DE3210840A1 - DEVICE FOR CRUSHING SMALL WOOD - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for breaking up small-sized wood (1) with a housing (4) comprising an intake shaft (10) and a discharge shaft (11) and in which a rotor is arranged on which two circular disks (14, 15) are fastened at an axial distance from each other, the first of which carries at least one chopping knife (16) projecting axially over the disk plane (13) and in the vicinity of which the first disk (14) has made in it an opening (20) for the passage of the broken-up wood into the space between the two disks, approximately radially arranged throwing blades (23) being fastened between the disks, the radially euter ends of these throwing blades (23) being provided in the manner of a comb with teeth (24) between which ridges (25) of a breaking comb (26) attached to the cylindrical inner side of the housing casing engage during rotation of the rotor, characterized in that the discharge shaft (11) only comprises an opening (27) for the broken-up wood (41) in the region (21) between the two disks (14, 15) reaching to near the cylindrical inner side of the housing casing (9), while in the area axially in front of the first disk (14) it is covered by a baffle which is constructed as a continuation of the cylindrical housing casing (9), in that the ridges (25) on the breaking comb (26) engaging between the teeth (24) of the throwing blades (23) are only provided in the area of the opening (27) of the discharge shaft (11), and in that the free ends of the ridges (25) on the breaking comb (26) comprise serrations (34).

Description

description

The invention relates to a device for chopping small wood with a feed shaft and a Ejection chute having housing in which a rotor is mounted is on which two circular disks are fixed at an axial distance from each other, the first of which carries at least one chopping knife projecting axially beyond the plane of the disk, in the vicinity of which a chopping knife enters the first disk Opening for the passage of the chopped wood is incorporated into the space between the two discs, and which carry between them approximately radially arranged vanes, the radially outer ends of which are provided with prongs in a comb-like manner are, between which strips one on the cylindrical inside of the housing jacket during the rotor revolution attached breaking comb.

Such a device is described and shown in DE-OS 30 22 260. They are there with extra cutting edges designated breaking combs attached in the lower part of the housing, into which the feed shaft opens. Nothing further is said about the design of the feed chute and the discharge chute.

The invention is based on the object of designing a device of the type explained at the beginning in such a way that

a perfect shredding of the small wood supplied is achieved.

In the device of the generic type, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the discharge chute only in the area between the two reaching up to the vicinity of the cylindrical inside of the housing jacket Slices a passage opening for the chopped wood

has, while he is in the area axially in front of c ^ r first Disc is struck off by a baffle, riie as a continuation of the cylindrical housing jacket 5

is and on its inside has blow bars, which extend radially up to close to that of the sharpener, the '.vurfflügel described circle extend.

With this training it is achieved that the neon is too large Pieces of wood that do not pass through the opening in the first pane into the space between the two panes can, taking at least one additional rotation of the rotor with you, and at the same time using the V.'urfflügel the blow bars are crushed finer .. If they then are small enough to be able to pass through said opening, they become due to the acting on them Centrifugal forces thrown out through the opening of the discharge chute next to the baffle wall

It is advantageous if the blow bars extend axially parallel and in the direction of rotation of the rotor Behind the discharge chute on the inside of the housing, further blow bars are attached, which are inclined to the axial direction run in such a way that their free ends are closer to a radial plane running through the rotor axis and located in front of these ends in the direction of rotation than their opposite, up to the adjacent, the cleaver facing the housing wall reaching ends.

The not yet sufficiently shredded pieces of wood are in their additional rotation in the direction of rotation behind the Discharge chute through the inclined blow bars according to their Comminution is directed into the space between the two discs by the axially parallel blow bars, from which it is can then exit through the passage opening after completion of the additional circulation.

He, "is advantageous if the width of the tine of the vanes opposite the blow bars in the

substantially corresponds to the length of the blow bars. In 5

This is because it is not necessary in this area for several prongs to be arranged next to one another.

In a further development of the invention it is provided that the

between the prongs of the spreader vanes gripping strips 10

of the breaking comb only in the area of the passage opening of the discharge chute are provided. This achieves that pieces of wood that are still too large may still be shredded again shortly before ejection

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For this purpose it is advantageous if the free ends of the ridges of the breaking comb have teeth.

It cannot be ruled out that through the opening alongside Use the chopping knife to pass whole pieces of wood through the first slice, especially thin branches or the like in their longitudinal direction. For this one. In the case, it is favorable if in the direction of rotation of the rotor in front of the crusher comb and at a distance from this m cutting knife in grip essentially radially between the prongs of the vanes. This cutting knife can be in the same Levels lie like the breaking comb following in the direction of rotation.

The unscrushed pieces of wood that got into the space between the two discs in the manner described are carried along in this way by the vanes and shredded on the cutting blades; during the short Rotary step, which corresponds to the distance between these cutting knives and the breaking comb, are the crushed ones Pieces of wood by whirling movements and the like. Moved, so that they are from the subsequent breaking comb

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be crushed again.

In order to have good access to the rotor, the hooks ur.d to create the described elements of the Nachzerkleir.erungseinrichtung, for example when necessary Repair work, it is advantageous if the upper part of the housing, which has the discharge chute, around a horizontal one Axis can be swiveled.

For feeding the device for comminuting Small wood with the two-chamber system provided according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous to '-renn the feed-

, _ shaft in two at right angles to each other, the 15th

The longitudinal sectional planes containing the rotor axis is arranged at an angle to the axis of rotation such that its central axis is inclined at an acute angle ^ - against the direction of rotation of the rotor and is inclined towards the disk by an acute angle / 2 ».

With this arrangement of the intake chute it is ensured that the supplied wood, generally branches and smaller trunks, is entered in the direction of rotation of the rotor, so that it is carried along by this and drawn into the cutting device without any further external force. As a result, the wood that is fed in is shredded without being fanned out. Of course, such an arrangement is also advantageous in other devices that, for. B. have only one chamber.

An optimal through-cutting is achieved when the angle © C is about 40 ° and the angle / 3 is about 15 °, because then the optimal cutting angle of 45 ° is reached and at the same time the system of the wood to be shredded to the cutting edges is improved.

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A further improvement can be achieved in that the intake duct is rectangular in cross section and is attached to the housing twisted in such a way that its front side wall in the direction of rotation of the rotor is inclined at an acute angle ψ " to the vertical.

The angle ^ is preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.

In this training, one corner of the intake chute is lower than the other corners, so that the wood by itself runs into this corner and is already registered in the correct direction by the rotor.

It is advantageous if the intake chute is fastened to the housing in an adjustable manner with its angles of inclination.

According to a further feature of the invention, the free end of the intake chute has a filling funnel on, which can be pivoted about a substantially horizontal axis attached to the top of the feed chute is.

To feed in whole branches and trunks, the feed funnel is swiveled downwards while it is following is pivoted up, so that its filling opening according to shows above when roughly pre-chopped wood is to be entered.

When the hopper is swiveled up, the gusset is between its lower end and the free end of the Feed shaft covered by a pivotable, essentially U-shaped transition piece.

According to a further feature of the invention, two opposing intake rollers are in the intake shaft stored, the distance from one another is adjustable and one of which is drivable. With this training

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the feeding in of the uncrushed wood is further facilitated, with the adjustable, opposing feed rollers automatically adapting to the different wood thicknesses can customize.

The draw-in roller, which is arranged lower in the draw-in shaft, is preferably partially covered by stationary stripping plates covered.

The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment which is shown in the drawing.

Show it:

Figure 1 - a side view of a disc chopper according to the invention,

Figure 2 - a top view of the disc chopper shown in Figure 1,

Figure 3 - eir.en on an enlarged scale

Partial cross-section through the rotor and the chute in aer sectional plane III-III of Figure 4

Figure U - a top view of the area shown in Figure 3,

Figure 5 - a front view of the disc chopper with intake shaft,

Figure 6 - an enlarged view of a

Part of the feed chute with feed hopper in two positions.,

Figure 7 - a partial representation of the intake shaft with intake rollers and

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FIG. 8 - a top view of the intake chute of FIG. 7.

The device shown in the figures for shredding small wood 1 is a so-called Disc chopper 2. This consists essentially of a frame 3 and a housing 4 with a rotor shaft 5 mounted therein. The frame 3 has fastening elements 6 for a not shown here Attachment to ur.d takes over the bearing of the horizontally aligned rotor shaft 5.

The housing 4 consists of a housing wall 7 facing the frame 3 and an opposite housing wall 8 and a cylindrical housing jacket 9- The housing jacket 9 is attached to the frame 3 that the The rotor shaft 5 and the cylinder axis of the housing 4 are coaxial.

In the lower area of the housing 4 opens on the side of the housing wall 8, a feed shaft 10, while a Ejection chute 11 from the upper part of the cylindrical Housing jacket 9 goes out. Both the feed chute 10 as well as the discharge chute 11 have a rectangular cross section, the discharge chute 11 across the width of the housing 4 opens into the housing 3 from above in the tangential direction.

In its housing 4, the disc chopper 2 has a on the rotor shaft 5 mounted on the rotor 12, which consists essentially of a flat guide surface 13, a first disc 14 and a second disc 15 consists. The guide surface 13 and the two discs 14 and are arranged parallel to one another and are circular. The two disks 14 and 15, which extend into the Reach near the inside of the cylindrical housing jacket 9, are fixed at an axial distance from each other the rotor shaft 5 attached.

The flat guide surface 13 is also circular, however, axially displaceable on the rotor shaft 5

stored so that their distance from the benacr.oarten disc 5

14 can be set.

The German patent application contains more details P 31 27 387.4 of the applicant.

On the side facing the guide surface 18 of the first

Disk 14, two chopping knives 16 are offset by 180 ° attached that their approximately radially extending cutting edge protrudes axially beyond the plane of the disk and through a recess 18 in the guide surface 13 in the. Space between Iq

this and the opposite housing wall 8 protrudes.

The chopping knife 16 is attached to the first by means of screws 19 Disk attached, which in the area in front of the cutting edge 17 has a through-opening 20. The recess and the through-opening 20 thus represent; a connection between the space 21 between the two discs 14 and

15 and the space 22 between the first disc 14 and the opposite housing wall 8 ago.

Between the two disks 14 and 15 are approximately radial arranged spreader vanes 23 attached. The radially outer Ends of the vanes 23 are designed like a comb and thus have prongs 24, between which bars 25 engage can, which are part of a breaking comb 26, which is attached to the inside of the cylindrical housing jacket 9 is attached.

As FIGS. 3 and 4 show, the discharge chute 11 only in the area 21 between the two disks 14 and 15, which extend up to the vicinity of the cylindrical inside

of the housing jacket 9, a passage opening 27; in the area above room 22, d. H. approximately from the first disk 14 to the housing wall 8, the discharge chute 11 is covered by a baffle wall 28 which is designed as a continuation of the cylindrical housing jacket 9. On the inside of the baffle 28 are Blow bars 29 attached, which are axially parallel and

radially to close to the tips of the vanes 10

described circle extend. In this area, only one prong 24 'is provided on each spreader blade 23 The width thus essentially corresponds to the length of the blow bars 29.

In the direction of rotation of the rotor 12 denoted by 30 behind the discharge chute 11 further blow bars 31 attached to the inside of the housing. These blow bars 31 run obliquely to the axial direction in such a way that their to Housing center facing, free ends 32 closer to a

extending through the rotor axis and in the direction of rotation 30 in front of this The radial plane 33 located at the ends 32 lie as their opposite ends, which extend as far as the adjacent housing wall 8.

As FIG. 4 also shows, the strips 25 of the breaking comb 26, which grip between the prongs 24 of the spreader vanes 23, are only provided in the area of the passage opening 27 of the discharge chute 11. The free ends of these bars 25 have radially inwardly directed tines ³⁴ -

In the direction of rotation 30 in front of the breaking comb 26 and at a distance therefrom, cutting blades 35 grip essentially radially between the prongs 24 of the vanes 23. The cutting blades 35 lie in the same planes as those in the direction of rotation the following strips 25. They are attached by means of screws 36 a holder 37 attached to the outside of the case shell 9; by not shown

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Slots in the housing jacket 9 engage ir. The interior of the housing.

As can also be seen from Figure 3, the upper part of the housing 4, which has the discharge chute 11, from Separate lower part (parting line 38). In the area of the upper part of the housing 7 ur.d 8 is on both housing walls

Swivel bracket 39 attached, which is in a on the housing under-10

partially arranged pivot axis 40 are mounted. About this horizontal pivot axis 40, the upper part of the housing 4 can be swiveled away from the lower part.

When the disc chopper 2 is in operation, this becomes too much

Small-sized small wood 2 is fed to the rotor 12 through the intake shaft 10. This pushes in the direction of advance front end of the wood against the guide surface 13 and is due to the axially protruding from the recess 1S

Cutting edge 17 severed. The resulting! Chips 41 20th

pass through the passage opening 20 in the first disk 14 located in front of the cutting edge 17 in the direction of rotation 30 into the space 21 between the two disks 14 and 15. The centrifugal force of the rotor 12 flings the chips 41

_o _ radially outwards, being carried along in the direction of rotation 30 by the vanes 23. In the area of the passage opening 27 of the ejection chute 11, the cut chips reach the open air. Expediently, a blowpipe is flanged to the discharge chute 11, which

2Q guides the chips 41 into a loading wagon.

Larger pieces of wood that are not initially separated from the chopping knives 16 cannot pass through the opening 20 in the first disc 14 in the space 21 Gegg and are of the vanes 23 in the direction of rotation 30 taken within the room 22. Shortly before the discharge chute 11, these pieces are attached to the cutting

knives 35 crushed. During the short turning step between the cutting knives 35 and the following

_ The bars 25 of the crushing comb 26 are now moving b

crushed pieces also in the axial direction, so that they are crushed again on the strips 25 of the crushing comb 26. Since the ejection chute 11 is covered by the baffle 28 in the area of the space 22, these _n chipped pieces are now driven by the wide prongs 24 'of the spreader vanes 23 again one rotation, during which they are on the inclined to the housing center beater bars 31 in the Room 21 to be pushed. After this further rotation are the nachzer- ^ p ₅ chips then been reduced in the region of the passage opening 27 of the discharge chute 11 so that they can reach the outside.

Since also in the area of the passage opening 27 strips 25 of the crushing chamber 26 are provided, a post-crushing takes place here again.

As FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 show, the intake chute 10 is arranged at an angle to the rotor axis in two longitudinal sectional planes 42 and 43 which are perpendicular to one another and which contain the rotor axis. The inclination is such that the central axis of the feed chute 10, which is rectangular in cross section, is inclined by an acute angle <* cent against the direction of rotation 30 and to the housing wall 8 - and thus to the guide surface 13 and the disc 14 carrying the chopping knives 16 - at an acute angle ^ is sloping (in Fig. 1 the projection fi>' of β is shown). The optimal values are for <= * / about 40 ° and for ß about 15 °.

Due to the oblique arrangement of the draw-in shaft 10 it is guaranteed that the supplied Scr.v; aohhoiz 1 dem Rotor 12 is already fed in its direction of rotation, so that it pulls in the wood 1 without the action of external forces.

The twisted attachment of the feed chute 10 to the housing 4, which can be seen in FIG. 5, also contributes to this; the front side wall in the direction of rotation 30 of the rotor 12 44 of the intake chute 10 is inclined to the vertical (longitudinal sectional plane 42) by a pointed Wir.kel γ. This ensures that the supplied small wood 1 in the intake shaft 10 by itself on the inclined Bottom 45 of the feed chute 10 in desser. lowest corner 46 slips and thus optimally grasped by the chopping knives 16 can be. The angle is preferably between 5 ° and 10 °.

Viie already mentioned, the feed chute 10 can with its angles of inclination can be attached to the housing 4 so as to be adjustable. The training and arrangement of the adjustment device can be chosen at will.

FIG. 6 shows that a filling funnel 47 is attached to the free end of the intake chute and can be pivoted about a horizontal axis 48 attached to the top of the intake chute. ^{In its swiveled-away position shown in FIG. 1} with strong contours, the feed funnel 47 serves to feed log 1 ', while in its swiveled up position (47') it serves to feed pre-chopped wood I 1 '. In order to be able to determine the filling funnel 47 in its various positions, a perforated disk 49 is attached to the intake shaft 10. By means of a reversible pin, not shown, the free end of which engages in a bore in the filling funnel 47, this can be fixed in its horizontal, vertical or a central position.

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To in the swiveled up position (H? ') Of the funnel the freer. To cover the gusset between the lower end and the free end of the feed chute 10 is on

free end of the intake chute 10 a transition piece ^ n mounted by means of a pivot axis 51. This transition piece 50 has in the direction of that shown in FIG Arrow seen a U-shape, which in its 5th

Width of the width of the feed chute 10 and the hopper 47 corresponds. When swiveled up of the filling funnel 47 ', the transition piece 50 is also pivoted and locked to this. The pivoting of the transition piece 50 can be done manually, but it can An entrainment device is also provided on the hopper H7 be.

Finally, FIGS. 7 and 8 show that in the end area of the intake chute 10 two opposing intake rollers 52 and 53 are mounted upright. The feed roller 52 is driven by a hydraulic motor 54, while the opposite draw-in roller 53 is pivotable on a circular arc 55, so that 2Q the distance between the two feed rollers is variable. Appropriately, the feed roller 53 is pivotable away from the feed roller 52 against a spring, so that the distance between the two feed rollers automatically adapts to the thickness of the small wood supplied.

Since the two feed rollers 52 and 53 with their axes of rotation parallel to the side wall 44 and the opposite one Side wall of the intake chute 10 are mounted, they make in the case of an adjustment movement relative to the housing 4 with this adjustment movement.

As FIG. 8 shows, the intake roller 52 is supported by two fixed 35

Stripping plates 56 largely covered to prevent that foreign bodies get stuck between the feed roller and the walls of the feed chute 10.

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In the illustrated embodiment it is a feed shaft 10 in the lower area of the housing «one

Disk chopper 2 provided. The tilt ratios 5

of the feed chute 10 opposite the housing 4 are accordingly, if this opens into the housing in the upper area. When using a drum chopper, the The angle of inclination of the feed chute 10 can be varied so that the supply of the small wood to the. Chopping knives takes place on the circumferential side of the rotor in such a way that it ate the wood essentially in continuation of its feed direction pulls along.

Claims (1)

a » GRUNFCKER. KINKELDfiY. STOCKMAlR & PARTNER ρ · .'.-- · -JTANWAlTH 2U. 03. 1982 PH 17 194-18 / GM Alois Pöttinger
Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Grieskirchen (Upper Austria) Device for chopping small pieces of wood 20th Claims Device for shredding small wood with a having a feed chute and an ejection chute Housing in which a rotor is mounted, on which two circular ones at an axial distance from one another Discs are attached, the first of which at least a hack 30 protruding axially above the plane of the disk knife carries, in the vicinity of which in the first disc an opening for the passage of the shredded wood in the space between the two disks is incorporated, and the approximately radially arranged between them Carry spreader vanes, the radially outer ends of which are comb-like 35 are provided with prongs, between which strips one on the cylindrical inside during the rotor rotation Breeh comb attached to the housing jacket -X- • l. grab, characterized that the discharge chute (11) only in the area (21) between the two up to the vicinity of the cylindrical. Inside the housing shell (9) reaching disks (14, 15) a passage opening (27) for the comminuted Wood (41), while in the area (22) axially in front of the first disc (14) through a baffle (28) is covered, which is designed as a continuation of the cylindrical housing jacket (9) and on its inside Has blow bars (29), which are radially up to close to the described by the tips of the vanes (23) Extend circle. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blow bars (29) extend axially parallel and that in the direction of rotation (30) of the rotor (12) behind the discharge chute (11) on the On the inside of the housing, further blow bars (31) are attached, which run obliquely to the axial direction in such a way that that their free ends (32) pointing towards the middle of the housing closer to a radial plane (33) through the rotor axis and in the direction of rotation (30) in front of these ends (32) lie as their opposite, up to the adjacent housing wall (8) facing the chopping knife (16) reaching ends. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the width of the Impact bars (29) opposite prong (24 ') of the vanes (23) essentially the length of the blow bars (29) corresponds. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the between the Prongs (24) of the vanes (23) gripping strips (25) of the crushing comb (26) only in the area of the passage opening (27) of the discharge chute (11) are provided. -3- 5. Device according to one of claims 1 ice 4, characterized characterized in that the free ends of the strips (25) of the breaking comb (26) have prongs (34). 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that in ^ direction of rotation (30) of the rotor (12) in front of the breaking comb (26) and at a distance from this cutting knife (35) grip essentially radially between the prongs (24) of the spreader vanes (23). 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the cutting knife (35) in the same Levels lie like the strips following in the direction of rotation (25). 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the the Discharge chute (11) having upper part of the housing (U) can be pivoted about a horizontal axis (UO). 9. Device for shredding small wood with a feed chute and an ejection chute Housing in which a rotor is mounted, on which at least one disk with at least one axially above chopping knife is attached, in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that that the intake chute (10) in two mutually perpendicular, longitudinal sectional planes containing the rotor axis (42, 43) is arranged at an angle to the axis of rotation such that its central axis around a acute angle (■ »<-) against the direction of rotation (30) of the The rotor (12) is inclined and sloping towards the disc (14) at an acute angle (/ ^). 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that g e k «. · Η r. draws that the feed chute (10) is rectangular in cross-section and rotated in such a way is attached to the housing that its front side wall (44) in the direction of rotation (30) of the rotor (12) inclined at an acute angle (^ f-) to the vertical (42) is. 11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the angle ( ⁰ ^) is approximately 40 ° and the angle (/ 3) is approximately 15 °. 12. Apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the angle (^) is approximately 5 ° to 10 °. 13. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the feed shaft (10) is fastened with its angles of inclination adjustable on the housing (4). 4. Device according to one of claims 9 to 1 3, characterized in that the free end of the Feed chute (10) has a funnel (47). has around one at the top of the feed chute (10) attached, essentially horizontal axis (48) is pivotable. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 4, characterized in that when the hopper is pivoted up (47 ') the gusset between its lower end and the free end of the feed chute (10) through a pivotable, substantially U-shaped transition piece (50) is covered. 61 16. Device according to one of claims 9 or 15, characterized in that. in the Feed shaft (10) two feed rollers (52, 53) lying opposite one another are mounted, the distance between them is adjustable to each other and from der.er. one (52) can be driven. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the in the feed shaft (10) lower arranged intake roller (52) is partially covered by stationary stripping plates (56).