EP0489784B1 - Permanentmagnet - Google Patents
Permanentmagnet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0489784B1 EP0489784B1 EP90912788A EP90912788A EP0489784B1 EP 0489784 B1 EP0489784 B1 EP 0489784B1 EP 90912788 A EP90912788 A EP 90912788A EP 90912788 A EP90912788 A EP 90912788A EP 0489784 B1 EP0489784 B1 EP 0489784B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- rare earth
- carbon
- phase
- proportion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910002546 FeCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 such as Nd Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
Definitions
- the invention relates to a permanent magnet of the FeNdB type, which contains at least one rare earth metal, at least one transition metal and boron and carbon.
- a permanent magnet of this type is known from EP 0 101 552 B1, wherein Nd is preferably used as the rare earth metal and Fe is used as the transition metal.
- Nd is preferably used as the rare earth metal
- Fe is used as the transition metal.
- Such a permanent magnet has good magnetic properties only if the main part of the magnetic structure has a tetragonal crystal structure. This presupposes that the starting materials for the alloy powder contain no impurities or additives or only contain a negligible proportion. Such starting materials are very expensive in terms of the required purity, so that the permanent magnet cannot be produced inexpensively.
- rare earth metals such as Nd
- transition metals such as Fe
- a pure Nd2Fe14C phase ie a pure carbon phase, is produced by melt metallurgy and not powder metallurgy.
- a suitable alloy powder and suitable processes for producing the alloy powder and the permanent magnet are also to be specified.
- the permanent magnet contains two alloy phases, each of which is suitable for the formation of magnetic phases with a tetragonal crystal structure.
- the proportions of B and C are matched to one another in such a way that processing in the presence of oxygen is facilitated.
- the oxygen can be contained in the form of rare earth oxides.
- the carbon added to the known reduction can at least partially be present as an impurity in the transition metal and contributes to the formation of a carbon-rich magnetic phase, so that the non-magnetic phase is reduced proportionately. Since heavy rare earth metals in particular are much cheaper than oxides, the permanent magnets with the two magnetic phases can be produced more cheaply than the known permanent magnets with only a single magnetic phase with a tetragonal crystal structure.
- the essence of the invention is therefore essentially to use two alloy phases suitable for the formation of magnetic phases for the production of a permanent magnet with different magnetic phases, but the same crystal structure, and thereby the advantages of producing a permanent magnet from an oxygen-enriched alloy, the proportion of which when sintering is stabilized to a predetermined value with the help of carbon.
- the knowledge of DE 36 37 521 A1 is combined with the knowledge of EP 0 101 552 B1 and EP 0 320 064 A1 in a sensible manner in order to create a permanent magnet that has high stable values has, can be produced from inexpensive, partially loaded with oxygen or carbon starting materials and the starting materials can be easily processed during production.
- non-magnetic phases of the composition (R) 1Fe4B4 and (R) 1Fe4C4 as well as oxides of the light rare earth metals (LSE2O3) used as metals are also formed, which are also non-magnetic.
- the proportion of rare earth metals (R) in the permanent magnet is preferably chosen so that (R) is the sum of R1 and R2, where R1 is at least one heavy rare earth metal (SSE) and / or an oxide of at least one heavy rare earth metal (SSE2O3).
- the oxide of the heavy rare earth metal becomes metal, while the released oxygen (O2) combines with the light rare earth metal (LSE) to form the non-magnetic LSE2O3 phase, with an O2 content of approximately 0.06 to 1.3 in the permanent magnet % By weight remains.
- the proportion of the transition metal TM is chosen so that it consists of at least 98% iron and / or cobalt.
- magnetic tetragonal phases of the following composition can also form, if as light Rare earth metal neodymium nd is used Nd2 (FeCo) 14B1 or Nd2 (feCo) 14C1.
- the transition metal can also contain additives in an amount of up to 2% of at least one or more of the elements from the group Al, Ti, V, W, Mn, Ni, Si, Cu, Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf, Sn and Pb have.
- the elements Al, Nb, Mo, W, Ta have proven to be advantageous and accumulating in the border phase.
- An alloy powder for producing a sintered permanent magnet with the two tetragonal magnetic phases is characterized in that it consists of an alloy powder with the boron-containing phase and an alloy powder with the carbon-containing phase, at least one rare earth metal with additives and / or oxides and at least one transition metal Impurities exist, the proportion of B being about 0.9 to 1.2% by weight and the proportion of C being about 0.05 to 0.15% by weight.
- a proportion of O2 bi to 1.5 wt .-% may be present.
- the oxides of the heavy rare earth metals and the carbon enable the formation of the two tetragonal phases with cheap starting materials. If necessary, additional carbon and oxygen can be added to obtain the specified proportions.
- the proportion of rare earth metals in the respective alloy phase is characterized in that it contains a first portion (R1) of a light rare earth element LSE with approximately 28 to 34% by weight and a second portion (R2) of at least one oxide of a heavy rare earth element (SSE2O3) about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, which is used for the preparation of the alloy powder.
- carbon-containing iron (Fe) and / or carbon-containing cobalt (Co) is used as the starting material for the production of the C-containing alloy powder.
- a method which is characterized in that the respective alloy powder the phases containing boron and carbon are prepared in such a way that the starting materials are melted, homogenized after cooling and ground to alloy powder, that additional oxygen (O2) is added to a final concentration of about 1.5% by weight during grinding , and that the alloy powder is aligned in the magnetic field, pressed and, like conventional RE magnets, sintered into a permanent magnet with an energy product of 20 MOe to 40 MOe.
- the master alloy from the light rare earth metals LSE, the oxides, the heavy rare earth metals SSE2O3, the carbon-containing transition metals Fe and / or Co is melted with the additives, the boron or ferroboron and any added carbon, homogenized and ground to alloy powder. Additional oxygen O2 can be added to a final concentration of up to about 1.5% by weight during grinding.
- the carbon content in the alloy powder is brought up to about 0.2% by weight and the powder is then further processed in air.
- the alloy powder is aligned in a constant field of about 14 kOe and at a pressure of about 1 kbar Grünlingen pressed. Green compacts treated in this way have an oxygen content of up to 1.24% by weight.
- the green compacts are heated to about 1,030 ° C. in a vacuum oven and kept at this temperature for about 3 hours.
- Part of the carbon of the alloy combines with the excess oxygen and escapes in the form of CO and / or CO2, which is sucked in and removed with vacuum pumps.
- the subsequent sintering brings the permanent magnet to a final density of around 7.3 to 7.6 g / cm3.
- Part of the carbon escapes and achieves a reduction in the oxygen content and / or the proportion of oxides of the rare earth metals, while the remaining proportion of carbon forms a magnetic phase, which contributes to the excellent properties of this magnet.
- the permanent magnet has excellent mechanical and thermal stability and the oxygenation during the manufacturing process makes the processing of the alloy much easier and easier.
- the main phases of the permanent magnet are tetragonal and magnetic, while only a small proportion of non-magnetic phases are created in the magnetic structure, and no pure, expensive starting materials were used to produce the alloy and the permanent magnet.
- the alloy is homogenized. After homogenization, rapid cooling is carried out, preferably at a cooling rate of approximately 1,000 ° C./min. This is the only way to ensure that the tetragonal magnetic phase with C, e.g. Nd2 (FeCo) 14C1 forms.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90912788T ATE99450T1 (de) | 1989-08-28 | 1990-08-27 | Permanentmagnet. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3928389 | 1989-08-28 | ||
| DE3928389A DE3928389A1 (de) | 1989-08-28 | 1989-08-28 | Permanentmagnet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0489784A1 EP0489784A1 (de) | 1992-06-17 |
| EP0489784B1 true EP0489784B1 (de) | 1993-12-29 |
Family
ID=6388032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90912788A Expired - Lifetime EP0489784B1 (de) | 1989-08-28 | 1990-08-27 | Permanentmagnet |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0489784B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPH05500134A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (2) | DE3928389A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| WO (1) | WO1991003823A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5147473A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1992-09-15 | Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. | Permanent magnet alloy having improved resistance to oxidation and process for production thereof |
| US5403408A (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 1995-04-04 | Inland Steel Company | Non-uniaxial permanent magnet material |
| AU2001275775A1 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2002-02-18 | Sanei Kasei Co., Limited | Nanocomposite permanent magnet |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1316375C (en) * | 1982-08-21 | 1993-04-20 | Masato Sagawa | Magnetic materials and permanent magnets |
| JPS59132105A (ja) * | 1983-01-19 | 1984-07-30 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 永久磁石用合金 |
| DE3379084D1 (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1989-03-02 | Sumitomo Spec Metals | Permanently magnetizable alloys, magnetic materials and permanent magnets comprising febr or (fe,co)br (r=vave earth) |
| JP2537189B2 (ja) * | 1985-10-25 | 1996-09-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 永久磁石 |
| DE3637521A1 (de) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-11 | Schramberg Magnetfab | Permanentmagnet und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| US4849035A (en) * | 1987-08-11 | 1989-07-18 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Rare earth, iron carbon permanent magnet alloys and method for producing the same |
| NL8800740A (nl) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-07-03 | Philips Nv | Hardmagnetisch materiaal uit een zeldzame aardmetaal, ijzer en koolstof. |
| JPH01169904A (ja) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-05 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | 永久磁石およびその製造方法 |
-
1989
- 1989-08-28 DE DE3928389A patent/DE3928389A1/de active Granted
-
1990
- 1990-08-27 JP JP2512098A patent/JPH05500134A/ja active Pending
- 1990-08-27 EP EP90912788A patent/EP0489784B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-27 WO PCT/DE1990/000653 patent/WO1991003823A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1990-08-27 DE DE90912788T patent/DE59004054D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 12, no. 24, (E-576)(2871), 23 January 1988, & JP-A-62 181403 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05500134A (ja) | 1993-01-14 |
| EP0489784A1 (de) | 1992-06-17 |
| DE3928389C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-01-07 |
| DE59004054D1 (de) | 1994-02-10 |
| WO1991003823A1 (de) | 1991-03-21 |
| DE3928389A1 (de) | 1991-03-14 |
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