EP0486510B1 - Cyclic amidocarboxy surfactants, synthesis and use thereof - Google Patents

Cyclic amidocarboxy surfactants, synthesis and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0486510B1
EP0486510B1 EP90910659A EP90910659A EP0486510B1 EP 0486510 B1 EP0486510 B1 EP 0486510B1 EP 90910659 A EP90910659 A EP 90910659A EP 90910659 A EP90910659 A EP 90910659A EP 0486510 B1 EP0486510 B1 EP 0486510B1
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Prior art keywords
oil
surfactants
alkyl
sodium
additives
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EP90910659A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0486510A1 (en
Inventor
Jean M. Goze
Randal J. Bernhardt
James A. Hartlage
Norman R. Smith
Dennis E. Lietz
James W. Kay
Fred W. Breitbeil
Branco Sajic
Ned Miles Rockwell
Nina Montserrat Mcconnell
William Richard Mohring
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Stepan Co
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Stepan Co
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Priority claimed from US07/542,780 external-priority patent/US5015415A/en
Application filed by Stepan Co filed Critical Stepan Co
Priority to EP95201081A priority Critical patent/EP0705591A3/en
Priority to EP95201082A priority patent/EP0688601A1/en
Publication of EP0486510A1 publication Critical patent/EP0486510A1/en
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Publication of EP0486510B1 publication Critical patent/EP0486510B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/693—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural or synthetic rubber, or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/22—Amides or hydrazides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/10—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing emulsifiers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K8/06—Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/445—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof aromatic, i.e. the carboxylic acid directly linked to the aromatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C07C211/63—Quaternary ammonium compounds having quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C215/02—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C215/40—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton with quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/64—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C233/65—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/64—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C233/67—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
    • C07C233/68—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C233/69—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
    • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
    • C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
    • C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
    • C08F2/26—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents anionic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
    • C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
    • D06M13/415—Amides of aromatic carboxylic acids; Acylated aromatic amines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/006—Antidandruff preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to oil and water emulsions which comprise particular emulsifiers and which show improved stability.
  • phthalamate derivatives are at least nominally disclosed in academic and patent literature. Some specific phthalamate derivatives have been suggested as being useful in plant growth regulator formulations, insect repellant formulations, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal formulations, additives for improving low temperature flow characteristics of petroleum distillate fuels, solvent extraction formulations for certain heavy metal ions, catalyst systems for polyurethane foam formulations, additives for thermal recording materials, thickeners for silicone grease and oil-based drilling muds, additives for water-insensitive coatings, plasticizers, etc.
  • Patent 2,101,323 provides a scant disclosure of certain monoamides of particular dicarboxylic acids including cyclic amidocarboxy compounds and various phthalamate derivatives, solvent-based synthesis routes and a recitation of potential uses therefor.
  • U.S. Patent 2,467,192 provides a disclosure of certain ammonium salts of "amic" acids, including various phthalamate derivatives, synthesis thereof and a use therefor as a plasticizer which may involve forming water-insensitive surfaces or films.
  • Numerous other, relatively remote, disclosures involving phthalamic acids or phthalamate derivatives include the following U.S.
  • Patents 2,554,249 (additive for insecticidal compositions); 2,582,670 (additive for vulcanization activators); 2,742,496 (additive for rust and corrosion inhibitor formulations); 3,095,286 (additive to screen-clogging prevention and rust inhibition formulations); 4,211,534 (additive for improving low temperature flow characteristics of petroleum fuel oils); 4,478,958 (additive to catalyst systems for polyurethane foam formulations); etc.
  • U.S. Patents 3,928,432 and 4,544,726 disclose certain monomeric latex polymerization surfactants, which during polymerization are chemically incorporated into the polymers so as to prevent migration thereof and thereby reduce water-sensitivity of the resulting polymeric mass.
  • U.S. Patent 4,741,855 describes shampoo compositions which comprise a synthetic surfactant, an insoluble, non-volatile silicone, a suspending agent, and water.
  • the described suspending agents include long chain esters of ethylene glycol, esters of long chain fatty amine oxides and many others.
  • the quaternary ammonium compounds, disclosed in U.S. Patent no. 4,741,855 as ingredients in a shampoo composition are di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium chloride and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride.
  • silicone material in shampoos has been described in a number of different publications.
  • the manufacture of such compositions is extremely complicated and requires specialized mixing equipment, high shear pumps, a heat exchanger, several manufacturing tanks, etc.
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds derived from fatty acid amines such as tallow amine and di-tallow amine have been used as conditioners, surfactants and thickeners or emulsifiers in various shampoo and hair care products.
  • European Patent Application No. 0067635A2 discloses conditioning shampoos containing quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula: wherein the R1 and R groups contain an average of from about 16 to 22 carbon atoms, most preferably from about 16 to about 18 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 are C1 to C4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups, and X is any compatible anion, particularly one selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate, or acetate anions.
  • the shampoo compositions of that patent application also contain acyl derivatives which are long chain amides, alkanolamides, esters of ethylene glycol and glycerine, esters of carboxylic acids, esters of thiodicarboxylic acids, and mixtures of these derivatives.
  • the shampoo compositions of that patent application also contain surfactant which are represented by the formula: wherein R1 is a long chain alkyl radical having from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms or an amido radical represented by the formula: R5-CONH (CH2)3 wherein R5 is a long chain alkyl radical, R and R3 are each alkyl radicals having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
  • R4 is an alkylene or hydroxy alkylene radical having from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and X is a carboxylate radical.
  • European Patent Application No. 0 152 194 A2 discloses shampoo compositions containing quaternary ammonium salts of the formula: wherein R1 is hydrogen, or an aliphatic group of from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an aromatic, aryl or alkaryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; R2 is an aliphatic group having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are each alkyl groups having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and X is an anion selected from halogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate and methyl sulfate radicals.
  • U.K. Patent Application No. GB 2196979 A provides hair care compositions comprising compounds of the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are aliphatic groups containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 are hydrogen or short chain alkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and X is anion selected from halogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate and alkyl sulfate radicals.
  • U.K. Patent Application GB 2124647 A teaches quaternary ammonium compounds useful in shampoo compositions.
  • the ammonium compounds have the formula: wherein R1 is an aliphatic alkyl group containing an average of from about 16 to 22 carbon atoms, most preferably from about 16 to about 18 carbon atoms, the R2 groups are C1 to C4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups, the R3 groups are alkylene oxide groups, preferably propylene oxide, where y is 1-4 and X is any compatible anion, particularly one selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate, or acetate anions.
  • European Patent Application No. 0294 894 discloses conditioning agents for delivery from shampoos comprising compounds of the formula: wherein R1 and R2 can independently be C16 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl and R3 is H or CH3, and A is an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxylated sulfates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfonates, alkyl oxybenzene sulfonates, acyl isethionates, acyl alkyl taurates, olefin sulfonates and paraffin sulfonates.
  • phthalamate derivatives are at least nominally disclosed in academic and patent literature. Some specific phthalamate derivatives have been suggested as being useful in plant growth regulator formulations, insect repellant formulations, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal formulations, additives for improving low temperature flow characteristics of petroleum distillate fuels, solvent extraction formulations for certain heavy metal ions, catalyst systems for polyurethane foam formulations, additives for thermal recording materials, thickeners for silicone grease and oil-based drilling muds, additives for water-insensitive coatings, plasticizers, etc.
  • Phthalamic acids or phthalamate derivatives have been used as additives for insecticidal compositions; additives for vulcanization activators; additives for rust and corrosion inhibitor formulations; additives to screen-clogging prevention and rust inhibition formulations; additives for improving low temperature flow characteristics of petroleum fuel oils; additives to catalyst systems for polyurethane foam formulations.
  • Ammonium phthalamates have been used as additives in fuel oil compositions, blending agents for grease, lubricating oil additives, and thickening agents for lubricating oil compositions. These ammonium phthalamates have the formula wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the C16-C40, preferably C16-C24 straight chain alkyl groups of secondary amine, and may be the same or different.
  • Tallow is a fatty acid byproduct of the meat-packing industry obtained by rendering the body fat from cattle and sheep. Tallows from different sources vary in free fatty acid content.
  • the fatty acids normally found in tallow are myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid.
  • Tallow amines as well as di(hydrogenated tallow) amine, are commercially available: for example, di(hydrogenated tallow) amines are available under the trade name ARMEEN 2HT TM (Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois).
  • N,N-diarachidyl phthalamic acid was prepared by adding phthalic anhydride to a 40% solution of amine in toluene in a 1/1 mole ratio at 80°C. The product was recovered by vacuum drying at 50°C, 0.05 mmHg for 20.5 hours. Phthalic anhydride sublimation was observed. This method makes no mention of the presence of any ammonium salt in the resultant product.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,402,708 describes a method for preparing N,N-diotadecyl phthalamic acid dioctadecyl ammonium salt and N,N-diarachidyl phthalamic acid diarachidyl ammonium salt.
  • Phthalic anhydride was added to a 10% solution of amine in toluene in an anhydride to amine mole ration of 1/2.
  • the product was recovered by filtering and film evaporating a 1/1 toluene/n-heptane solution at 55°C, 44 mmHg.
  • Phthalamic acids have also been prepared by melting phthalic anhydride at 131°C and subsequent addition of molten secondary amine. The reactants to be added in an equimolar ratio. At the temperature used in this method, 131°C, excessive phthalic anhydride sublimation occurs and increased product degradation is observed. This method makes no mention of the presence of any ammonium salt in the resultant product.
  • Phthalamic acids have been prepared by addition of a solution of secondary amine in isopropanol at 78°C to a phthalic anhydride/isopropanol slurry at 78°C in a one to one phthalic anhydride/amine molar ratio with subsequent vacuum stripping of the solvent.
  • This method utilizes isopropanol as the solvent for the reaction.
  • Isopropanol, a secondary amine reacts with phthalic anhydride to yield isopropyl mono ester of phthalic acid. At 78°C, as much as 40% of the product may be this ester.
  • the present invention provides a composition maintained as an emulsion of an oil phase and a water phase, characterised in that the emulsion comprises an emulsifier of the formula:
  • composition may further comprise a glyceryl mono-fatty acid ester.
  • the emulsifier may be present in the composition in an amount of at least about 0.5% by weight.
  • the emulsifier may particularly preferably be sodium N-octadecyl phthalamate.
  • the weight ratio of the oil phase to the emulsifier may be at least 6.67:1.
  • compositions according to the invention are capable of being fast-breaking emulsions having a breakdown time of less than 30 seconds.
  • the group R represents C16-C18 alkyl, which may be linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the cation X represents a sodium or triethanolammonium ion.
  • composition of the invention may be used in the provision of a solvent-tolerant skin-care composition which may comprise about 0.01 percent to about 10.0 percent of a primary emulsifier having the formula above, about 0.01 percent to about 10.0 percent of a secondary emulsifer, and a sufficient amount of an emollient to attain a ratio of emollient to emulsifier in the range of about 3:1 to about 30:1.
  • the skin-care compositions may be relatively salt-tolerant.
  • compositions may also be used to provide a hair-care composition comprising about 0.01 percent to about 10.0 percent of a conditioning surfactant having the formula above, about 10 percent to about 25 percent of a hair-cleansing material; and Q.S. 100 of an aqueous material.
  • conditioning surfactants for hair-care products or compositions include materials selected from the group consisting essentially of sodium N-octadecylphthalamate, sodium N-hexadecylphthalamate, sodium N-tallowphthalamate, sodium N-cocophthalamate, sodium N-isododecyloxypropylphthalamate, mixtures thereof and their corresponding triethanolammonium salts and mixtures thereof.
  • a particularly attractive use of the invention comprises applying to human skin a relatively salt-tolerant, relatively solvent-tolerant, and relatively fast-breaking anionic oil-in-water cosmetic composition having a pH in the range of 7 to 10, with such composition being comprised of about 0.01 percent to about 10.0 percent of a primary, relatively high HLB emulsifier having the formula above; about 0.01 percent to about 10.0 percent of a secondary, relatively low HLB emulsifier, and a sufficient amount of an emollient to attain a ratio of emollient to emulsifier in the range of about 3:1 to about 30:1 at a select skin area; and rubbing the composition into the skin area for a relatively brief period of time sufficient to break the composition and allow the emollient to penetrate into the skin area.
  • a somewhat similar embodiment of this feature of the invention comprises conditioning or treating hair (to avoid tangles, snarls, etc.) by applying to wet hair a shampoo composition comprised of about 0.05 percent to about 10.0 percent of a water-dispersable anionic surfactant having the formula above; about 10 percent to about 25 percent of a hair-cleansing material; and Q.S. 100 of aqueous material; admixing such shampoo composition with the wet hair and rinsing the resultant hair with water or aqueous solution so as to substantially remove any free shampoo composition.
  • a shampoo composition comprised of about 0.05 percent to about 10.0 percent of a water-dispersable anionic surfactant having the formula above; about 10 percent to about 25 percent of a hair-cleansing material; and Q.S. 100 of aqueous material; admixing such shampoo composition with the wet hair and rinsing the resultant hair with water or aqueous solution so as to substantially remove any free shampoo composition.
  • the invention may also be used to provide an emulsified oil-in-water composition
  • an emulsified oil-in-water composition comprising about 0.01 to about 10.0 percent of a relatively high HLB emulsifier having the formula above; about 0.01 percent to about 10.0 percent of a relatively low HLB emulsifier; up to about 80 percent of an oily material and Q.S. 100 water.
  • the oily material may be preferably selected from a group consisting essentially of crude petroleum oil, distilled petroleum oil, heavy paraffinic oil, asphaltene oil, linseed oil, tall oil, soybean oil alkyd, linseed oil alkyd, mineral oil, petrolatum, petrolatum light, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, caprylic/capric triglyceride, lanolin, acetylated lanolin alcohol, dimethicone, hydrogenated vegetable oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, avocado oil, corn oil, peanut oil, glycerine, propylene glycol, sorbitol, C12-C16 alcohol benzoates, cyclomethicone, dimethicone, cocoa butter, vitamin E acetate, squalane, sodium pyrolidone carboxylic acid, methyl glucose ether, panthenol, melanin, aloe vera oil, polybutylene, polyethylene, silicone,
  • Another use of the invention is to provide an emulsifier having the formula above, for agricultural chemicals and agricultural chemical compositions comprising, in combination, an amount up to about 10 percent, by weight of the above emulsifier and an effective amount of an active agricultural chemical in a suitable carrier, such as an oil or an aqueous system.
  • a feature of this embodiment of the invention involves applying an active agricultural herbicide/pesticide to a growing crop so as to avoid post-application washoff and comprises producing a sprayable emulsion containing an effective amount of an active agricultural herbicide/pesticide in a suitable carrier and an amount of up to about 10 percent of a destructible surfactant having the general formula above; spraying such eulsions onto the growing crop; and subjecting the sprayed emulsion to ambient temperature conditions over a period of time whereby the surfactant chemically changes so that the resulting agricultural chemical composition becomes substantially water-insensitive.
  • the desired chemical change may be accomplished by subjecting the sprayed crop to a pH environment of less than about 5.
  • the invention provides a method of transporting relatively high viscosity crude petroleum oil which comprises forming a relatively low viscosity emulsion from a select crude petroleum oil, and an emulsifier having the formula above, and water, and transporting, as by a pump or truck, such emulsion to a desired location, and, at such a location, subjecting such emulsion to conditions sufficient to chemically change the emulsifier to "deactivate" such emulsifier and thereby break the emulsion and allow ready separation of the oil from the admixture.
  • conditions sufficient to chemically change the emulsifier so as to deactivate the same involve heating the emulsion to temperatures of at least about 100°C.
  • conditions sufficient to chemically change the emulsifier so as to deactivate the same involve adjusting the pH of the emulsion to a value below about 5.
  • a further preferred embodiment of this feature of the invention includes recovering the chemically changed (deactivated) emulsifier and adjusting the pH of the so-recovered deactivated emulsifier to a value above about 7.5 so as to "reactivate" said emulsifier for further use in transporting crude petroleum oil.
  • a further use of the invention is to provide an emulsifier/dispersant for crude petroleum oil, with the emulsifier/dispersant having the composition above.
  • the surfactant solutions of the present invention may be used as surfactants per se, as caustic-stabile surfactants, as chlorine-stabile surfactants, as cosmetic emulsifiers for personal care products, such as skin creams, skin lotions, hair conditioners, etc., as fast-breaking skin-care product emulsifiers; as emulsifiers for liquid hand, facial and body soaps and bar soaps; as emulsifiers for agricultural chemicals, as domestic fabric softeners; as destructible latex polymerisation surfactants in coating and/or adhesive systems, as domestic detergent additives, such as in heavy-duty detergents, in light-duty detergents, in dishwashing detergents, in various hard-surface cleaners, etc., as emulsifiers for portland cement and concrete; as flotation/benefication additives for various mineral ores; as additives for electroplating and/or surface finishing baths for metal goods; as additives for plaster, gypsum and miscellaneous building materials; as enhanced oil recovery
  • the R moieties in the formula above are typically hydrocarbon moieties and may include moieties wherein one or more of the carbon atoms in the respective carbon chains are replaced by a hetero atom, such as, for example, oxygen and/or nitrogen.
  • the aromatic moiety in the above formulation may be substituted with various functional groups, which include but are not limited to, halides, carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, nitro, nitroso, amines, amidos, hydroxyls, sulfonic acids and derivatives thereof, alkyls, ethers, esters, nitriles and mixtures thereof.
  • compositions have many technical utilities, including as cleansers, emulsifiers, wetting agents, lubricants, surfactants, etc., in such diverse applications as caustic-stabile surfactants useful, for example, in textile scouring baths or textile spinfinishing operations; chlorine-stabile surfactants useful, for example, in hard-surface cleaners containing bleach, or in liquid automatic dishwashing detergents, or in domestic laundry cleansing formulations containing chlorine, etc.; as foodstuff emulsifiers useful in emulsifying various edible oils and the like into foodstuff compositions, such as baked goods, mayonnaise, dog/cat food, etc.; as emulsifiers for skin/hair-care products and useful in emulsifying various emollients or conditioning/protective agents used in treating skin and/or hair; as fabric softeners for treating domestic laundry; as industrial emulsifiers useful in emulsifying various oily materials, such as crude petroleum oils, linseed oils, vitamin acetate
  • Embodiments of the invention include synthesis routes useful in manufacturing surfactants of the formula above at relatively high yields, with little or no purification requirements.
  • molten phthalic anhydride may be contacted with at least a primary (RNH2) amine, wherein R is selected from C16-C18 alkyl, under reaction conditions conducive for formation of an imide between the anhydride and the amine, and thereafter adding to the resulting imide, a nucleophilic source yielding an alkali (i.e. Na, triethanolammonium) cation under reaction conditions conducive to the formation of the corresponding alkali salt.
  • Reaction conditions conducive to formation of the imide and the desired salt generally include applying heat in the range of about 90° to about 150°C while stirring, preferably under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen, over a period of time, typically at least about 30 minutes and less than about 300 minutes.
  • water may be removed and during salt formation water may be added.
  • surfactants of the formula above may be produced by contacting molten phthalic anhydride with at least a secondary R5R6NH) amine where R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting essentially of H or C16-18 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl, aryl, or R3-O-R4 groups, wherein R3 and R4 are defined as for R5 and R6, under reaction conditions conducive for formation of phthalamic acid between the anhydride and the amine, and thereafter adding a source yielding a cation selected from the group consisting essentially of Na or (HOCH2CH2)3NH, and mixtures thereof under reaction conditions conducive for formation of the corresponding salt.
  • R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting essentially of H or C16-18 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl,
  • surfactants of the formula above may be produced by contacting phthalic anhydride with at least a tertiary C16 ⁇ 18 amine so as to obtain an admixture, typically a substantially uniform admixture, and adding to such admixture a primary or secondary (R5R6NH) amine, with R5 and R6 being independently selected from the group consisting essentially of H or C16_18 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl, aryl, or R3-O-R4 groups, wherein R3 and R4 are defined as above, under reaction conditions conducive for formation of an alkylphthalamate salt.
  • R5R6NH primary or secondary
  • the foregoing steps may occur sequentially or substantially simultaneously.
  • alkylphthalamate surfactants are produced from phthalic anhydride and various fatty primary amines in accordance with the following reaction scheme: wherein R 5 is selected from C 1 -C 40 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkytene, alkaryl, aryl, or R 3 -O-R 4 groups, with R 3 and R 4 being independently selected from C 1 - C 22 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cydoalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl, and aryl groups and M is an alkali cation (i.e. Na, K,,NH 4 , etc.).
  • R 5 is selected from C 1 -C 40 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkytene, alkaryl, aryl, or R 3 -O-R 4 groups, with R 3 and R 4 being independently selected
  • select reactants may be placed in a suitable reaction flask, which typically may be fitted with a stirrer, and Allihn condenser, a Dean-Stark trap, a controlled inlet interconnected to a nitrogen gas source, a thermometer and an addition funnel, or their equivalent.
  • Phthalic anhydride may be placed in the reactor flask, heated to a melt (about 131°C), generally under a nitrogen blanket, and an amount of a select fatty amine may be brought into contact with the molten phthalic anhydride. Heating may be continued over a period of time ranging from at least about 30 minutes to about 300 minutes, with removal of water aided by a nitrogen or other inert gas sparge.
  • reaction mixture may be adjusted to about 100°C and a select nucleophilic source, i.e., a hydroxide, yielding a desired cation may be added relatively quickly.
  • a select nucleophilic source i.e., a hydroxide
  • This reaction mixture may be heated with stirring for a period of time varying from at least about 30 minutes to about 300 minutes to obtain a high yield, typically about 90% or more, of an alkylphthalamate without requiring purification. Of course, if desired, purification may be effected.
  • Phthalic anhydride is a well-known chemical and is commercially available, for example from Stepan Company, Northfield, Illinois, (assignee of the present invention).
  • Fatty primary amines are likewise well known and are commercially available from various sources, including, for example, Aldrich Chemical Company.
  • Exemplary fatty primary amines include: alkyl, cydoalkyl, and/or alkylene amines, such as hexylamine, cyclohexolamine octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine octadecylamine, eicosylamine, docosylamine, cocoamine, tallowamine, and similar linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkylene fatty amines; alkaryl amines, such as 4-methylaniline, 2,4-dimethylaniline, 3,4-diisopropylaniline, 3,5-dimethylaniline, and similar linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkaryl fatty amines; aryl amines, such as aniline, 2-bromoaniline, 2-chloroaniline, 3-
  • Exemplary nucleophilic sources yielding alkali cations include: NaOH, KOH, NH 4 OH.
  • Exemplary sources yielding alkaline-earth metal cation indude Ca(OH) 2 , Ba(OH) 2 , Mg(OH) 2 .
  • Phthalic anhydride (1 mole, 148g) was placed in a two liter, three neck, round bottom reaction flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, an Allihn condenser, a Dean-Stark trap, an inlet for nitrogen, a thermometer and an addition funnel.
  • the phthalic anhydride was heated under a nitrogen blanket to a melt (about 131°C).
  • Octadecylamine (1 mole, 278g) was added slowly over about 30 minutes to the molten phthalic anhydride. Heating was continued at about 131°C for about 3 hours, with the nitrogen blanket changed to a nitrogen sparge to aid in the removal of water.
  • N-octadecylphthalimide One mole (408g) of this reaction product, N-octadecylphthalimide, was transferred into a twelve liter, 4-neck, round bottom flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer, an Allihn condenser, an addition funnel and an inlet for connection to a nitrogen source (gas cylinder).
  • Deionized water about 6.1L was added to the N-octadecylphthalimide and the mixture was heated to about 100°C to obtain a fairly homogenous mixture.
  • Stirring was then commenced under a nitrogen blanket and 1 N sodium hydroxide (about 1.1L 10% excess) was added relatively quickly over a period of a few minutes.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred with heating for about three hours.
  • a clear light yellow reaction product was obtained and a relatively small sample was removed, dried in a vacuum oven for about 1 hour (1 atm, 40°C) and characterized by IR spectroscopy as comprising essentially sodium N-octadecylphthalamate.
  • the above synthesis is, essentially, duplicated except that dodecylamine is substituted for octadecylamine and ammonium hydroxide is substituted for sodium hydroxide.
  • the final product is characterized by IR spectroscopy as comprised essentially of ammonium N-dodecylphthalamate.
  • Example 1A The synthesis route of Example 1A above is repeated, except that cocoamine is utilized in place of octadecylamine and potassium hydroxide is used in place of sodium hydroxide.
  • the final product is similarly characterized as comprising essentially potassium N-cocophthalamate.
  • Example 1A The synthesis route of Example 1A was essentially repeated, except that dodecylamine was utilized in place of octadecylamine.
  • the final product straw yellow, was characterized by IR spectroscopy as comprising sodium N-dodecylphthalamate.
  • a sample of the reaction product was removed and weighed 52.2980 g as about 11.3 percent solids in water. This sample was quantitively converted to the corresponding phthalamic acid and using conventional calculations, it was determined that the percent yield of the acid (or percent purity of the sample) was about 94.16 percent.
  • Example 1A The synthesis route of Example 1A was, essentially, repeated except that isododecyloxypropylamine was used in place of octadecylamine and hydrolysis with NaOH occurred at about 70°C, instead of 100°C.
  • the final product was characterized by IR spectroscopy as comprising essentially of sodium N-isododecyloxypropylphthalamate.
  • a portion of the sodium N-octadecylphthalamate from Example 1A above is acidified with a mineral acid, i.e., hydrochloric acid, to a pH of about 3 and filtered to separate the semi-solid acid. This acid is then admixed with deionized water and a slurry of calcium hydroxide is added, with stirring until a relatively stabile pH of about 8 or 9 is attained. The final product is confirmed by IR spectroscopy as comprising essentially of calcium N-octadecylphthalamate.
  • a mineral acid i.e., hydrochloric acid
  • the calcium salt may also be obtained by adding calcium hydroxide directly to the alkali alkylphthalamate.
  • a magnesium or barium salt may be produced by substituting Mg(OH) 2 or Ba(OH) 2 for the Ca(OH) 2 in the above neutralization scheme.
  • Neutralization of alkyl and/or alkylene phthalamic acids may be accomplished in water or in a non-aqueous solvent, such as methanol, isopropanol, or the like, by addition of a suitable base (including various amines) to obtain a pH of about 8 or 9.
  • a suitable base including various amines
  • a low-boiling, non-aqueous solvent such as methanol, isopropanol or the like may be used, with subsequent easy removal of the solvent by vacuum stripping.
  • a number of alklyphthalamates are produced from phthalic anhydride and various fatty secondary amines in accordance with the following reaction scheme: wherein R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from C 1 -C 40 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl, aryl, or R 3 -O-R 4 , groups with R 3 and R, being independently selected from C 1 - C 22 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl, and aryl groups and M is a cation selected from Na, K, NH 4 [including (CH 3 CH 2 ) 3 NH, (CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 , (HOCH 2 CH 2 ) 3 NH, (HOCH 2 CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 and similar ammonium derivatives], Ba, Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, Zr, and mixtures thereof.
  • Example II The equipment and conditions for the synthesis runs of this Example are, essentially, identical to those described in Example I above. (Except that the Dean-Stark trap may be eliminated).
  • Phthalic anhydride is a well known chemical compound and is commercially available, for example, from Stepan Company, Northfield, Illinois (the assignee of the instant invention).
  • Fatty secondary amines are likewise known and are commercially available from various sources, for example, Aldrich Chemical Company.
  • Exemplary fatty secondary amines indude: alkyl, cycloalkyl, and/or alkylene amines, such as; N-dodecyl-N-methylamine, N-tetradecyl-N-methylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-methylamine, N-octadecyl-N-methylamine, N-methyl-N-cyclohexalamine, N-coco-N-methylamine, N-tallow-N-methylamine, N,N-dicocoamine and similar linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkylene fatty secondary amines; alkaryl amines, such as; N-methyl-4-dodecylaniline, N-methyl-4-octadecylaniline, N-methyl-4-hexadecylaniline, N-methyl-4-tallowaniline, N-methyl-4-cocoaniline and similar linear or
  • Exemplary sources yielding select M cations include: NaOH, KOH, NH 4 OH, Ca(OH) 2 , Ba(OH) 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , Al[OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ] 3 , Ti(OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) 4 , Zr(OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) 4 and similar sources.
  • Phthalic anhydride (0.10 mole, 14.8g) was placed in a 500 mL reaction flask similarly configured and equipped to that described in Example 1A.
  • the phthalic anhydride was heated to a melt (131°C) and N-dodecyl-N-methylamine (0.10 mole, 19.9g) was added to the molten anhydride over a period of about 15 minutes. Heating was continued at about 131°C for about 3 hours.
  • a clear amber, viscous liquid was obtained, which was characterized by IR spectroscopy as N-dodecyl-N-methylphthalamic acid.
  • This reaction product (about 30g) was diluted with methanol (ca.
  • Phthalic anhydride (0.2 moles, 29.6g) was placed in a reaction flask configured and equipped similarly to that described above in Example IIA, heated to a melt and N, N-dicocoamine (0.2 moles, 76.6 g) was added over a relatively brief time period. Heating was continued at about 131°C for about 3 hours.
  • a liquid reaction product was obtained and characterized by IR spectroscopy as comprising essentially N,N-dicocophthalamic acid. About 30g of this acid was diluted with water (ca. 50g) and neutralized with triethanolamine to a pH of about 9. The water was then stripped-off as before and the white paste obtained was characterized by IR spectroscopy as comprising essentially triethanolammonium N,N-dicocophthalamate.
  • neutralization can occur in a non-aqueous solvent, such as methanol or isopropanol, which can then be removed after neutralization by vacuum.
  • a non-aqueous solvent such as methanol or isopropanol
  • alkylphthalamate surfactants may be produced from phthalic anhydride and various fatty primary or secondary amines in the presence of a tertiary amine in accordance with the following reaction scheme: wherein R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from H or C 1 - C 40 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl, cydic including aryl, or R 3 -O-R 4 groups, with R 3 and R4 being independently selected from C 1 - C 22 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl and aryl groups and R', R", R′′′ are independently selected from C 1 - C 40 linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, alkaryl, aryl or R 3 -O-R 4 groups, with R 3 and R 4 being
  • the above-obtained reaction product may be acidified as set forth earlier, isolated, and then neutralized with a suitable source yielding the desired cation, i.e. Na, K, Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, Ti, Zr or mixtures thereof.
  • a suitable source yielding the desired cation, i.e. Na, K, Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, Ti, Zr or mixtures thereof.
  • phthalic anhydride is commercially available from Stepan Company, Northfield, Illinois.
  • Primary and/or secondary amines are likewise known and commercially available from various sources as set forth earlier.
  • Tertiary amines are likewise commercially available.
  • Exemplary primary and secondary amines are set forth above and exemplary tertiary amines include: triethylamine, triethanolamine, trimethylamine, trimethanolamine, N,N-dimethyl cyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline and similar alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene alkaryl and aryl tertiary amines.
  • Phthalic anhydride 0.2 moles, 29.6g
  • triethylamine 0.2 moles, 20.2g
  • This mixture was stirred until a fairly uniform mixture was attained.
  • Cocoamine 0.2 moles, 40.8 g
  • the mixture was stirred for about 1 hour while the temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained at about 30°C.
  • a clear yellow liquid product was obtained, cooled to a pale yellow paste and was characterized by IR as essentially comprising triethylammonium N-cocophthalamate.
  • Example IIIA The procedure of Example IIIA above is repeated except that triethylamine and cocoamine are added substantially simultaneously to the phthalic anhydride.
  • the reaction may be quite exothermic and an ice bath may be utilized to maintain control.
  • Example IIIA The procedure of Example IIIA was, essentially, repeated, except that N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine was substituted for triethylamine and isododecyloxypropylamine was substituted for the cocoamine.
  • the final product was characterized by IR spectroscopy as comprising essentially of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylammonium N-isododecyloxypropylphthalamate.
  • Example IIIA The synthesis route of Example IIIA was, essentially, repeated, except that triethanolammonium was substituted for triethylammonium and isododecyloxypropylamine was substituted for the cocoamine.
  • the final product was characterized by IR spectroscopy as comprised essentially of triethanolammonium N-isododecyloxypropylphthalamate.
  • NEOBEE R M-5 Stepan Company's registered trademark for caprylic/capric triglyceride.
  • NEOBEE R M-20 Stepan Company's registered trademark for propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate.
  • NEOBEE R 18 Stepan Company's registered trademark for safflower oil.
  • WECOBEE R Stepan Company's registered trademark for hydrogenated vegetable oil.
  • STEOL R CS-330 Stepan Company's registered trademark for sodium laureth sulfate.
  • 8 NINOL R 40-C Stepan Company's registered trademark for N,N-diethanolcocomide.
  • AMMONYX R LO Stepan Company's registered trademark for lauralamine oxide.
  • AMPHOSOL R CG Stepan Company's registered trademark for cocamide propyl betaine.
  • 11 MAKON R Stepan Company's registered trademark for nonylphenol polyethoxylate.
  • N-alkylphthalamates were formulated into typical personal-care compositions and evaluated.
  • the effective usage level of the N-alkylphthalamates in these compositions is about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, with the preferred level of about 1.0% to about 4.0%
  • An effective pH range for these compositions is from about 6 to about 10, with a preferred pH range being between about 7.6 to about 9.5. While C 1 - C 40 chain lengths are useful, a preferred chain length is about C 8 to C 18 and a more preferred chain length was found to be C 16 , tallow (C 16 - C 18 ) and C 18 .
  • Tables VI-A through VI-C below.
  • Carbopol R materials appear unstabile in the presence of salts (electrolytes) so that when emulsion products containing such materials are applied to skin, which includes salt from perspiration or the like, the emulsion breaks and emollients and the like, in the product then quickly penetrate the skin.
  • Emulsions without Carbopol R regardless of type (anionic or nonionic), do not break down as readily when applied to skin.
  • the N-alkylphthalamates of the invention comprise excellent cosmetic emulsifiers and are water dispersable (i.e., high HLB) emulsifiers.
  • Hydrophiliclipophilic balance or HLB is a widely accepted measure of the polarity of a surfactant and of its relative affinity for aqueous or hydrocarbon media. It is generally held [see, for example, Nonionic Surfactants, edited by Schick (Marcel Dekker Inc, N.Y.
  • HLB ranges for different surface active functions are as follows:
  • the N-alkylphthalamates of the invention are characterized as being relatively high HLB emulsifiers or primary emulsifiers having an HLB value in the range of about 7 to 15, and when utilized to formulate cosmetic emulsions are combined with secondary or relatively low HLB emulsifiers, such as glyceryl stearate to produce rapidly breaking, loosely emulsified emulsions.
  • secondary or relatively low HLB emulsifiers such as glyceryl stearate to produce rapidly breaking, loosely emulsified emulsions.
  • the resulting optimal emulsions were found to exhibit excellent shelf-life stability while breaking down extremely quickly when applied to skin.
  • Table VI-D emulsion compositions containing a N-alkylphthalamate broke substantially quicker than various commercial products tested.
  • Personal care product compositions such as skin-care lotions or creams
  • surfactants of the invention exhibit excellent salt tolerance (i.e., up to about 3% of sodium chloride can be incorporated into select compositions without breaking the emulsions).
  • typical emulsion compositions exhibit excellent solvent tolerance.
  • Stabile emulsion compositions having up to 20% SD-40 alcohol and/or SD-3A alcohol have been successfully prepared.
  • N-alkylphthalamate surfactants of the invention can be incorporated into personal-care product compositions via an oil phase or a water phase.
  • Final emulsions are preferably prepared using a normal two phase hot process.
  • a wide variety of personal-care emollients such as petrolatum light, mineral oil, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic/capric triglyceride, avacado oil, sesame seed oil, safflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, lanolin AAA deodorized, acetylated lanolin, melanin, a variety of sunscreens and vitamins, etc.
  • emollients such as petrolatum light, mineral oil, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic/capric triglyceride, avacado oil, sesame seed oil, safflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, lanolin AAA deodorized, acetylated lanolin, melanin, a variety of sunscreens and vitamins, etc.
  • a relatively high HLB emulsifiers of the invention with a relatively low HLB emulsifier, such as glycerol mono-stearate and a cosmetic emollient
  • Certain industrial oily materials such as linseed oil, tall oil, soybean oil alkyd, linseed oil alkyd, various cuts of distilled petroleum oil, heavy paraffinic oil, asphaltene oil, etc., are useful in a wide variety of applications, such as in road construction, as resin binders, etc., but are extremely difficult to manipulate due to their inherent viscosity, adhesiveness, lack of spreadibility, etc. Attempts to emulsify these oily materials have met with only limited success and typically involved the use of a plurality of high HLB and low HLB emulsifiers and non-aqueous solvents which, at best, form non-stabile emulsions.
  • linseed oil is used in road constructions as a binding material prior to repairing at least certain roadways.
  • Linseed oil is an extremely sticky and heavy material and is very difficult to apply in a somewhat uniform manner.
  • linseed oil, per se, or in combination with non-aqueous solvents was loaded onto a specialized truck having a heated tank maintained at a fairly high temperature (i.e, about 90° to 100°C).
  • the tank truck included feed pipes leading to spray nozzles extended along a manifold to cover a given surface area (i.e., a road lane).
  • the heated linseed oil was pumped through the nozzles, which in some instances were also connected to separate emulsion/solvent solution storage tanks so as to briefly form an emulsion at the nozzle head. This emulsion was then sprayed onto the work surface for manual spreading. Once the linseed oil cooled down and/or the emulsion broke, the linseed oil became very difficult to spread uniformly with manual spreading tools. As will be appreciated, with this type of system, the spray nozzles tend to dog-up and are difficult to dean and workers are exposed to organic vapors and excessive heat.
  • linseed oil was readily emulsified into an aqueous system utilizing the phthalamate surfactants (a relatively high HLB emulsifier) in combination with a relatively low HLB emulsifier, such as glycerol stearates, preferably glycerol monostearate, and water.
  • a relatively high HLB emulsifier such as glycerol stearates, preferably glycerol monostearate
  • Emulsified linseed oil was stored over extended periods of time without noticeable separation. Further, emulsified linseed oil does not require high temperature for application, thereby providing an economical as well as an environmental advantage.
  • Components A, above, were charged into a heatable vessel and heated with agitation to a temperature of about 77° to 80°C.
  • Component B, above, was charged into a separate heatable vessel and also heated to about 77° to 80°C. Thereafter, component A was added to component B with agitation and continued heating for about 30 minutes or until the emulsion formed. Thereafter, agitation was continued and the emulsion was allowed to cool to about 32°C. Agitation was stopped and emulsion transferred for storage and evaluation. Emulsion stability was evaluated at about 43°C for a 1 month period, at room temperature for a 3 month period and at about 2°C for a 1 month period. In each instance, the emulsion was stabile and was easily applied onto glass slides.
  • HLB phthalamate emulsifiers of the invention can readily be emulsified by combining the relatively high HLB phthalamate emulsifiers of the invention with a relatively low HLB emulsifier, up to about 80 percent by weight of an oily material and Q.S. 100 water.

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US39118789A 1989-08-08 1989-08-08
US391187 1989-08-08
US07/542,780 US5015415A (en) 1990-06-27 1990-06-27 N,N-disubstituted phthalamic acids and their ammonium salts, and their uses thereof as surfactants, emulsifiers, and conditioning agents in shampoos
US542780 1990-06-27
PCT/EP1990/001044 WO1991001970A2 (en) 1989-08-08 1990-06-29 Cyclic amidocarboxy surfactants, synthesis and use thereof

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DE69025404D1 (de) 1996-03-28
WO1992000283A2 (en) 1992-01-09
WO1991001970A3 (en) 1992-01-09
HK1006839A1 (en) 1999-03-19
SG47901A1 (en) 1998-04-17
JPH04506538A (ja) 1992-11-12
AU6038290A (en) 1991-03-11
NO920509D0 (no) 1992-02-07
WO1991001970A2 (en) 1991-02-21
NO920509L (no) 1992-04-06
DE69025404T2 (de) 1996-07-04
WO1992000283A3 (en) 1993-01-21
EP0688601A1 (en) 1995-12-27
EP0705591A3 (en) 1996-06-26
EP0486510A1 (en) 1992-05-27
ES2085353T3 (es) 1996-06-01
FI920522A0 (fi) 1992-02-07
EP0705591A2 (en) 1996-04-10
KR927003516A (ko) 1992-12-18

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