DE3123484C2 - Shredding device for fibrous material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a comminution device for fibrous material, preferably waste material made of mineral materials, e.g. glass wool. In order to be able to melt down such waste again, it is necessary that it is comminuted to the required extent, which up to now had to be carried out manually due to a lack of suitable devices. According to the invention, for example by means of a conventional cutting mechanism (11), the material is gripped by a large number of hammer-like elements (28) rotating around a common axis and moved by these in the direction of numerous mutually spaced rods (34) parallel to the axis of rotation the hammer-like elements (28) are arranged. The rotating hammer-like elements (28) and the stationary rods (34) form cooperating breaking and shearing elements between which the fibrous waste material is sufficiently comminuted so that it can be fed back into the melt in dosed quantities. The device is mainly used for the shredding of waste glass fibers or glass fiber products in order to recover this material in the recycling process and thus save energy and raw materials.

Description

a) below the hammer-like elements (28), the trajectory of which follows closely, as counter-elements numerous, mutually spaced rods (34) parallel to remove the goods are arranged to the axis of rotation of the hammer-like elements (2b) and

b) the hammer-like elements (28) with their sharp edge (39) with the sharp-edged upper edges (40) of the rods (34) cooperate in such a way that the rotating hammer-like elements (28) and stationary Rods (34) form breaking and shearing elements for the fibrous material.

2. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that opposite the hammer-like elements (28) an inclined guide wall (37) is arranged for the chamfered material, the lower edge (38) of which is ^{opposite to the de r} direction of rotation of the hammer-like elements (28) the highest positioned rod (34) is adjacent.

3. Crushing device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the hammer-like Elements (28) and the rods (34) in the housing that can be loaded with the fibrous material from above (15) of the comminuting device (10) are arranged eccentrically.

4. Crushing device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hammer-like Elements (28) expand conically outwards and have a convexly curved outer edge (35) have.

5. Crushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the length of the convex curved outer edge (35) of each hammer-like element (28) is greater than the distance between the individual rods (34).

6. Crushing device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rods (34) and the inclined guide wall (37) are combined to form a pull-out unit.

7. Crushing device according to claims I and 6, characterized in that the structural unit Is adjustable in height to the distance between the rods (34) and the hammer-like elements (28) to be set differently.

8. Crushing device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cross section of the rods (34a) is trapezoidal, tapering downwards.

The invention relates to a shredding device for fibrous material according to the preamble of claim 1.

For reasons of cost savings as well as overriding economic considerations (savings energy and raw materials) also exists in the fiber optic manufacturing and processing industry an ever-increasing need to quickly and simply fed back into the melting process. Since there is waste of fiberglass or fiberglass products As a rule, very voluminous goods are involved, and their crushing is particularly important to, since it can only be added to the molten glass in a sufficiently crushed state. Until now if the waste from glass fibers or glass fiber products has been shredded manually using suitable tools, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive and therefore uneconomical

In the generic references (FR 22 99 427) and US 16 39 568 are the rotating Hammer-like elements as a fixed counter-element Corrugated plates juxtaposed in the upper left half of the circular movement path the hammer-like elements. The devices according to the cited documents have a sieve in each case provided, which can not form a breaking and shearing element. Furthermore, between the outer ends of the hammer-like elements of the known devices and the toothed plates a more or less large Distance available. The corrugated plates can due to their arrangement and training, even if they should contain sharp-edged webs, and do not form any breaking or shearing elements for the glass fibers. at Use of these glass fiber chopping devices became the same after loading Block the hammer-like elements after just a few turns. Under no circumstances would it be crushed of the glass fibers.

The invention is therefore based on the Auf ^ zbe, a structurally simple shredding device for fibrous material or waste material from mineral materials, such as for example to create glass fibers that continuously shred the material so largely that it is in the Melt can be returned.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in a comminuting device of the generic type by the in the characterizing part of claim 1 specified features solved.

Such a comminuting device is structurally relatively simple and enables a continuous Comminution of z. B. Waste from fiberglass or fiberglass products to a size suitable for a Returning metered amounts into the glass melt is suitable. That already in an upstream Work step by means of a conventional cutting device, relatively coarsely shredded fibrous material is advantageously drawn by the rotating hammer-like elements against the bars, where it is between the ends of the hammer-like elements and the rods is broken or sheared, which is both for applies to individual fibers as well as to fiber bundles or any fiber clusters. The crushed so obtained As already mentioned above, fibrous material can either be fed directly to the melt or only after another grinding process in a conventional mill. Such mills set in already largely shredded fibrous material ahead.

soft with the previously known shredding devices (cutting units) with counter-rotating Knife rollers are working, was not available.

So-called impact crushers are already known for crushing pieces of glass into fragments work with rotating hammer-like elements, which, however, interact with a baffle. The grate present in these known impact crushers below the rotating elements of this type only fulfills a sorting function by holding back glass pieces that have not yet been sufficiently shredded so that they can be caught again by the rotating hammer-like elements and shattered further.

If, according to the invention, the hammer-like elements with a sch. fen edge with the same If the sharp-edged upper edges of the bars work together, the breaking and shearing effect is created improved

According to a further embodiment of the invention, one is advantageous over the urinary elements inclined guide wall arranged for the fibrous material, the lower edge of which is highest at the opposite of the direction of rotation of the hammer-like elements positioned rod is adjacent. This sloping downward guide wall makes it easier to grasp and Pulling in of the fibrous material through the rotating, hammer-like elements in the direction of the crushing and Shear area.

According to a further feature of the invention, the hammer-like elements and the rods are in that of Above with the fibrous material loadable housing of the shredding device arranged eccentrically, whereby a compact design is advantageously possible.

The hammer-like elements can expand conically outwards and a convexly curved one Have outer edge.

In practice, it has also proven to be useful if the length of the convexly curved outer edge of each hammer-like element is greater than the Distance between the individual bars.

If, according to yet another embodiment of the invention, the rods and the inclined guide wall close are combined in a pull-out unit, Ger will have access to the essential functions Sharing of the shredding device for cleaning, repair or replacement work facilitated.

Appropriately, the unit is adjustable in height to the distance between the rods and the hammer-like Set elements differently.

The cross section of the rods is advantageously trapezoidal, tapering downwards.

The invention will then be explained with reference to the drawings of an exemplary embodiment. It shows

Fig. 1 is a side view of the comminuting device;

F i g. FIG. 2 is a front view of the FIG. 1 shown device, partially cut open and

F i g. 3 shows a partial section of the rods with a modified cross section.

The comminution device designated by 10 in the figures forms part of a comminution plant for waste from glass fibers or glass fiber products, ζ. B. cast wool. The crusher A conventional, motor-driven cutting unit 11 with measuring rollers (not shown) is connected upstream to which the material to be treated is fed through a funnel 12 or other feed organs will. In the cutting unit 11, the material is coarsely chopped up. nert and then through an inlet opening 13 in the top wall 14 of a housing 15 into the comminuting device 10 introduced. It is emphasized at this point that those leaving the cutting mechanism 11 are comminuted Particles for direct supply to the melt are still significantly too large and in the inventive Crushing device 10 still have to be further reduced in volume.

As already mentioned above, the shredding device 10 has a housing 15 through its side walls 16 a shaft 17 extends in an eccentric arrangement with both ends outward. This shaft 17 is mounted in bearing blocks 18, which are placed on supports 19 (a supporting structure), which in turn are attached to the side walls 16. The shaft 17 carries a belt pulley at its left free end (FIG. 2) 20, which is drive-connected to an electric motor via a V-belt To IhrT · *! according to FIG. 2 On the right end, the shaft 17 carries a flywheel 22.

Within the housing 15, numerous disks 23 are fastened on the shaft 17, which are secured by spacers 24 kept at the same distance from each other and each with four diametrically on a common diameter Opposite openings 25 are provided through which rods 26 extend. These Rods 26 are axially fixed by nuts 27 screwed onto their ends the discs 23 hammer-like elements 28 suspended pendulum. When the shaft 17 by the motor is rotated counterclockwise according to Fig. I, the hammer-like elements 28 take their radially deflected working positions (Fig. 1).

A part 29 of the front wall of the housing 15 is attached to two cheeks 30, which are mounted on rails via rollers 31 32 are slidable. These rails 32 extend through openings 33 in the front wall part 29 the inside of the housing 15 to the outside and form a part ler supporting rod structure for the shredding device 10.

A plurality of rods 34 are fastened between the cheeks 30, axially parallel to the shaft 17 and the rods 26.

The upper edges of these rods 34 closely follow the circular movement path of the convexly curved one Outer edges 35 of the hammer-like elements 28.

Between the cheeks 30 also extends above a stiffening plate 36 an inclined guide wall 37 for the material to be comminuted falling through the opening 13. Via the lower edge 38 of this guide wall 37 is adjacent to the one shown in FIG. 1 to the left of the highest positioned rod 34.
The distance between the rods 34 and the outer edges 35 of the rotating elements 28 can be adjusted by means of adjusting screws 44 which act on transverse strips 45 on which the rails 32 sit. This adjustment of the distance enables selectively setting the Zerklein ', i ^- ungsgröße and a wear compensation.

According to FIG. 1 counterclockwise rotating shaft 17, the incident material is partially direct captured by the hammer-like elements 28 and taken along or by the inclined guide wall 37 directed downwards in the direction of the rotating hammer-like elements 28, so that the latter also this part of the goods can be grasped and moved in the direction of the rods 34. The leading sharp edges 39 of the

conically outwardly expanding hammer-like elements 28 break or shear in cooperation with the sharp edges 40 of the rods 34, the material drawn in in the above manner and shredded this to the extent required for return to the melt. The comminuted material falls through the gaps between the rods 34 down and passes through the outlet opening 41 z. B. on a not shown Conveyor that transports the shredded material into a storage container, from which it is fed into the in Melt can be returned.

The material is so largely crushed by the device 10 that it can also be in one if desired Mill can be further processed and only then returned to the melt.

For cleaning or replacement or repair purposes, the front wall part 29, the two Cheeks 30, the stiffening plate 36, the inclined guide wall 37 and the rods 34 existing structural unit can be pulled forward out of the housing 15 via handles 42 on the rails 32, after the twist locks 43 at the two lateral ends of the front wall part 29 have previously been released are. These rotary fasteners 43 are of conventional design and therefore do not require any further explanation. In order to enable the above-mentioned height adjustment of the rods 34 are in the front wall part 29 elongated holes are provided for the twist locks 43, which have to be loosened for this purpose.

The trapezoidal cross-section of the rods 34a (FIG. 3) jo creates through openings for the comminuted material that expand downwards and counteract clogging.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

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Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Crushing device for fibrous material, with a plurality of in a housing around a common axis rotating on a motor-driven shaft in diametrically opposite one another Rows of pendularly suspended, sharp-edged hammer-like elements, to which fixed counter-elements for shredding fibers are assigned, characterized in that for the comminution of fibrous material from mineral Substances, in particular glass fibers or structures made of such fibers, e.g. B. glass wool, glass mats or similar