EP0581269B1 - Système d'isolation thermique extérieure et de traitement de surface - Google Patents

Système d'isolation thermique extérieure et de traitement de surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0581269B1
EP0581269B1 EP93112067A EP93112067A EP0581269B1 EP 0581269 B1 EP0581269 B1 EP 0581269B1 EP 93112067 A EP93112067 A EP 93112067A EP 93112067 A EP93112067 A EP 93112067A EP 0581269 B1 EP0581269 B1 EP 0581269B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulating material
wall
outer coating
slot
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93112067A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0581269A2 (fr
EP0581269A3 (fr
Inventor
John R. S. Edgar
Kenneth Paul Wesley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sto SE and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Sto SE and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sto SE and Co KGaA filed Critical Sto SE and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0581269A2 publication Critical patent/EP0581269A2/fr
Publication of EP0581269A3 publication Critical patent/EP0581269A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0581269B1 publication Critical patent/EP0581269B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E04B1/765—Bottom edge finishing profile
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for thermal insulation and surface treatment of the outside of a building.
  • the surface sealing method tries to eliminate all openings in the wall through which water can pass.
  • the materials available to seal all of these openings are exposed to extreme weather conditions and movement of the building. Even if the problems due to inaccuracies at the place of work and poor craftsman services can be overcome and a perfect seal can be achieved, the weather conditions in practice are capable of causing the seals to be destroyed and to fail, so that openings in the wall are created, through which water can pass.
  • these openings can be extremely small and difficult to identify, so that even an extensive maintenance program is unable to keep the building free of such openings.
  • the other way to control rainwater penetration is to switch off the forces that drive or pull water into the wall.
  • forces are typically considered: kinetic energy, capillarity, gravitational pull, and wind pressure differences.
  • raindrops can be driven directly into large openings in the wall. However, if there is no direct path inside, they will Do not let raindrops penetrate deep into the wall. Where large openings, such as joints, are unavoidable, the use of boards, wedges, barriers or overlaps has proven to be successful in minimizing rain penetration caused by the kinetic energy of the raindrops.
  • the force of gravity causes water to move down the outside of a wall and into the wall through any downward sloping channels. In order to avoid the movement by joints caused by gravity, these are typically constructed inclined upwards from the outside. Unwanted cracks or openings are more difficult to control. If there is a cavity immediately behind the outer surface of the wall, any water that flows through the wall is then drained down under the force of gravity on the inner surface of the outer wall. At the bottom of the cavity, the water can then be drained to the outside by using inclined cover plates.
  • Pressure equalization casing is based on the theory that it neutralizes the air pressure difference across the casing (caused by wind) that causes water penetration. It is impossible to prevent wind from pressurizing a building, but it is possible to counteract the pressure of the wind so that the pressure difference across the outer wall cladding becomes approximately zero. If the pressure difference across the casing is zero, one of the main causes of rain penetration is eliminated.
  • a rain shield wall comprises two layers or layers separated from one another by an air space or a cavity.
  • the outer layer or casing is ventilated to the outside. If wind affects the facade of the building, a pressure difference is generated via the cladding; however, when the cavity behind the cladding is ventilated to the outside, the wind blowing against the wall also affects the cavity and causes the pressure in the cavity to increase until it has reached the outside pressure.
  • This concept of pressure equalization presupposes that the inner coating of the wall is airtight.
  • This inner layer which includes an air barrier, must be able to withstand the wind loads so that the pressure equalization can take place. If there are significant openings in the air barrier, no pressure equalization can occur in the cavity and water penetration can occur.
  • the state of the art includes the knowledge that optimal thermal insulation of a building is achieved if the insulating material is attached to the outside of the building. If thermal insulation is arranged on the outside of the building, thermal bridges formed by building elements are eliminated and a consistently high R-value is guaranteed.
  • the invention has for its object to provide external thermal insulation with rain shield structure, in which the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided or substantially mitigated.
  • the system according to the invention in which this object is achieved, is achieved by the features highlighted in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the invention is thus based on the knowledge that a pressure compensation cavity can be formed by an air-permeable thermal insulation between the load-bearing Structure and cladding is provided, as well as arrangements to allow air to flow into and out of the cavity. This enables the pressures to be compensated very quickly, but also ensures that surfaces of the thermal insulation in the installed state are not exposed to an air cavity.
  • a wall of a building designated 10
  • the load-bearing structure 12 includes vertical load-bearing punches 16, which are arranged at regular intervals, and a casing 18, which is fixed to the punches 16.
  • the load-bearing structure 12 can of course be created in any suitable manner, ie in concrete or steel construction or the like.
  • An airtight barrier 20 is provided over the shroud 18 and meets the guidelines for a type III air barrier of the NRC Institute for Research and Construction.
  • a suitable material for this purpose is a product known as Sto Flexyl, reinforced with a mesh called Sto Airbarrier Mesh; both materials are available from Sto Industries Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario.
  • the EIF system 14 can be applied after the building's load bearing structure 12 is erected, or it can be prefabricated in the form of panels, including the load bearing structure, which are then installed on the building. In any case, the structure of the EIF system 14 is the same and leads to a uniform structure that covers a certain area, e.g. covers a wall, part of a wall or a single panel that has defined edges. For convenience, the term "panel" is used below to refer to a unitary structure. This term is to be understood in the sense that there is no limitation to a separate, prefabricated unit.
  • the EIF system 14 consists of a layer of insulating material 28 and a laminate 27 which comprises a base coating 29, a glass fiber reinforcement mesh 30 and a surface coating 31. The base coat 29 and surface coating 31 extend over the exposed outer surfaces of each panel to prevent moisture from entering the insulation material 28, and the mesh 30 reinforces against cracking of the base coating 29 and surface coating 31, respectively.
  • an angle element 22 is fixed to the casing 18, that it runs along the lower edge 32 of the insulating material 28.
  • the angle element 22 has openings 24 which are arranged on its horizontal leg 26 are provided.
  • the openings 24 form a ventilation area which is larger than 1% of the panel area, and so about 26 holes with a diameter of about 2.5 cm per meter are necessary along the angle element 22 for an approximately 1.25 m high panel.
  • a ventilation area greater than 1 to 2% of the front surface of the system 14 has been found to be acceptable.
  • strips of glass fiber reinforcement mesh are first applied around the perimeter of the panel, that is, the area to be covered by the insulation material 28 to facilitate covering the exposed edges of the thermal insulation.
  • an insulation panel 28 is applied to the casing 18 to cover the area of the panel and is attached to the air barrier 20 by a suitable adhesive 21, which is preferably non-combustible.
  • a suitable adhesive is STO BTS-NC, available from STO Industries Canada, Inc.
  • the insulating material 28 is a suitable, air-permeable thermal insulation material which has sufficient pressure and tensile strength to support the coatings 29, 31. It has been shown that Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material, which is a mineral wool insulation material with a density of approximately 0.96 g / cm 3, is suitable for this purpose.
  • the Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material can be applied in various thicknesses of approximately 5, 7.5 or 10 cm, depending on the desired degree of insulation desired, and typically will be in individual panels 36 with dimensions of approximately 15 cm x 125 cm are provided which are applied to the load bearing structure 12 to cover the desired area.
  • the panels 36 are aligned so that their longitudinal edges 38, ie the 125 cm edges, are arranged vertically and a vertical butt joint, shown at 40, between adjacent ones Form panels 36 and extend to the angle element 22. Although the narrow edges of panels 36 are shown aligned in Fig. 3, it is common to vertically offset the narrow edges to mitigate the formation of cracks.
  • the Roxul External Wall Lamellas thermal insulation consists of mineral wool fibers, of which approximately 10% of the volume is taken up and 90% or more of air.
  • the fibers are arranged in the panel 36 so that they extend between the major surfaces of the panel so that, when fixed, the majority of the fibers extend perpendicular to the jacket 18. This arrangement ensures the necessary compressive and tensile strength, while at the same time forming a relatively permeable thermal insulation through which air can flow in a direction parallel to the casing 18.
  • a suitable coating material is STO BTS-NC, which is a polymer-modified coating based on Portland cement, which ensures an adhesive bond with the thermal insulation and serves as a carrier for decorative coatings.
  • the base coat 29 is reinforced by the glass fiber reinforcement network 30, which is alkali-resistant by pretreatment and which is embedded in the base coat 29 while the latter is still in a moist state.
  • the reinforcement mesh 30 is applied to the exposed edges of the insulation material in accordance with conventional installation procedures.
  • the net 30 also extends over the lower edge 32, but no coating 29 is applied to the area covered by the horizontal leg 26 of the angle element 22 to define a slot 35, so that air can flow freely through the openings 24 to and from the Insulation board 28 can move.
  • the corner element 22 thus protects part of the lower edge 32 while allowing the air flow into the thermal insulation.
  • the base coat 29 and the embedded mesh 30 can then be coated with a surface coating 31 of any of the conventional stucco synthetic primers and top coats available from STO Industries Canada Inc. for the top coat in the desired manner.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show experimental results which were obtained with the arrangement according to FIG. 1 on an experimental panel which showed a continuous increase in pressure over an extended period Period has been subjected. This is followed by an increase in the external pressure, as illustrated by the solid black line, immediately followed by an increase in the internal pressure, which is illustrated by the broken line. This could be ascertained in particular in the case of small pressure rise values, which are more typical of values which can be determined under real conditions. Similarly, a decrease in pressure, as illustrated in Figure 4b, causes the outside pressures to be followed immediately by the inside pressures.
  • each edge can be provided with a longitudinal recess that extends along the length of the panel 36 so that abutting edges 38 define a channel that extends vertically to promote air flow. This can be an advantage if the EIF system uses panels with larger vertical dimensions.
  • angle element 22 can be expanded to provide protection for the underside of the thermal insulation and can carry a drip edge, as shown in Fig. 2a, to provide further protection for the lower edge of the panel .
  • a sealing strip 42 is used to seal between adjacent prefabricated sections.
  • the top edge 34 of each section is inclined downward to aid drainage away from the sealing strip 42.
  • FIG. 2b Another embodiment that does not use an angle element 22 is illustrated in FIG. 2b, in which a suffix "b" is used to designate the same components.
  • the lower edge 32b of one panel and the upper edge 34b of the adjacent panel are arranged at a mutual distance from one another and inclined downwards and outwards at an angle of approximately 30 °.
  • the lower edge 32b is covered with a reinforcement mesh 30b, but only the outer portion of the edge 32b is coated with the base coat 29b to define a slot 35b and leave an exposed strip.
  • the lower edge of the insulating material 28 is open in this way, and air can flow freely into and out of the thermal insulation along its lower edge 32.
  • the width of the slot 35 should form an area of 1 to 2% of the area of the panel.
  • the slot 35 should be between about 2.5 and 5 cm wide for a panel approximately 2.50 m high.

Claims (12)

  1. Système d'isolation thermique extérieure et de traitement de surface pour application sur un mur (10) d'un bâtiment,
    a) avec un bloqueur d'air (20), qui comporte une paire de surfaces dirigées dans des directions opposées, dont l'une touche le mur (10) et l'autre est écartée du mur,
    b) et avec un matériau d'isolation (28) avec une première face et une deuxième face dirigée du côté opposé, dont la première face est en contact avec la face du bloqueur d'air (20) écartée du mur (10), pour couvrir une aire prédéterminée du mur,
    c) ainsi qu'avec des extrémités circonférentielles, qui s'étendent entre la première face et la deuxième face et qui délimitent l'aire devant être recouverte par le matériau d'isolation (28),
    d) et un revêtement extérieur (29, 30, 31) recouvrant sa deuxième face et au moins l'une des extrémités circonférentielles, pour empêcher la pénétration d'humidité dans le matériau d'isolation (28),
       caractérisé en ce que,
    e) le revêtement extérieur (29, 30, 31) est également placé sur au moins une des extrémités périphériques,
    f) que le matériau d'isolation (28) est perméable à l'air,
    g) et qu'au moins une partie (35) d'une autre extrémité circonférentielle (32) n'est pas recouverte par le revêtement extérieur (29, 30, 31), pour permettre à l'air d'affluer dans le matériau d'isolation (28) et d'engendrer une compensation de pression sur le revêtement extérieur (29, 30, 31).
  2. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau d'isolation (28) présente une structure fibreuse et que les fibres présentent une direction suivant laquelle elles s'étendent entre la première et la deuxième faces.
  3. Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau d'isolation (28) est constitué d'une pluralité de plaques (36), qui touchent les extrémités voisines (38), pour former un joint de bout (40), et que ces joints de bout (40) partent des autres (32) extrémités circonférentielles mentionnées.
  4. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la partie mentionnée (35) de l'autre extrémité circonférentielle (32) s'étend à proximité de la première face mentionnée et entre les extrémités limitrophes, pour créer une fente oblongue (35b) dans le revêtement extérieur (29, 30, 31), sur laquelle une partie du matériau d'isolation (28) repose librement.
  5. Système selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement extérieur (29, 30, 31) comprend un réseau de renforcement (30), qui s'étend sur les extrémités circonférentielles et également sur la fente (35b).
  6. Système selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une autre extrémité (32) suit une trajectoire inclinée par rapport aux première et deuxième faces.
  7. Système selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'autre extrémité (32) coupe la deuxième face en un angle aigu et que le revêtement extérieur s'étend le long de l'autre extrémité mentionnée (32) de la deuxième face jusqu'à la fente (35b).
  8. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la fente oblongue (35b) comprend une face qui est supérieure à 1 % de la deuxième face du matériau d'isolation (28).
  9. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la fente oblongue (35b) comprend une face représentant 1 à 2 % de la deuxième face du matériau d'isolation (28).
  10. Système selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la fente est recouverte d'une bande pourvue d'ouvertures (24), fixée au mur mentionné.
  11. Système selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la bande est formée par un élément d'angle (22) avec un côté d'angle qui recouvre la fente en question et dont l'autre côté d'angle s'étend entre le matériau d'isolation thermique (28) et le bloqueur d'air (20).
  12. Système selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement extérieur (29, 30, 31) comprend une couche de revêtement (29) à base de ciment, modifié au moyen d'un polymère et un réseau (30) logé à l'intérieur
EP93112067A 1992-07-28 1993-07-28 Système d'isolation thermique extérieure et de traitement de surface Expired - Lifetime EP0581269B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929216029A GB9216029D0 (en) 1992-07-28 1992-07-28 Exterior insulation and finish system
GB9216029 1992-07-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0581269A2 EP0581269A2 (fr) 1994-02-02
EP0581269A3 EP0581269A3 (fr) 1994-12-28
EP0581269B1 true EP0581269B1 (fr) 1997-10-08

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EP93112067A Expired - Lifetime EP0581269B1 (fr) 1992-07-28 1993-07-28 Système d'isolation thermique extérieure et de traitement de surface

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US5410852A (fr)
EP (1) EP0581269B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE159069T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2101505C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ282484B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE59307485D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0581269T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2052472T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI101407B (fr)
GB (2) GB9216029D0 (fr)
GR (2) GR940300035T1 (fr)
HU (1) HU211749B (fr)
NO (1) NO307976B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL172088B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2079612C1 (fr)
SK (1) SK80593A3 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE159069T1 (de) 1997-10-15
FI101407B1 (fi) 1998-06-15
EP0581269A2 (fr) 1994-02-02
CZ282484B6 (cs) 1997-07-16
PL299804A1 (en) 1994-02-07
ES2052472T1 (es) 1994-07-16
NO307976B1 (no) 2000-06-26
HUT65304A (en) 1994-05-02
CZ150693A3 (en) 1994-02-16
DK0581269T3 (da) 1997-10-27
FI933387A (fi) 1994-01-29
CA2101505A1 (fr) 1994-01-10
FI101407B (fi) 1998-06-15
PL172088B1 (pl) 1997-07-31
GR3025147T3 (en) 1998-02-27
NO932658L (no) 1994-01-31
GB2269194A (en) 1994-02-02
CA2101505C (fr) 1997-12-30
ES2052472T3 (es) 1997-11-16
SK80593A3 (en) 1994-07-06
GR940300035T1 (en) 1994-06-30
GB9315626D0 (en) 1993-09-08
HU211749B (en) 1995-12-28
GB2269194B (en) 1996-04-03
US5410852A (en) 1995-05-02
DE59307485D1 (de) 1997-11-13
EP0581269A3 (fr) 1994-12-28
HU9302177D0 (en) 1993-11-29
FI933387A0 (fi) 1993-07-28
RU2079612C1 (ru) 1997-05-20
GB9216029D0 (en) 1992-09-09
NO932658D0 (no) 1993-07-23

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