EP0484235B1 - Window or glazed door leaf with weatherproof cladding - Google Patents

Abstract

The window or glazed-door leaf with weatherproof cladding (9) is equipped on its bottom crosspiece (transom) (3) with rapid-drainage mortices (18) and, on its uprights (cheets) (2) and its top crosspiece (transom), with cylindrical holes (19), some (19a) of which are holes emerging at the level of the outer circumference of the said leaf, the said mortices (18) and the said holes (19) all emerging at the level of the bottom of the groove (4) framing the said leaf. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a window sash, French window or the like, the framing element of which is at least partially made of wood, the sash being intended to be exposed by one of its sides to the weather, this face being covered a cover made of a waterproof material.

The framing elements for windows and French windows associated with protective covers, for example metallic, have been known for a long time. One can for example refer in this regard to US patent - A-4122633.

From a practical point of view, however, the production of window frames, French windows or the like with roll-over is not without difficulties.

It is known in fact that a frame element for windows of the conventional type, that is to say without covering, is subjected to migration of water vapor between its interior faces, arranged on the interior side of the dwelling. on the walls of which said window has been integrated, and its external faces, arranged outside of said dwelling. The partial water vapor pressure in a living room is in general much higher than the water vapor pressure outside the house, this difference in water vapor pressure causing these water vapor migrations through the wood of window frames. It should be noted, in this regard, that microporous protective paints with which wood is usually coated window frames, have the essential function of preventing the penetration of water inside said wood, but do not stop humidity in the form of water vapor.

When you cover the windows with wood, the water vapor becomes trapped in the level of said cowling and it frequently happens that the wood of the framing element locally admits humidity percentages above the threshold of 18 to 20% beyond which said wood risks deteriorating, in particular due to the condensation of water vapor and therefore excessive permanent humidification.

The object of the present invention is to overcome this major drawback.

Throughout the remainder of the text, the expression “interior faces” of the framing element is understood to mean those of the faces of said framing element which are intended to be arranged inside a dwelling and by “exterior faces”. , those intended to be exposed to the weather. The term “internal framing contour” and “external framing contour” also means the contours of said framing delimited by the walls of said framing element which are transverse with respect to said external and internal faces and which are respectively the closest and the most distant from the glazing of the panel which forms the framed element.

FR-1422702 has already been proposed a window frame element whose faces intended to be in contact with the protective cover, are provided with ventilation grooves extending around the entire periphery of said element. framing. However, this simple aeration proves to be totally insufficient to be able to serve as a means of slowing down the water vapor.

We also know from patent application DE-A-1659975 framing elements for windows, and in particular for window frames, which are crossed by recesses intended to allow partial ventilation of the wood. in which said frames are made. The frame frame is in fact made of laminated wood, the heart of the frame being of a medium quality material, while the interior and exterior faces of the frame are made of good quality wood. The outer face of the framing element is provided with a metal cover. The medium-quality wood that forms the core is provided with longitudinal ventilation grooves that pass through it in thickness. At least one transverse bore passes through said heart-shaped wood in order to put said longitudinal grooves into communication with the internal contour of the frame, this transverse bore opening out from the heart-forming wood at the level of the frame wall which delimits the frame contour. internal of it. Also, this framing element is provided on its face covered with the metal cover with longitudinal ventilation grooves which are connected by bores to the longitudinal grooves made in the medium quality wood forming the core.

The ventilation structure proposed by this patent DE-A-1659975 was mainly intended to overcome the problems posed by the conservation of medium quality wood. There is no general solution proposed to the humidification problems encountered with casement windows with a wooden frame and waterproof casing. In addition, the proposed ventilation structure is mainly intended for frame elements forming a frame, and not for opening leaves.

A ventilation structure intended for an opening leaf or a movable facade element is known from document NL-A-87.03.062. This element of movable facade comprises rebates receiving a glazing or a panel of a door. The rebates are connected with the surround of the movable facade element by means of a few holes which are made, moreover, only in the vertical uprights of these elements.

The subject of the present invention is a window sash or French window sash whose face intended to be exposed to the weather is coated a waterproof cover or covering, said leaf being provided with a ventilation structure of a new type. More particularly, this leaf is of the type without barrier, with mechanical assembly. As has been described in particular in the patents and patent applications of the applicant FR-2533253 and FR-2650854, in the case of a window sash, the glazing is supported on glazing shims arranged inside a framing groove with which said leaf is provided. Ventilation recesses distributed over the entire periphery of the leaf pass at least partially through the thickness of said leaf from the bottom of said groove to the external contour of said leaf. Some of these recesses open from said leaf at the level of said external contour. Thus, the glazing groove connects the various recesses with which the leaf is provided and therefore plays the role of a ventilation groove.

The recesses distributed over the entire periphery of the leaf have another major advantage, since they make it possible to treat the wood (for example against fungi, insects, etc.) not only superficially at the level of the faces of the element of framing and its walls which delimit the internal, external contours but also at heart. When, in fact, the framing element of the leaf in an autoclave is subjected to a conventional treatment, for example fungicide and insecticide, the wood of the framing element will be treated to the core at said recesses. The leaf will therefore have better resistance over time than the traditional type of leaves.

It is also important to note that the recesses which the invention proposes to provide with the casing framing elements for leaves are not most not directly visible. They open out from said framing element, neither at these interior faces, nor at these exterior faces, but mainly at the top and bottom crosspieces. As for the recesses made on the uprights, they are, apart from a few made possibly for example in the upper part of the uprights, blind holes. A window sash according to the invention is therefore just as aesthetic as the window sashes with cowlings known up to now.

Incidentally, in another of its aspects, the invention proposes a casing of framing elements of a much better seal than the casings of the prior art. In addition, the invention also provides, within the framework of French window with wooden panels, a framing element associated with a seal which provides a seal around its entire periphery between its framing grooves and said wooden panel, said seal having the advantage of not being visible once the assembly of the wooden panel / framing element has been carried out and offers a non-sticky seal, consequently allowing the disassembly of said framing element, for example for the possible replacement of a glass broken or a damaged part of the French window which is associated with said framing element.

The present invention therefore relates to a window sash, French window or the like, the framing element of which is at least partially made of wood, said sash being intended to be exposed by one of its sides to bad weather, the other side being intended to be placed inside a dwelling, the faces of the framing element intended to be exposed to the weather being covered with a cover made of a waterproof material, said element frame being provided over its entire inner periphery with a continuous groove receiving the glazing or the panel of the leaf, the external contour of the panel or glazing of said leaf defining with said groove and the bottom of said groove a ventilation channel, and of recesses distributed over its entire contour and which cross it from the bottom of said groove to the walls of said framing element which delimit its external contour, the lower cross member of said leaf being provided with mortises of rapid drainage, extending at an angle from the bottom of the framing groove to the walls which delimit the external contour of said framing element, opening at the level of said external contour towards the cowling which is associated with said framing element.

• le contour externe du panneau ou du vitrage dudit vantail définit avec ladite rainure et le fond de ladite rainure un canal de ventilation mettant en communication les évidements débouchant au niveau dudit fond;
• ledit vantail est du type sans pare-close à assemblage mécanique;
• la traverse basse dudit vantail est munie de mortaises de drainage rapide;
• une mortaise s'étend en biais du fond de la rainure d'encadrement jusqu'aux parois qui délimitent le contour externe dudit élément d'encadrement, ladite mortaise débouchant au niveau dudit contour externe vers le capotage qui est associé audit élément d'encadrement;
• les montants sont munis de trous borgnes traversant lesdits montants sur sensiblement toute leur épaisseur du fond de la rainure d'encadrement jusque vers le contour externe d'encadrement;
• les montants sont munis de trous débouchants qui traversent lesdits montants dans leur épaisseur du fond de la rainure d'encadrement jusqu'au niveau du contour externe de l'élément d'encadrement;
• un montant est muni principalement de trous borgnes et comprend au moins un trou débouchant disposé vers la traverse haute de l'élément d'encadrement;
• un trou est de forme sensiblement cylindrique;
• un tel trou s'étend dans un montant avec un axe dans le plan médian du vantail et sensiblement perpendiculaire au contour de l'élément d'encadrement;
• les traverses étant assemblées mécaniquement aux montants, les éléments d'assemblage mécaniques comportent une douille cylindrique creuse à filetage externe s'étendant au moins partiellement dans l'épaisseur du montant et traversée en son intérieur par le corps d'une vis munie d'un filetage externe coopérant avec le filetage intérieur d'un insert disposé à l'intérieur de la traverse, le filetage externe de ladite douille étant en prise avec les fibres de bois dudit montant, la tête de ladite vis étant en appui, éventuellement par au moins une rondelle interposée, sur une surface du contour externe du montant;
• dans le cas d'un vantail de porte-fenêtre, l'élément d'encadrement est associé à un panneau en bois muni d'un joint d'étanchéité encastré principalement dans un évidement ménagé dans l'épaisseur dudit panneau en bois et dont une partie en saillie par rapport audit évidement est intercalée entre le flanc intérieur d'une feuillure dudit élément d'encadrement et ledit panneau en bois;
• les traverses et les montants sont assemblés de façon qu'une traverse soit en appui sur un montant au niveau de chacune de ses extrémités, chaque montant et traverse étant associés à une feuille de capotage qui lui est solidarisée par clipsage, une feuille de capotage associée à une traverse comportant à chacune de ses extrémités une languette rabattue sur un des bords d'extrémité de ladite traverse et épousant la forme de la feuille du capotage du montant auquel elle est associée au niveau de cette extrémité, avec interposition du joint d'étanchéité entre lesdites feuilles de capotage.

This leaf will advantageously be supplemented by the following characteristics taken alone or in all their technically possible combinations:

• the outer contour of the panel or glazing of said leaf defines with said groove and the bottom of said groove a ventilation channel bringing into communication the recesses opening out at said bottom;
• said leaf is of the type without a mechanical enclosed barrier;
• the lower cross member of said leaf is provided with rapid drainage mortises;
• a mortise extends obliquely from the bottom of the framing groove to the walls which delimit the external contour of said framing element, said mortise opening at said external contour towards the cowling which is associated with said framing element;
• the uprights are provided with blind holes passing through said uprights over substantially their entire thickness from the bottom of the framing groove to the external framing contour;
• the uprights are provided with through holes which pass through said uprights in their thickness from the bottom of the framing groove to the level of the external contour of the framing element;
• an upright is mainly provided with blind holes and comprises at least one through hole arranged towards the upper crosspiece of the framing element;
• a hole is of substantially cylindrical shape;
• such a hole extends in an upright with an axis in the median plane of the leaf and substantially perpendicular to the contour of the framing element;
• the crosspieces being mechanically assembled to the uprights, the mechanical assembly elements comprise a hollow cylindrical sleeve with external thread extending at least partially in the thickness of the upright and traversed inside by the body of a screw provided with a external thread cooperating with the internal thread of an insert disposed inside the cross member, the external thread of said socket being engaged with the wood fibers of said upright, the head of said screw being in abutment, possibly by at least an interposed washer, on a surface of the external contour of the upright;
• in the case of a window door leaf, the framing element is associated with a wooden panel provided with a gasket embedded mainly in a recess formed in the thickness of said wooden panel and one of which part projecting from said recess is interposed between the inner flank of a rebate of said frame member and said wooden panel;
• the crosspieces and the uprights are assembled so that a crosspiece is supported on an upright at each of its ends, each upright and crosspiece being associated with a cover sheet which is secured to it by clipping, a sheet of cowling associated with a cross member comprising at each of its ends a tongue folded over one of the end edges of said cross member and conforming to the shape of the sheet of the cowling of the upright with which it is associated at this end, with interposition of the gasket sealing between said cover sheets.

• La Figure 1 est une vue en perspective avec arraché d'un vantail de fenêtre conforme à l'invention.
• La Figure 2 est une vue de face d'un angle dudit vantail de fenêtre.
• La Figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne III-III de la Figure 2.
• La Figure 4 est une vue de dessus avec arraché d'un montant dudit vantail.
• La Figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne V-V de la Figure 4.
• La Figure 6 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne VI-VI de la Figure 2 illustrant l'assemblage mécanique entre le montant et la traverse réalisant l'angle de ladite Figure 2.
• La Figure 7 est une vue en coupe d'un détail de porte-fenêtre à panneau en bois associée à un élément d'encadrement conforme à l'invention.

The following descriptions of several embodiments of the invention are purely illustrative and not limiting. They must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:

• Figure 1 is a perspective view with cutaway of a window sash according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a front view of a corner of said window sash.
• Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2.
• Figure 4 is a top view with cutaway of an amount of said leaf.
• Figure 5 is a sectional view along line VV of Figure 4.
• FIG. 6 is a sectional view along line VI-VI of FIG. 2 illustrating the mechanical assembly between the upright and the cross member forming the angle of said FIG. 2.
• Figure 7 is a sectional view of a detail of a French window wooden panel associated with a framing element according to the invention.

We mainly refer to Figures 1 to 3. The window sash which is shown essentially comprises a framing support 1 associated with a glass pane V. This framing support consists of two uprights 2 and two crosspieces 3 assembled together mechanically as will be described more far with reference to Figure 6. The cross members 3 abut at their ends against the uprights 2, the upright 2 and the cross member 3 shown in Figure 2 together forming a right angle referenced by A.

The framing support 1 is provided on its inner periphery with a continuous groove 4 in which the glazing V is housed. This groove 4 is delimited on each upright 2 and passes through 3 by the sides of two cheeks of grooves 5 and 6 opposite. The groove cheek 5 is intended to be placed, once the entire leaf has been put in place in its frame, on the side of the window which is outside the house and which is therefore exposed to the weather. The groove cheek 6 is intended to be arranged on the inside of the window. This groove cheek 6 is extended on the side of the leaf opposite to the glazing V by an abutment rebate 7 having substantially the same thickness and intended to come into abutment, by its substantially flat face forming a heel directed towards the outside of the window, on a complementary wall of the door frame 1.

As can be seen more particularly in Figure 3, the groove 4 is provided on its inside with two internal shoulders 5a, 6a disposed on each of the two sides 5 and 6 towards the bottom 4a of said groove 4. These two shoulders 5a, 6a serve to support wedges for adjusting the squareness C on which the glazing V comes to bear. Between said glazing V and the side of the cheek 6 is disposed a glazing joint J which advantageously extends over the entire length of the groove 4 by resting on a shoulder 6b with which said cheek 6 is provided between the shoulder 6a and the end of said cheek 6 which delimits the internal framing contour.

The faces of the frame which are intended to be exposed to the weather are coated with a cover 9 having both protective and decorative functions. Each cross member 3 and amount 2 is associated for this purpose with a profiled aluminum sheet, respectively referenced by 10 and 11. These sheets 10 and 11 each extend respectively over the entire length of the amount 2 or the cross member 3 to which they are associated by clipping, on the one hand, on a projecting edge 12 which is provided with the frame 1 over its entire outer framing periphery at the level of the overlapping rebate 16, which is the wall which delimits, with the heel 7 the outer contour of the framing element 1 and, on the other hand, on the groove cheeks 5.

Reference is now made more particularly to FIGS. 1 to 5. The framing element 1 is associated with means 15 intended to slow down and even stop the migration of water vapor between its interior and exterior faces.

These means 15 comprise, for example, mortises 18 which are formed in the mass of said cross member 3 between the face of said cross member which is intended to be disposed inside the dwelling and the cowling 9, extending across the bottom 4a of the groove 4 up to the overlapping rebate 16, towards the edge 12 for clipping the cowling 9. Said mortises 18 extend over at least 60% of the length of the bottom cross member 3.

These means 15 also comprise regularly distributed over the uprights 2 of the leaf of the cylindrical holes 19 extending in the thickness of the said leaf from the bottom 4a of the groove 4 as far as the outer framing contour of the leaf. The axes of these holes 10 extend perpendicularly by relative to the periphery contours of the framing element 1, in the median plane of the leaf. Said holes 19 are mostly blind holes. However, we will have provided the upper part of the uprights 2 with through holes 19a so as to ensure with the mortises 18, which allow rapid drainage of moisture, and with the channel defined between the bottom 4a of the groove 4 and the walls of the external contour of the glazing 5 opposite, the circulation of air and water vapor in all of the recesses formed around said leaf. Such cylindrical holes can also be arranged on the upper crossmember. These different cylindrical holes 19 and 19a are 9 mm in diameter and are distributed over the uprights and the top crosspiece with a center distance between two successive holes 19, 19a of 10 cm. The stop thickness between the bottom of the blind holes 19 and the outer contour of the leaf is 3 to 4 mm.

Reference is made more particularly to FIG. 6 which illustrates the mechanical assembly of an upright 2 and a cross member of the leaf shown in FIGS. 1 to 5. The cross member 3 which is shown is terminated at its end by a tab 7a projecting extending the central part of said cross member 3, this tab 7a being intended to fit in a complementary manner in the groove 4 at the angle A. The seal 8 is interposed at the level of the tab 7a between the cross member 3 and the upright 2. This seal has a substantially U shape with extended edges and follows the shape of the groove 4 and the cheeks of grooves 4 and 5. The upright 3 is traversed by a threaded metal bush 21 the thread of which engages the wood of the upright This bushing 21 itself receives inside a screw 22 whose head 23 is supported, by means of a flat washer 24a and a frustoconical washer 24b, on the outer periphery of the upright and the end opposite to said head 23 is threaded, this thread cooperating with the internal thread of a traction insert 25 disposed in a recess which is fitted with the crosspiece.

It can also be seen in this FIG. 6 that the aluminum sheet 10 associated with the cross-member 3 ends at each of its ends by which said cross-member is in abutment on the uprights 2, by a tongue 13 which folds down on the skirt 14 which substantially extends the face of the cross member 3 which is exposed to the weather and which is intended, once said cross member 3 assembled on a post 2 at this end, to laterally border the cheek of groove 5 of said post 2. Between this skirt 14 and the groove cheek 5 are interposed the tongue 13, an edge of the seal 8 and the part of the cover sheet 11 which covers said groove cheek 5, the edge 8 itself being interposed between said tongue 13 and said part of the sheet 11 which covers the cheek of the groove 5, thus achieving a perfect seal between the different sheets of the cowling.

FIG. 7 also shows a detail of the window door leaf according to the invention in which the framing element 30 is associated with a wooden panel 31 mounted in the groove 4 of said framing element 30. This framing element is provided with means 15 which are for example mortises extending from the bottom of the groove 4 to the overlapping rebate 16, at the level of the bottom cross member of said French window. This wooden panel is advantageously associated with a seal 33 whose main body is housed in a recess 32 formed in the thickness of the panel in wood 31 opposite the bottom of the groove 4 of the framing element 30, this joint 33 comprising a main tongue 34 which comes to be interposed between the wooden panel 31 and the inner flank of the rebate 35 which is that of two rebates of the frame element which is on the inside of the house.

• . Climat chaud et humide, 75% d'humidité, (23°C poids d'eau de 13 g par m³ d'air)
• . Climat froid à 3°C et 80% d'humidité (poids d'eau de 3g m³ d'air)

que l'humidité du bois restait inférieure à 16% en tous points, même entre les trous de ventilation, car le sens préférentiel de circulation des molécules d'eau dans les fibres de bois de fil les fait, dans tous les cas, se diriger vers les trous de ventilation.It has been established by convincing tests on test pieces exposed between two different climates for 12 weeks,

• . Hot and humid climate, 75% humidity, (23 ° C weight of water 13 g per m³ of air)
• . Cold climate at 3 ° C and 80% humidity (weight of water 3g m³ of air)

that the humidity of the wood remained below 16% in all points, even between the ventilation holes, because the preferential direction of circulation of the water molecules in the wood fibers of the yarn makes them, in all cases, move towards the ventilation holes.

The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics mentioned in the claims, have the sole purpose of facilitating the understanding of the latter, and in no way limit their scope.

Claims (11)

1. Window, glazed door leaf or similar whose framing element (1) is at least partially made of wood, whereby the one side of the said leaf is designed for being exposed to weather conditions, and the other side for being installed inside a lodging, whereas the surfaces of the framing element designed for being exposed to weather conditions with a cladding (9) made of a waterproof material, the said framing element (1) being fitted over its whole inner periphery with a continuous groove (4) accommodating the glazing (V) or the panel (31) of the leaf, the outer contour of the panel (31) or of the glazing (V) of the said leaf describing with the said groove (4) and the bottom (4a) of the said groove a vent duct, as well as recesses (18, 19a) spread over its whole contour and which go through it from the bottom (4a) of the said groove (4) to the walls of the said framing element (1) which limit its outer contour, whereby the lower traverse (3) of the said leaf is fitted with quick-drain mortices (18) stretching crosswise from the framing groove (4) to the walls limiting the outer contour of the said framing element (1), ending at the level of the said outer contour towards the cladding (9) which is associated with the said framing element (1).
2. Leaf according to claim 1 characterised in that it is fitted with blind recesses (19) distributed over its whole contour and stretching from the bottom (4a) of the said groove (4) at least to a point close to the walls of the said framing element (1) which limit its outer contour, without ending at the level of the said outer contour.
3. Leaf according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the vent duct enables the connection of the blind recesses (19) with the recesses (18, 19) ending at the level of the said bottom (4a).
4. Leaf according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it does not contain any closing protection devices with mechanical assembly.
5. Leaf according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the stands (2) are fitted with blind holes (19) going through the stands (2) more or less over their whole thickness from the bottom (4a) of the framing groove (4) to a point close to the outer framing contour.
6. Leaf according to claim 5, characterised in that a leaf (2) is fitted mainly with blind holes (19) and comprises at least one ending hole (19a) directed towards the upper traverse of the framing element and which goes through the said stand (2) in its thickness from the bottom (4a) of the framing groove (4) to the level of the outer contour of the framing element (1).
7. Leaf according to one of the claims 5 and 6, characterised in that one hole (19, 19a) is more or less cylindrical in shape.
8. Leaf according to claim 7, characterised in that such a hole (19, 19a) lies in a stand (2) with one axis in the middle plane of the leaf and more or less perpendicular to the contour of the framing element (1).
9. Leaf according to any of the previous claims, whose traverses (3) are assembled mechanically to the stands (2), characterised in that the mechanical assembly elements comprise a hollow cylindrical socket (21) with an outer thread stretching at least partially in the thickness of the stand (2) and penetrated in its inner part by the body of a screw (22) fitted with an outer thread working together with the inner thread of an insert (25) arranged inside the traverse (3), whereby the outer thread of the said socket (21) which is in attack into the wooden fibres of the said stand (2), the head of the said screw bearing, possibly, by at least one or two interposed washers such as a flat washer (24a) associated with a sectional washer (24b), on one surface of the outer contour of the stand (2).
10. Glazed door leaf according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the framing element (1) is associated with a wooden panel (31) fitted with a leakproof joint (33) mainly embedded in a recess (32) arranged in the thickness of said wooden panel (31) and whole protruding section (34) with respect to the said recess (32) is interjected between the inner flank of a rabbet (35) of the said framing element and the said wooden panel (31).
11. Leaf according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that its traverses (3) and its stands (2) are assembled in such a way that a traverse (3) bears on a stand (2) at the level of each one of its ends, whereby each stand (2) and each traverse (3) are associated with a cladding leaf (10, 11) clipped onto it rigidly, a cladding leaf (11) associated with a traverse (3) comprising at each of its ends a lug (13) bent over one of the end rims of the said traverse and hugging the shape of the cladding leaf (10) of the stand (2) with which it is associated at the level of this end, with interposition of a leakproof joint (8) between the said cladding leaves.

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