EP0581269B1 - External insulating and surface treatment system - Google Patents

External insulating and surface treatment system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0581269B1
EP0581269B1 EP93112067A EP93112067A EP0581269B1 EP 0581269 B1 EP0581269 B1 EP 0581269B1 EP 93112067 A EP93112067 A EP 93112067A EP 93112067 A EP93112067 A EP 93112067A EP 0581269 B1 EP0581269 B1 EP 0581269B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulating material
wall
outer coating
slot
air
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EP93112067A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0581269A3 (en
EP0581269A2 (en
Inventor
John R. S. Edgar
Kenneth Paul Wesley
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Sto SE and Co KGaA
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Sto SE and Co KGaA
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Publication of EP0581269A3 publication Critical patent/EP0581269A3/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E04B1/765Bottom edge finishing profile
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762Exterior insulation of exterior walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for thermal insulation and surface treatment of the outside of a building.
  • the surface sealing method tries to eliminate all openings in the wall through which water can pass.
  • the materials available to seal all of these openings are exposed to extreme weather conditions and movement of the building. Even if the problems due to inaccuracies at the place of work and poor craftsman services can be overcome and a perfect seal can be achieved, the weather conditions in practice are capable of causing the seals to be destroyed and to fail, so that openings in the wall are created, through which water can pass.
  • these openings can be extremely small and difficult to identify, so that even an extensive maintenance program is unable to keep the building free of such openings.
  • the other way to control rainwater penetration is to switch off the forces that drive or pull water into the wall.
  • forces are typically considered: kinetic energy, capillarity, gravitational pull, and wind pressure differences.
  • raindrops can be driven directly into large openings in the wall. However, if there is no direct path inside, they will Do not let raindrops penetrate deep into the wall. Where large openings, such as joints, are unavoidable, the use of boards, wedges, barriers or overlaps has proven to be successful in minimizing rain penetration caused by the kinetic energy of the raindrops.
  • the force of gravity causes water to move down the outside of a wall and into the wall through any downward sloping channels. In order to avoid the movement by joints caused by gravity, these are typically constructed inclined upwards from the outside. Unwanted cracks or openings are more difficult to control. If there is a cavity immediately behind the outer surface of the wall, any water that flows through the wall is then drained down under the force of gravity on the inner surface of the outer wall. At the bottom of the cavity, the water can then be drained to the outside by using inclined cover plates.
  • Pressure equalization casing is based on the theory that it neutralizes the air pressure difference across the casing (caused by wind) that causes water penetration. It is impossible to prevent wind from pressurizing a building, but it is possible to counteract the pressure of the wind so that the pressure difference across the outer wall cladding becomes approximately zero. If the pressure difference across the casing is zero, one of the main causes of rain penetration is eliminated.
  • a rain shield wall comprises two layers or layers separated from one another by an air space or a cavity.
  • the outer layer or casing is ventilated to the outside. If wind affects the facade of the building, a pressure difference is generated via the cladding; however, when the cavity behind the cladding is ventilated to the outside, the wind blowing against the wall also affects the cavity and causes the pressure in the cavity to increase until it has reached the outside pressure.
  • This concept of pressure equalization presupposes that the inner coating of the wall is airtight.
  • This inner layer which includes an air barrier, must be able to withstand the wind loads so that the pressure equalization can take place. If there are significant openings in the air barrier, no pressure equalization can occur in the cavity and water penetration can occur.
  • the state of the art includes the knowledge that optimal thermal insulation of a building is achieved if the insulating material is attached to the outside of the building. If thermal insulation is arranged on the outside of the building, thermal bridges formed by building elements are eliminated and a consistently high R-value is guaranteed.
  • the invention has for its object to provide external thermal insulation with rain shield structure, in which the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided or substantially mitigated.
  • the system according to the invention in which this object is achieved, is achieved by the features highlighted in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the invention is thus based on the knowledge that a pressure compensation cavity can be formed by an air-permeable thermal insulation between the load-bearing Structure and cladding is provided, as well as arrangements to allow air to flow into and out of the cavity. This enables the pressures to be compensated very quickly, but also ensures that surfaces of the thermal insulation in the installed state are not exposed to an air cavity.
  • a wall of a building designated 10
  • the load-bearing structure 12 includes vertical load-bearing punches 16, which are arranged at regular intervals, and a casing 18, which is fixed to the punches 16.
  • the load-bearing structure 12 can of course be created in any suitable manner, ie in concrete or steel construction or the like.
  • An airtight barrier 20 is provided over the shroud 18 and meets the guidelines for a type III air barrier of the NRC Institute for Research and Construction.
  • a suitable material for this purpose is a product known as Sto Flexyl, reinforced with a mesh called Sto Airbarrier Mesh; both materials are available from Sto Industries Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario.
  • the EIF system 14 can be applied after the building's load bearing structure 12 is erected, or it can be prefabricated in the form of panels, including the load bearing structure, which are then installed on the building. In any case, the structure of the EIF system 14 is the same and leads to a uniform structure that covers a certain area, e.g. covers a wall, part of a wall or a single panel that has defined edges. For convenience, the term "panel" is used below to refer to a unitary structure. This term is to be understood in the sense that there is no limitation to a separate, prefabricated unit.
  • the EIF system 14 consists of a layer of insulating material 28 and a laminate 27 which comprises a base coating 29, a glass fiber reinforcement mesh 30 and a surface coating 31. The base coat 29 and surface coating 31 extend over the exposed outer surfaces of each panel to prevent moisture from entering the insulation material 28, and the mesh 30 reinforces against cracking of the base coating 29 and surface coating 31, respectively.
  • an angle element 22 is fixed to the casing 18, that it runs along the lower edge 32 of the insulating material 28.
  • the angle element 22 has openings 24 which are arranged on its horizontal leg 26 are provided.
  • the openings 24 form a ventilation area which is larger than 1% of the panel area, and so about 26 holes with a diameter of about 2.5 cm per meter are necessary along the angle element 22 for an approximately 1.25 m high panel.
  • a ventilation area greater than 1 to 2% of the front surface of the system 14 has been found to be acceptable.
  • strips of glass fiber reinforcement mesh are first applied around the perimeter of the panel, that is, the area to be covered by the insulation material 28 to facilitate covering the exposed edges of the thermal insulation.
  • an insulation panel 28 is applied to the casing 18 to cover the area of the panel and is attached to the air barrier 20 by a suitable adhesive 21, which is preferably non-combustible.
  • a suitable adhesive is STO BTS-NC, available from STO Industries Canada, Inc.
  • the insulating material 28 is a suitable, air-permeable thermal insulation material which has sufficient pressure and tensile strength to support the coatings 29, 31. It has been shown that Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material, which is a mineral wool insulation material with a density of approximately 0.96 g / cm 3, is suitable for this purpose.
  • the Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material can be applied in various thicknesses of approximately 5, 7.5 or 10 cm, depending on the desired degree of insulation desired, and typically will be in individual panels 36 with dimensions of approximately 15 cm x 125 cm are provided which are applied to the load bearing structure 12 to cover the desired area.
  • the panels 36 are aligned so that their longitudinal edges 38, ie the 125 cm edges, are arranged vertically and a vertical butt joint, shown at 40, between adjacent ones Form panels 36 and extend to the angle element 22. Although the narrow edges of panels 36 are shown aligned in Fig. 3, it is common to vertically offset the narrow edges to mitigate the formation of cracks.
  • the Roxul External Wall Lamellas thermal insulation consists of mineral wool fibers, of which approximately 10% of the volume is taken up and 90% or more of air.
  • the fibers are arranged in the panel 36 so that they extend between the major surfaces of the panel so that, when fixed, the majority of the fibers extend perpendicular to the jacket 18. This arrangement ensures the necessary compressive and tensile strength, while at the same time forming a relatively permeable thermal insulation through which air can flow in a direction parallel to the casing 18.
  • a suitable coating material is STO BTS-NC, which is a polymer-modified coating based on Portland cement, which ensures an adhesive bond with the thermal insulation and serves as a carrier for decorative coatings.
  • the base coat 29 is reinforced by the glass fiber reinforcement network 30, which is alkali-resistant by pretreatment and which is embedded in the base coat 29 while the latter is still in a moist state.
  • the reinforcement mesh 30 is applied to the exposed edges of the insulation material in accordance with conventional installation procedures.
  • the net 30 also extends over the lower edge 32, but no coating 29 is applied to the area covered by the horizontal leg 26 of the angle element 22 to define a slot 35, so that air can flow freely through the openings 24 to and from the Insulation board 28 can move.
  • the corner element 22 thus protects part of the lower edge 32 while allowing the air flow into the thermal insulation.
  • the base coat 29 and the embedded mesh 30 can then be coated with a surface coating 31 of any of the conventional stucco synthetic primers and top coats available from STO Industries Canada Inc. for the top coat in the desired manner.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show experimental results which were obtained with the arrangement according to FIG. 1 on an experimental panel which showed a continuous increase in pressure over an extended period Period has been subjected. This is followed by an increase in the external pressure, as illustrated by the solid black line, immediately followed by an increase in the internal pressure, which is illustrated by the broken line. This could be ascertained in particular in the case of small pressure rise values, which are more typical of values which can be determined under real conditions. Similarly, a decrease in pressure, as illustrated in Figure 4b, causes the outside pressures to be followed immediately by the inside pressures.
  • each edge can be provided with a longitudinal recess that extends along the length of the panel 36 so that abutting edges 38 define a channel that extends vertically to promote air flow. This can be an advantage if the EIF system uses panels with larger vertical dimensions.
  • angle element 22 can be expanded to provide protection for the underside of the thermal insulation and can carry a drip edge, as shown in Fig. 2a, to provide further protection for the lower edge of the panel .
  • a sealing strip 42 is used to seal between adjacent prefabricated sections.
  • the top edge 34 of each section is inclined downward to aid drainage away from the sealing strip 42.
  • FIG. 2b Another embodiment that does not use an angle element 22 is illustrated in FIG. 2b, in which a suffix "b" is used to designate the same components.
  • the lower edge 32b of one panel and the upper edge 34b of the adjacent panel are arranged at a mutual distance from one another and inclined downwards and outwards at an angle of approximately 30 Ā°.
  • the lower edge 32b is covered with a reinforcement mesh 30b, but only the outer portion of the edge 32b is coated with the base coat 29b to define a slot 35b and leave an exposed strip.
  • the lower edge of the insulating material 28 is open in this way, and air can flow freely into and out of the thermal insulation along its lower edge 32.
  • the width of the slot 35 should form an area of 1 to 2% of the area of the panel.
  • the slot 35 should be between about 2.5 and 5 cm wide for a panel approximately 2.50 m high.

Abstract

An exterior insulation and finish system (14) for a building including an air-permeable insulation (28) located between an air barrier (20) and an exterior finish (31), a portion of one edge (24, 35b) of the insulation being exposed to permit air to flow into and out of the insulation to equalize pressures across the exterior finish.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein System zur WƤrmedƤmmung und OberflƤchenbehandlung der AuƟenseite eines GebƤudes.The invention relates to a system for thermal insulation and surface treatment of the outside of a building.

Das Eindringen von Regenwasser ist eines der Ƥltesten Probleme, mit denen sich HauseigentĆ¼mer auseinandersetzen muƟten; es tritt immer noch allzuhƤufig auf. Das Eindringen von Regenwasser kann nicht nur innere Anstriche und Materialien sondern auch den Aufbau der WƤnde selbst zerstƶren.Rainwater infiltration is one of the oldest problems that homeowners have had to deal with; it still occurs too often. The penetration of rainwater can not only destroy internal coatings and materials but also the structure of the walls themselves.

Regenwasser dringt ein, wenn eine Kombination von an der WandoberflƤche befindlichem Wasser, von Ɩffnungen, durch die es hindurchtreten kann, und einer Kraft, um das Wasser durch diese Ɩffnungen zu bewegen, existiert. Durch Ausschalten von einer dieser drei Voraussetzungen lieƟe sich das Eindringen von Regenwasser verhindern. WƤhrend breite DachĆ¼berhƤnge hilfreich sein mƶgen, die WƤnde eines niedrigen GebƤudes zu schĆ¼tzen, steht ein Ƥhnlicher Schutz fĆ¼r hƶhere GebƤude nicht zur VerfĆ¼gung. Deshalb muƟ eine der beiden verbleibenden Voraussetzungen ausgeschaltet werden, um den Regenwasserdurchtritt zu unterbinden.Rainwater penetrates when there is a combination of water on the wall surface, openings through which it can pass, and a force to move the water through these openings. By switching off one of these three conditions would prevent rainwater from entering. While wide roof overhangs may help protect the walls of a low building, similar protection is not available for higher buildings. Therefore, one of the two remaining requirements must be switched off to prevent rainwater from entering.

Bei der FlƤchenabdichtungsmethode wird versucht, alle in der Wand vorhandenen Ɩffnungen, durch die Wasser hindurchtreten kann, zu eliminieren. Die zum Abdichten all dieser Ɩffnungen zur VerfĆ¼gung stehenden Materialien sind jedoch extremen Wetterbedingungen sowie Bewegungen des GebƤudes ausgesetzt. Selbst wenn die auf Ungenauigkeiten am Arbeitsort sowie mangelhafte Handwerkerleistungen zurĆ¼ckzufĆ¼hrenden Probleme Ć¼berwunden und eine einwandfreie Abdichtung erreicht werden kann, sind die in der Praxis gegebenen Wetterbedingungen in der Lage, ggf. eine Zerstƶrung und einen Ausfall dieser Abdichtungen herbeizufĆ¼hren, sodaƟ Ɩffnungen in der Wand entstehen, durch die Wasser hindurchtreten kann. UnglĆ¼cklicherweise kƶnnen diese Ɩffnungen auƟerordentlich klein und schwer zu identifizieren sein, so daƟ selbst ein weitreichendes Wartungsprogramm nicht in der Lage ist, das GebƤude frei von derartigen Ɩffnungen zu halten.The surface sealing method tries to eliminate all openings in the wall through which water can pass. However, the materials available to seal all of these openings are exposed to extreme weather conditions and movement of the building. Even if the problems due to inaccuracies at the place of work and poor craftsman services can be overcome and a perfect seal can be achieved, the weather conditions in practice are capable of causing the seals to be destroyed and to fail, so that openings in the wall are created, through which water can pass. Unfortunately, these openings can be extremely small and difficult to identify, so that even an extensive maintenance program is unable to keep the building free of such openings.

Der andere Weg, die Regenwasserpenetration zu beherrschen, besteht in der Ausschaltung der KrƤfte, die Wasser in die Wand hineintreiben bzw. hineinziehen. Es sind typischerweise vier solcher KrƤfte in Betracht zu ziehen: Kinetische Energie, KapillaritƤt, Erdanziehungskraft sowie Winddruckdifferenzen.The other way to control rainwater penetration is to switch off the forces that drive or pull water into the wall. Four such forces are typically considered: kinetic energy, capillarity, gravitational pull, and wind pressure differences.

Bei einem windgetriebenen Regen, kƶnnen Regentropfen direkt in groƟe Ɩffnungen in der Wand getrieben werden. Wenn es jedoch keinen direkten Weg in das Innere gibt, werden die Regentropfen nicht tief in die Wand hinein eindringen. Wo groƟe Ɩffnungen, wie z.B. Fugen unvermeidbar sind, hat sich die Verwendung von Brettern, Keilen, SperrwƤnden oder Ɯberlappungen als erfolgreich zur Minimierung von Regenpenetration erwiesen, die durch die kinetische Energie der Regentropfen verursacht wird.In wind-driven rain, raindrops can be driven directly into large openings in the wall. However, if there is no direct path inside, they will Do not let raindrops penetrate deep into the wall. Where large openings, such as joints, are unavoidable, the use of boards, wedges, barriers or overlaps has proven to be successful in minimizing rain penetration caused by the kinetic energy of the raindrops.

Aufgrund der OberflƤchenspannung des Wassers streben in einem Material vorhandene Lƶcher danach, eine gewisse Menge an Feuchtigkeit anzuziehen, bis sich das Material der SƤttigung nƤhert. Falls sich Kapillaren von der AuƟen- zur Innenseite erstrecken, kann sich Wasser aufgrund der kapillaren Saugwirkung durch die Wand hindurchbewegen. Da teilweise Wasserpenetration durch eine Wand aufgrund KapillaritƤt fĆ¼r porƶses Verkleidungsmaterial kennzeichnend ist, kann die EinfĆ¼hrung einer DiskontinuitƤt bzw. eines Luftspalts eine Bewegung von Wasser durch die Wand hindurch verhindern.Due to the surface tension of the water, holes in a material tend to attract a certain amount of moisture until the material approaches saturation. If capillaries extend from the outside to the inside, water can move through the wall due to the capillary suction effect. Since partial water penetration through a wall due to capillarity is characteristic of porous cladding material, the introduction of a discontinuity or air gap can prevent water from moving through the wall.

Die Kraft der Erdanziehung verursacht die Bewegung von Wasser an der AuƟenseite einer Wandung nach abwƤrts und durch irgendwelche nach unten geneigt verlaufende KanƤle in die Wand hinein. Um die durch GravitƤt erzeugte Bewegung durch Fugen zu vermeiden, sind diese typischerweise von der AuƟenseite ausgehend nach aufwƤrts geneigt konstruiert. UnerwĆ¼nschte Risse bzw. Ɩffnungen sind schwieriger zu kontrollieren. Falls es unmittelbar hinter der AuƟenflƤche der Wandung einen Hohlraum gibt, wird jedes Wasser, das durch die Wand hindurchflieƟt, sodann unter der Schwerkraftwirkung an der InnenflƤche der AuƟenwand nach unten abgeleitet. Am Boden des Hohlraums kann das Wasser dann durch Verwendung geneigter Abdeckbleche zur AuƟenseite hin abgeleitet werden.The force of gravity causes water to move down the outside of a wall and into the wall through any downward sloping channels. In order to avoid the movement by joints caused by gravity, these are typically constructed inclined upwards from the outside. Unwanted cracks or openings are more difficult to control. If there is a cavity immediately behind the outer surface of the wall, any water that flows through the wall is then drained down under the force of gravity on the inner surface of the outer wall. At the bottom of the cavity, the water can then be drained to the outside by using inclined cover plates.

Eine Luftdruckdifferenz quer zur Wand des GebƤudes wird durch einen Staueffekt, Wind und/oder mechanische BelĆ¼ftung erzeugt. Falls der Druck auf die AuƟenseite der Wand grĆ¶ĆŸer als im Inneren der Wand ist, kann Wasser durch winzige Ɩffnungen in der Wand hindurchgezwungen werden. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daƟ die Menge an Regenwasser, das durch eine Wandumkleidung aufgrund dieser Wirkungsweise hindurchbewegt wird, ƤuƟerst bedeutsam ist. Es ist bereits erkannt worden, daƟ diese Kraft durch Verwendung eines druckausgleichenden Hohlraums eliminiert bzw. reduziert werden kann.An air pressure difference across the wall of the building is created by a traffic jam effect, wind and / or mechanical ventilation. If the pressure on the outside of the wall is greater than inside the wall, water can be forced through tiny openings in the wall. Studies have shown that the amount of rainwater that is moved through a wall covering due to this mode of action is extremely significant. It has already been recognized that this force can be eliminated or reduced by using a pressure-equalizing cavity.

Der Druckausgleichsumkleidung liegt die Theorie zugrunde, daƟ sie die Luftdruckdifferenz Ć¼ber die Verkleidung (hervorgerufen durch Wind), die die Wasserpenetration verursacht, neutralisiert. Es ist unmƶglich zu verhindern, daƟ Wind ein GebƤude druckbeaufschlagt, aber es ist mƶglich, dem Druck des Windes entgegenzuwirken, so daƟ die Druckdifferenz Ć¼ber die ƤuƟere Umkleidung der Wand angenƤhert Null wird. Falls die Druckdifferenz Ć¼ber die Umkleidung gleich Null ist, ist eine der Hauptursachen der Regenpenetration eliminiert.Pressure equalization casing is based on the theory that it neutralizes the air pressure difference across the casing (caused by wind) that causes water penetration. It is impossible to prevent wind from pressurizing a building, but it is possible to counteract the pressure of the wind so that the pressure difference across the outer wall cladding becomes approximately zero. If the pressure difference across the casing is zero, one of the main causes of rain penetration is eliminated.

GemƤƟ frĆ¼heren VorschlƤgen umfaƟt eine Regenabschirmwand zwei durch einen Luftraum bzw. eine Hƶhlung voneinander getrennte Lagen bzw. Schichten. Die ƤuƟere Lage bzw. Umkleidung ist zur AuƟenseite hin belĆ¼ftet. Wenn Wind auf die GebƤudefassade einwirkt, wird Ć¼ber die Verkleidung eine Druckdifferenz erzeugt; wenn jedoch der Hohlraum hinter der Verkleidung zur AuƟenseite hin belĆ¼ftet ist, beaufschlagt der Wind, der gegen die Wand blƤst, auch die Hƶhlung und sorgt dafĆ¼r, daƟ der Druck in der Hƶhlung ansteigt, bis er den AuƟendruck erreicht hat. Dieses Konzept des Druckausgleichs setzt voraus, daƟ die innere Beschichtung der Wand luftdicht ist. Diese innere Schicht, die eine Luftsperre umfaƟt, muƟ in der Lage sein, den Windbeanspruchungen standzuhalten, damit der Druckausgleich stattfinden kann. Falls sich in der Luftsperre bedeutende Ɩffnungen befinden, kann sich kein Druckausgleich im Hohlraum einstellen, und es kann zu einer wasserpenetration kommen.According to previous proposals, a rain shield wall comprises two layers or layers separated from one another by an air space or a cavity. The outer layer or casing is ventilated to the outside. If wind affects the facade of the building, a pressure difference is generated via the cladding; however, when the cavity behind the cladding is ventilated to the outside, the wind blowing against the wall also affects the cavity and causes the pressure in the cavity to increase until it has reached the outside pressure. This concept of pressure equalization presupposes that the inner coating of the wall is airtight. This inner layer, which includes an air barrier, must be able to withstand the wind loads so that the pressure equalization can take place. If there are significant openings in the air barrier, no pressure equalization can occur in the cavity and water penetration can occur.

Zum Stand der Technik gehƶrt die Erkenntnis, daƟ eine optimale WƤrmedƤmmung eines GebƤudes erreicht wird, wenn das DƤmmaterial an der AuƟenseite des GebƤudes angebracht wird. Bei Anordnung der WƤrmedƤmmung an der AuƟenseite des GebƤudes werden von Bauelementen des GebƤudes gebildete WƤrmebrĆ¼cken eliminiert und ein bestƤndig hoher R-Wert gewƤhrleistet.The state of the art includes the knowledge that optimal thermal insulation of a building is achieved if the insulating material is attached to the outside of the building. If thermal insulation is arranged on the outside of the building, thermal bridges formed by building elements are eliminated and a consistently high R-value is guaranteed.

Die Anwendung der ƤuƟeren WƤrmedƤmmung bei einer Regenabschirmwand hat jedoch zu praktischen Schwierigkeiten gefĆ¼hrt, bedingt durch die Notwendigkeit, fĆ¼r einen Ausgleich des Druckes innerhalb des durch die WƤrmedƤmmung definierten Hohlraums zu sorgen und doch den fĆ¼r beispielhafte GebƤude geltenden Regeln Rechnung zu tragen. Der WƤrmedƤmmungsraum zwischen dem lasttragenden Aufbau und der Verkleidung, die den Hohlraum definiert, lƤƟt eine FlƤche der WƤrmedƤmmung exponiert. Dies ist gegen die erwƤhnten Regeln, wie z.B. den National Building Code of Canada (NBCC), wonach es erforderlich ist, daƟ alle FlƤchen von brennbarem WƤrmedƤmmaterial abgedichtet sein mĆ¼ssen. Deshalb kann diese Bauweise nur in solchen FƤllen angewandt werden, in denen brennbare Konstruktionen zugelassen sind, typischerweise GebƤude mit einer Hƶhe von weniger als 3 Stockwerken. Im Ergebnis wurde eine ƤuƟere WƤrmedƤmmung in Verbindung mit FlƤchenabdichtungssystemen eingesetzt, und es wurden RegenabschirmwƤnde mit innerer WƤrmedƤmmung verwendet.However, the application of the external thermal insulation to a rain shield wall has led to practical difficulties due to the need to balance the pressure within the cavity defined by the thermal insulation and yet to comply with the rules applicable to exemplary buildings. The thermal insulation space between the load-bearing structure and the cladding that defines the cavity leaves one surface of the thermal insulation exposed. This is against the aforementioned rules, such as the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC), which requires that all surfaces must be sealed with combustible thermal insulation material. Therefore, this type of construction can only be used in cases where combustible structures are permitted, typically buildings with a height of less than 3 floors. As a result, external thermal insulation has been used in connection with surface waterproofing systems, and rain shielding walls with internal thermal insulation have been used.

Ausgehend von einem AuƟendƤmm- und OberflƤchenabschluƟsystem zur Anwendung an einer Wand eines GebƤudes, wie es im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 herausgestellt und aus der "Deutschen Bauzeit D.B.Z.", Nr. 9, Sept. 1982, GĆ¼tersloh (DE), Seiten 1241-1245 vorbekannt ist, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine ƤuƟere WƤrmedƤmmung mit Regenabschirmaufbau vorzusehen, bei der die vorerwƤhnten Nachteile vermieden bzw. wesentlich abgeschwƤcht sind.Starting from an external insulation and surface sealing system for use on a wall of a building, as pointed out in the preamble of claim 1 and previously known from "Deutsche Bauzeit DBZ", No. 9, Sept. 1982, GĆ¼tersloh (DE), pages 1241-1245 is, the invention has for its object to provide external thermal insulation with rain shield structure, in which the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided or substantially mitigated.

Das erfindungsgemƤƟe System, bei dem diese Aufgabe gelƶst ist, ist durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 herausgestellten Merkmale gelƶst. Die Erfindung basiert somit auf der Erkenntnis, daƟ ein Druckausgleichshohlraum durch eine luftdurchlƤssige WƤrmedƤmmung gebildet sein kann, die zwischen dem lasttragenden Aufbau und der Verkleidung vorgesehen ist, sowie durch Vorkehrungen, um Luft in den und aus dem Hohlraum flieƟen zu lassen. Dies ermƶglicht einen sehr schnellen Ausgleich der DrĆ¼cke, stellt jedoch auch sicher, daƟ FlƤchen der WƤrmedƤmmung in eingebautem Zustand nicht zu einem Lufthohlraum offen liegen.The system according to the invention, in which this object is achieved, is achieved by the features highlighted in the characterizing part of claim 1. The invention is thus based on the knowledge that a pressure compensation cavity can be formed by an air-permeable thermal insulation between the load-bearing Structure and cladding is provided, as well as arrangements to allow air to flow into and out of the cavity. This enables the pressures to be compensated very quickly, but also ensures that surfaces of the thermal insulation in the installed state are not exposed to an air cavity.

Eine AusfĆ¼hrungsform der Erfindung wird nachstehend lediglich anhand eines Beispieles unter Bezugnahme auf die zugehƶrige Zeichnung erlƤutert, und zwar zeigen

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische isometrische Ansicht, teilweise weggebrochen, einer GebƤudewand,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie 2-2 der Fig. 1,
Fig. 2 a und 2 b
abgewandelte AusfĆ¼hrungsformen,
Fig. 3
eine Vorderansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Wand, und
Fig. 4a und 4b
Diagramme, die die Reaktion auf DruckƤderungen auf der AuƟen- sowie Innenseite der Wand gemƤƟ Fig. 1 zeigen.
An embodiment of the invention is explained below using only an example with reference to the accompanying drawings, namely show
Fig. 1
a perspective isometric view, partially broken away, of a building wall,
Fig. 2
2 shows a section along line 2-2 of FIG. 1,
2 a and 2 b
modified embodiments,
Fig. 3
a front view of the wall shown in Fig. 1, and
4a and 4b
Diagrams showing the reaction to pressure changes on the outside and inside of the wall according to FIG. 1.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, umfaƟt eine Wand eines GebƤudes, die mit 10 bezeichnet ist, einen Last-tragenden Aufbau 12 sowie ein OberflƤchenbehandlungssystem 14 (auch EIF-System genannt). Der Last-tragende Aufbau 12 schlieƟt vertikale Last-tragende Stempel 16 ein, die in gleichmƤƟigen AbstƤnden angeordnet sind, sowie eine Ummantelung 18, die an den Stempeln 16 festgelegt ist. Der Last-tragende Aufbau 12 kann natĆ¼rlich auf jede geeignete Weise geschaffen sein, d.h. in Beton- bzw. in Stahlbauweise o. dgl.1, a wall of a building, designated 10, includes a load-bearing structure 12 and a surface treatment system 14 (also called an EIF system). The load-bearing structure 12 includes vertical load-bearing punches 16, which are arranged at regular intervals, and a casing 18, which is fixed to the punches 16. The load-bearing structure 12 can of course be created in any suitable manner, ie in concrete or steel construction or the like.

Eine luftdichte Sperre 20 ist Ć¼ber der Ummantelung 18 vorgesehen und genĆ¼gt den Richtlinien fĆ¼r eine Luftsperre des Typs III des NRC Institute for Research and Construction. Als hierfĆ¼r geeignetes Material kommt ein Produkt in Frage, das als Sto Flexyl bekannt ist, verstƤrkt mit einem Netz der Bezeichnung Sto Airbarrier Mesh; beide Materialien sind bei der Sto Industries Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, erhƤltlich.An airtight barrier 20 is provided over the shroud 18 and meets the guidelines for a type III air barrier of the NRC Institute for Research and Construction. A suitable material for this purpose is a product known as Sto Flexyl, reinforced with a mesh called Sto Airbarrier Mesh; both materials are available from Sto Industries Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario.

Das EIF-System bzw. OberflƤchenbehandlungssystem 14 kann nach der Errichtung des Last-tragenden Aufbaus 12 des GebƤudes aufgebracht werden, oder es kann in Form von Paneelen, einschlieƟlich des Last-tragenden Aufbaus vorgefertigt sein, die dann an dem GebƤude installiert werden. In jedem Fall ist der Aufbau des EIF-Systems 14 gleich und fĆ¼hrt zu einer einheitlichen Struktur, die einen bestimmten Bereich wie z.B. eine Wand, einen Teil einer Wand bzw. ein einzelnes Paneel abdeckt, das definierte RƤnder besitzt. Der Einfachheit halber wird der Ausdruck "Paneel" nachstehend benutzt, um auf einen einheitlichen Aufbau Bezug zu nehmen. Dieser Begriff ist dabei in dem Sinne zu verstehen, daƟ damit keine BeschrƤnkung auf eine getrennte, vorgefertigte Einheit zu verstehen ist. Das EIF-System 14 besteht aus einer Lage aus DƤmmaterial 28 und ein Laminat 27, das einen GrundĆ¼berzug 29, ein Glasfaser-VerstƤrkungs-Netz 30 und eine OberflƤchenbeschichtung 31 umfaƟt. Der GrundĆ¼berzug 29 und die OberflƤchenbeschichtung 31 erstrecken sich Ć¼ber die exponierten AuƟenflƤchen jedes Paneels, um Feuchtigkeit daran zu hindern, in das DƤmmaterial 28 einzudringen, und das Netz 30 bildet eine VerstƤrkung gegen eine RiƟbildung des GrundĆ¼berzugs 29 bzw. der OberflƤchenbeschichtung 31.The EIF system 14 can be applied after the building's load bearing structure 12 is erected, or it can be prefabricated in the form of panels, including the load bearing structure, which are then installed on the building. In any case, the structure of the EIF system 14 is the same and leads to a uniform structure that covers a certain area, e.g. covers a wall, part of a wall or a single panel that has defined edges. For convenience, the term "panel" is used below to refer to a unitary structure. This term is to be understood in the sense that there is no limitation to a separate, prefabricated unit. The EIF system 14 consists of a layer of insulating material 28 and a laminate 27 which comprises a base coating 29, a glass fiber reinforcement mesh 30 and a surface coating 31. The base coat 29 and surface coating 31 extend over the exposed outer surfaces of each panel to prevent moisture from entering the insulation material 28, and the mesh 30 reinforces against cracking of the base coating 29 and surface coating 31, respectively.

Aus Fig. 1 ist ersichtlich, daƟ ein Winkelelement 22 so an der Ummantelung 18 festgelegt ist,
daƟ es am unteren Rand 32 des DƤmmaterials 28 entlang verlƤuft. Das Winkelelement 22 weist Ɩffnungen 24 auf, die an seinem horizontalen Schenkel 26 vorgesehen sind. Die Ɩffnungen 24 bilden einen BelĆ¼ftungsbereich, der grĆ¶ĆŸer als 1% der PaneelflƤche ausgebildet ist, und so sind lƤngs des Winkelelements 22 fĆ¼r ein etwa 1,25 m hohes Paneel etwa 26 Lƶcher mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 2,5 cm pro Meter nƶtig. Eine BelĆ¼ftungsflƤche grĆ¶ĆŸer als 1 bis 2 % der VorderflƤche des Systems 14 hat sich als akzeptabel herausgestellt.
From Fig. 1 it can be seen that an angle element 22 is fixed to the casing 18,
that it runs along the lower edge 32 of the insulating material 28. The angle element 22 has openings 24 which are arranged on its horizontal leg 26 are provided. The openings 24 form a ventilation area which is larger than 1% of the panel area, and so about 26 holes with a diameter of about 2.5 cm per meter are necessary along the angle element 22 for an approximately 1.25 m high panel. A ventilation area greater than 1 to 2% of the front surface of the system 14 has been found to be acceptable.

Zur Bildung des EIF-Systems 14 werden zuerst Streifen aus GlasfaserverstƤrkungsnetz um den Umfang des Paneels herum aufgebracht, d.h. den durch das DƤmmaterial 28 abzudeckenden Bereich, um das Bedecken der exponierten RƤnder der WƤrmedƤmmung zu erleichtern. Sodann wird eine DƤmmplatte 28 auf die Ummantelung 18 aufgebracht, um den Bereich des Paneels abzudecken, und wird an der Luftsperre 20 durch einen geeigneten Kleber 21 festgelegt, der vorzugsweise nicht brennbar ist. Ein geeigneter Kleber ist STO BTS-NC, erhƤltlich von der STO Industries Canada, Inc.. Bei dem DƤmmaterial 28 handelt es sich um ein geeignetes luftdurchlƤssiges WƤrmedƤmmaterial, das eine ausreichende Druck- und Zugfestigkeit besitzt, um die ƜberzĆ¼ge 29, 31 zu tragen. Es hat sich gezeigt, daƟ Roxul External Wall Lamellas-DƤmmaterial bei dem es sich um ein Mineralwolle-DƤmmaterial mit einer Dichte von etwa 0,96 g/cm3 handelt, fĆ¼r diesen Zweck geeignet ist.To form the EIF system 14, strips of glass fiber reinforcement mesh are first applied around the perimeter of the panel, that is, the area to be covered by the insulation material 28 to facilitate covering the exposed edges of the thermal insulation. Then an insulation panel 28 is applied to the casing 18 to cover the area of the panel and is attached to the air barrier 20 by a suitable adhesive 21, which is preferably non-combustible. A suitable adhesive is STO BTS-NC, available from STO Industries Canada, Inc. The insulating material 28 is a suitable, air-permeable thermal insulation material which has sufficient pressure and tensile strength to support the coatings 29, 31. It has been shown that Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material, which is a mineral wool insulation material with a density of approximately 0.96 g / cm 3, is suitable for this purpose.

Das Roxul External Wall Lamellas-DƤmmaterial kann in verschiedenen StƤrken von etwa 5, 7,5 oder 10 cm StƤrke aufgebracht werden, und zwar in AbhƤngigkeit von dem gewĆ¼nschten Grad der gewĆ¼nschten DƤmmung, und typischerweise wird es in einzelnen Tafeln 36 mit den Abmessungen von etwa 15 cm x 125 cm zur VerfĆ¼gung gestellt, die auf den Last-tragenden Aufbau 12 aufgebracht werden, um den gewĆ¼nschten Bereich zu bedecken. Die Tafeln 36 werden so ausgerichtet, daƟ ihre LƤngsrƤnder 38, d.h. die 125 cm-RƤnder vertikal angeordnet sind und eine vertikale StoƟfuge, die bei 40 gezeigt ist, zwischen benachbarten Tafeln 36 bilden und sich zum Winkelelement 22 erstrecken. Obgleich die schmalen RƤnder der Tafeln 36 in Fig. 3 ausgerichtet gezeigt sind, ist es Ć¼blich, die schmalen RƤnder vertikal versetzt anzuordnen, um die Bildung von Rissen abzumildern. Die Roxul External Wall Lamellas-WƤrmedƤmmung besteht aus Mineralwollefasern, von denen angenƤhert 10% des Volumens eingenommen wird und 90% oder mehr von Luft. Die Fasern sind in der Tafel 36 so angeordnet, daƟ sie sich zwischen den HauptflƤchen der Tafel erstrecken, damit sich in festgelegtem Zustand die Mehrzahl der Fasern senkrecht zu der Ummantelung 18 erstreckt. Diese Anordnung stellt die notwendige Druck- und Zugfestigkeit sicher, wƤhrend sie gleichzeitig eine relativ durchlƤssige WƤrmedƤmmung bildet, durch die Luft in einer Richtung parallel zur Ummantelung 18 flieƟen kann.The Roxul External Wall Lamellas insulation material can be applied in various thicknesses of approximately 5, 7.5 or 10 cm, depending on the desired degree of insulation desired, and typically will be in individual panels 36 with dimensions of approximately 15 cm x 125 cm are provided which are applied to the load bearing structure 12 to cover the desired area. The panels 36 are aligned so that their longitudinal edges 38, ie the 125 cm edges, are arranged vertically and a vertical butt joint, shown at 40, between adjacent ones Form panels 36 and extend to the angle element 22. Although the narrow edges of panels 36 are shown aligned in Fig. 3, it is common to vertically offset the narrow edges to mitigate the formation of cracks. The Roxul External Wall Lamellas thermal insulation consists of mineral wool fibers, of which approximately 10% of the volume is taken up and 90% or more of air. The fibers are arranged in the panel 36 so that they extend between the major surfaces of the panel so that, when fixed, the majority of the fibers extend perpendicular to the jacket 18. This arrangement ensures the necessary compressive and tensile strength, while at the same time forming a relatively permeable thermal insulation through which air can flow in a direction parallel to the casing 18.

Alle exponierten FlƤchen und RƤnder des DƤmmaterials 28, mit Ausnahme des Teils des unteren Randes 32, das von dem Winkelelement 22 abgestĆ¼tzt ist, sind mit einem nicht brennbaren GrundĆ¼berzug 29 einer durchschnittlichen StƤrke von etwa 3,2 mm beschichtet. Ein geeignetes Beschichtungsmaterial ist STO BTS-NC, bei dem es sich um einen Polymer-modifizierten Ɯberzug auf Portland-Zement-Basis handelt, der mit der WƤrmedƤmmung einen Haftverbund gewƤhrleistet und als TrƤger fĆ¼r dekorative ƜberzĆ¼ge dient. Der GrundĆ¼berzug 29 ist durch das GlasfaserverstƤrkungsnetz 30 verstƤrkt, welches durch Vorbehandlung Alkali-widerstandsfest ist und das in den GrundĆ¼berzug 29 eingebettet wird, wƤhrend sich dieser noch in feuchtem Zustand befindet. Das VerstƤrkungsnetz 30 wird an den exponierten RƤndern des DƤmmaterials in Ɯbereinstimmung mit Ć¼blichen Installationsverfahren aufgebracht. Das Netz 30 erstreckt sich auch Ć¼ber den unteren Rand 32, jedoch wird kein Ɯberzug 29 auf den vom horizontalen Schenkel 26 des Winkelelements 22 abgedeckten Bereich aufgebracht, um einen Schlitz 35 zu definieren, so daƟ sich Luft durch die Ɩffnungen 24 frei zu und aus der DƤmmaterial-Tafel 28 bewegen kann. Das Winkelelement 22 schĆ¼tzt so einen Teil des unteren Randes 32, wƤhrend es die Luftstrƶmung in die WƤrmedƤmmung zulƤƟt. Der GrundĆ¼berzug 29 und das eingebettete Netz 30 kƶnnen dann mit einer OberflƤchenbeschichtung 31 irgendeines der Ć¼blichen synthetischen Stuckgrundierer und Endbeschichtungen Ć¼berzogen werden, die von der STO Industries Canada Inc. fĆ¼r die Endbeschichtung auf die gewĆ¼nschte Weise erhƤltlich sind.All exposed surfaces and edges of the insulating material 28, with the exception of the part of the lower edge 32, which is supported by the angle element 22, are coated with a non-combustible basic coating 29 with an average thickness of approximately 3.2 mm. A suitable coating material is STO BTS-NC, which is a polymer-modified coating based on Portland cement, which ensures an adhesive bond with the thermal insulation and serves as a carrier for decorative coatings. The base coat 29 is reinforced by the glass fiber reinforcement network 30, which is alkali-resistant by pretreatment and which is embedded in the base coat 29 while the latter is still in a moist state. The reinforcement mesh 30 is applied to the exposed edges of the insulation material in accordance with conventional installation procedures. The net 30 also extends over the lower edge 32, but no coating 29 is applied to the area covered by the horizontal leg 26 of the angle element 22 to define a slot 35, so that air can flow freely through the openings 24 to and from the Insulation board 28 can move. The corner element 22 thus protects part of the lower edge 32 while allowing the air flow into the thermal insulation. The base coat 29 and the embedded mesh 30 can then be coated with a surface coating 31 of any of the conventional stucco synthetic primers and top coats available from STO Industries Canada Inc. for the top coat in the desired manner.

Die Ɩffnungen 24 im Winkelelement 22 erlauben eine Luftbewegung in die und aus der WƤrmedƤmmplatte 28. Die Fig. 4a und 4b zeigen experimentelle Ergebnisse, die mit der Anordnung gemƤƟ Fig. 1 an einem Versuchs-Paneel gewonnen wurden, das einem fortlaufenden Druckanstieg Ć¼ber einen ausgedehnten Zeitraum unterworfen wurde. Danach folgt einer Erhƶhung des AuƟendrucks, wie er durch die durchgehende schwarze Linie veranschaulicht ist, unmittelbar eine Erhƶhung des inneren Drucks, der durch die unterbrochene Linie veranschaulicht ist. Dies konnte insbesondere bei kleinen Druckanstiegswerten festgestellt werden, die fĆ¼r solche Werte typischer sind, welche sich bei realen Bedingungen feststellen lassen. Auf gleiche Weise ruft eine Druckverringerung, wie sie in Fig. 4b veranschaulicht ist, hervor, daƟ den AuƟendrĆ¼cken die InnendrĆ¼cke unmittelbar folgen. Der unmittelbare Druckausgleich ist signifikant, da die DruckkrƤfte gewƶhnlich vorĆ¼bergehend gegeben sind, und zwar aufgrund von WindstĆ¶ĆŸen, und eine Druckausgleichsverzƶgerung wĆ¼rde Druckdifferenzen die Mƶglichkeit der Existenz geben und folglich einen Durchtritt von Feuchtigkeit durch die Endbeschichtung erlauben. Die Ergebnisse von Testversuchen, bei denen das Paneel gemƤƟ Fig. 1 einer zyklischen dynamischen DruckƤnderung unterworfen wurde, haben bestƤtigt, daƟ der Druck innerhalb der WƤrmedƤmmung 28 dicht auf den auƟen angelegten Druck folgt.The openings 24 in the angle element 22 allow air to move into and out of the thermal insulation panel 28. FIGS. 4a and 4b show experimental results which were obtained with the arrangement according to FIG. 1 on an experimental panel which showed a continuous increase in pressure over an extended period Period has been subjected. This is followed by an increase in the external pressure, as illustrated by the solid black line, immediately followed by an increase in the internal pressure, which is illustrated by the broken line. This could be ascertained in particular in the case of small pressure rise values, which are more typical of values which can be determined under real conditions. Similarly, a decrease in pressure, as illustrated in Figure 4b, causes the outside pressures to be followed immediately by the inside pressures. Immediate pressure equalization is significant since the pressure forces are usually temporary due to gusts of wind, and a pressure equalization delay would allow pressure differences to exist and, consequently, allow moisture to pass through the top coat. The results of test runs, in which the panel according to FIG. 1 was subjected to a cyclical dynamic pressure change, confirmed that the pressure inside the thermal insulation 28 closely follows the pressure applied externally.

Auf diese Weise kann sich eine signifikante Druckdifferenz Ć¼ber die Schichten nicht ergeben, und folglich wird Wasser nicht durch die Schichten hindurch in die WƤrmedƤmmung gedrĆ¼ckt. Dies ermƶglicht es, das anzubringende DƤmmaterial 28 unmittelbar auf der Luftsperre 20 ohne jede Vorkehrung fĆ¼r eine Wasserableitung oder aber einen Hohlraum aufzubringen.In this way, there can be no significant pressure differential across the layers, and consequently Water is not forced through the layers into the thermal insulation. This makes it possible to apply the insulating material 28 to be applied directly to the air barrier 20 without any provision for water drainage or a cavity.

Die Ausrichtung der Fasern im DƤmmaterial 28 dĆ¼rfte die schnelle Verteilung der Druckwellen Ć¼ber den durch die WƤrmedƤmmplatte abgedeckten Bereich beschleunigen. Dies wird durch die Vertikalausrichtung der StoƟfugen 40 begĆ¼nstigt, die der Luft eine Vertikalbewegung entlang jeder Tafel 36 und in den Kƶrper der WƤrmedƤmmung hinein zulassen, um die Verteilung von Luft und folglich einen Druckausgleich zu unterstĆ¼tzen. Falls erforderlich, kann jeder Rand mit einer LƤngsausnehmung versehen sein, der sich entlang der LƤnge der Tafel 36 ausdehnt, so daƟ aneinander anliegende RƤnder 38 einen Kanal definieren, der sich vertikal erstreckt, um eine Luftstrƶmung zu begĆ¼nstigen. Dies kann von Vorteil sein, wenn das EIF-System Paneele mit grĆ¶ĆŸeren vertikalen Abmessungen verwendet.The orientation of the fibers in the insulating material 28 should accelerate the rapid distribution of the pressure waves over the area covered by the thermal insulation board. This is favored by the vertical orientation of the butt joints 40, which allow the air to move vertically along each panel 36 and into the body of the thermal insulation to aid in the distribution of air and hence pressure equalization. If necessary, each edge can be provided with a longitudinal recess that extends along the length of the panel 36 so that abutting edges 38 define a channel that extends vertically to promote air flow. This can be an advantage if the EIF system uses panels with larger vertical dimensions.

Es ist zu erwarten, daƟ das Winkelelement 22 ausgedehnt werden kann, um einen Schutz fĆ¼r die Unterseite der WƤrmedƤmmung zu bilden, und kann eine Tropfkante tragen, wie dies in Fig. 2a gezeigt ist, um einen weiteren Schutz fĆ¼r den unteren Rand des Paneels vorzusehen.It is expected that the angle element 22 can be expanded to provide protection for the underside of the thermal insulation and can carry a drip edge, as shown in Fig. 2a, to provide further protection for the lower edge of the panel .

Wenn das EIP-System 14 zusammen mit dem lasttragenden Aufbau 12 vorgefertigt ist, findet ein Abdichtungsstreifen 42 Anwendung, um zwischen benachbarten vorgefertigten Abschnitten abzudichten. Wie in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigt wird, ist in diesem Fall vorzugsweise die obere Kante 34 jedes Abschnitts nach unten geneigt, um die Drainage weg vom Abdichtungsstreifen 42 zu unterstĆ¼tzen.When the EIP system 14 is prefabricated together with the load-bearing structure 12, a sealing strip 42 is used to seal between adjacent prefabricated sections. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, preferably the top edge 34 of each section is inclined downward to aid drainage away from the sealing strip 42.

Eine weitere AusfĆ¼hrung, die sich keines Winkelelements 22 bedient, ist in Fig. 2b veranschaulicht, in der ein Suffix "b" zur Bezeichnung gleicher Bauelemente verwendet ist. Bei der AusfĆ¼hrung nach Fig. 2b sind der untere Rand 32b des einen Paneels und der obere Rand 34b des benachbarten Paneels voneinander in einem gegenseitigen Abstand und nach unten und auƟen unter einem Winkel von etwa 30Ā° geneigt angeordnet. Die untere Kante 32b ist mit einem VerstƤrkungsnetz 30b abgedeckt, jedoch ist lediglich der ƤuƟere Abschnitt des Randes 32b mit dem GrundĆ¼berzug 29b beschichtet, um einen Schlitz 35b zu definieren und einen exponierten Streifen zu belassen. Der untere Rand des DƤmmaterials 28 ist auf diese Weise offen, und Luft kann in die und aus der WƤrmedƤmmung lƤngs ihrer unteren Kante 32 frei strƶmen. In der Praxis hat sich herausgestellt, daƟ die Breite des Schlitzes 35 eine FlƤche von 1 bis 2% des FlƤchenbereichs des Paneels bilden sollte. So sollte der Schlitz 35 fĆ¼r ein ca. 2,50 m hohes Paneel zwischen etwa 2,5 und 5 cm Breite liegen.Another embodiment that does not use an angle element 22 is illustrated in FIG. 2b, in which a suffix "b" is used to designate the same components. 2b, the lower edge 32b of one panel and the upper edge 34b of the adjacent panel are arranged at a mutual distance from one another and inclined downwards and outwards at an angle of approximately 30 Ā°. The lower edge 32b is covered with a reinforcement mesh 30b, but only the outer portion of the edge 32b is coated with the base coat 29b to define a slot 35b and leave an exposed strip. The lower edge of the insulating material 28 is open in this way, and air can flow freely into and out of the thermal insulation along its lower edge 32. In practice it has been found that the width of the slot 35 should form an area of 1 to 2% of the area of the panel. For example, the slot 35 should be between about 2.5 and 5 cm wide for a panel approximately 2.50 m high.

Es wird angenommen, daƟ die vorstehend im Beispiel herausgestellte WƤrmedƤmmung aus Mineralwolle eine maximale Antwort auf DruckluftƤnderungen gibt; es kƶnnen jedoch auch andere Arten des DƤmmaterials Verwendung finden, vorausgesetzt daƟ sie keine Aufrechterhaltung einer wesentlichen Luftdruckdifferenz zwischen der Innenseite und der AuƟenseite des DƤmmaterials erlauben.It is believed that the mineral wool thermal insulation highlighted in the example above provides a maximum response to changes in compressed air; however, other types of insulating material can be used, provided that they do not allow a substantial air pressure difference to be maintained between the inside and outside of the insulating material.

Claims (12)

  1. Exterior insulation and surface sealing system for application to a wall (10) of a building
    a) with an air barrier (20) which possesses a pair of surfaces facing in opposite directions, one of which contacts the wall (10) and the other of which is directed away from the wall, and
    b) with an insulating material (28) with a first surface and a second surface directed towards the opposite side, of which the first surface is in contact with that surface of the air barrier (20) directed away from the wall (10) to cover a predetermined region of the wall, and
    c) with peripheral edges which extend between the first surface and the second surface and delimit the region to be covered by the insulating material (28), and
    d) an outer coating (29, 30, 31) applied on its second surface to prevent the penetration of moisture into the insulating material (28), characterized
    e) in that the outer coating (29, 30, 31) is also applied on at least one of the peripheral edges,
    f) in that the insulating material (28) is air permeable and
    g) in that at least part (35) of another of the peripheral edges (32) is left free of the outer coating (29, 30, 31) to permit air to flow into the insulating material (28) and to cause a pressure equalization over the outer coating (29, 30, 31).
  2. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the insulating material (28) possesses a fibrous structure and in that the fibres have an alignment as a result of which they extend between the first and second surfaces.
  3. System according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating material (28) is formed from a multiplicity of panels (36) which contact one another with adjacent edges (38) to form a butt joint (40) and in that said butt joints (40) start from the other (32) of the aforementioned peripheral edges.
  4. System according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the aforementioned part (35) of the other peripheral edge (32) extends adjacently to the aforementioned first surface and between contiguous edges to provide an elongated slot (35b) in the outer coating (29, 30, 31), via which slot (35b) a region of the insulating material (28) is exposed.
  5. System according to Claim 4, characterized in that the outer coating (29, 30, 31) comprises a reinforcing net (30) which extends over the peripheral edges and also over the slot (35b).
  6. System according to Claim 4, characterized in that one other edge (32) runs inclined with respect to the first and second surfaces of the insulating material (28).
  7. System according to Claim 6, characterized in that one other edge (32) intersects the second surface at an acute angle and in that the outer coating extends along the aforementioned one other edge (32) from the second surface as far as the slot (35b).
  8. System according to Claim 7, characterized in that the elongated slot (35b) comprises a surface with an area greater than 1% of the second surface of the insulating material (28).
  9. System according to Claim 7, characterized in that the elongated slot (35b) comprises a surface with an area of 1 to 2% of the second surface of the insulating material (28).
  10. System according to Claim 4, characterized in that the slot is covered by a strip provided with openings (24) and attached to the aforementioned wall.
  11. System according to Claim 10, characterized in that the strip is formed by an angle element (22) with one leg which covers the slot and whose other leg extends between the heat insulating material (28) and the air barrier (20).
  12. System according to Claim 2, characterized in that the outer coating (29, 30, 31) comprises a polymer-modified cement-based coating (29) and a net (30) embedded therein.
EP93112067A 1992-07-28 1993-07-28 External insulating and surface treatment system Expired - Lifetime EP0581269B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929216029A GB9216029D0 (en) 1992-07-28 1992-07-28 Exterior insulation and finish system
GB9216029 1992-07-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0581269A2 EP0581269A2 (en) 1994-02-02
EP0581269A3 EP0581269A3 (en) 1994-12-28
EP0581269B1 true EP0581269B1 (en) 1997-10-08

Family

ID=10719439

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93112067A Expired - Lifetime EP0581269B1 (en) 1992-07-28 1993-07-28 External insulating and surface treatment system

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US (1) US5410852A (en)
EP (1) EP0581269B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE159069T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2101505C (en)
CZ (1) CZ282484B6 (en)
DE (1) DE59307485D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0581269T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2052472T3 (en)
FI (1) FI101407B1 (en)
GB (2) GB9216029D0 (en)
GR (2) GR940300035T1 (en)
HU (1) HU211749B (en)
NO (1) NO307976B1 (en)
PL (1) PL172088B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2079612C1 (en)
SK (1) SK80593A3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU211749B (en) 1995-12-28
FI101407B (en) 1998-06-15
US5410852A (en) 1995-05-02
FI101407B1 (en) 1998-06-15
GB9315626D0 (en) 1993-09-08
CA2101505A1 (en) 1994-01-10
CZ282484B6 (en) 1997-07-16
ES2052472T3 (en) 1997-11-16
PL299804A1 (en) 1994-02-07
NO932658L (en) 1994-01-31
HUT65304A (en) 1994-05-02
GR940300035T1 (en) 1994-06-30
ATE159069T1 (en) 1997-10-15
NO307976B1 (en) 2000-06-26
EP0581269A3 (en) 1994-12-28
GB9216029D0 (en) 1992-09-09
GB2269194B (en) 1996-04-03
SK80593A3 (en) 1994-07-06
RU2079612C1 (en) 1997-05-20
FI933387A (en) 1994-01-29
DE59307485D1 (en) 1997-11-13
CA2101505C (en) 1997-12-30
ES2052472T1 (en) 1994-07-16
NO932658D0 (en) 1993-07-23
CZ150693A3 (en) 1994-02-16
PL172088B1 (en) 1997-07-31
GB2269194A (en) 1994-02-02
GR3025147T3 (en) 1998-02-27
HU9302177D0 (en) 1993-11-29
EP0581269A2 (en) 1994-02-02
DK0581269T3 (en) 1997-10-27
FI933387A0 (en) 1993-07-28

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