EP0581269B1 - External insulating and surface treatment system - Google Patents
External insulating and surface treatment system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0581269B1 EP0581269B1 EP93112067A EP93112067A EP0581269B1 EP 0581269 B1 EP0581269 B1 EP 0581269B1 EP 93112067 A EP93112067 A EP 93112067A EP 93112067 A EP93112067 A EP 93112067A EP 0581269 B1 EP0581269 B1 EP 0581269B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulating material
- wall
- outer coating
- slot
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
- E04B1/765—Bottom edge finishing profile
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system for thermal insulation and surface treatment of the outside of a building.
- the surface sealing method tries to eliminate all openings in the wall through which water can pass.
- the materials available to seal all of these openings are exposed to extreme weather conditions and movement of the building. Even if the problems due to inaccuracies at the place of work and poor craftsman services can be overcome and a perfect seal can be achieved, the weather conditions in practice are capable of causing the seals to be destroyed and to fail, so that openings in the wall are created, through which water can pass.
- these openings can be extremely small and difficult to identify, so that even an extensive maintenance program is unable to keep the building free of such openings.
- the other way to control rainwater penetration is to switch off the forces that drive or pull water into the wall.
- forces are typically considered: kinetic energy, capillarity, gravitational pull, and wind pressure differences.
- raindrops can be driven directly into large openings in the wall. However, if there is no direct path inside, they will Do not let raindrops penetrate deep into the wall. Where large openings, such as joints, are unavoidable, the use of boards, wedges, barriers or overlaps has proven to be successful in minimizing rain penetration caused by the kinetic energy of the raindrops.
- the force of gravity causes water to move down the outside of a wall and into the wall through any downward sloping channels. In order to avoid the movement by joints caused by gravity, these are typically constructed inclined upwards from the outside. Unwanted cracks or openings are more difficult to control. If there is a cavity immediately behind the outer surface of the wall, any water that flows through the wall is then drained down under the force of gravity on the inner surface of the outer wall. At the bottom of the cavity, the water can then be drained to the outside by using inclined cover plates.
- Pressure equalization casing is based on the theory that it neutralizes the air pressure difference across the casing (caused by wind) that causes water penetration. It is impossible to prevent wind from pressurizing a building, but it is possible to counteract the pressure of the wind so that the pressure difference across the outer wall cladding becomes approximately zero. If the pressure difference across the casing is zero, one of the main causes of rain penetration is eliminated.
- a rain shield wall comprises two layers or layers separated from one another by an air space or a cavity.
- the outer layer or casing is ventilated to the outside. If wind affects the facade of the building, a pressure difference is generated via the cladding; however, when the cavity behind the cladding is ventilated to the outside, the wind blowing against the wall also affects the cavity and causes the pressure in the cavity to increase until it has reached the outside pressure.
- This concept of pressure equalization presupposes that the inner coating of the wall is airtight.
- This inner layer which includes an air barrier, must be able to withstand the wind loads so that the pressure equalization can take place. If there are significant openings in the air barrier, no pressure equalization can occur in the cavity and water penetration can occur.
- the state of the art includes the knowledge that optimal thermal insulation of a building is achieved if the insulating material is attached to the outside of the building. If thermal insulation is arranged on the outside of the building, thermal bridges formed by building elements are eliminated and a consistently high R-value is guaranteed.
- the invention has for its object to provide external thermal insulation with rain shield structure, in which the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided or substantially mitigated.
- the system according to the invention in which this object is achieved, is achieved by the features highlighted in the characterizing part of claim 1.
- the invention is thus based on the knowledge that a pressure compensation cavity can be formed by an air-permeable thermal insulation between the load-bearing Structure and cladding is provided, as well as arrangements to allow air to flow into and out of the cavity. This enables the pressures to be compensated very quickly, but also ensures that surfaces of the thermal insulation in the installed state are not exposed to an air cavity.
- a wall of a building designated 10
- the load-bearing structure 12 includes vertical load-bearing punches 16, which are arranged at regular intervals, and a casing 18, which is fixed to the punches 16.
- the load-bearing structure 12 can of course be created in any suitable manner, ie in concrete or steel construction or the like.
- An airtight barrier 20 is provided over the shroud 18 and meets the guidelines for a type III air barrier of the NRC Institute for Research and Construction.
- a suitable material for this purpose is a product known as Sto Flexyl, reinforced with a mesh called Sto Airbarrier Mesh; both materials are available from Sto Industries Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario.
- the EIF system 14 can be applied after the building's load bearing structure 12 is erected, or it can be prefabricated in the form of panels, including the load bearing structure, which are then installed on the building. In any case, the structure of the EIF system 14 is the same and leads to a uniform structure that covers a certain area, e.g. covers a wall, part of a wall or a single panel that has defined edges. For convenience, the term "panel" is used below to refer to a unitary structure. This term is to be understood in the sense that there is no limitation to a separate, prefabricated unit.
- the EIF system 14 consists of a layer of insulating material 28 and a laminate 27 which comprises a base coating 29, a glass fiber reinforcement mesh 30 and a surface coating 31. The base coat 29 and surface coating 31 extend over the exposed outer surfaces of each panel to prevent moisture from entering the insulation material 28, and the mesh 30 reinforces against cracking of the base coating 29 and surface coating 31, respectively.
- an angle element 22 is fixed to the casing 18, that it runs along the lower edge 32 of the insulating material 28.
- the angle element 22 has openings 24 which are arranged on its horizontal leg 26 are provided.
- the openings 24 form a ventilation area which is larger than 1% of the panel area, and so about 26 holes with a diameter of about 2.5 cm per meter are necessary along the angle element 22 for an approximately 1.25 m high panel.
- a ventilation area greater than 1 to 2% of the front surface of the system 14 has been found to be acceptable.
- strips of glass fiber reinforcement mesh are first applied around the perimeter of the panel, that is, the area to be covered by the insulation material 28 to facilitate covering the exposed edges of the thermal insulation.
- an insulation panel 28 is applied to the casing 18 to cover the area of the panel and is attached to the air barrier 20 by a suitable adhesive 21, which is preferably non-combustible.
- a suitable adhesive is STO BTS-NC, available from STO Industries Canada, Inc.
- the insulating material 28 is a suitable, air-permeable thermal insulation material which has sufficient pressure and tensile strength to support the coatings 29, 31. It has been shown that Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material, which is a mineral wool insulation material with a density of approximately 0.96 g / cm 3, is suitable for this purpose.
- the Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material can be applied in various thicknesses of approximately 5, 7.5 or 10 cm, depending on the desired degree of insulation desired, and typically will be in individual panels 36 with dimensions of approximately 15 cm x 125 cm are provided which are applied to the load bearing structure 12 to cover the desired area.
- the panels 36 are aligned so that their longitudinal edges 38, ie the 125 cm edges, are arranged vertically and a vertical butt joint, shown at 40, between adjacent ones Form panels 36 and extend to the angle element 22. Although the narrow edges of panels 36 are shown aligned in Fig. 3, it is common to vertically offset the narrow edges to mitigate the formation of cracks.
- the Roxul External Wall Lamellas thermal insulation consists of mineral wool fibers, of which approximately 10% of the volume is taken up and 90% or more of air.
- the fibers are arranged in the panel 36 so that they extend between the major surfaces of the panel so that, when fixed, the majority of the fibers extend perpendicular to the jacket 18. This arrangement ensures the necessary compressive and tensile strength, while at the same time forming a relatively permeable thermal insulation through which air can flow in a direction parallel to the casing 18.
- a suitable coating material is STO BTS-NC, which is a polymer-modified coating based on Portland cement, which ensures an adhesive bond with the thermal insulation and serves as a carrier for decorative coatings.
- the base coat 29 is reinforced by the glass fiber reinforcement network 30, which is alkali-resistant by pretreatment and which is embedded in the base coat 29 while the latter is still in a moist state.
- the reinforcement mesh 30 is applied to the exposed edges of the insulation material in accordance with conventional installation procedures.
- the net 30 also extends over the lower edge 32, but no coating 29 is applied to the area covered by the horizontal leg 26 of the angle element 22 to define a slot 35, so that air can flow freely through the openings 24 to and from the Insulation board 28 can move.
- the corner element 22 thus protects part of the lower edge 32 while allowing the air flow into the thermal insulation.
- the base coat 29 and the embedded mesh 30 can then be coated with a surface coating 31 of any of the conventional stucco synthetic primers and top coats available from STO Industries Canada Inc. for the top coat in the desired manner.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b show experimental results which were obtained with the arrangement according to FIG. 1 on an experimental panel which showed a continuous increase in pressure over an extended period Period has been subjected. This is followed by an increase in the external pressure, as illustrated by the solid black line, immediately followed by an increase in the internal pressure, which is illustrated by the broken line. This could be ascertained in particular in the case of small pressure rise values, which are more typical of values which can be determined under real conditions. Similarly, a decrease in pressure, as illustrated in Figure 4b, causes the outside pressures to be followed immediately by the inside pressures.
- each edge can be provided with a longitudinal recess that extends along the length of the panel 36 so that abutting edges 38 define a channel that extends vertically to promote air flow. This can be an advantage if the EIF system uses panels with larger vertical dimensions.
- angle element 22 can be expanded to provide protection for the underside of the thermal insulation and can carry a drip edge, as shown in Fig. 2a, to provide further protection for the lower edge of the panel .
- a sealing strip 42 is used to seal between adjacent prefabricated sections.
- the top edge 34 of each section is inclined downward to aid drainage away from the sealing strip 42.
- FIG. 2b Another embodiment that does not use an angle element 22 is illustrated in FIG. 2b, in which a suffix "b" is used to designate the same components.
- the lower edge 32b of one panel and the upper edge 34b of the adjacent panel are arranged at a mutual distance from one another and inclined downwards and outwards at an angle of approximately 30 °.
- the lower edge 32b is covered with a reinforcement mesh 30b, but only the outer portion of the edge 32b is coated with the base coat 29b to define a slot 35b and leave an exposed strip.
- the lower edge of the insulating material 28 is open in this way, and air can flow freely into and out of the thermal insulation along its lower edge 32.
- the width of the slot 35 should form an area of 1 to 2% of the area of the panel.
- the slot 35 should be between about 2.5 and 5 cm wide for a panel approximately 2.50 m high.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein System zur Wärmedämmung und Oberflächenbehandlung der Außenseite eines Gebäudes.The invention relates to a system for thermal insulation and surface treatment of the outside of a building.
Das Eindringen von Regenwasser ist eines der ältesten Probleme, mit denen sich Hauseigentümer auseinandersetzen mußten; es tritt immer noch allzuhäufig auf. Das Eindringen von Regenwasser kann nicht nur innere Anstriche und Materialien sondern auch den Aufbau der Wände selbst zerstören.Rainwater infiltration is one of the oldest problems that homeowners have had to deal with; it still occurs too often. The penetration of rainwater can not only destroy internal coatings and materials but also the structure of the walls themselves.
Regenwasser dringt ein, wenn eine Kombination von an der Wandoberfläche befindlichem Wasser, von Öffnungen, durch die es hindurchtreten kann, und einer Kraft, um das Wasser durch diese Öffnungen zu bewegen, existiert. Durch Ausschalten von einer dieser drei Voraussetzungen ließe sich das Eindringen von Regenwasser verhindern. Während breite Dachüberhänge hilfreich sein mögen, die Wände eines niedrigen Gebäudes zu schützen, steht ein ähnlicher Schutz für höhere Gebäude nicht zur Verfügung. Deshalb muß eine der beiden verbleibenden Voraussetzungen ausgeschaltet werden, um den Regenwasserdurchtritt zu unterbinden.Rainwater penetrates when there is a combination of water on the wall surface, openings through which it can pass, and a force to move the water through these openings. By switching off one of these three conditions would prevent rainwater from entering. While wide roof overhangs may help protect the walls of a low building, similar protection is not available for higher buildings. Therefore, one of the two remaining requirements must be switched off to prevent rainwater from entering.
Bei der Flächenabdichtungsmethode wird versucht, alle in der Wand vorhandenen Öffnungen, durch die Wasser hindurchtreten kann, zu eliminieren. Die zum Abdichten all dieser Öffnungen zur Verfügung stehenden Materialien sind jedoch extremen Wetterbedingungen sowie Bewegungen des Gebäudes ausgesetzt. Selbst wenn die auf Ungenauigkeiten am Arbeitsort sowie mangelhafte Handwerkerleistungen zurückzuführenden Probleme überwunden und eine einwandfreie Abdichtung erreicht werden kann, sind die in der Praxis gegebenen Wetterbedingungen in der Lage, ggf. eine Zerstörung und einen Ausfall dieser Abdichtungen herbeizuführen, sodaß Öffnungen in der Wand entstehen, durch die Wasser hindurchtreten kann. Unglücklicherweise können diese Öffnungen außerordentlich klein und schwer zu identifizieren sein, so daß selbst ein weitreichendes Wartungsprogramm nicht in der Lage ist, das Gebäude frei von derartigen Öffnungen zu halten.The surface sealing method tries to eliminate all openings in the wall through which water can pass. However, the materials available to seal all of these openings are exposed to extreme weather conditions and movement of the building. Even if the problems due to inaccuracies at the place of work and poor craftsman services can be overcome and a perfect seal can be achieved, the weather conditions in practice are capable of causing the seals to be destroyed and to fail, so that openings in the wall are created, through which water can pass. Unfortunately, these openings can be extremely small and difficult to identify, so that even an extensive maintenance program is unable to keep the building free of such openings.
Der andere Weg, die Regenwasserpenetration zu beherrschen, besteht in der Ausschaltung der Kräfte, die Wasser in die Wand hineintreiben bzw. hineinziehen. Es sind typischerweise vier solcher Kräfte in Betracht zu ziehen: Kinetische Energie, Kapillarität, Erdanziehungskraft sowie Winddruckdifferenzen.The other way to control rainwater penetration is to switch off the forces that drive or pull water into the wall. Four such forces are typically considered: kinetic energy, capillarity, gravitational pull, and wind pressure differences.
Bei einem windgetriebenen Regen, können Regentropfen direkt in große Öffnungen in der Wand getrieben werden. Wenn es jedoch keinen direkten Weg in das Innere gibt, werden die Regentropfen nicht tief in die Wand hinein eindringen. Wo große Öffnungen, wie z.B. Fugen unvermeidbar sind, hat sich die Verwendung von Brettern, Keilen, Sperrwänden oder Überlappungen als erfolgreich zur Minimierung von Regenpenetration erwiesen, die durch die kinetische Energie der Regentropfen verursacht wird.In wind-driven rain, raindrops can be driven directly into large openings in the wall. However, if there is no direct path inside, they will Do not let raindrops penetrate deep into the wall. Where large openings, such as joints, are unavoidable, the use of boards, wedges, barriers or overlaps has proven to be successful in minimizing rain penetration caused by the kinetic energy of the raindrops.
Aufgrund der Oberflächenspannung des Wassers streben in einem Material vorhandene Löcher danach, eine gewisse Menge an Feuchtigkeit anzuziehen, bis sich das Material der Sättigung nähert. Falls sich Kapillaren von der Außen- zur Innenseite erstrecken, kann sich Wasser aufgrund der kapillaren Saugwirkung durch die Wand hindurchbewegen. Da teilweise Wasserpenetration durch eine Wand aufgrund Kapillarität für poröses Verkleidungsmaterial kennzeichnend ist, kann die Einführung einer Diskontinuität bzw. eines Luftspalts eine Bewegung von Wasser durch die Wand hindurch verhindern.Due to the surface tension of the water, holes in a material tend to attract a certain amount of moisture until the material approaches saturation. If capillaries extend from the outside to the inside, water can move through the wall due to the capillary suction effect. Since partial water penetration through a wall due to capillarity is characteristic of porous cladding material, the introduction of a discontinuity or air gap can prevent water from moving through the wall.
Die Kraft der Erdanziehung verursacht die Bewegung von Wasser an der Außenseite einer Wandung nach abwärts und durch irgendwelche nach unten geneigt verlaufende Kanäle in die Wand hinein. Um die durch Gravität erzeugte Bewegung durch Fugen zu vermeiden, sind diese typischerweise von der Außenseite ausgehend nach aufwärts geneigt konstruiert. Unerwünschte Risse bzw. Öffnungen sind schwieriger zu kontrollieren. Falls es unmittelbar hinter der Außenfläche der Wandung einen Hohlraum gibt, wird jedes Wasser, das durch die Wand hindurchfließt, sodann unter der Schwerkraftwirkung an der Innenfläche der Außenwand nach unten abgeleitet. Am Boden des Hohlraums kann das Wasser dann durch Verwendung geneigter Abdeckbleche zur Außenseite hin abgeleitet werden.The force of gravity causes water to move down the outside of a wall and into the wall through any downward sloping channels. In order to avoid the movement by joints caused by gravity, these are typically constructed inclined upwards from the outside. Unwanted cracks or openings are more difficult to control. If there is a cavity immediately behind the outer surface of the wall, any water that flows through the wall is then drained down under the force of gravity on the inner surface of the outer wall. At the bottom of the cavity, the water can then be drained to the outside by using inclined cover plates.
Eine Luftdruckdifferenz quer zur Wand des Gebäudes wird durch einen Staueffekt, Wind und/oder mechanische Belüftung erzeugt. Falls der Druck auf die Außenseite der Wand größer als im Inneren der Wand ist, kann Wasser durch winzige Öffnungen in der Wand hindurchgezwungen werden. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß die Menge an Regenwasser, das durch eine Wandumkleidung aufgrund dieser Wirkungsweise hindurchbewegt wird, äußerst bedeutsam ist. Es ist bereits erkannt worden, daß diese Kraft durch Verwendung eines druckausgleichenden Hohlraums eliminiert bzw. reduziert werden kann.An air pressure difference across the wall of the building is created by a traffic jam effect, wind and / or mechanical ventilation. If the pressure on the outside of the wall is greater than inside the wall, water can be forced through tiny openings in the wall. Studies have shown that the amount of rainwater that is moved through a wall covering due to this mode of action is extremely significant. It has already been recognized that this force can be eliminated or reduced by using a pressure-equalizing cavity.
Der Druckausgleichsumkleidung liegt die Theorie zugrunde, daß sie die Luftdruckdifferenz über die Verkleidung (hervorgerufen durch Wind), die die Wasserpenetration verursacht, neutralisiert. Es ist unmöglich zu verhindern, daß Wind ein Gebäude druckbeaufschlagt, aber es ist möglich, dem Druck des Windes entgegenzuwirken, so daß die Druckdifferenz über die äußere Umkleidung der Wand angenähert Null wird. Falls die Druckdifferenz über die Umkleidung gleich Null ist, ist eine der Hauptursachen der Regenpenetration eliminiert.Pressure equalization casing is based on the theory that it neutralizes the air pressure difference across the casing (caused by wind) that causes water penetration. It is impossible to prevent wind from pressurizing a building, but it is possible to counteract the pressure of the wind so that the pressure difference across the outer wall cladding becomes approximately zero. If the pressure difference across the casing is zero, one of the main causes of rain penetration is eliminated.
Gemäß früheren Vorschlägen umfaßt eine Regenabschirmwand zwei durch einen Luftraum bzw. eine Höhlung voneinander getrennte Lagen bzw. Schichten. Die äußere Lage bzw. Umkleidung ist zur Außenseite hin belüftet. Wenn Wind auf die Gebäudefassade einwirkt, wird über die Verkleidung eine Druckdifferenz erzeugt; wenn jedoch der Hohlraum hinter der Verkleidung zur Außenseite hin belüftet ist, beaufschlagt der Wind, der gegen die Wand bläst, auch die Höhlung und sorgt dafür, daß der Druck in der Höhlung ansteigt, bis er den Außendruck erreicht hat. Dieses Konzept des Druckausgleichs setzt voraus, daß die innere Beschichtung der Wand luftdicht ist. Diese innere Schicht, die eine Luftsperre umfaßt, muß in der Lage sein, den Windbeanspruchungen standzuhalten, damit der Druckausgleich stattfinden kann. Falls sich in der Luftsperre bedeutende Öffnungen befinden, kann sich kein Druckausgleich im Hohlraum einstellen, und es kann zu einer wasserpenetration kommen.According to previous proposals, a rain shield wall comprises two layers or layers separated from one another by an air space or a cavity. The outer layer or casing is ventilated to the outside. If wind affects the facade of the building, a pressure difference is generated via the cladding; however, when the cavity behind the cladding is ventilated to the outside, the wind blowing against the wall also affects the cavity and causes the pressure in the cavity to increase until it has reached the outside pressure. This concept of pressure equalization presupposes that the inner coating of the wall is airtight. This inner layer, which includes an air barrier, must be able to withstand the wind loads so that the pressure equalization can take place. If there are significant openings in the air barrier, no pressure equalization can occur in the cavity and water penetration can occur.
Zum Stand der Technik gehört die Erkenntnis, daß eine optimale Wärmedämmung eines Gebäudes erreicht wird, wenn das Dämmaterial an der Außenseite des Gebäudes angebracht wird. Bei Anordnung der Wärmedämmung an der Außenseite des Gebäudes werden von Bauelementen des Gebäudes gebildete Wärmebrücken eliminiert und ein beständig hoher R-Wert gewährleistet.The state of the art includes the knowledge that optimal thermal insulation of a building is achieved if the insulating material is attached to the outside of the building. If thermal insulation is arranged on the outside of the building, thermal bridges formed by building elements are eliminated and a consistently high R-value is guaranteed.
Die Anwendung der äußeren Wärmedämmung bei einer Regenabschirmwand hat jedoch zu praktischen Schwierigkeiten geführt, bedingt durch die Notwendigkeit, für einen Ausgleich des Druckes innerhalb des durch die Wärmedämmung definierten Hohlraums zu sorgen und doch den für beispielhafte Gebäude geltenden Regeln Rechnung zu tragen. Der Wärmedämmungsraum zwischen dem lasttragenden Aufbau und der Verkleidung, die den Hohlraum definiert, läßt eine Fläche der Wärmedämmung exponiert. Dies ist gegen die erwähnten Regeln, wie z.B. den National Building Code of Canada (NBCC), wonach es erforderlich ist, daß alle Flächen von brennbarem Wärmedämmaterial abgedichtet sein müssen. Deshalb kann diese Bauweise nur in solchen Fällen angewandt werden, in denen brennbare Konstruktionen zugelassen sind, typischerweise Gebäude mit einer Höhe von weniger als 3 Stockwerken. Im Ergebnis wurde eine äußere Wärmedämmung in Verbindung mit Flächenabdichtungssystemen eingesetzt, und es wurden Regenabschirmwände mit innerer Wärmedämmung verwendet.However, the application of the external thermal insulation to a rain shield wall has led to practical difficulties due to the need to balance the pressure within the cavity defined by the thermal insulation and yet to comply with the rules applicable to exemplary buildings. The thermal insulation space between the load-bearing structure and the cladding that defines the cavity leaves one surface of the thermal insulation exposed. This is against the aforementioned rules, such as the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC), which requires that all surfaces must be sealed with combustible thermal insulation material. Therefore, this type of construction can only be used in cases where combustible structures are permitted, typically buildings with a height of less than 3 floors. As a result, external thermal insulation has been used in connection with surface waterproofing systems, and rain shielding walls with internal thermal insulation have been used.
Ausgehend von einem Außendämm- und Oberflächenabschlußsystem zur Anwendung an einer Wand eines Gebäudes, wie es im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 herausgestellt und aus der "Deutschen Bauzeit D.B.Z.", Nr. 9, Sept. 1982, Gütersloh (DE), Seiten 1241-1245 vorbekannt ist, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine äußere Wärmedämmung mit Regenabschirmaufbau vorzusehen, bei der die vorerwähnten Nachteile vermieden bzw. wesentlich abgeschwächt sind.Starting from an external insulation and surface sealing system for use on a wall of a building, as pointed out in the preamble of claim 1 and previously known from "Deutsche Bauzeit DBZ", No. 9, Sept. 1982, Gütersloh (DE), pages 1241-1245 is, the invention has for its object to provide external thermal insulation with rain shield structure, in which the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided or substantially mitigated.
Das erfindungsgemäße System, bei dem diese Aufgabe gelöst ist, ist durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 herausgestellten Merkmale gelöst. Die Erfindung basiert somit auf der Erkenntnis, daß ein Druckausgleichshohlraum durch eine luftdurchlässige Wärmedämmung gebildet sein kann, die zwischen dem lasttragenden Aufbau und der Verkleidung vorgesehen ist, sowie durch Vorkehrungen, um Luft in den und aus dem Hohlraum fließen zu lassen. Dies ermöglicht einen sehr schnellen Ausgleich der Drücke, stellt jedoch auch sicher, daß Flächen der Wärmedämmung in eingebautem Zustand nicht zu einem Lufthohlraum offen liegen.The system according to the invention, in which this object is achieved, is achieved by the features highlighted in the characterizing part of claim 1. The invention is thus based on the knowledge that a pressure compensation cavity can be formed by an air-permeable thermal insulation between the load-bearing Structure and cladding is provided, as well as arrangements to allow air to flow into and out of the cavity. This enables the pressures to be compensated very quickly, but also ensures that surfaces of the thermal insulation in the installed state are not exposed to an air cavity.
Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird nachstehend lediglich anhand eines Beispieles unter Bezugnahme auf die zugehörige Zeichnung erläutert, und zwar zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine perspektivische isometrische Ansicht, teilweise weggebrochen, einer Gebäudewand,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie 2-2 der Fig. 1,
- Fig. 2 a und 2 b
- abgewandelte Ausführungsformen,
- Fig. 3
- eine Vorderansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Wand, und
- Fig. 4a und 4b
- Diagramme, die die Reaktion auf Druckäderungen auf der Außen- sowie Innenseite der Wand gemäß Fig. 1 zeigen.
- Fig. 1
- a perspective isometric view, partially broken away, of a building wall,
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows a section along line 2-2 of FIG. 1,
- 2 a and 2 b
- modified embodiments,
- Fig. 3
- a front view of the wall shown in Fig. 1, and
- 4a and 4b
- Diagrams showing the reaction to pressure changes on the outside and inside of the wall according to FIG. 1.
Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, umfaßt eine Wand eines Gebäudes, die mit 10 bezeichnet ist, einen Last-tragenden Aufbau 12 sowie ein Oberflächenbehandlungssystem 14 (auch EIF-System genannt). Der Last-tragende Aufbau 12 schließt vertikale Last-tragende Stempel 16 ein, die in gleichmäßigen Abständen angeordnet sind, sowie eine Ummantelung 18, die an den Stempeln 16 festgelegt ist. Der Last-tragende Aufbau 12 kann natürlich auf jede geeignete Weise geschaffen sein, d.h. in Beton- bzw. in Stahlbauweise o. dgl.1, a wall of a building, designated 10, includes a load-bearing structure 12 and a surface treatment system 14 (also called an EIF system). The load-bearing structure 12 includes vertical load-bearing punches 16, which are arranged at regular intervals, and a
Eine luftdichte Sperre 20 ist über der Ummantelung 18 vorgesehen und genügt den Richtlinien für eine Luftsperre des Typs III des NRC Institute for Research and Construction. Als hierfür geeignetes Material kommt ein Produkt in Frage, das als Sto Flexyl bekannt ist, verstärkt mit einem Netz der Bezeichnung Sto Airbarrier Mesh; beide Materialien sind bei der Sto Industries Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, erhältlich.An
Das EIF-System bzw. Oberflächenbehandlungssystem 14 kann nach der Errichtung des Last-tragenden Aufbaus 12 des Gebäudes aufgebracht werden, oder es kann in Form von Paneelen, einschließlich des Last-tragenden Aufbaus vorgefertigt sein, die dann an dem Gebäude installiert werden. In jedem Fall ist der Aufbau des EIF-Systems 14 gleich und führt zu einer einheitlichen Struktur, die einen bestimmten Bereich wie z.B. eine Wand, einen Teil einer Wand bzw. ein einzelnes Paneel abdeckt, das definierte Ränder besitzt. Der Einfachheit halber wird der Ausdruck "Paneel" nachstehend benutzt, um auf einen einheitlichen Aufbau Bezug zu nehmen. Dieser Begriff ist dabei in dem Sinne zu verstehen, daß damit keine Beschränkung auf eine getrennte, vorgefertigte Einheit zu verstehen ist. Das EIF-System 14 besteht aus einer Lage aus Dämmaterial 28 und ein Laminat 27, das einen Grundüberzug 29, ein Glasfaser-Verstärkungs-Netz 30 und eine Oberflächenbeschichtung 31 umfaßt. Der Grundüberzug 29 und die Oberflächenbeschichtung 31 erstrecken sich über die exponierten Außenflächen jedes Paneels, um Feuchtigkeit daran zu hindern, in das Dämmaterial 28 einzudringen, und das Netz 30 bildet eine Verstärkung gegen eine Rißbildung des Grundüberzugs 29 bzw. der Oberflächenbeschichtung 31.The
Aus Fig. 1 ist ersichtlich, daß ein Winkelelement 22 so an der Ummantelung 18 festgelegt ist,
daß es am unteren Rand 32 des Dämmaterials 28 entlang verläuft. Das Winkelelement 22 weist Öffnungen 24 auf, die an seinem horizontalen Schenkel 26 vorgesehen sind. Die Öffnungen 24 bilden einen Belüftungsbereich, der größer als 1% der Paneelfläche ausgebildet ist, und so sind längs des Winkelelements 22 für ein etwa 1,25 m hohes Paneel etwa 26 Löcher mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 2,5 cm pro Meter nötig. Eine Belüftungsfläche größer als 1 bis 2 % der Vorderfläche des Systems 14 hat sich als akzeptabel herausgestellt.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that an
that it runs along the
Zur Bildung des EIF-Systems 14 werden zuerst Streifen aus Glasfaserverstärkungsnetz um den Umfang des Paneels herum aufgebracht, d.h. den durch das Dämmaterial 28 abzudeckenden Bereich, um das Bedecken der exponierten Ränder der Wärmedämmung zu erleichtern. Sodann wird eine Dämmplatte 28 auf die Ummantelung 18 aufgebracht, um den Bereich des Paneels abzudecken, und wird an der Luftsperre 20 durch einen geeigneten Kleber 21 festgelegt, der vorzugsweise nicht brennbar ist. Ein geeigneter Kleber ist STO BTS-NC, erhältlich von der STO Industries Canada, Inc.. Bei dem Dämmaterial 28 handelt es sich um ein geeignetes luftdurchlässiges Wärmedämmaterial, das eine ausreichende Druck- und Zugfestigkeit besitzt, um die Überzüge 29, 31 zu tragen. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß Roxul External Wall Lamellas-Dämmaterial bei dem es sich um ein Mineralwolle-Dämmaterial mit einer Dichte von etwa 0,96 g/cm3 handelt, für diesen Zweck geeignet ist.To form the
Das Roxul External Wall Lamellas-Dämmaterial kann in verschiedenen Stärken von etwa 5, 7,5 oder 10 cm Stärke aufgebracht werden, und zwar in Abhängigkeit von dem gewünschten Grad der gewünschten Dämmung, und typischerweise wird es in einzelnen Tafeln 36 mit den Abmessungen von etwa 15 cm x 125 cm zur Verfügung gestellt, die auf den Last-tragenden Aufbau 12 aufgebracht werden, um den gewünschten Bereich zu bedecken. Die Tafeln 36 werden so ausgerichtet, daß ihre Längsränder 38, d.h. die 125 cm-Ränder vertikal angeordnet sind und eine vertikale Stoßfuge, die bei 40 gezeigt ist, zwischen benachbarten Tafeln 36 bilden und sich zum Winkelelement 22 erstrecken. Obgleich die schmalen Ränder der Tafeln 36 in Fig. 3 ausgerichtet gezeigt sind, ist es üblich, die schmalen Ränder vertikal versetzt anzuordnen, um die Bildung von Rissen abzumildern. Die Roxul External Wall Lamellas-Wärmedämmung besteht aus Mineralwollefasern, von denen angenähert 10% des Volumens eingenommen wird und 90% oder mehr von Luft. Die Fasern sind in der Tafel 36 so angeordnet, daß sie sich zwischen den Hauptflächen der Tafel erstrecken, damit sich in festgelegtem Zustand die Mehrzahl der Fasern senkrecht zu der Ummantelung 18 erstreckt. Diese Anordnung stellt die notwendige Druck- und Zugfestigkeit sicher, während sie gleichzeitig eine relativ durchlässige Wärmedämmung bildet, durch die Luft in einer Richtung parallel zur Ummantelung 18 fließen kann.The Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material can be applied in various thicknesses of approximately 5, 7.5 or 10 cm, depending on the desired degree of insulation desired, and typically will be in
Alle exponierten Flächen und Ränder des Dämmaterials 28, mit Ausnahme des Teils des unteren Randes 32, das von dem Winkelelement 22 abgestützt ist, sind mit einem nicht brennbaren Grundüberzug 29 einer durchschnittlichen Stärke von etwa 3,2 mm beschichtet. Ein geeignetes Beschichtungsmaterial ist STO BTS-NC, bei dem es sich um einen Polymer-modifizierten Überzug auf Portland-Zement-Basis handelt, der mit der Wärmedämmung einen Haftverbund gewährleistet und als Träger für dekorative Überzüge dient. Der Grundüberzug 29 ist durch das Glasfaserverstärkungsnetz 30 verstärkt, welches durch Vorbehandlung Alkali-widerstandsfest ist und das in den Grundüberzug 29 eingebettet wird, während sich dieser noch in feuchtem Zustand befindet. Das Verstärkungsnetz 30 wird an den exponierten Rändern des Dämmaterials in Übereinstimmung mit üblichen Installationsverfahren aufgebracht. Das Netz 30 erstreckt sich auch über den unteren Rand 32, jedoch wird kein Überzug 29 auf den vom horizontalen Schenkel 26 des Winkelelements 22 abgedeckten Bereich aufgebracht, um einen Schlitz 35 zu definieren, so daß sich Luft durch die Öffnungen 24 frei zu und aus der Dämmaterial-Tafel 28 bewegen kann. Das Winkelelement 22 schützt so einen Teil des unteren Randes 32, während es die Luftströmung in die Wärmedämmung zuläßt. Der Grundüberzug 29 und das eingebettete Netz 30 können dann mit einer Oberflächenbeschichtung 31 irgendeines der üblichen synthetischen Stuckgrundierer und Endbeschichtungen überzogen werden, die von der STO Industries Canada Inc. für die Endbeschichtung auf die gewünschte Weise erhältlich sind.All exposed surfaces and edges of the insulating
Die Öffnungen 24 im Winkelelement 22 erlauben eine Luftbewegung in die und aus der Wärmedämmplatte 28. Die Fig. 4a und 4b zeigen experimentelle Ergebnisse, die mit der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1 an einem Versuchs-Paneel gewonnen wurden, das einem fortlaufenden Druckanstieg über einen ausgedehnten Zeitraum unterworfen wurde. Danach folgt einer Erhöhung des Außendrucks, wie er durch die durchgehende schwarze Linie veranschaulicht ist, unmittelbar eine Erhöhung des inneren Drucks, der durch die unterbrochene Linie veranschaulicht ist. Dies konnte insbesondere bei kleinen Druckanstiegswerten festgestellt werden, die für solche Werte typischer sind, welche sich bei realen Bedingungen feststellen lassen. Auf gleiche Weise ruft eine Druckverringerung, wie sie in Fig. 4b veranschaulicht ist, hervor, daß den Außendrücken die Innendrücke unmittelbar folgen. Der unmittelbare Druckausgleich ist signifikant, da die Druckkräfte gewöhnlich vorübergehend gegeben sind, und zwar aufgrund von Windstößen, und eine Druckausgleichsverzögerung würde Druckdifferenzen die Möglichkeit der Existenz geben und folglich einen Durchtritt von Feuchtigkeit durch die Endbeschichtung erlauben. Die Ergebnisse von Testversuchen, bei denen das Paneel gemäß Fig. 1 einer zyklischen dynamischen Druckänderung unterworfen wurde, haben bestätigt, daß der Druck innerhalb der Wärmedämmung 28 dicht auf den außen angelegten Druck folgt.The
Auf diese Weise kann sich eine signifikante Druckdifferenz über die Schichten nicht ergeben, und folglich wird Wasser nicht durch die Schichten hindurch in die Wärmedämmung gedrückt. Dies ermöglicht es, das anzubringende Dämmaterial 28 unmittelbar auf der Luftsperre 20 ohne jede Vorkehrung für eine Wasserableitung oder aber einen Hohlraum aufzubringen.In this way, there can be no significant pressure differential across the layers, and consequently Water is not forced through the layers into the thermal insulation. This makes it possible to apply the insulating
Die Ausrichtung der Fasern im Dämmaterial 28 dürfte die schnelle Verteilung der Druckwellen über den durch die Wärmedämmplatte abgedeckten Bereich beschleunigen. Dies wird durch die Vertikalausrichtung der Stoßfugen 40 begünstigt, die der Luft eine Vertikalbewegung entlang jeder Tafel 36 und in den Körper der Wärmedämmung hinein zulassen, um die Verteilung von Luft und folglich einen Druckausgleich zu unterstützen. Falls erforderlich, kann jeder Rand mit einer Längsausnehmung versehen sein, der sich entlang der Länge der Tafel 36 ausdehnt, so daß aneinander anliegende Ränder 38 einen Kanal definieren, der sich vertikal erstreckt, um eine Luftströmung zu begünstigen. Dies kann von Vorteil sein, wenn das EIF-System Paneele mit größeren vertikalen Abmessungen verwendet.The orientation of the fibers in the insulating
Es ist zu erwarten, daß das Winkelelement 22 ausgedehnt werden kann, um einen Schutz für die Unterseite der Wärmedämmung zu bilden, und kann eine Tropfkante tragen, wie dies in Fig. 2a gezeigt ist, um einen weiteren Schutz für den unteren Rand des Paneels vorzusehen.It is expected that the
Wenn das EIP-System 14 zusammen mit dem lasttragenden Aufbau 12 vorgefertigt ist, findet ein Abdichtungsstreifen 42 Anwendung, um zwischen benachbarten vorgefertigten Abschnitten abzudichten. Wie in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigt wird, ist in diesem Fall vorzugsweise die obere Kante 34 jedes Abschnitts nach unten geneigt, um die Drainage weg vom Abdichtungsstreifen 42 zu unterstützen.When the
Eine weitere Ausführung, die sich keines Winkelelements 22 bedient, ist in Fig. 2b veranschaulicht, in der ein Suffix "b" zur Bezeichnung gleicher Bauelemente verwendet ist. Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 2b sind der untere Rand 32b des einen Paneels und der obere Rand 34b des benachbarten Paneels voneinander in einem gegenseitigen Abstand und nach unten und außen unter einem Winkel von etwa 30° geneigt angeordnet. Die untere Kante 32b ist mit einem Verstärkungsnetz 30b abgedeckt, jedoch ist lediglich der äußere Abschnitt des Randes 32b mit dem Grundüberzug 29b beschichtet, um einen Schlitz 35b zu definieren und einen exponierten Streifen zu belassen. Der untere Rand des Dämmaterials 28 ist auf diese Weise offen, und Luft kann in die und aus der Wärmedämmung längs ihrer unteren Kante 32 frei strömen. In der Praxis hat sich herausgestellt, daß die Breite des Schlitzes 35 eine Fläche von 1 bis 2% des Flächenbereichs des Paneels bilden sollte. So sollte der Schlitz 35 für ein ca. 2,50 m hohes Paneel zwischen etwa 2,5 und 5 cm Breite liegen.Another embodiment that does not use an
Es wird angenommen, daß die vorstehend im Beispiel herausgestellte Wärmedämmung aus Mineralwolle eine maximale Antwort auf Druckluftänderungen gibt; es können jedoch auch andere Arten des Dämmaterials Verwendung finden, vorausgesetzt daß sie keine Aufrechterhaltung einer wesentlichen Luftdruckdifferenz zwischen der Innenseite und der Außenseite des Dämmaterials erlauben.It is believed that the mineral wool thermal insulation highlighted in the example above provides a maximum response to changes in compressed air; however, other types of insulating material can be used, provided that they do not allow a substantial air pressure difference to be maintained between the inside and outside of the insulating material.
Claims (12)
- Exterior insulation and surface sealing system for application to a wall (10) of a buildinga) with an air barrier (20) which possesses a pair of surfaces facing in opposite directions, one of which contacts the wall (10) and the other of which is directed away from the wall, andb) with an insulating material (28) with a first surface and a second surface directed towards the opposite side, of which the first surface is in contact with that surface of the air barrier (20) directed away from the wall (10) to cover a predetermined region of the wall, andc) with peripheral edges which extend between the first surface and the second surface and delimit the region to be covered by the insulating material (28), andd) an outer coating (29, 30, 31) applied on its second surface to prevent the penetration of moisture into the insulating material (28), characterizede) in that the outer coating (29, 30, 31) is also applied on at least one of the peripheral edges,f) in that the insulating material (28) is air permeable andg) in that at least part (35) of another of the peripheral edges (32) is left free of the outer coating (29, 30, 31) to permit air to flow into the insulating material (28) and to cause a pressure equalization over the outer coating (29, 30, 31).
- System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the insulating material (28) possesses a fibrous structure and in that the fibres have an alignment as a result of which they extend between the first and second surfaces.
- System according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating material (28) is formed from a multiplicity of panels (36) which contact one another with adjacent edges (38) to form a butt joint (40) and in that said butt joints (40) start from the other (32) of the aforementioned peripheral edges.
- System according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the aforementioned part (35) of the other peripheral edge (32) extends adjacently to the aforementioned first surface and between contiguous edges to provide an elongated slot (35b) in the outer coating (29, 30, 31), via which slot (35b) a region of the insulating material (28) is exposed.
- System according to Claim 4, characterized in that the outer coating (29, 30, 31) comprises a reinforcing net (30) which extends over the peripheral edges and also over the slot (35b).
- System according to Claim 4, characterized in that one other edge (32) runs inclined with respect to the first and second surfaces of the insulating material (28).
- System according to Claim 6, characterized in that one other edge (32) intersects the second surface at an acute angle and in that the outer coating extends along the aforementioned one other edge (32) from the second surface as far as the slot (35b).
- System according to Claim 7, characterized in that the elongated slot (35b) comprises a surface with an area greater than 1% of the second surface of the insulating material (28).
- System according to Claim 7, characterized in that the elongated slot (35b) comprises a surface with an area of 1 to 2% of the second surface of the insulating material (28).
- System according to Claim 4, characterized in that the slot is covered by a strip provided with openings (24) and attached to the aforementioned wall.
- System according to Claim 10, characterized in that the strip is formed by an angle element (22) with one leg which covers the slot and whose other leg extends between the heat insulating material (28) and the air barrier (20).
- System according to Claim 2, characterized in that the outer coating (29, 30, 31) comprises a polymer-modified cement-based coating (29) and a net (30) embedded therein.
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GB9216029 | 1992-07-28 | ||
GB929216029A GB9216029D0 (en) | 1992-07-28 | 1992-07-28 | Exterior insulation and finish system |
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EP0581269A3 EP0581269A3 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
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US20040216414A1 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2004-11-04 | Dickinson David Peter | Cladding member and/or a cladding system and/or a method of cladding |
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1992
- 1992-07-28 GB GB929216029A patent/GB9216029D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-07-23 US US08/095,373 patent/US5410852A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-23 NO NO932658A patent/NO307976B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-26 PL PL93299804A patent/PL172088B1/en unknown
- 1993-07-26 CZ CZ931506A patent/CZ282484B6/en unknown
- 1993-07-27 RU RU9393050808A patent/RU2079612C1/en active
- 1993-07-27 HU HU9302177A patent/HU211749B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-28 GB GB9315626A patent/GB2269194B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-28 AT AT93112067T patent/ATE159069T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-28 DE DE59307485T patent/DE59307485D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-28 SK SK805-93A patent/SK80593A3/en unknown
- 1993-07-28 EP EP93112067A patent/EP0581269B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-28 ES ES93112067T patent/ES2052472T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-28 FI FI933387A patent/FI101407B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-07-28 DK DK93112067.9T patent/DK0581269T3/en active
- 1993-07-28 CA CA002101505A patent/CA2101505C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1994
- 1994-06-30 GR GR940300035T patent/GR940300035T1/en unknown
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1997
- 1997-10-22 GR GR970402779T patent/GR3025147T3/en unknown
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HU211749B (en) | 1995-12-28 |
NO932658D0 (en) | 1993-07-23 |
GR940300035T1 (en) | 1994-06-30 |
HU9302177D0 (en) | 1993-11-29 |
FI101407B (en) | 1998-06-15 |
CZ150693A3 (en) | 1994-02-16 |
GB9315626D0 (en) | 1993-09-08 |
DE59307485D1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
EP0581269A2 (en) | 1994-02-02 |
FI101407B1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
ATE159069T1 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
ES2052472T1 (en) | 1994-07-16 |
NO307976B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 |
HUT65304A (en) | 1994-05-02 |
CZ282484B6 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
GB2269194B (en) | 1996-04-03 |
DK0581269T3 (en) | 1997-10-27 |
RU2079612C1 (en) | 1997-05-20 |
CA2101505A1 (en) | 1994-01-10 |
EP0581269A3 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
ES2052472T3 (en) | 1997-11-16 |
GB2269194A (en) | 1994-02-02 |
SK80593A3 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
GR3025147T3 (en) | 1998-02-27 |
FI933387A0 (en) | 1993-07-28 |
PL299804A1 (en) | 1994-02-07 |
PL172088B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
US5410852A (en) | 1995-05-02 |
GB9216029D0 (en) | 1992-09-09 |
FI933387A (en) | 1994-01-29 |
CA2101505C (en) | 1997-12-30 |
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