EP0510308A1 - Dämpfungsvorrichtung für Skier - Google Patents

Dämpfungsvorrichtung für Skier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0510308A1
EP0510308A1 EP92101946A EP92101946A EP0510308A1 EP 0510308 A1 EP0510308 A1 EP 0510308A1 EP 92101946 A EP92101946 A EP 92101946A EP 92101946 A EP92101946 A EP 92101946A EP 0510308 A1 EP0510308 A1 EP 0510308A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski
blade
flexion
flexible
connection means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92101946A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0510308B1 (de
Inventor
Axel Phelipon
Jacques Le Masson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salomon SAS
Original Assignee
Salomon SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Salomon SAS filed Critical Salomon SAS
Publication of EP0510308A1 publication Critical patent/EP0510308A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0510308B1 publication Critical patent/EP0510308B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
    • A63C5/075—Vibration dampers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ski, such as an alpine ski, a cross-country ski, a monoski or a snowboard. It relates more particularly to an improvement to this type of skis.
  • ski consist of an elongated beam, the front end of which is curved upwards to form a spatula, the rear end also being more slightly to form the heel.
  • the structure generally comprises peripheral protective elements, internal resistance elements to resist the flexural and torsional stresses, and a core. These elements are assembled by gluing or by injection, the assembly generally being carried out hot in a mold having the final shape of the ski, with a front part strongly raised in a tip, a rear part slightly raised in the heel, a central arched part. .
  • the present invention seeks to remedy the various drawbacks mentioned above and proposes a particularly simple, effective and reliable solution to the problems of damping vibrations.
  • the device intended to dampen the vibrations of a ski is characterized in that it is constituted by at least one flexion blade connected to the ski by a rigid connection means and at least one connection means flexible, said means being spaced longitudinally from one another on said blade.
  • the bending blade comprises at one of its ends a flexible connection means. And at the other of its ends a rigid connection means.
  • the bending blade is an aluminum or composite material blade.
  • the invention also relates to a ski equipped with the device according to the invention According to particular provisions, the flexion blade is fixed to the upper surface of the ski or in its structure.
  • Figures 1 to 5 show a first embodiment.
  • Figure 1 is a side view.
  • Figure 2 is a top view.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along T1.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along T2.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded partial perspective view.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show two variants in top view.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view along T3 of the variant of FIG. 7.
  • Figures 9, 9a, 10, 10a show in side view, how the device works.
  • Figure 9 shows the ski in the rest position, not bent.
  • Figure 9a shows a detail of Figure 9 on a larger scale.
  • Figure 10 shows the ski in the bent position.
  • Figure 10a shows a detail of Figure 10 on a larger scale.
  • Figures 11 and 12, 13 and 14, 15 and 16, 17 and 18, 19 and 20, 21 and 22 are views similar to Figures 1 and 2 showing other alternative embodiments.
  • FIG. 19a is a cross section along T3 of FIGS. 19 and 20.
  • Figures 23 and 24 are partial views on a larger scale showing in side view (Figure 23) and in top view ( Figure 24) an improvement.
  • Figure 25 also shows in side view, another detail concerning a variant.
  • Figures 26 and 27 show in top view ( Figure 27) and in longitudinal section along T4 ( Figure 26) another embodiment.
  • Figure 28 is a side view showing another alternative embodiment.
  • Figure 29 is another side view showing a variant.
  • the ski (1) comprising the device consists of an elongated beam having its own distribution of thickness, of width and therefore its own stiffness. It comprises a central part (2) also called a mounting area for the bindings (3, 4) intended to retain the boot on the ski, the front binding (3) being commonly called a stop, while the rear binding (4) is called generally heel.
  • the front end (5) of the ski (1) is raised to form the tip (6), while the rear end (7) is also raised to form the heel (8) of the ski.
  • the beam further comprises a lower sliding surface (9) and an upper surface (10). Note that the contact of the lower surface (9) with the snow takes place between the front contact point (11) and the rear contact point (12) corresponding to the places where said lower surface begins to rise.
  • the damping device according to the invention consists of a bending blade (13, 13a, 13b) disposed on the upper surface (10) of the ski outside of its structure itself.
  • the blade is connected to the ski by rigid connection means (15, 150) and at least means for flexible connection (17, 18, 180) spaced longitudinally of said rigid connection means (15, 150).
  • FIGS. 1 to 10 show a first variant according to which the damping device is such that it is the rear end (130) of the flexion blade (13) which is fixed to the ski in the central zone (2), and extends forward (AV).
  • the bending blade (13) is for example constituted by an aluminum strip of thickness "e 1" between 1 and 5 millimeters, of width "l 1" between 10 and 60 millimeters and of length between 100 and 1200 millimeters ..
  • Its rear end (130) is rigidly fixed to the ski at the stop (3) by rigid connection means.
  • the rear end (130) of the aluminum strip is for example placed under the base plate (14) of the fixing (3) and retained with it by the screws (15).
  • the end (130) of the strip ends in an enlarged part (130 ') comprising holes (16) allowing the passage of the fixing screws (15).
  • the front end (131) of the flexion blade (13) is linked to the upper surface of the ski by damping means (17) constituting the flexible connection means.
  • an interface (18) produced by a layer of a flexible material of the elastic type and in particular of the viscoelastic type. This layer of thickness "e 2" between 0.5 and 4 millimeters is glued or welded on the one hand under the lower surface (132) of the blade and on the other hand on the upper surface (10) of said ski ( 1).
  • the material used can be elastic with a density of 10 to 85 shores A or a viscoelastic material with a modulus of elasticity of 15 to 160 megapascals, a hardness of 50 to 95 shores A and a damping value of 0.13 to 0.72.
  • the interface (18) is fixed to the blade (13) and to the upper surface of the ski either by a thermosetting resin of the poylester, vinylester or polyurethane epoxy type, or by a thermoplastic film or any other means.
  • the blade is fixed in front the stop, while in Figure 7, it is fixed behind.
  • the blade (13) passes freely under the base plate (14) of said stop (see Figure 8).
  • the lower surface of the base plate includes a hollow profile (140) whose dimensions are greater than the dimensions of the blade (13) to allow passage and free movement.
  • the blade is then fixed directly to the ski by screws (150) in the area between the front binding (3) and the rear binding (4).
  • Figures 9, 9a, 10, 10a schematically show the operation of depreciation.
  • Figure 9 shows the ski in the rest state and Figure 10, during bending.
  • the point "a" of the front end (131) of the flexion blade corresponds to a point "b" of the upper surface (10) of the ski.
  • d relative longitudinal displacement
  • the damping device can be arranged at the rear of the ski, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • the flexion blade (13) is fixed to the ski rigidly by its end. front (131) and extends rearward.
  • the rear end (130) of the blade being linked to the ski by damping means (17) constituted as before by an interface (18) made of flexible material.
  • the ski can comprise both a front bending blade (13a) and a rear bending blade (13b), as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.
  • Figures 15 and 16 show another embodiment according to which the flexion blade (13) is fixed to the front of the ski by its front end (131) by means of screws (150).
  • the blade (13) then extending rearward and its rear end (130) is linked to the ski and more precisely at its upper surface (10) by damping means (17) which are identical to those described above, that is to say by a bonded interface (18) made of flexible material.
  • FIGs 17 and 18 show another variant in which the blade (13) is fixed to the rear of the ski by screws (150) and extends forward to be connected to the ski by an interface (18) in an area behind the heel.
  • the bending blades can be more or less long.
  • the blade (13) of Figure 19 is freely engaged under the stop (3) to extend beyond the latter, to be linked elastically to the ski.
  • the base plate (14) comprises a hollow profile (140) whose dimensions allow the passage and the free movement of the bending blade (13).
  • Figures 21 to 24 show a variant in which there is a multiplication of longitudinal effects due to the flexing of the ski.
  • the ski comprises two flexion blades (13a, 13b): a first front flexion blade (13a) and a second rear flexion blade (13b).
  • the front flexion blade (13a) is fixed to the ski in front of the stop (3) by its front end (131a) by means of screws (150) and extends backwards passing freely under said stop (3).
  • the rear flexion blade (13b) is fixed to the ski behind the heel piece (4) by its rear end (130b) to extend forwards passing freely under said heel piece (4) as far as the central zone (2) between the two fixings (3, 4). It is noted that there is overlap of the two ends.
  • the rear end (130a) of the first blade (13a) being engaged under the front end (131b) of the second blade (13b).
  • the covering is done over a length "l3".
  • the damping means consist of an interface (18) constituted by a layer of flexible or viscoelastic material, as above, but disposed not on the ski, but between the two blades in their overlap zone.
  • the rear ends (130a) of the first blade (13a) and front (131b) of the second blade (13b) are not at all linked to the ski.
  • a vertical retainer such as a screw (19) housed in an oblong hole (190) produced in the stack of the two ends (130a and 131b) and of the damping layer, as shown in FIGS. 23 and 24.
  • the vertical restraint could also be achieved by an inverted U-shaped bracket or any other means.
  • FIG. 25 Another variant is shown in FIG. 25 where a second damping layer (180) is bonded under the rear end (130a) of the first blade (13a) and to the upper surface of the ski (10).
  • the damping device is arranged outside the structure proper of the ski. However, it would of course not go beyond the scope of the invention if it were arranged in the very structure of the ski, as shown schematically in FIGS. 26 and 27.
  • the skis most often consist of a core (101) covered by one or more layers of upper reinforcement (102), or even lower (103).
  • the top of the ski is generally covered by a layer of decorations (104), while the bottom comprises a sliding layer of polyethylene (105).
  • the bending blade in the example shown, is fixed under the upper reinforcement (102) and takes place in a housing (106) produced in the core. It goes without saying that it would not go beyond the scope of the invention whatever the place of the damping device. Indeed, the bending blade could be between the core (101) and the lower reinforcement (103) or even between the upper reinforcement (102) and the surface layer (104).
  • the bending blade shown and described above has a constant cross section, but it could be otherwise.
  • the section of the blade, in a cross section can be variable. Indeed, the width can vary, as well as the thickness.
  • FIG. 28 represents another variant in side view according to which the damping device consists of a blade (13c) fixed in its central part (132) and whose front (131) and rear (130) ends are elastically connected to the ski (1).
  • FIG. 29 shows a variant according to which the blades (13c) and (13b) linked elastically together in the central zone (2) of the ski are fixed by their ends by the corresponding ski bindings (3 and 4).

Landscapes

  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
EP92101946A 1991-04-22 1992-02-06 Dämpfungsvorrichtung für Skier Expired - Lifetime EP0510308B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9105421 1991-04-22
FR9105421A FR2675392B1 (fr) 1991-04-22 1991-04-22 Dispositif d'amortissement pour ski.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0510308A1 true EP0510308A1 (de) 1992-10-28
EP0510308B1 EP0510308B1 (de) 1994-10-05

Family

ID=9412470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92101946A Expired - Lifetime EP0510308B1 (de) 1991-04-22 1992-02-06 Dämpfungsvorrichtung für Skier

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6270108B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0510308B1 (de)
JP (2) JPH0698962A (de)
AT (1) ATE112499T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69200489T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2675392B1 (de)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0580935A1 (de) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-02 Salomon S.A. Verbesserung an einer Amortisationseinrichtung für Skis
EP0609543A1 (de) * 1993-02-05 1994-08-10 Salomon S.A. Verbesserung eines Skivorrichtung mit ein Ski ausgestattet mit solchen Vorrichtung
EP0639392A1 (de) * 1993-08-20 1995-02-22 Salomon S.A. Ski mit elastischen Einrichtungen zum Verhindern und/oder Dämpfen von Biegebeanspruchungen
FR2709072A1 (fr) * 1993-08-20 1995-02-24 Salomon Sa Ski perfectionné muni de transmetteurs élastiques de longueur variable de part et d'autre de la zone de fixation.
WO1995007737A1 (en) * 1993-09-13 1995-03-23 Marco Maggiolo Device for improving the efficiency and controllability of skis
US5435588A (en) * 1992-04-01 1995-07-25 Salomon S.A. Ski including a base and two-part stiffener connected to the base
EP0665035A1 (de) * 1994-01-13 1995-08-02 Manfred Geith Skibindungs-Einrichtung
EP0682962A1 (de) * 1993-02-23 1995-11-22 HTM Sport- und Freizeitgeräte Aktiengesellschaft Schwingungsdämpfungseinrichtung
AT400525B (de) * 1993-02-23 1996-01-25 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Haltevorrichtung für eine skibindung
EP0698402A2 (de) 1994-08-22 1996-02-28 HTM Sport- und Freizeitgeräte Aktiengesellschaft Dämpfungsvorrichtung für einen Ski
FR2725377A1 (fr) * 1994-10-10 1996-04-12 Salomon Sa Ski court muni d'un dispositif stabilisateur avant
FR2734164A1 (fr) * 1995-05-17 1996-11-22 Rossignol Sa Dispositif de rehaussement d'une fixation de ski, et ski equipe d'un tel dispositif
US5678841A (en) * 1995-01-30 1997-10-21 Skis Rossignol S.A. Shell skis having longitudinally offset edge elements
US6193262B1 (en) 1997-05-30 2001-02-27 Salomon S.A. Interface device between a boot and alpine ski
FR2801801A1 (fr) 1999-12-06 2001-06-08 Salomon Sa Dispositif amortisseur des vibrations d'un ski, et ski equipe d'un tel dispositif
ITBZ20110050A1 (it) * 2011-10-27 2013-04-28 Alex Wolf Sci da sport perfezionato
WO2015006794A1 (de) 2013-07-19 2015-01-22 Fischer Sports Gmbh Montagevorrichtung für eine skibindung und skibindung

Families Citing this family (20)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2678517B1 (fr) * 1991-07-04 1993-10-15 Salomon Sa Perfectionnement pour dispositif d'amortissement pour ski.
FR2720007B1 (fr) * 1994-05-18 1996-07-12 Salomon Sa Ski alpin muni d'un dispositif de raidissement et/ou d'amortissement à double effet.
FR2737417B1 (fr) * 1995-08-02 1997-08-29 Rossignol Sa Dispositif amortisseur de vibrations pour planche de glisse sur neige
FR2741814B1 (fr) 1995-12-04 1998-02-13 Salomon Sa Dispositif d'amortissement pour planche de glisse
FR2799659B1 (fr) * 1999-10-14 2002-01-11 Rossignol Sa Planche de glisse
FR2809025B1 (fr) * 2000-05-18 2002-07-12 Look Fixations Sa Dispositif de rehaussement d'au moins un element de fixation utilisee sur une planche de glisse
FR2809024B1 (fr) * 2000-05-18 2002-07-12 Look Fixations Sa Dispositif de rehaussement d'au moins un element de fixation utilisee sur une planche de glisse
FR2810557B1 (fr) 2000-06-27 2002-10-04 Rossignol Sa Dispositif destine a etre rapporte sur la face superieure d'une planche de glisse
DE60119961T2 (de) * 2000-11-17 2006-12-21 Scott Sports S.A. Ski und snowboard mit veränderlicher radialer geometrie
DE10204330A1 (de) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-14 Innotec Ges Zur Entwicklung In Alpinski
US20040178606A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-16 Peter Ashley Dynamic damping and stiffening system for sliding boards
US7607679B2 (en) * 2004-11-23 2009-10-27 Anton F. Wilson Suspension system for a ski
EP1850922A4 (de) * 2005-02-16 2011-01-19 Anton F Wilson Snowboards
FR2895914B1 (fr) * 2006-01-09 2008-07-04 Skis Rossignol Sas Soc Par Act Perfectionnement pour planche de glisse sur neige
FR2915905A1 (fr) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-14 Rossignol Sa Dispositif de reglage de spatule d'une planche de glisse
FR2941627B1 (fr) 2009-01-30 2012-12-14 Salomon Sas Ski comportant un moyen d'amortissement des vibrations
FR2947182B1 (fr) * 2009-06-26 2011-09-09 Salomon Sas Planche de glisse
US9305120B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2016-04-05 Bryan Marc Failing Sports board configuration
AT512187B1 (de) * 2012-03-19 2013-06-15 Atomic Austria Gmbh Schi mit Verbindungsvorrichtung für eine Schibindung
US9950242B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2018-04-24 Anton F. Wilson Automatically adaptive ski

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AT376571B (de) * 1982-01-07 1984-12-10 Pichler Hubert Vorrichtung zur herabsetzung der schwingungen bei schi
WO1988001189A1 (en) * 1986-08-22 1988-02-25 Dieter Mankau Ski with compensating elements and pressure members
FR2615404A1 (fr) * 1987-05-22 1988-11-25 Salomon Sa Ski a amortissement reparti

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FR2602979B1 (fr) * 1986-08-20 1990-09-21 Salomon Sa Dispositif amortisseur de chocs et vibrations entre un ski et la fixation de la chaussure
AT391088B (de) * 1988-05-26 1990-08-10 Head Sportgeraete Gmbh Ski mit daempfungslagen
AT400524B (de) * 1988-10-10 1996-01-25 Atomic Austria Gmbh Schi
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FR2678517B1 (fr) * 1991-07-04 1993-10-15 Salomon Sa Perfectionnement pour dispositif d'amortissement pour ski.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1407710A (fr) * 1964-06-22 1965-08-06 Ski à éléments amortisseurs agissant progressivement
AT376571B (de) * 1982-01-07 1984-12-10 Pichler Hubert Vorrichtung zur herabsetzung der schwingungen bei schi
WO1988001189A1 (en) * 1986-08-22 1988-02-25 Dieter Mankau Ski with compensating elements and pressure members
FR2615404A1 (fr) * 1987-05-22 1988-11-25 Salomon Sa Ski a amortissement reparti

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5435588A (en) * 1992-04-01 1995-07-25 Salomon S.A. Ski including a base and two-part stiffener connected to the base
EP0580935A1 (de) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-02 Salomon S.A. Verbesserung an einer Amortisationseinrichtung für Skis
FR2694205A1 (fr) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-04 Salomon Sa Perfectionnement pour dispositif d'amortissement pour ski.
US5441296A (en) * 1992-07-31 1995-08-15 Salomon S.A. Shock absorbing device for skis
EP0609543A1 (de) * 1993-02-05 1994-08-10 Salomon S.A. Verbesserung eines Skivorrichtung mit ein Ski ausgestattet mit solchen Vorrichtung
FR2701215A1 (fr) * 1993-02-05 1994-08-12 Salomon Sa Perfectionnement pour dispositif d'amortissement pour ski et ski équipé d'un tel dispositif.
US5465994A (en) * 1993-02-05 1995-11-14 Salomon S.A. Device for damping ski vibrations
AT400525B (de) * 1993-02-23 1996-01-25 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Haltevorrichtung für eine skibindung
EP0682962A1 (de) * 1993-02-23 1995-11-22 HTM Sport- und Freizeitgeräte Aktiengesellschaft Schwingungsdämpfungseinrichtung
FR2709071A1 (fr) * 1993-08-20 1995-02-24 Salomon Sa Ski perfectionné muni de dispositifs élastiques pour s'opposer et/ou amortir les sollicitations en flexion.
US5470094A (en) * 1993-08-20 1995-11-28 Salomon S.A. Ski equipped with variable length elastic transmitters on either side of the binding zone
FR2709072A1 (fr) * 1993-08-20 1995-02-24 Salomon Sa Ski perfectionné muni de transmetteurs élastiques de longueur variable de part et d'autre de la zone de fixation.
US5464242A (en) * 1993-08-20 1995-11-07 Salomon S.A. Ski equipped with elastic devices to resist and/or absorb bending biases
EP0639392A1 (de) * 1993-08-20 1995-02-22 Salomon S.A. Ski mit elastischen Einrichtungen zum Verhindern und/oder Dämpfen von Biegebeanspruchungen
WO1995007737A1 (en) * 1993-09-13 1995-03-23 Marco Maggiolo Device for improving the efficiency and controllability of skis
US5758894A (en) * 1993-09-13 1998-06-02 Maggiolo; Marco Device for improving the efficiency and controllability of skis
EP0665035A1 (de) * 1994-01-13 1995-08-02 Manfred Geith Skibindungs-Einrichtung
EP0698402A2 (de) 1994-08-22 1996-02-28 HTM Sport- und Freizeitgeräte Aktiengesellschaft Dämpfungsvorrichtung für einen Ski
EP0698402A3 (de) * 1994-08-22 1997-07-09 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Dämpfungsvorrichtung für einen Ski
FR2725377A1 (fr) * 1994-10-10 1996-04-12 Salomon Sa Ski court muni d'un dispositif stabilisateur avant
EP0706809A1 (de) * 1994-10-10 1996-04-17 Salomon S.A. Kurzski mit einer Stabilisierungseinrichtung im Vorteil
US5678841A (en) * 1995-01-30 1997-10-21 Skis Rossignol S.A. Shell skis having longitudinally offset edge elements
US5845923A (en) * 1995-05-17 1998-12-08 Skis Rossignol S.A. Device for raising a ski binding and ski equipped with such a device
FR2734164A1 (fr) * 1995-05-17 1996-11-22 Rossignol Sa Dispositif de rehaussement d'une fixation de ski, et ski equipe d'un tel dispositif
US6193262B1 (en) 1997-05-30 2001-02-27 Salomon S.A. Interface device between a boot and alpine ski
FR2801801A1 (fr) 1999-12-06 2001-06-08 Salomon Sa Dispositif amortisseur des vibrations d'un ski, et ski equipe d'un tel dispositif
ITBZ20110050A1 (it) * 2011-10-27 2013-04-28 Alex Wolf Sci da sport perfezionato
WO2015006794A1 (de) 2013-07-19 2015-01-22 Fischer Sports Gmbh Montagevorrichtung für eine skibindung und skibindung
AT514662A1 (de) * 2013-07-19 2015-02-15 Fischer Sports Gmbh Montagevorrichtung für eine Skibindung zur Verbindung eines Skischuhs mit einem Ski
AT514662B1 (de) * 2013-07-19 2019-09-15 Fischer Sports Gmbh Montagevorrichtung für eine Skibindung zur Verbindung eines Skischuhs mit einem Ski
DE112014003333B4 (de) 2013-07-19 2023-06-22 Fischer Sports Gmbh Montagevorrichtung für eine Skibindung und Skibindung

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DE69200489T2 (de) 1995-02-09
JPH0698962A (ja) 1994-04-12
JP3010416U (ja) 1995-05-02
FR2675392A1 (fr) 1992-10-23
FR2675392B1 (fr) 1995-06-23
US6270108B1 (en) 2001-08-07
EP0510308B1 (de) 1994-10-05
DE69200489D1 (de) 1994-11-10
ATE112499T1 (de) 1994-10-15

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