EP0528753B1 - Bloc de construction à isolation thermique améliorée - Google Patents

Bloc de construction à isolation thermique améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0528753B1
EP0528753B1 EP92810543A EP92810543A EP0528753B1 EP 0528753 B1 EP0528753 B1 EP 0528753B1 EP 92810543 A EP92810543 A EP 92810543A EP 92810543 A EP92810543 A EP 92810543A EP 0528753 B1 EP0528753 B1 EP 0528753B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building block
cavities
faces
brick
webs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92810543A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0528753A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Schumacher
Arnold Reinhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schumacher & Co
Original Assignee
Schumacher & Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schumacher & Co filed Critical Schumacher & Co
Publication of EP0528753A1 publication Critical patent/EP0528753A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0528753B1 publication Critical patent/EP0528753B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/026—Splittable building elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brick according to the preamble of claim 1 and the use of such brick for creating masonry.
  • Block stones also have the further advantage that they require a smaller number of mortar joints than small bricks, which improves the thermal insulation of the masonry.
  • this tendency due to the weight of the blocks to be moved, which must be adapted to the physical strength of the mason, and on the other hand due to the need to rationalize complex structures with corners, gradations and lintels, i.e. without using different ones Formats of bricks to be able to execute.
  • the compressive strength of a brick penetrated by vertical cavities is highest in the longitudinal direction of the cavities. Since the pressure load on masonry is normally the greatest in the vertical direction, it is therefore logical to design or orient the masonry so that the continuous cavities lie in the vertical direction. Such bricks are called perforated stones.
  • the compressive strength of a hollow hole brick in the direction of the continuous cavities depends essentially on the total cross-sectional area of the webs located between the cavities and is therefore proportional to the bulk density of the brick.
  • the thermal insulation capacity between the end faces depends not only on the cross-sectional area of the webs, but also on the entire path length, which is decisive for the heat conduction along the webs. Given the given compressive strength and thus the given volume fraction of the entire cavity, it is therefore possible to achieve a particularly large path length and thus a correspondingly good thermal insulation by suitable shaping and arrangement of the cavities and the webs separating them.
  • DE-27 14 840-A describes a masonry brick which is penetrated in the vertical direction by cavities, each of which has in cross section the shape of two trapezoids that abut one another with their top sides.
  • the cavities are arranged in such a way that trapezoids lie in rows, with the base sides of adjacent trapezoids lying next to one another in each row, separated by a web. Adjacent rows are offset by the height of the trapezoid.
  • the bridges of this brick are very narrow, so that its compressive strength is so small that the use of this brick is out of the question for most masonry.
  • the object of the invention is therefore seen, starting from a prior art according to DE-27 14 840-A, to propose a brick of the type mentioned which, in addition to a high thermal insulation capacity, has a relatively high compressive strength and which is designed such that it can be adapted to various purposes by making slight modifications to its basic shape in terms of production, without impairing its compressive strength, its strength in general and its thermal insulation capacity.
  • the new masonry brick thus has webs which correspond in cross-section to the mean width of the cavities (ie the smallest width of the cavity), so that its compressive strength is considerable with good thermal insulation properties;
  • the masonry brick is characterized by slight Modifications to its basic shape, problem-free in terms of production, can be adapted to special needs, while its pressure resistance and thermal insulation ability are retained.
  • Such a modification consists, for example, in that one or more of the cavities which adjoin one of the abutting surfaces and whose cross section is therefore formed by only one trapezoid, with the exception of a vertical channel, are filled with brick material.
  • Channels of this type are generally necessary for attaching fitting devices or guides during the construction of the masonry and / or for receiving lines. As such, the filling could be added later; but it is much easier to make them integral with the brick.
  • the arrangement of the filling would result in an improvement in the thermal conductivity and thus a deterioration in the thermal insulation capacity without countermeasures; So that this disadvantage does not occur, a countermeasure is provided, in continuation of each row in which there is a channel, to provide a groove-like indentation which penetrates the wall brick vertically and protrudes inwards from the abutting surface and has approximately the width of the trapezoidal cover side.
  • a countermeasure is provided, in continuation of each row in which there is a channel, to provide a groove-like indentation which penetrates the wall brick vertically and protrudes inwards from the abutting surface and has approximately the width of the trapezoidal cover side.
  • the masonry to be erected from the masonry bricks is not smooth, but it is also necessary to be able to produce corner areas which jump in and out, stop points, falls and the like.
  • a special development of the masonry brick according to the invention with flat predetermined breaking points is suitable, along which the masonry brick can be easily divided into a first partial brick in cuboid shape and into a second partial brick in L shape.
  • the predetermined breaking points run along two vertical planes which are perpendicular to one another and extend from the vertical central axis of the brick to one of the end faces or one of the abutting surfaces.
  • the first partial brick contains one of the vertical edge areas of the original brick, while the second partial brick contains the remaining three edge areas of the original brick.
  • the division of the brick into partial brick is only possible in a simple manner, for example by means of a hammer blow, because the wall thicknesses of the webs are not too small and essentially constant.
  • a modification of the original masonry brick into a simple masonry brick is therefore only possible because, according to the invention, the wall thicknesses of the webs are approximately constant and are in the order of the widths of the cavities.
  • the predetermined breaking points are arranged in such a way that the first cuboid partial brick has a length and a width which are equal to half the length and half the width of the original brick.
  • the brick according to the invention is used to erect simple, smooth masonry.
  • the partial masonry bricks according to the invention are used, together with the masonry bricks according to the invention, for the production of more complicated masonry with corners, stop surfaces, lintels and heels.
  • the base of the trapezoid is understood to mean the longer of its parallel sides, the top of the shorter side of its parallel sides and its height the distance of its parallel sides.
  • the brick shown in Fig. 1 is delimited by four vertical edge webs. It has two vertical end faces A, B, which are intended to form the inner and outer surfaces of a masonry, and two butt faces C, D, which are intended to form butt joints with neighboring other masonry bricks arranged at the same height in the masonry, and - running parallel to the plane of the drawing -, a horizontal floor surface and a horizontal top surface, to form mortar joints with bricks arranged underneath or on top of them.
  • the brick has a number of prismatic cavities 1, 1A, 1C that penetrate it vertically.
  • Each cavity 1 but not the cavities 1A, 1C adjoining the end faces and abutting surfaces A - D , has an elongated cross section, which is composed of two trapezoids, the top sides of which coincide.
  • the base sides of the trapezoids which are oriented parallel to the cover sides, adjoin webs which separate the cavities 1 from one another.
  • the cavities 1, 1A, 1C form rows which run parallel to the end faces A, B of the brick. Adjacent rows are offset from one another by the height of a trapezoid, ie by half the length of the cavities 1 .
  • the cavities 1A adjoining the end faces A, B and the cavities 1C adjoining the abutment surfaces C, D are designed differently than the cavities 1 described so far.
  • the cavities 1A are delimited in a straight line by edge webs forming the end faces A, B.
  • every second one does not consist of two but only one trapezoid, the top side of which adjoins the edge webs forming the abutting surfaces C, D.
  • the wall thickness of the webs separating the cavities 1, 1A, 1B is equal to the average width of the prismatic cavities 1 and somewhat less than the wall thickness of the four edge webs.
  • the edge web forming the abutting surface D has groove-shaped indentations 6 which protrude into the masonry brick and penetrate it vertically.
  • Grooves 4 are provided on the end faces A, B and on part of the abutting surface C , which serve for better adhesion of the plaster to be applied later.
  • the first partial brick that is created during the separation contains a corner area of the original brick and has a cuboid shape; the second partial brick that is created contains three corner areas of the original brick, has an L-shape and is essentially three times the size of the first partial brick.
  • the partial brick is suitable for the production of corners, stop surfaces and lintels.
  • the otherwise determined density of the porous clay shard is 1.578 kilograms per cubic decimeter.
  • the proportion of voids is calculated to be 47.97% of the total volume.
  • the compressive strength of the brick between the floor and top surface in the vertical direction was determined to be 20 Newtons per square millimeter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Brique parallélépipédique en terre cuite,
    comprenant deux surfaces frontales verticales mutuellement opposées (A, B) qui sont destinées à former les surfaces extérieures d'un mur, deux surfaces de joint verticales opposées (C, D) qui sont destinées à la formation d'assemblages de joint avec des briques voisines, ainsi que deux surfaces horizontales opposées, qui forment la surface de base et la surface supérieure et sont destinées à former des joints d'assise,
    la brique étant traversée dans la direction verticale par une pluralité d'alvéoles prismatiques (1, 1A, 1C), traversants, séparés par des voiles, chaque alvéole (1) qui n'est pas adjacent à une surface frontale (A, B) ou à une surface de joint (C, D) possède en coupe horizontale la forme de deux trapèzes qui sont adjacents entre eux par leurs petites bases, et lesquels alvéoles (1) sont disposés en rangées parallèles aux surfaces frontales par leurs grandes bases mutuellement adjacentes qui sont séparées par des voiles,
    et les rangées adjacentes étant décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre d'une distance égale à la hauteur des trapèzes tandis que les alvéoles (1A) adjacents aux surfaces frontales (A, B) sont limités en ligne droite sur les côtés dirigés vers les surfaces frontales (A, B) et, parmi les alvéoles (1C) adjacents aux surfaces de joint (C, D), une sur deux possède une section correspondant à un trapèze,
    caractérisée
    - en ce que les alvéoles se présentent, dans la section transversale qui affleure sur la surface de base et sur la surface supérieure, sous la forme de fentes allongées d'une largeur qui diminue de moitié des deux extrémités vers le milieu,
    - en ce que les voiles (1, 1A, 1C) qui séparent les alvéoles ont une épaisseur de paroi sensiblement constante, qui correspond à la plus petite largeur de l'alvéole (1), de sorte que le volume total des alvéoles (1, 1A, 1C) représente 40 à 50 % du volume de la brique et
    - en ce que, d'autre part, la brique est équipée d'amorces de rupture préformées, dans deux plans (E, F) qui se coupent suivant l'axe médian vertical de la brique, et sont perpendiculaires, l'un à une face frontale l'autre à une face latérale - en divisant cette face en deux parties égales - et qui ont pour effet que, par un coup de marteau, on peut séparer un quart de la brique le long de ces deux plans verticaux, de sorte qu'on obtient deux éléments partiels de tailles inégales, qui peuvent être utilisés séparément.
  2. Brique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que certains des alvéoles (1C) qui sont adjacents à l'une des surfaces de joint (D), par les petites bases des trapèzes contiennent un remplissage de terre cuite, à l'exception d'un canal (3) au moins approximativement carré.
  3. Brique selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que, dans le prolongement de chaque rangée qui contient un canal (3), des renfoncements (6) en forme de rainure, prennent naissance dans la surface de joint (D) en traversant verticalement la brique, et s'enfoncent dans les remplissages dont la largeur correspond à la petite base des trapèzes.
  4. Brique selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que, sur au moins une des surfaces de joint (C), est prévue une poche à mortier centrale (2) qui traverse verticalement la brique.
  5. Brique selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la brique peut être divisée, le long des plans verticaux (E, F) en une première brique partielle qui comporte la région d'arête précitée et possède une forme parallélépipédique, et une deuxième brique partielle en forme de L, et qui comporte les autres régions d'arête.
  6. Brique selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les voiles sont épaissis le long des surfaces extérieures (A, B, C, D) et le long des plans de division (E, F).
  7. Brique selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que des sillons (4) sont formés dans les surfaces frontales (A, B) et dans une partie de la surface de joint (C).
  8. Brique selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle a été réalisée par cuisson d'un mélange d'argile avec addition de sciure de bois pour la production de pores fins.
  9. Utilisation de la brique selon une des revendications 1 à 8 pour la construction d'un ouvrage de maçonnerie isolant de la chaleur à une seule couche.
  10. Utilisation de la brique selon une des revendications 1 à 8 pour la production de régions d'angles et d'extrémités d'un ouvrage de maçonnerie isolant de la chaleur à une seule couche.
EP92810543A 1991-08-02 1992-07-17 Bloc de construction à isolation thermique améliorée Expired - Lifetime EP0528753B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2302/91A CH683856A5 (de) 1991-08-02 1991-08-02 Quaderförmiger Mauerziegel mit verbesserter Wärmedämmung.
CH2302/91 1991-08-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0528753A1 EP0528753A1 (fr) 1993-02-24
EP0528753B1 true EP0528753B1 (fr) 1997-09-03

Family

ID=4230620

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92810543A Expired - Lifetime EP0528753B1 (fr) 1991-08-02 1992-07-17 Bloc de construction à isolation thermique améliorée

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0528753B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE157727T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH683856A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59208847D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29518337U1 (de) * 1995-11-18 1996-04-04 Winkler-Poroton-Ziegel GmbH, 79341 Kenzingen Mauerstein in Rechteckform, insbesondere aus Beton, Keramik, Ton, Lehm o.dgl. Werkstoff
EP0909857B1 (fr) * 1997-10-16 2001-01-03 Ziegelwerk Bellenberg Wiest GmbH & Co. KG Brique perforée légère
PL217077B1 (pl) * 2008-02-04 2014-06-30 Trzaskoma Małgorzata Element budowlany
AT11089U3 (de) * 2009-11-17 2010-11-15 Ekkehart Dipl Ing Pichler Mauerwerkstein
PL232986B1 (pl) * 2015-11-30 2019-08-30 Dolinski Szymon Element budowlany
BE1027418B1 (nl) * 2019-07-09 2021-02-09 Dumoulin Bricks Bvpa Bouwstenen voor het opbouwen van een muurelement

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE911539C (de) * 1951-01-06 1954-05-17 Josef Fischer Gebrannter grossformatiger Viellochstein
DE1898105U (de) * 1964-04-30 1964-08-06 Walter Seeberger Hohlstein.
DE2239969A1 (de) * 1972-08-14 1974-02-28 Rudolf Dr Donhauser Hohlblockstein
AT329830B (de) * 1974-07-19 1976-05-25 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag Hohlraumstein
AT339018B (de) * 1975-09-09 1977-09-26 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag Stranggepresster hohlziegel
AT348213B (de) * 1977-01-26 1979-02-12 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag Hohlformstein
DE2714840A1 (de) * 1977-04-02 1978-10-05 Haessler Andreas Waermedaemmender lochziegel
DE2904129A1 (de) * 1979-02-03 1980-08-07 Alexander Walser Mauerstein, ausgefuehrt als geschlitzter hochwaermedaemmender blockstein

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59208847D1 (de) 1997-10-09
EP0528753A1 (fr) 1993-02-24
CH683856A5 (de) 1994-05-31
ATE157727T1 (de) 1997-09-15

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