EP0291774B1 - Shredder with rotating knives - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a shredder for waste paper with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

In cutting roller shredders of this type, or the like for waste paper. are used, the waste material is gripped by the feed rollers, pushed in the direction of the feed nip of the cutting mechanism and there alternately gripped by the teeth of the cutting disks and torn into pieces into an inlet nip, the end edges of the cutting disks the waste paper gripped by the teeth in strips cut, which finally tear with increased tensile load and result in pieces of shredded waste paper, the return of which is avoided between the outside of the cutting mechanism and the side walls of the housing shaft by wipers.

Cutting roller shredders of this type are only suitable for processing limited compositions of the waste material and tend to malfunction if they differ.

For the processing of leafy material, an acute entry angle of the feed gap between the cutting disks is advantageous, but this results in poorer or even no absorption by the cutting unit in the case of thick packages or cardboard boxes.

Cutting roller shredders with very strong gripping and conveying feed rollers are for processing coarse Waste, cardboard boxes, wooden boxes and the like are well suited, but quickly lead to overloads and blockages in the case of leafy waste material.

A special problem is caused by long, thin material, such as the traction edges of computer printouts, cords, textile waste, in particular sacks, which start to wrap very easily on the feed rollers, thereby rendering them ineffective and causing malfunctions.

From AT 375.842 a cutting roller shredder has become known, in which the cutting rollers, consisting of cutting disks running over part of their circumference, are preceded by clearing rollers made of clearing disks, each of which engages between two cutting disks. As a result, the material that has been piled up in front of the cutting disks is removed and returned and fed back into the inlet gap. The inclusion of bulky goods is not particularly favored by these clearing discs.

The object of the invention is for a cutting roller shredder of the type mentioned at the outset to be able to provide an arrangement of the essential features with which the cutting roller shredder has waste material with a leafy structure, as well as long, thin, tough waste material that tends to wrap, and also such bulky form, such as cardboard boxes or the like. Can process effectively and without problems.

This object is solved by the characterizing part of claim 1 and claim 2.

The selection of the suitable range of features results in a cutting roller shredder with a very high specific throughput rate with trouble-free operation. By changing the individual features of claim 1 or 2 a particularly good adaptation to the waste is made. These configurations are particularly important together with the arrangement of the suitable angular range of the circumference in which the cutting disks converge and the entry angle for the waste material, so that a cutting roller shredder is created which can process both leafy and bulky waste material equally effectively and without problems.

It is also possible to change the pull-in properties of the cutting unit quickly and periodically by changing this angular range over the rotation of the cutting disks in order to alternately produce different pull-in properties and thereby be able to process waste material with very different properties.

Driving the cutting disks faster than the feed disks avoids clogging in front of the feed nip and the return of waste material on the outside of the feed rollers, while their contacting arrangement on the horizontal upper contact plane to the cutting disks of the cutting unit results in a particularly effective transfer of the waste material to the cutting unit.

The subclaims, which at the same time form part of the description, relate to particularly advantageous refinements of the invention which permit an increase in performance and / or a better adaptation to particular waste material.

Running the cutting disks into one another over a certain angular range determines the entry angle and thus the drawing-in behavior of the cutting roller shredder, a small angular range being more advantageous for the feeding of flaky waste material and a large angular range for bulky waste material. When using different sized, converging Cutting discs can be adapted to difficult-to-collect waste.

Ground end faces of the cutting disks result in good cutting of paper sheets and the rough peripheral surface means that the paper sheets are effectively drawn in, even when the feed gap is large.

The design of the teeth of the cutting discs results in sufficient aggressiveness with the simultaneous possibility of stripping and ensures a high mechanical strength and the rejection of large quantities for drawing in through the feed gap.

The staggered arrangement of the teeth results in a periodic cut that runs evenly over the axial length of the cutting rollers and largely avoids peak loads on the drive due to the distribution.

The return of shredded, stuck waste is prevented by the arrangement of the scrapers and avoids unnecessary additional loading of the cutting unit with waste.

For the further transport of stuck waste, it is advantageous for the orbits of the teeth of the cutting disks and the tooth-shaped drivers of the feed disks to temporarily approach or overlap each other.

In order to avoid clogging by waste material on the side walls of the hopper, the feed discs are arranged with a small gap in front of the side walls.

For a perfect delivery of the waste material from the feed discs to the cutting unit, it is cheap the tooth-shaped To provide drivers with at most radially extending front sides and to design the back sides to recede in an arc.

The number of drivers can be selected depending on which waste material is to be conveyed. The firmer and bulkier the waste, the higher the number of drivers.

The diameter of the feed disks should be smaller than the diameter of the cutting disks of the cutting mechanism in order to limit the conveying speed and in particular to be able to additionally enlarge the entry angle for bulky goods.

Depending on the intended delivery capacity, a feed disk can be juxtaposed with a different number of cutting disks; it is particularly advantageous if a feed disk works with two cutting disks.

The feed disks of both shafts are advantageously axially offset from one another by the thickness of a cutting disk, which makes the transfer of the waste material particularly favorable.

In the case of bulky but soft waste material, it is particularly advantageous to arrange the feed disks at an angle to the shaft, as a result of which the feed disks can get to different points of the waste goods during their circulation and attack them again and again, thereby ensuring the conveyance.

It is advantageous to align all panes identically if the waste material also contains parts that tend to wrap or clog.

If the proportion of the waste material is solid, it is advantageous to rotate the discs against each other by smaller angles, so that the feed discs attack more irregularly in the waste.

For particularly difficult to feed material, in which the stripping of the tooth-shaped drivers and the teeth of the cutting disks is important, it is possible to design the feed disks with an outline that deviates from the circular shape and to arrange them in accordance with the features of claim 23, so that with a good wiping effect no obstruction the components take place among each other.

So that a good cleaning of the cutting disks and their gaps can take place, it is advantageous to design the outlines according to the features of claim 24, whereby there is at least one cylindrical orbit of the feed disks or one orbit in which the feed disks in their greatest inclination, at least with their tooth-shaped Carriers can reach into the gaps between two cutting disks without hindrance results.

It is particularly effective if the feed disks are attached in a specific assignment in which the spaces between the cutting disks are cleared. With a particularly favorable design and arrangement of the feed disks, they can reach deeper between the cutting disks and clear them out.

To avoid winding, it is advantageous to arrange wipers between the side walls of the hopper and the feed rollers, which wipers are guided between adjacent feed disks and up to the shafts of the feed rollers and which prevent winding when the feed rollers are suitably arranged.
It is advantageous if the wipers with the top and bottom sides, on the shafts with obtuse angles, have edges which prevent goods from being drawn in between the shafts and wipers.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the undersides of the wipers end with the side walls of the shaft of the cutting unit forming an obtuse angle at them, so that the space between the wipers and the cutting unit does not become clogged with waste material and thereby cause malfunctions.

It is particularly favorable to arrange the top of the wipers at a distance above a horizontal plane running through the axes of the shafts, so that when the feed rollers return, which is switched on when overloaded, no material can get stuck, but is laid down loosely and when the feed rollers run in the direction of rotation in which the cutting unit is loaded, the material is taken again.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt durch einen Schneidwalzenzerkleinerer im Aufriß, schematisch,

Fig. 2

eine Ansicht auf einen Ausschnitt nach A-A des Schneidwalzenzerkleinerers senkrecht zu Fig.1 gesehen, schematisch und

Fig. 3

einen Ausschnitt des Fülltrichters.

The invention is described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.
It shows:

Fig. 1

3 shows a cross section through a cutting roller shredder in elevation, schematically,

Fig. 2

a view of a section to AA of the cutting roller shredder seen perpendicular to Fig.1, schematically and

Fig. 3

a section of the hopper.

The cutting roller shredder has a housing 1, which comprises a hopper 2 and an underlying vertical shaft 3, in which a cutting mechanism 4 is arranged, which consists of two parallel, horizontal, oppositely driven shafts 6, 6 'with cutting disks 7, 7 rotatably fitted thereon ', which are kept at a distance from spacers 8,8' and in which the cutting disks 7,7 'of the two shafts 6,6' are arranged alternately over an angular range 10,10 'of their circumference over a circumferential range 30, 30' and on a between the cutting gap 7, 7 'converge.

The cutting disks 7, 7 'are each provided with a tooth 11 or 11', the teeth of the opposing adjacent cutting disks 7 or 7 'alternately running into the feed gap 9 one after the other.

On the underside of the cutting unit 4, wipers 31, 31 'are attached to the side walls 21, 21' of the shaft 3 and are guided tangentially to the inner circumference of the spacers 8, 8 '.

The teeth 11, 11 'of the cutting disks 7, 7' have a radially oriented front side 24, a top side 25 perpendicular thereto and a rear side 26 which runs tangentially to the circumference of the cutting disc. The cutting disks 7, 7 'are provided with ground nitride surfaces and rough peripheral surfaces 23.

Upstream of the cutting unit 4 are two feed rollers 5, 5 ', laterally arranged in the hopper 2 at a short distance from the side walls 22, 22'.

The shafts 12, 12 'are aligned parallel to the shafts 6, 6' of the cutting mechanism 4 and driven in the same direction with them, at a lower speed.

On the shafts 12, 12 ', feed disks 13, 13' are attached at an inclination angle 29 in the same orientation at a distance 14, which have an elliptical outline, two tooth-shaped drivers 15, 15 'being mounted on each feed disk 13, 13' opposite one another , which have a radial front side 27 and a backward backward arc 28, which are arranged at circumferential locations 34, which is the longest radial beam 32 hits, which simultaneously runs in the direction of the large inclination of the feed disc 13 or 13 '.

The shape of the outline is chosen so that the distance of the circumferential point 34 of the longest radial beam 32, which runs at the greatest inclination, ie at the angle of inclination 29, from the axis of the shaft 12 the length of the shortest radial beam 33, which is perpendicular to the longest Radial beam 34 runs, corresponds.

The feed disks 13, 13 'of a shaft 12, 12' are each assigned to the cutting disks 7, 7 'of a shaft 6 or 6'.

The feed disks 13 or 13 'are mounted above a cutting disk 7 or 7' on a shaft 12 or 12 'and touch the upper, horizontal contact plane 18 of the cutting disks 7, 7' with their disk circumference and engage with the tooth-shaped drivers in the region of their greatest inclination 15, 15 'on its orbit 20 on both sides of this feed disk into the orbit 19 of the teeth 11 or 11', or into the spaces between the adjacent cutting disks.

An inlet angle 16 is formed from the feed disks 13, 13 'and the cutting disks 7, 7' with the root in the overlap point of the converging cutting disks 7, 7 'of both shafts 6, 6' of the cutting mechanism 4. Between the converging cutting disks 7,7 'of the two shafts 6,6' occurs an opening angle 17, the size of which is important for the drawing in of the waste material, while the inlet angle 16 forms the limitation for the reception of bulky waste material which is between the feed rollers 5.5 'must reach the cutting discs 7.7' so that they can be drawn in.

Scraper 36 and 36 'are attached to mounting plates 50 and 50' on the side walls 22 and 22 'of the hopper 2 , which are each guided between two feed disks 13, 13 and 13 ', 13' of the feed rollers 5 and 5 'up to the shafts 12 and 12' and enclose them over an angle 47 of approximately 90 degrees.

The wipers 36, 36 'have, on the undersides 39, 39', at the ends 51, 51 ', which face the shafts 12, 12', wiping edges 38, 38 'which pull material carried away from the shafts.

The undersides 39, 39 'form an obtuse angle 41 of more than 90 degrees with the tangents 40 to the shafts 12, 12'.

The undersides 39, 39 'are led to the side walls 21, 21' of the shaft 3, on which they meet at an obtuse angle 42 of more than 90 degrees, so that no material can accumulate at this point.

On the upper sides 43, 43 'of the wipers 36, 36', wiping edges 44, 44 'are attached to the ends 51, 51' facing the shafts 12, 12 '.

The upper sides 43, 43 'of the wipers 36, 36' form an obtuse angle 45 of more than 90 degrees with the tangents 46 to the shafts 12, 12 ', so that no material can accumulate when the cutting unit 4 and the feed rollers 5.5 'are switched to return in the event of overload. The wipers 36, 36 'end with the upper sides 43, 43' also on the side walls 22, 22 'of the hopper 2 at an obtuse angle 52 of more than 90 degrees.

The wipers 36, 36 'are guided with the upper sides 43, 43' at a distance above a horizontal plane 48 which runs through the axes 49 and 49 'of the shafts 12 and 12', thereby avoiding the build-up of material.

The feed disks 13, 13 'capture the waste material at all possible points and push it into the cutting unit 4 and at the same time clean the teeth 11, 11' and the spaces between the cutting disks 7, 7 ', but at the same time also the tooth-shaped drivers 15, 15'. by stripping each other.

The teeth 11, 11 'of the cutting discs 7, 7' capture the waste material and draw it between the opposing cutting discs, the cut being made at the edge between the end face and the peripheral surface 23, whereupon the cut strip is drawn in until the resistance becomes too great and tear the strips and produce chopped waste that is particularly suitable for feeding screw presses.

Claims (26)

1. A shredder with cutting rollers, more particularly for waste paper or cardboard and the like with a housing (1), comprising a filling funnel (2) and a vertical shaft (3), in which a cutting mechanism (4) is arranged, with two horizontal and parallel shafts (6, 6') driven in opposite directions, on which cutting discs (7, 7') are rotatably rigidly mounted, are spaced apart by spacing elements (8, 8'), are arranged so as to converge alternately from both shafts in a feed gap (9), and mesh with one another over an angular region (10, 10') of their circumference and are provided in each case with at least one tooth (11, 11') projecting beyond the circumference of the cutting disc (7, 7'), the teeth (11, 11') of adjacent cutting discs (7, 7') of the same shaft (6, 6') and also of the converging cutting discs (7, 7') of the opposite shaft (6, 6') being offset relative to one another and with two supply rollers (5, 5'), which are arranged free from overlap in the filling funnel (2) above the cutting mechanism (4), the shafts (12, 12') of the supply rollers lying parallel to the shafts (6, 6') of the cutting mechanism (4), being driven to rotate in the same direction as the shafts of the cutting mechanism and comprising supply discs (13, 13') rotationally rigidly mounted spaced apart and provided in each case with a plurality of tooth-shaped driving lugs (15, 15') projecting beyond the circumference, the diameter of said supply discs at the most corresponding to the diameter of the cutting discs (7, 7') and one supply disc (13, 13') being associated with a plurality of cutting discs (7, 7') of a shaft (6, 6') of the cutting mechanism, characterised in that the angular region (10, 10') of the circumference (30, 30') over which the cutting discs (7, 7') of both shafts (6, 6') of the cutting mechanism (4) mesh is between 45 and 120° and results in a angle of opening (17) of the feed gap (9) which is sufficient at least for the drawing in and cutting of waste paper separated into sheets and a charging angle (16) simultaneously formed between oppositely arranged supply discs (13, 13') of the two supply rollers (5, 5') with its root in the feed gap (9) measures between 45 and 100°, which is sufficient at least for the supply of bulky waste material up to a predetermined maximum size and with the rotation of the supply discs (13, 13') of oppositely arranged supply rollers (5, 5'), as a result of the discs' angular arrangement on their shafts (12, 12') deviating from the vertical position by an angle of inclination (29), periodically varies within a range from 45 to 100°, the supply discs (13, 13') contacting with the circumferential path (20) of the tooth-shaped driving lugs (15, 15') the circumferential path (19) of the teeth (11, 11') of the cutting discs (7, 7').
2. A shredder with cutting rollers, more particularly for waste paper or cardboard and the like with a housing (1), comprising a filling funnel (2) and a vertical shaft (3), in which a cutting mechanism (4) is arranged, with two horizontal and parallel shafts (6, 6') driven in opposite directions, on which cutting discs (7, 7') are rotatably rigidly mounted, are spaced apart by spacing elements (8, 8'), are arranged so as to converge alternately from both shafts in a feed gap (9), and mesh with one another over an angular region (10, 10') of their circumference and are provided in each case with at least one tooth (11 or 11') projecting beyond the circumference of the cutting disc (7, 7'), the teeth (11, 11') of adjacent cutting discs (7, 7') of the same shaft (6, 6') and also of the converging cutting discs (7, 7') of the opposite shaft (6 or 6') being offset relative to one another and with two supply rollers (5, 5'), which are arranged free from overlap in the filling funnel (2) above the cutting mechanism (4), the shafts (12, 12') of the supply rollers lying parallel to the shafts (6, 6') of the cutting mechanism (4), being driven to rotate in the same direction as the shafts of the cutting mechanism and comprising supply discs (13, 13') rotationally rigidly mounted spaced apart and provided in each case with a plurality of tooth-shaped driving lugs (15, 15') projecting beyond the circumference, the diameter of said supply discs at the most corresponding to the diameter of the cutting discs (7, 7') and one supply disc (13, 13') being associated with a plurality of cutting discs (7, 7') of a shaft (6 or 6') of the cutting mechanism, characterised in that the angular region (10, 10') of the circumference, over which oppositely arranged cutting discs (7, 7') of both shafts (6, 6') of the cutting mechanism (4) mesh, is not constant or periodically varies within an angular region of between 45 and 100° during a rotation of the cutting discs (7, 7').
3. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1, characterised in that the cutting discs (7, 7') mesh over an angular region (10, 10') of their circumference (30, 30'), which is substantially constant and equal for converging cutting discs (7, 7') of both shafts (6, 6') and is preferably between 45 and 120°.
4. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 2, characterised in that the cutting discs (7, 7') mesh over an angular region (10, 10') of their circumference (30, 30'), which differs for converging cutting discs (7, 7') of both shafts (6, 6') and is preferably between 45 and 120°.
5. A shredder with cutting rollers according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cutting discs (7, 7') are provided with ground end faces and with rough or roughened circumferential surfaces (23).
6. A shredder with cutting rollers according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cutting discs (7, 7') are provided with teeth (11, 11'), each tooth comprising a substantially radially extending front side (24), an upper side (25) substantially perpendicular to the front side and adjoining the upper side a rear side (28) extending backwards along a tangent to the circumference of the cutting discs (7, 7').
7. A shredder with cutting rollers according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the teeth (11, 11') of the cutting discs (7, 7') are arranged in such a manner that, in staggered succession, the teeth (11 or 11') of adjacent cutting discs (7, 7') of both shafts (6, 6') alternately enter the overlapping circumferential regions (30, 30') of the respective adjacent opposite cutting discs (7, 7').
8. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that wipers (31, 31') are introduced on the underside of the cutting mechanism (4) from the side walls (21, 21') of the shaft (3) between adjacent cutting discs (7, 7') tangential to the spacing elements (8, 8').
9. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1, characterised in that the supply discs (13, 13') engage with the tooth-shaped driving lugs (15, 15') between the circumferential path (19) of the teeth (11, 11') of adjacent cutting discs (7, 7') of a shaft (6 or 6').
10. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 9, characterised in that the tooth-shaped driving lugs (15, 15') of the supply discs (13, 13') and the teeth (11, 11') of the cutting discs (7, 7') are arranged in such a manner that they pass one another in close proximity.
11. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 10, characterised in that the circumferential path (20) of the tooth-shaped driving lugs (15, 15') is arranged at a short distance, preferably 5 to 10 mm, from the side walls (22, 22') of the filling funnel (2).
12. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 11, characterised in that the tooth-shaped driving lugs (15, 15') of the supply discs (13, 13') comprise a front side (27) which is at the most radial and a rear side (28) preferably extending backwards along an arc to the next driving lug.
13. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 12, characterised in that each supply disc (13, 13') is provided with two to eight tooth-shaped driving lugs (15, 15').
14. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim l or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 13, characterised in that the supply discs (13, 13') of the supply rollers (5, 5') have a diameter which is smaller, preferably 1/5 smaller than the diameter of the cutting discs (7, 7') of the cutting mechanism (4).
15. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 14, characterised in that two to four, preferably two cutting discs (7, 7') are associated with one supply disc (13, 13').
16. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 15, characterised in that the supply discs (13, 13') are axially offset relative to one another on both shafts (12, 12') by the thickness of one cutting disc (7, 7') and preferably have a smaller thickness than the cutting discs (7, 7').
17. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim l or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 16, characterised in that the supply discs (13, 13') are secured on the shafts (12, 12') of the supply rollers (5, 5') with an angle of inclination (29) deviating from a right angle by a maximum of 15 degrees.
18. A shredder with cutting rollers according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the angles of inclination (29) of all supply discs (13, 13') of a shaft (12, 12') are the same.
19. A shredder according to the two preceding claims, characterised in that the angles of inclination (29) of all supply discs (13, 13') of both supply rollers (5, 5') are the same.
20. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 19, characterised in that the angles of inclination (29) of adjacent supply discs (13, 13') are angularly offset relative to one another in the same direction of rotation about the shaft (12 or 12'), the overall displacement for all supply discs (13, 13') preferably forming at the most a full angle.
21. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 20, characterised in that the supply discs (13, 13') comprise a contour deviating from the circular shape, preferably an elliptical contour, the circumferential point (34) with the longest radius (32) being arranged with the angle of inclination (29) of the supply disc (13 and 13') and the circumferential point (35) with the shortest radius (33) being arranged perpendicular thereto and perpendicular to the shaft (12, 12') of the supply roller (5, 5').
22. A shredder with cutting rollers according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the supply discs (13, 13') comprise a contour, in which the circumferential point (34) with the longest radius (32) is arranged at a distance from the axis of the shaft (12 or 12') at least corresponding to the length of the shortest radius (33).
23. A shredder with cutting rollers according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims 3 or 5 to 22, characterised in that each supply disc (13, 13') with a perpendicular mounting on the shaft (12 or 12') or with a mounting of a circular supply disc is associated with an intermediate space between two cutting discs (7 or 7') and with a mounting with an angle of inclination (29) relative to the axis of the shaft (12 or 12') is arranged opposite a cutting disc (7 or 7') and is associated with the two intermediate spaces between the cutting discs (7 or 7') on either side of the opposite cutting disc.
24. A shredder with cutting rollers according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that wipers (36, 36') are associated with the supply rollers (5, 5') and are arranged between the shafts (12, 12') and the associated side walls (22, 22') of the filling funnel (2) and are guided in each case between two adjacent supply discs (13 and 13, 13' and 13') as far as the shafts (12 and 12') and enclose said shafts over an angle (47), relative to their axes (49, 49'), of at least 60° and preferably 90° or more.
25. A shredder with cutting rollers according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the wipers (36, 36') are arranged with their upper sides (43, 43') extending at a distance above a horizontal plane (48) through the axes (49, 49') of the shafts (12, 12').
26. A shredder with cutting rollers according to one or both of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wipers (36 or 36'), which are associated with a supply roller (5 or 5'), are secured in each case on a mounting plate (50 or 50'), which are detachably secured to the adjacent side walls (22 or 22') of the filling funnel (2).

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