DE3234485A1 - Device for comminuting refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for comminuting refuse of all kinds, which comprises in a housing two drawing-in shafts driven so as to run in opposite directions to one another and extending parallel and spaced apart from one another, on which shafts blade discs which are arranged offset axially with respect to one another and engage in one another are provided fixed in terms of rotation, which blade discs have on their circumference projections in the form of teeth which are arranged offset in the circumferential direction from blade disc to blade disc in each case of one shaft. Connected downstream of the drawing-in shafts is at least one further shaft running parallel to the latter which bears devices for cleaning the drawing-in shaft located nearest to it and/or for comminuting the refuse which is delivered crushed by the input shafts (Fig. 1). <IMAGE>

Description

Karl Ackermann, Marktplatz, 8332 Massing / Rott

Shredding device for waste

The invention relates to a device for comminuting of all kinds of waste, in which two parallel spaced apart running in opposite directions in a housing driven feed shafts are arranged on which mutually axially offset, interlocking Cutter disks are non-rotatably provided, which protrude on their circumference in the form of teeth

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have, which from knife disc to knife disc each of a shaft arranged offset in the circumferential direction are.

Under waste of all kinds is combustible waste like. Wood, also poles and branches, organic waste such as grass, leaves and flowers, cardboard, paper, books., textiles such as fabrics, leather, foils, items of clothing, but also incombustible waste, such as containers made of sheet metal and plastics, bones, glass or porcelain, ' Understood"

In devices of the type mentioned above is to free the feed rollers from the during the The process of jamming waste usually requires a scraper or rake. Such scrapers but also clog in the course of the tent. This is especially true when processing wet garbage. ' The waste that hardens over time then acts like a brake block for those equipped with the cutter disks Waves, so that the power requirement for their drive increases considerably and the throughput the device drops significantly.

The object of the invention is to create a crushing

regeneration device for waste of all kinds, their cutting process Can be carried out energy-saving and which is suitable for the supplied in any size To shred waste to a largely uniform grain size.

According to the invention, this is achieved in that the intake shafts at least one further shaft running parallel to these is connected downstream, the devices for cleaning the intake shaft lying next to it and / or for further shredding the pre-shredded waste delivered by the intake shaft.

By one or more other waves that lead to the Feeding and pre-shredding of the waste serving two intake shafts are connected downstream, the latter are grounded kept free of waste. A scraper or which becomes a brake block during the work process Rake for the intake shafts can therefore be omitted. As a result of the achieved by the downstream shaft (s) The removal of the waste that is jammed between the cutter disks from the intake shafts is essential for the Driving these shafts, the force required is significantly reduced.

Should the downstream shafts only be the

Serve cleaning and clearing of the upstream shafts, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, they can have a plurality of rotationally fixed, radially outwardly protruding projections _t which sit in the gap to the cutter disks of the feed shaft lying next to this and, when the shafts rotate, in the gaps between the cutter disks of the feed shaft protrude. Here, the projections of the downstream shaft on the circumference of the Krels. of disks, projecting radially outward, and possibly forming extensions that are movable relative to the disk, each disk bearing one or more such projections or extensions.

The width of the projections and possibly also the width of the panes of the downstream Shafts in the axial direction is less than the distance between the cutter disks of the respective associated feed shaft, the projections easily grip into the through the Gaps formed between the cutter disks of the intake shaft and can clear out the goods jammed therein. The speed of rotation of the downstream shaft used for clearing can be compared to the speed higher than the shaft to be cleaned.

In the clearing and cleaning effect with a re-shredding

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To combine the waste that has passed through the intake shafts, it is preferred according to one Training, the invention of advantage, the projections of the downstream shaft on the circumference of cutting disks in the form of teeth, each cutting disk having one or more such teeth can. The width of the cutter disks of the downstream shaft corresponds roughly to the distance the cutter disks of the feed shaft. This ensures that the eggs are located between the knife disks Jammed waste material located in the intake shaft the projections formed as teeth of the nachgecchaltaten shaft is freed and then with the help of the Scissor-like interacting cutter disks of the intake shaft and the downstream shaft are re-shredded will.

A further chopping process is thus combined with the cleaning process. To improve this effect, the speed of rotation of the downstream shaft is preferably greater than that of the upstream shaft Waves chosen. Since each knife disc, at least that of the downstream shafts, not just one, but several Teeth, the effect of the faster rotation of this shaft is increased again, the material «wipe torn up the cutter disks of the individual shafts and

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crushed over and over again.

To achieve a uniform grain size of the processed Waste, it is also advantageous to have the housing of the shredding device on the outlet side with a Sieve of determinable hole size to complete which is arranged at a determinable distance from the shafts. This sieve is used in conjunction with the rotating ones Waves to the waste that was not sufficiently shredded in the first pass through the shredding device to feed, since the material retained by the sieve is picked up again by the projections of the rotating shafts and is torn upwards, so that this enters the cutting process of the device again. Through this the grain size of the crushed waste obtained can be standardized.

To further save energy during the operation of the comminuting device, they are in the axial direction adjacent projections of at least one shaft arranged irregularly offset from one another in the circumferential direction. This causes an unsynchronous intervention of the Projections in the material supplied to them enables and the power requirement compared to devices is reduced where several projections come into engagement at the same time. In addition, according to another preferred

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Formation of the invention, the projections of at least one shaft beveled on both sides towards its free end and their surfaces enclose an angle of 4o to 7o, preferably 5o, with one another. This too is compared to the power requirement of the devices according to the invention the previously known devices greatly reduced, because teeth formed in this way share the supplied Material already by wedge effect before this between the knife edges in pairs assigned waves arrives. Apart from the energy savings already mentioned, this design the material wear of the device is also considerably reduced, so that its service life is increased, and thus in turn a cost saving is achieved.

Details of the invention emerge from the following description of an exemplary embodiment the drawing. Show in here?

Prop. 1 is a sectional view of an inventive Device for shredding waste with three shafts equipped with knife disks, Fig. 2 is a plan view of a feed shaft with a downstream shaft, which with intermeshing Knife disks is equipped, Fig. 3 is a sectional view of an inventive

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Shredding device with a total of four shafts,

Fig. 4 is a top view of one with knife disks.

stocked intake shaft, which is designed exclusively as a clearing and cleaning device Shaft with relative to this movable, hook-shaped, rotatably arranged on the shaft Projections are connected downstream,

2? Ig.5 a slice of a: used for cleaning purposes Shaft, the projections of which are arranged so as to be movable relative to the disk ^,

6 shows a sectional view through a pull-in nose a knife disc with the side surfaces of the nose at an angle of 5o ° are beveled,

7 shows a side view in a broken representation a retractable nose of a knife disc and

. 8 shows a plan view of two shafts with knife disks, their pull-in lugs are irregular in the circumferential direction of the individual knife disks are arranged offset.

In the individual figures, the corresponding parts are marked with corresponding reference symbols.

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In Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a device shown for shredding waste. It comprises a housing 1, which of legs 2 at a certain distance carried off the ground. On the housing 1 is a funnel 3 provided, through which the material to be crushed, which is in bulk or stangenförmlges Gut may arise, is fed to the shredding tools located in the housing. The shredding tools include two parallel feed shafts 4, 5, which rotate in opposite directions to each other. Bear the waves 4,5 axially offset from one another arranged, interlocking knife disks 6,7, which on their circumference as Teeth 8,9 have formed protrusions. The massager 6.7 are rotatably mounted on the shafts 4.5. Your teeth 8 and 9 are from knife disc to knife disc 6 and 7 of the respective associated shafts 4 and 5, respectively, arranged offset in the circumferential direction, as in particular can easily be seen in connection with FIG. This offset of the teeth 8 and 9 is achieved that When rotating the shafts 4.5, never several teeth 8 or 9 of a shaft 4 or 5 simultaneously in engagement with the Supplied goods come, whereby the force expended in the cutting process can be reduced.

The intake shafts 4 and 5 of the shredding device shown in FIG. 1 is another parallel to these

downstream running wave Io, which corresponds to the Shafts 4.5 is equipped with cutter disks 11, which with the cutter disks 7 of the shaft 5 upstream of it Sit in a gap and protrude into the gaps between the cutter disks 7 of the shaft 5 when the shafts 4, 5 rotate. The shaft Io rotates in the opposite direction to the shaft 5 and rotates at a greater speed than this. Each cutter disk 11 has two teeth 12, 13. Through this their effectiveness for clearing out the cutter disks 7 and for the additional shredding of the waste is still improved.

The bottom of the housing 1 is formed by a sieve 14, which in a determinable, relatively small distance runs from the cutter disks 6.7. From the drawing it can be seen that the arrangement of the screen 14 is chosen so that the teeth 12,13 of the downstream broaching and cutting shaft Re-grasp any material that has not passed through the sieve, pull it up and place it on the cutting tool in the housing 1 can be fed again.

The shredding device shown in Fig. 3 differs from the device shown in Fig. 1 only in that that not only shaft 5 but also shaft 4 has a shaft 15 with cutter disks 16 for clearing jamming between the cutter disks 6 of the shaft 4

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Waste is provided. The shaft 15 rotates in the opposite direction to the shaft 4 and at the same time in opposite directions to the Wave io. The sieve 14 is located in this device below the cutter disks 16, 11 of the two broaching and re-crushing shafts 15, Io and in fact to a small extent Distance from their orbit .. '

In Fig. 2 are the opposing waves 5, Io with their cutter disks 7, 11 coming into engagement with one another are shown in a plan view in order to illustrate their mode of operation. In particular, it can be seen here that the teeth 9, or 12 of the cutter disks 7 assigned to them, or offset in this way in the circumferential direction of their shafts 5 or Io are arranged that never two teeth 12 of the shaft Io or two teeth 9 of the shaft 5 simultaneously in engagement with the supplied waste to be shredded. This unsynchronized engagement of the shafts connected downstream 5, lo, which is also provided for the shafts 4, 5 or 4, 15 assigned to one another, is again particularly clear from the illustration according to FIG. 8. From this drawing it can also be seen that a drive motor 17 is coupled to the downstream shaft Io and the remaining shafts 5.4 are driven via a selectable transmission gear 18 at lower speeds.

From Fig. 2 the shape of the teeth 12 is already clear,

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which is shown enlarged again in FIG. The side surfaces 12a, 12b running towards their free end of a tooth 12 are beveled and run at an angle of approximately 5o to one another. In Fig. 7 is a side view of a tooth 12 shown in a broken representation, from which its shape in the form of a so-called is recognizable.

In FIG. 4 there is another design of one of the shafts 5 shown downstream shaft 2o, which is used exclusively for cleaning and clearing the shaft 5. The wave carries narrow disks 21 at intervals, the thickness of which in the axial direction is significantly less than the distances between the cutter disks 7 of shaft 5 is. These disks 21 each sit in a gap with the cutter disks 7 of the shaft They are each equipped with four extensions 22. As can be seen from Fig. 5, there are four relative here to the disc 21 movably arranged extensions 22, the

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are each pivotable about bolts 23V. Such extensions have a particularly good cleaning effect when they engage in the gaps in the upstream shaft clogged with waste during the rotation of the shaft 2o. This cleaning effect is further promoted by the fact that its axial extent is selected to be small relative to the distance between the cutter disks 7, so that they can easily penetrate between the cutter disks, even if they are heavily clogged with waste ..

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Claims (1)

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Patent attorney 27 St3Äp September 16, 1982 ei OBB38 / S333 _My reference: llo / olo ibq Patent ansprü ch e 1.) Device for shredding waste of all kinds, in which two parallel spaced apart in a housing running in opposite directions driven feed shafts are arranged on which axially against each other staggered, interlocking knife disks are non-rotatably provided, which have projections in the form of teeth on their circumference, which of Knife disk to knife disk each of a shaft are arranged offset in the circumferential direction, dadurph marked that the Infeed shafts (4,5) are followed by at least one further shaft (lo, 15.2o) running parallel to them is the devices (11,12,16,21,22) for cleaning the intake shaft (4, 5) lying next to it and / or for further shredding that delivered by the intake shafts pre-shredded waste. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the on the subsequent, switched shaft (lo, 15,2o) provided by a plurality of rotatably arranged, radially behind externally protruding projections (12,3,21) are formed, - 2— which sit on the gap to the cutter disks (6,7) of the feed shaft (4,5) lying next to them and when rotating of the shafts protrude into the gaps between the cutter disks of the ■ feed shaft. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized marked, t that the projections (12,13,21) the downstream shaft (ll, 2o) on the circumference of Schuiban (11,21) are arranged and each disc (11,21) has one or more projections (12,13,22). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3 ,. ■ d a d u r c h e k e η η.ζ e i σ h η e t that the Projections of the nachgeschalfceten shaft as relative to Disk '211 movable extensions (22} are formed. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Width of the projections (22) "and possibly the width of them bearing washers (21) of the downstream shaft (s) (2o) in the axial direction is less than the distance between the cutter disks (7) of the respectively assigned feed shaft (5). 6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, d a d u r c h characterized in that the disks are used as knife disks (6,7,11) and the protrusions as teeth (8,9,12,13) »3- are formed, the cutter disks of the downstream shaft and those of the associated draw-in shaft engaging with one another. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axially successive projections at least a shaft are arranged irregularly offset from one another in the circumferential direction. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the The direction of rotation of each downstream shaft is opposite to the direction of rotation of the feed shaft lying next to it is. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Speed of rotation of at least one of the downstream shafts is greater than that of you assigned feed shaft. Io. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shafts share a common antrim '; (17) have and theirs respective speed of rotation, through an over- reduction gear (18) can be determined. 11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Housing (1) is closed on the outlet side by a screen (14) which is at a determinable distance from the im Housing located shafts is arranged. 12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Projections (2) of at least one shaft are beveled on both sides towards their free end and their surfaces (12a, h) an angle of 4o ° _ to 7o °, preferably of 5o °, include.