EP0512956A1 - Numerisch gesteuerte Schleifmaschine - Google Patents

Numerisch gesteuerte Schleifmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0512956A1
EP0512956A1 EP92810322A EP92810322A EP0512956A1 EP 0512956 A1 EP0512956 A1 EP 0512956A1 EP 92810322 A EP92810322 A EP 92810322A EP 92810322 A EP92810322 A EP 92810322A EP 0512956 A1 EP0512956 A1 EP 0512956A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dressing
tool
grinding
probe
turret
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92810322A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0512956B1 (de
Inventor
Maurice Guenin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voumard Machines Co SA
Original Assignee
Voumard Machines Co SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voumard Machines Co SA filed Critical Voumard Machines Co SA
Publication of EP0512956A1 publication Critical patent/EP0512956A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0512956B1 publication Critical patent/EP0512956B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/18—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the presence of dressing tools
    • B24B49/186—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the presence of dressing tools taking regard of the wear of the dressing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/18—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the presence of dressing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/005—Positioning devices for conditioning tools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5152—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling with turret mechanism
    • Y10T29/5154—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling with turret mechanism tool turret
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5152—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling with turret mechanism
    • Y10T29/5154—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling with turret mechanism tool turret
    • Y10T29/5155—Rotary tool holder

Definitions

  • the tool turret is often equipped at the present time with two, three or even four grinding tools which can intervene successively during each sequence of grinding operations carried out on a workpiece.
  • the workpiece table can be provided with a digital axis of rotation allowing the rectification of internal or external conical surfaces, of generally circular shapes. It must therefore be able to be oriented at will in a precise manner.
  • the machine is often equipped with several dressing tools, for example several diamond holders of different shapes and a rotary wheel. Each of these different tools is brought into the working position during each dressing operation carried out on one or other of the grinding wheels mounted on the tool-holder turret.
  • the specification EP-0 281 835 describes a dressing turret in which several dressing tools are mounted radially on a head, itself capable of pivoting about its axis on the turret.
  • the turret is integral with a tilting arm, the working position of which can be controlled by means of a probe cooperating with a reference surface.
  • the content of this booklet does not, however, indicate any means for carrying out a fully automatic dressing operation.
  • the document DE-3 524 690 relates to the measurement of the characteristics of a disc-shaped grinding wheel and in particular to the use of piezoelectric type probes for this measurement.
  • GB-2 002 545 relates more particularly to the conduct of grinding operations on internal cylindrical surfaces.
  • the parts are fixed in the clamp of a rotating spindle and the table on which the spindle is mounted carries a dressing tool so that displacements of this table perpendicular to the axis of the grinding wheel allow to draw that -this.
  • the operation is carried out according to data supplied by a measuring instrument, without any automation of the dressing operation being envisaged.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a machine by means of which it is possible to carry out a dressing operation fully automatically so that the difficulties indicated above are eliminated.
  • the present invention relates to a method of starting a grinding machine equipped with a workpiece table, a tool holder carrying at least one grinding tool, a dressing turret on which are mounted one or more dressing tools having a dressing edge, and a numerical control comprising a memory, for grinding operations on several different surfaces in the same room, characterized by the following stages: a probe having at least two detector faces is placed in a predetermined position on the tool holder, a measurement step is carried out in which the sensing faces of the probe are brought into predetermined relative positions with respect to one or more dressing edges of the dressing tool (s) and the positions of the corresponding tool holder are recorded in the memory at each of said predetermined relative positions, and after the measurement step, the position records stored are used to customize a program for an automatic dressing operation.
  • a second probe is also used located in a predetermined position relative to a machine reference and by means of this second probe, measurements are taken of the positions of the surfaces of the grinding tools, so that you can determine the initial dimensions of the tools and program the automatic dressing operation accordingly.
  • the object of the invention consists of a grinding machine comprising on a base a workpiece table, a dressing turret and a tool turret, respectively equipped with a drive spindle for a workpiece.
  • the grinding machine shown in fig. 1 comprises the following main equipment: a base 1, a workpiece table 2, a grinding tool holder turret 3 and a dressing turret 4.
  • the table 2 carries a workpiece spindle 5 driven in rotation around a horizontal axis. To this spindle is fixed a workpiece 6.
  • a motor 7 provides the drive of spindle 5 in rotation.
  • the workpiece table 2 is movable on the base 1, on the one hand around a vertical axis of rotation (axis B) and, on the other hand, by the fact that it is mounted on a movable table 8 moving on an axis parallel to the X axis. Table 8 could also be fixed.
  • the turret 3 comprises four grinding tools 9, 10, 11 and 12 which are fixed to a table 13 carried by a sliding system.
  • This comprises, according to fig. 1, a transverse slide 14 movable along the X axis and a longitudinal slide 15 movable along the Z axis on a slide 16.
  • the slide system could only comprise the Z axis (slide 15 movable on slide 16) .
  • the dressing unit 4 comprises a support 17 on which one or more rotating or fixed dressing tools can be fixed.
  • the machine shown in FIG. 1 comprises various elements, part of which is not shown.
  • This machine is a numerically controlled machine, so that a computer equipped with a memory and a data input device is associated with the machine.
  • a probe 18 with a head which carries two detectors each having a planar detector face. These are oriented along the X and Z axes, respectively.
  • the probe 18 is therefore capable of emitting signals at the moment when one or other of its detecting faces abuts on an obstacle or is at a predetermined minimum distance from the part to be detected.
  • the signals cause the position of the table 13 to be memorized when they are transmitted. They make it possible to order said table.
  • the movements of the probe are controlled by the movements of the table 13, that is to say by maneuvers of the slides 15 and 14 supporting this table.
  • the positions of the table 13 are identified, in the computer, with respect to a machine reference which can be constituted by a reference solid fixed materially at a predetermined location on the base 1 or which can also be simply incorporated in the memory of the machine.
  • the probe 18, which can be seen in FIG. 1 the support in the form of a fixed arm, can therefore be moved throughout the space swept by the movements of tables 14 and 15. It can in particular take position measurements of two reference faces of a solid 19 which has the in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and which is fixed to the support of the dressing unit 17. As can be seen in FIG.
  • the vertical faces of the reference solid 19 are oriented along the axes X and Z.
  • the probe head 18 includes two position detectors whose vertical plane surfaces are oriented in the X and Z directions, these two plane faces being fixed one with respect to the other, it is possible, by a displacement of the base 13 in the direction Z, to bring the face Z of the probe against the corresponding face of the solid 19 and to measure the exact position of the dressing unit along the Z axis.
  • the position of the dressing unit can also be measured along the X axis.
  • a start-up program can therefore comprise instructions which move the table 13 as indicated above, and which, moreover, bring the faces X and Z of the sensors of the probe 18 into contact with selected edges on the various diamonds.
  • the position values thus determined and stored are then used to determine the exact positions of the diamonds relative to the machine reference.
  • the positions of table 13 are constantly referenced with respect to the reference of machine and, on the other hand, it is possible to impose on the grinding wheels set values for their diameter and the position of their front face, sufficient elements to program an automatic dressing operation are combined. These elements are introduced into the program, after which the table 13 is moved so that each of the grinding wheels 9a, 10a, 11a and 12a successively come into contact with a diamond placed in the working position.
  • the machining diameter of each grinding wheel as well as in any case the position of one of the flat faces of the grinding wheels can be entered as a target value in the program, the different dressing operations taking place until the values have been reached.
  • the dressing operation can be carried out in several successive phases until each of the grindstones has reached the shape and dimensions of the set point.
  • the axes are positioned taking into account the maximum diameter of the grinding wheels and these are moved until contact with the diamonds.
  • the probe 18 can also be used to measure and store the position of one or more surfaces of the part 6. This data then makes it possible to control the approach and the implementation of the tools during the machining of the first piece in the series. The machining of this first part can therefore be accelerated. Tool controls can be carried out at accelerated speed up to a short distance from the surfaces which must come into contact with the tools or with the probe, the rest of the movement taking place at slow speed.
  • Storing the position of the part attached to pin 5 can be of yet another benefit. It makes it possible to know in a way absolute the displacements that must be printed on table 13 for machining a surface if this surface is machined while the workpiece table 2 is placed in an oblique position relative to the Z axis. taking measurements, by means of the probe 18, of one or more surfaces of the part 6, makes it possible to locate the position of these surfaces relative to the center of rotation of the table 2, and consequently to calculate the corresponding position of these surfaces after the table has rotated.
  • the memorization of the positions of the essential edges of the diamonds, relative to the reference solid 19 thanks to the probe 18, presents not only the utility of allowing fully automatic dressing operations. It also allows a repetition, along the way, of the measurement taking operation on the dressing tools. Thus, possible wear of the diamonds can be detected and this can be taken into account in the intermediate dressing operations of the grinding wheels which must be carried out during the machining of a series of identical parts. Possible dimensional deviations due to diamond wear are avoided, and series of a large number of identical parts can be machined with precision, and this fully automatically.
  • the sensors of the probe 18 are elements known per se.
  • the flat surface of the detector may be one side of a patch secured to an electrical contact and supported by a spring opposite another contact which is fixed, all so that the closing of the switch takes place as soon as this patch touches a foreign body, which causes the sending of a signal in the detection circuit.
  • any other detector construction can be used, including those without contact allowing to approach rotating dressing tools.
  • the probe 18 will include at least two detectors, in some cases even three, two of which are oriented along the Z axis in opposite directions and the third along the X axis.
  • the probe 18 will be mounted in an eclipsable manner on the table 13, the arm of the support 18 being telescopic or pivoting, so as to free, during machining, the space that it occupies during start-up and allow these machining operations to take place freely.
  • the reference solid 19 could also be introduced into the rotary assembly of the diamond holders.
  • this reference solid would be integral with the diamond holders, but could be brought into an active position by rotation of the crew, each other rotational movement bringing an dressing tool into the active position.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 represent a different grinding machine from that of FIG. 1 and in which the means allowing the implementation of the start-up process described are partly designed differently.
  • the elements of the grinding machine which are of the same nature and play the same role as corresponding elements of the grinding machine of FIG. 1, are designated by the same reference signs.
  • the workpiece table also has a spindle 5 carrying a workpiece 6. It is movable in rotation around 'a vertical axis 8.
  • the tool-holder turret 3 is supported by a table 13. It can also move along the Z axis and along the X axis. It is equipped with four grinding devices 9, 10, 11, 12 each carrying a grinding wheel having a particular shape and dimensions. The axes of rotation of the grinding wheels are oriented either along the Z axis or along the X axis. They can be orientable on the X, Z plane.
  • the probe 18, the head of which comprises three position detectors, the surfaces of which are oriented for one perpendicular to the X axis and for the other two perpendicular to the Z axis, one in one direction, the other in the other.
  • the dressage turret has a special arrangement here. It has a base 20 which is mounted on a longitudinal support 21. We consider here a dressing turret according to FIG. 2, which is shown with three arms. It could however have a larger number of arms.
  • the base 20 supports a rotary body of horizontal axis 22, oriented parallel to the axis Z.
  • the three arms of the body 22 are designated by 23, 24 and 25, the arm 23 being, in the position of FIG. 3, oriented horizontally at the axis of the spindle 5 and the grinding tools 9 and 12.
  • the arm 24 When the arm 23 is in this position, the arm 24 is oriented vertically upwards and the arm 25 vertically downwards .
  • the dressing device therefore comprises a rest position when the body 22 is oriented so that the arm 23 is directed towards the rear of the machine. The space between the body 22 and the main axis of the machine is then completely freed.
  • the arm 23 constitutes a second feeler.
  • three detectors for example detectors formed from spring contact pads controlled when the flat outer surface of a pad touches the object to be measured.
  • the flat surfaces of these pellets are oriented for two detectors along the Z axis, one in one direction, the other in the other, and for the third along the X axis as seen in the plan view of fig. 2.
  • the arm 24 carries a diamond, while the arm 25 carries a diamond wheel driven in rotation by a motor housed in the arm 25.
  • there is no reference solid similar to the solid 19 of the first form execution but the function of this solid will be fulfilled by the surfaces of the detectors of the arm 23, as will be seen below. Note, however, that in a variant, a reference solid similar to that of 19 could also be fixed against the support 20 or on another arm.
  • this probe is intended to make it possible to store data relating to the grinding wheels 9a, 10a, 11a and 12a, in particular their effective dimensions before the dressing operation, so as to allow this drive to be carried out with precision surgery.
  • the start-up process begins as described with reference to FIG. 1, by taking measurements of the positions of the determining edges of the dressing tools.
  • the table 13 is therefore moved so that the sensing surfaces of the probe 18 come into contact with the reference solid and with each of the tools carried by the turret 20.
  • the detectors fitted to the probe 23 will be elements whose actuating force will be a multiple of the force necessary to actuate the probe 18. These detectors can therefore play the role of the reference solid for the probe 18.
  • the program includes a step of measuring the actual dimensions of the grinding wheels.
  • the table 13 is moved along the axes X and Z, so that certain characteristic surfaces of the tools 9a, 10a, 11a and 12a come into contact with the detection surfaces of the probe 23.
  • These characteristic surfaces will be the cylindrical surface and for example the front face for a cylindrical wheel.
  • the identification of the surfaces will be carried out on the front face and on the largest diameter.
  • the data obtained will be stored in relative values, i.e. in the form of position dimensions relative to the reference machine. For this, the data obtained by the probe 18 will be used beforehand, on the positions of the detection surfaces of the probe 23.
  • the positioning of a grinding wheel on the feeler is determined according to the shape of the wheel. It is the highest point of the profile which is used for probing the diameter of the grinding tool and the most forward point for the front probing.
  • the programming requires entering other values into the computer.
  • the means described here allow without great difficulty to carry out all the operations automatically without exaggerated complication. It is possible to measure the dimensions between the various diamonds mounted on the dressing device with very high precision.
  • one or the other of the tools mounted on the base 13 is a grinding tool, such as a diamond wheel, the characteristics of which do not allow, and do not require, dressing
  • the measurements taken by the second probe 23 will only be used to determine the effective position of this tool.
  • this tool is not brought into contact with the diamonds.
  • the position data recorded can be used to conduct the grinding operation on the workpiece.
  • the automatic start-up process can be implemented under very varied conditions. It can be implemented not only on grinding machines whose tool-holder turret is movable along X and Z with respect to the workpiece carrier and the dressing turret, but also in the case of grinding machines in which the tool-holder turret is movable only in one direction, for example the Z axis, and it is the workpiece table and the dressing turret which can be moved in the X direction.
EP92810322A 1991-05-07 1992-05-04 Numerisch gesteuerte Schleifmaschine Expired - Lifetime EP0512956B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1377/91 1991-05-07
CH137791 1991-05-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0512956A1 true EP0512956A1 (de) 1992-11-11
EP0512956B1 EP0512956B1 (de) 1994-09-07

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EP92810322A Expired - Lifetime EP0512956B1 (de) 1991-05-07 1992-05-04 Numerisch gesteuerte Schleifmaschine

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US (1) US5323572A (de)
EP (1) EP0512956B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0732984B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69200382T2 (de)

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EP0589826A1 (de) * 1992-08-27 1994-03-30 L. KELLENBERGER & CO. AG Schleifmaschine
EP0596179A1 (de) * 1992-12-23 1994-05-11 Voumard Machines Co. S.A. Von einem Einzelmotor angetriebene Vorrichtung für einen Diamanthalter mit Winkel- und Longitudinalbewegung
EP0640438A1 (de) * 1993-08-30 1995-03-01 Rikagaku Kenkyusho Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schleifen mit elektrolytischem Abrichten
EP0641626A1 (de) * 1993-09-06 1995-03-08 Voumard Machines Co. S.A. Werkverfahren und Vorrichtung, insbesondere Schleifmaschine mit Abgleichschwingbewegung
WO1996019317A1 (de) * 1994-12-21 1996-06-27 Komet Präzisionswerkzeuge Robert Breuning Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur endbearbeitung gehärteter werkstücke
DE19810517A1 (de) * 1998-03-11 1999-09-16 Kreidler Gmbh Drehmaschine und ihre Verwendung als Schleifmaschine

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ES1047006Y (es) * 2000-08-02 2001-08-01 Danobat Maquina rectificadora de superficies planas con un segundo cabezal portamuela para el rectificado de brochas.
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US7104169B2 (en) * 2002-10-17 2006-09-12 Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha Machine tool and bed structure thereof
US7052379B2 (en) * 2002-12-27 2006-05-30 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for machining a coupling
JP4013252B2 (ja) * 2003-03-27 2007-11-28 株式会社ジェイテクト ヘール加工方法及び加工装置
US7226340B2 (en) * 2004-03-05 2007-06-05 Alfred H. Schutte Gmbh & Co. Kg Grinding machine
JP4220944B2 (ja) * 2004-07-15 2009-02-04 三菱重工業株式会社 歯車研削盤
JP4202306B2 (ja) * 2004-07-29 2008-12-24 三菱重工業株式会社 歯車研削盤
US20080051013A1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2008-02-28 Burgess Greg M Methods and apparatus for machining a coupling
US7797074B2 (en) * 2007-03-01 2010-09-14 Mori Seiki Usa, Inc. Machine including grinding wheel and wheel dresser
US20090112355A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2009-04-30 Mori Seiki Usa, Inc. Device and Method for Dressing Cutting Tools
JP5573459B2 (ja) * 2010-07-27 2014-08-20 株式会社ジェイテクト 研削方法および研削盤
DE102013210582A1 (de) * 2012-10-12 2014-04-17 Wobben Properties Gmbh Verfahren zur automatisierten Flächenbearbeitung eines profilierten Grossbauteils, einer Windenergieanlage, Bearbeitungsvorrichtung und Bearbeitungssystem
KR101471166B1 (ko) * 2013-02-21 2014-12-11 한국기계연구원 터닝 기반의 융복합 가공장치
US10556318B2 (en) * 2016-08-25 2020-02-11 Okamoto Machine Tool Works, Ltd. Automatic grinding apparatus
JP7258563B2 (ja) * 2019-01-16 2023-04-17 株式会社岡本工作機械製作所 自動研削装置

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DE69200382D1 (de) 1994-10-13
JPH0732984B2 (ja) 1995-04-12
JPH05162070A (ja) 1993-06-29
DE69200382T2 (de) 1995-03-23
EP0512956B1 (de) 1994-09-07
US5323572A (en) 1994-06-28

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