housing in such a twisted manner that its front side wall (44), in the direction of rotation (30) of the rotor (12), is inclined at an acute angle (y) to the vertical (42).
10. A device according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the angle (a) is approximately 40 and the angle (ß) is approximately 15°.
11. A device according to claim 9 or claim 10 characterized in that the angle (y) amounts to between 5° and 10°.
12. A device according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the intake shaft (10) is fastened to the housing (4) with adjustable angles of inclination.
13. A device according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the free end of the intake shaft (10) comprises a charging hopper (47) which is swivellable around a substantially horizontal shaft (48) attached to the top of the intake shaft (10).
14. A device according to claim 13, characterized in that when the charging hopper (47') is raised the gap between its lower end and the free end of the intake shaft (10) is covered by a swivellable, substantially U-shaped transition piece (50).
15. A device according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that two intake rollers (52, 53) are arranged opposite each other in the intake shaft (10) standing in relation to the shaft's floor (45) and at an adjustable distance from each other, one of them (52) being drivable.
16. A device according to claim 15, characterized in that the intake roller (52) arranged deeper in the intake shaft (10) is partially covered by stationary stripper plates (56).
EP83102391A 1982-03-24 1983-03-11 Wood disintegrating device Expired EP0089571B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83102391T ATE25347T1 (en) 1982-03-24 1983-03-11 DEVICE FOR SHREDDING SMALL WOOD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3210840 1982-03-24
DE19823210840 DE3210840A1 (en) 1982-03-24 1982-03-24 DEVICE FOR CRUSHING SMALL WOOD

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0089571A2 EP0089571A2 (en) 1983-09-28
EP0089571A3 EP0089571A3 (en) 1985-01-09
EP0089571B1 true EP0089571B1 (en) 1987-02-04

Family

ID=6159187

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83102391A Expired EP0089571B1 (en) 1982-03-24 1983-03-11 Wood disintegrating device

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0089571B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE25347T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3210840A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI88371B (en) * 1991-11-11 1993-01-29 Sunds Defibrator Rauma Woodhan FOERFARANDE FOER ATT MATA AVLAONGA TRAESTYCKEN I EN SKIVHUGG OCH SKIVHUGG
DE102013202454B4 (en) 2013-02-14 2015-02-05 Technische Universität Dresden Device for homogenizing wood chips
CZ307031B6 (en) * 2016-10-25 2017-11-22 Laski, S.R.O. The cutting mechanism of a disc chipper

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE51367C (en) * Dr. L. WEITZ in Hamburg, Billhörner Kanalstr. 22—24 Inclined drawer for wood rasping machines
US1423867A (en) * 1921-12-27 1922-07-25 Mitts & Merrill Cutting machine
DE526145C (en) * 1929-12-02 1931-06-02 Wigger & Co Heinrich Wood chopping machine with box-shaped feed channel
CH301063A (en) * 1953-12-08 1954-08-31 Studer Adolf Shredding machine.
DE1202471B (en) * 1963-05-09 1965-10-07 Maier Kg Maschf B Device for feeding flat wood waste or the like for shredding machines
US3415297A (en) * 1966-06-20 1968-12-10 Lewis M. Yock Machine for chipping core logs and veneer
US3410495A (en) * 1966-07-22 1968-11-12 Beloit Corp Wood chipper
DE1561622A1 (en) * 1967-11-18 1970-04-02 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Disk chopper with re-shredding
US3817462A (en) * 1972-07-17 1974-06-18 Mtd Prod Inc Shredder
CA967458A (en) * 1972-09-05 1975-05-13 Nicholson Murdie Machines Ltd. Overhung disk chipper
US3841571A (en) * 1973-05-07 1974-10-15 Roper Corp Safety guard arrangement for shredder-bagger
CA1077811A (en) * 1976-04-15 1980-05-20 Domtar Inc. Debris separating chipper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3369655D1 (en) 1987-03-12
DE3210840A1 (en) 1983-10-06
EP0089571A2 (en) 1983-09-28
ATE25347T1 (en) 1987-02-15
EP0089571A3 (en) 1985-01-09

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