EP0481953B1 - Fibres de polyimide, retardant la flamme et résistant à haute température, et procédé pour leur fabrication - Google Patents

Fibres de polyimide, retardant la flamme et résistant à haute température, et procédé pour leur fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0481953B1
EP0481953B1 EP91890235A EP91890235A EP0481953B1 EP 0481953 B1 EP0481953 B1 EP 0481953B1 EP 91890235 A EP91890235 A EP 91890235A EP 91890235 A EP91890235 A EP 91890235A EP 0481953 B1 EP0481953 B1 EP 0481953B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibres
polyimide
raw
temperature
washed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91890235A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0481953A2 (fr
EP0481953A3 (en
Inventor
Claus Schobesberger
Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Weinrotter
Herbert Dr. Griesser
Sigrid Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Seidl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IMI-TECH FIBRES GMBH
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IMI-Tech Fibres GmbH
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/74—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section

Definitions

  • the invention relates to flame-retardant, high-temperature-resistant polyimide fibers and to a process for their production.
  • Aromatic polyimide fibers include renowned starting materials for the production of heat-resistant fabrics because of their pronounced thermal stability and their flame retardancy.
  • the manufacture of such fibers is e.g. known from US-PS 3,985,934.
  • the polyimide itself is e.g. obtained by reaction of benzophenone-3,3 ', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) and 2,4- or 2,6-tolyl diisocyanate; the fibers are produced in particular by wet spinning.
  • Another process for the production of aromatic polyimide fibers is known from AT-B 377.016.
  • raw fibers are first spun from a solution of the corresponding polyimide in an aprotic organic solvent according to the dry spinning method, the raw fibers obtained are washed with water to remove solvent, the washed raw fibers are dried, a heat treatment at a temperature between 315 ° C. and 450 ° C subjected to, stretched during the heat treatment, then cooled and optionally crimped and cut into staple fibers.
  • Thermal shrinkage can occur in various applications such as insulating mats, conveyor belt pads and fire blankets that are exposed to high temperatures with peak values above the glass transition point of the polyimide fibers. This means that further use of the product is usually no longer possible or consequential damage caused by changes to the product cannot be excluded.
  • the object of the invention is to expand the area of application for polyimide fibers in this regard and to provide flame-resistant, high-temperature-resistant polyimide fibers which have low thermal shrinkage even at high temperatures.
  • This object is achieved by chamfering from a polyimide of the general formula wherein n is an integer greater than 1, A is a four-membered aromatic group selected from where X is CO, CH 2 , 0, S, CF 2 , and R is at least one of the following divalent aromatic groups selected from which polyimide fibers are heat-treated in the undrawn state and have a maximum shrinkage of 14% when heated to a temperature of 400 ° C.
  • a preferred embodiment of the polyimide fibers according to the invention is characterized in that the polyimide fibers contain additives, preferably dyes, carbon black, polytetrafluoroethylene or mica.
  • the polyimide fibers according to the invention are produced in a modification of the process described in AT-B - 377.016 by first spinning raw fibers from a solution of the corresponding polyimide in an aprotic organic solvent, preferably using the dry spinning method, which solution optionally contains additives, the raw fibers obtained for removal washed by solvent with water, the washed raw fibers are dried to a moisture content of less than 5%, subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature between 315 ° C and 450 ° C, cooled and optionally crimped and cut into staple fibers, the process according to the invention is characterized in that the raw fibers are undrawn be heat treated and cooled. The solvent is washed out at a temperature between 80 and 100 ° C, the drying between 120 and 300 ° C.
  • a preferred variant of this process is characterized in that the raw fibers are allowed to shrink ("relax") during the heat treatment up to 20% of their length, preferably between 15 and 20%.
  • the polyimide fibers produced in this way not only have low thermal shrinkage, but also high strength. This is surprising in that high-temperature stretching and no high-temperature shrinkage are usually used for synthetic fibers in order to increase the fiber strength.
  • the washed raw fibers at a speed between 2 and 20 m / min to a system comprising a dryer and a heating device and from this system subtract a speed between 1.6 and 20 m / min, wherein the raw fibers in the heating device are preferably heated to a temperature between 330 ° C and 390 ° C.
  • the dryer can be designed as a screen drum or a calender dryer. Heated rollers, heating tables or convection ovens have proven particularly useful as heating devices.
  • the heat treatment can be carried out in one or more stages.
  • the washed raw fibers can be pre-treated in a known manner before drying with a commercially available antistatic agent and after-treated after the heat treatment.
  • the polyimide fibers according to the invention When heated to 250 ° C., the polyimide fibers according to the invention have a thermal shrinkage of less than 1% of their length. They shrink by a maximum of 2% and up to 280 ° C 320 ° C maximum by 10%. The fibers also have excellent thermal stability and withstand temperatures up to 310 ° C in the long term. Furthermore, they are stretchable between 70 and 160%, so that they have a very wide working range. Your LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index) according to ASTM D-2863 is over 36% O 2 . The fibers are infusible; the decomposition point is above 450 ° C.
  • the raw fibers can be produced either by the wet or by the dry spinning method.
  • the raw fibers described in the examples were spun dry.
  • the raw fibers can be produced by the dry spinning process described in AT-B-377.016.
  • polyimide of the general formula (I) in which R partly denotes a 4,4'-bisphenylmethylene group and partly a 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene group, is dissolved in dimethylformamide.
  • the mixture is then transferred to a spinning solution by heating to 60 ° C., degassed using a negative pressure, filtered and fed to the spinning head of a dry spinning shaft via a gear pump.
  • the spinning takes place via a perforated nozzle; the hole shape is circular.
  • the spinning material (“raw fiber”) is collected on bobbins. In this way, raw fibers with different titers can be produced.
  • a filament fiber bundle produced by the dry spinning process with a single filament titer of 1.4 dtex was washed with water at 97 ° C., pravived, then passed at 20 m / min over a sieve drum dryer at 210 ° C and dried to a residual moisture of ⁇ 1%.
  • the cable tape was then passed over a heating roller, heated to 330 ° C., drawn off at 16 m / min, crimped and cut into staple fibers.
  • a filament fiber bundle produced by the dry spinning process with a single filament titer of 2.2 dtex was washed with water at 96 ° C., pravived, then passed at 2 m / min over a sieve drum dryer at 120 ° C. and dried to a residual moisture content of ⁇ 1%.
  • the cable tape was then passed over a heating roller, heated to 315 ° C., drawn off at 2 m / min, crimped and cut into staple fibers.
  • a filament fiber bundle with a single filament titer of 6.6 dtex produced by the dry spinning process was washed with water at 80 ° C., pravived, then passed at 10 m / min over a sieve drum dryer at 300 ° C. and dried to a residual moisture content of ⁇ 1%.
  • the cable tape was then passed over a heating roller, heated to 390 ° C., drawn off at 8 m / min, crimped and cut into staple fibers.
  • a filament fiber bundle produced by the dry spinning process with a single filament titer of 10.6 dtex was washed with water at 98 ° C., pravived, then passed at 15 m / min over a sieve drum dryer at 280 ° C. and dried to a residual moisture content of ⁇ 1%.
  • the cable tape was then passed over a heating roller, heated to 350 ° C., drawn off at 12 m / min, crimped and cut into staple fibers.
  • a filament fiber bundle with a single filament titer of 5.8 dtex produced by the dry spinning process was washed with water at 95 ° C., pravived, then passed at 20 m / min over a sieve drum dryer at 170 ° C. and dried to a residual moisture content of ⁇ 1%.
  • the cable tape was then passed over heating rollers at 450 ° C., pulled off at 17 m / min and wound up.
  • a filament fiber bundle produced by the dry spinning process with a single filament titer of 2.2 dtex was washed with water at 80 ° C., pravived, then passed at 15 m / min over a sieve drum dryer at 210 ° C. and dried to a residual moisture content of ⁇ 1%.
  • the cable band was then passed over heating rollers at 400 ° C., pulled off at 13 m / min and wound up.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Fibres à haute résistance thermique difficilement inflammables en polyimide de formule générale :
    Figure imgb0018
     dans laquelle n est un entier supérieur à 1, A représente un groupement aromatique tétravalent choisi parmi :
    Figure imgb0019
    Figure imgb0020
     où X représente CO, CH2, O, S, CF2, et
    R représente au moins l'un des groupements aromatiques divalents suivants, choisi parmi:
    Figure imgb0021
    Figure imgb0022
     lesquelles fibres de polyimide sont traitées thermiquement à l'état non étiré et possèdent un retrait d'au maximum 14 % lors du chauffage à une température de 400°C, et peuvent être obtenues selon un procédé selon la revendication 3.
  2. Fibres de polyimide selon la revendication 1, caractérisées en ce qu'elles contiennent des additifs, de préférence des colorants, du noir de fumée, du polytétrafluoroéthylène ou du mica.
  3. Procédé de production de fibres de polyimide selon la revendication 1 ou 2, où les fibres brutes provenant d'une solution du polyimide correspondant dans un solvant organique aprotique sont d'abord filées, de préférence selon le procédé de filage à sec, laquelle solution contient le cas échéant des additifs, les fibres brutes obtenues sont lavées avec de l'eau pour éliminer le solvant, les fibres brutes lavées sont séchées jusqu'à une humidité de moins de 5 % en masse, sont soumises à un traitement thermique à une température comprise entre 315°C et 450°C, refroidies et le cas échéant frisées et tranchées en fibres coupées, caractérisé en ce que les fibres brutes sont traitées thermiquement et refroidies à l'état non étiré.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait rétrécir les fibres brutes pendant le traitement thermique jusqu'à 20 % de leur longueur, de préférence jusqu'à 15 à 20 %.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les fibres brutes lavées sont acheminées à une installation comprenant un séchoir et un dispositif de chauffage à une vitesse comprise entre 2 et 20 m/min et sont retirées de l'installation à une vitesse comprise entre 1,6 et 20 m/min, étant entendu que les fibres brutes sont chauffées dans le dispositif de chauffage de préférence à une température comprise entre 330°C et 390°C.
EP91890235A 1990-10-15 1991-10-07 Fibres de polyimide, retardant la flamme et résistant à haute température, et procédé pour leur fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0481953B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0207790A AT395178B (de) 1990-10-15 1990-10-15 Schwer entflammbare, hochtemperaturbestaendige polyimidfasern, sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
AT2077/90 1990-10-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0481953A2 EP0481953A2 (fr) 1992-04-22
EP0481953A3 EP0481953A3 (en) 1992-10-14
EP0481953B1 true EP0481953B1 (fr) 1997-07-16

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EP91890235A Expired - Lifetime EP0481953B1 (fr) 1990-10-15 1991-10-07 Fibres de polyimide, retardant la flamme et résistant à haute température, et procédé pour leur fabrication

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5384390A (fr)
EP (1) EP0481953B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04257315A (fr)
AT (2) AT395178B (fr)
DE (1) DE59108782D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2283242B (en) * 1993-10-28 1998-01-14 Kobe Steel Europ Ltd Polyimides
US6610242B1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2003-08-26 Malcolm Swanson Method for treating polymeric fiber mats and for making filters from such treated fiber mats
JP2005133260A (ja) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-26 Unitika Ltd 複合紙状物
WO2009054349A1 (fr) 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Kaneka Corporation Masse de fibres de polyimide, matériau absorbant les sons, matériau d'isolation thermique, nappe ignifuge, tissu de filtre, vêtement résistant à la chaleur, tissu non-tissé, matériau d'isolation thermique/absorbant les sons pour avion, et filtre de sac résistant à la chaleur
CN110080002B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2021-11-05 江苏先诺新材料科技有限公司 一种耐高温耐摩擦型聚酰亚胺盘根及其制备方法
DE202020003237U1 (de) * 2019-07-23 2020-08-27 Evonik Fibres Gmbh Polyimidfasern für die Heißgasfiltration
CN111206305B (zh) * 2020-02-26 2021-11-05 江苏奥神新材料股份有限公司 一种用于聚酰亚胺初生丝废丝环化的装备及环化方法

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4016236A (en) * 1974-05-15 1977-04-05 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for manufacturing aromatic polymer fibers
US3985934A (en) * 1974-07-26 1976-10-12 The Upjohn Company Polyimide fiber having a serrated surface and a process of producing same
US4238538A (en) * 1978-12-21 1980-12-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method of and apparatus for ram-extrusion of aromatic polyimide and polyamide resins, and shaped articles formed using such method and apparatus
JPS56159314A (en) * 1980-05-09 1981-12-08 Ube Ind Ltd Preparation of polyimide fiber
US4383105A (en) * 1981-12-28 1983-05-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyimide-esters and filaments
AT377016B (de) * 1983-03-09 1985-01-25 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von schwer entflammbaren, hochtemperaturbestaendigen polyimidfasern
JPS6238207A (ja) * 1985-08-09 1987-02-19 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol ポリイミド中空糸の製法
JP2516340B2 (ja) * 1986-07-18 1996-07-24 保土谷化学工業株式会社 トリハロゲノベンゼン異性体の分離方法
US4912858A (en) * 1987-06-29 1990-04-03 Hideto Mochizuki Footwear
AT392280B (de) * 1989-02-15 1991-02-25 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von neuen, schwer entflammbaren, thermostabilen homopolyimiden, homopolyimiden, formkoerper und fasern daraus
JPH02296724A (ja) * 1989-05-12 1990-12-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 薄膜超電導体の製造方法
JPH03119139A (ja) * 1989-09-28 1991-05-21 Kuraray Co Ltd 防炎・耐熱性布帛

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0481953A2 (fr) 1992-04-22
JPH04257315A (ja) 1992-09-11
AT395178B (de) 1992-10-12
ATE155536T1 (de) 1997-08-15
US5384390A (en) 1995-01-24
ATA207790A (de) 1992-02-15
DE59108782D1 (de) 1997-08-21
EP0481953A3 (en) 1992-10-14

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