EP0457417B1 - Brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0457417B1
EP0457417B1 EP91250129A EP91250129A EP0457417B1 EP 0457417 B1 EP0457417 B1 EP 0457417B1 EP 91250129 A EP91250129 A EP 91250129A EP 91250129 A EP91250129 A EP 91250129A EP 0457417 B1 EP0457417 B1 EP 0457417B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
outlet
flue gas
core
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91250129A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0457417A2 (fr
EP0457417A3 (en
Inventor
Uwe Dr.-Ing. Wiedmann
Jan Dipl.-Ing. Dycka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koerting Hannover GmbH
Original Assignee
Koerting Hannover GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koerting Hannover GmbH filed Critical Koerting Hannover GmbH
Publication of EP0457417A2 publication Critical patent/EP0457417A2/fr
Publication of EP0457417A3 publication Critical patent/EP0457417A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0457417B1 publication Critical patent/EP0457417B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
    • F23L5/04—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire by induction of air for combustion, e.g. using steam jet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/09002—Specific devices inducing or forcing flue gas recirculation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for gaseous, liquid or for gaseous and liquid fuel with a core air supply tube for supplying core air as the first combustion air component, with an annular second outlet for primary air surrounding the core air supply tube as the second combustion air component, and with one the second Outlet surrounding annular third outlet for secondary air as a third portion of combustion air, the outlet of the gaseous fuel also being annular to the central core air flow so that a first part of the gaseous fuel inside the burner can be introduced into the primary air flow and the second remaining part of the gaseous fuel into the secondary air flow is, the supplied quantities of core air and primary air on the one hand and of secondary air on the other hand can be set independently of one another, and the setting of the air flow quantities and the distribution of the fuel Open quantities are such that the primary air / fuel mixture emerging from the second outlet together with the core air is substoichiometric and the secondary air / fuel mixture emerging from the third outlet is overstoichiometric, a front end of a flue gas recirculation
  • a burner of the type described above is known from its own patent application DE-OS 38 07 214. With this burner, the fuel is burned in two zones. In the first zone of the flame there is a so-called premixed flame, which has a high excess fuel, i.e. burns with a lack of air, so that the nitrogen oxide formation is greatly reduced in this zone, while the burnout then takes place in the second zone, which is supplied with the mixture of secondary air and residual fuel, in which the flame has cooled further and in which the burnout takes place with excess air, which also reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • premixed flame which has a high excess fuel, i.e. burns with a lack of air, so that the nitrogen oxide formation is greatly reduced in this zone, while the burnout then takes place in the second zone, which is supplied with the mixture of secondary air and residual fuel, in which the flame has cooled further and in which the burnout takes place with excess air, which also reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • a further reduction in the NO x values is achieved by returning flue gas to the flame.
  • a flue gas return pipe opens into the rear end of the core air supply pipe of the burner, so that an annular gap is formed in the manner of an injector.
  • the way the primary air / gas mixture and core air are fed creates a two-stage injector, the effect of which is that smoke gases are sucked back independently by the burner.
  • the addition of the relatively cool, low-oxygen flue gas to the core air increases the NO x reduction for the substoichiometric flame zone.
  • this effect is limited due to the small pressure difference between the place of extraction and the place of supply of the flue gas, since only a small flue gas volume flow is sucked back.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to achieve a further reduction in the NO x values in the exhaust gas in burners of the type mentioned at the outset.
  • this object is achieved in that a steam jet injector is integrated in the flue gas return pipe.
  • the housing 1 of the burner 2 shown in FIG. 1 contains a combustion air supply 3 and a gas supply 4.
  • the air supply 3 opens into a distributor 5.
  • the core air supply pipe 8 is introduced via the chamber 6 and a control flap 7 first combustion air portion and the annular gap 9, on the other hand, primary air is supplied as the second combustion air portion, the supply to the annular gap 9 taking place via a swirl device 10.
  • the annular gap 9 forms with the front end of the core air supply pipe 8 an annular nozzle 11, from which the primary air converges into the combustion chamber.
  • secondary air as the third combustion air component is also passed convergingly into the combustion chamber through control flaps 13 via a guide grille 14 and a swirl device 15 via an annular nozzle 16.
  • the ring nozzle 16 surrounds the ring nozzle 11 on a larger diameter and is located upstream of the ring nozzle 11.
  • the gas supply 4 opens into a chamber 17 which has passages 18 to the annular gap 9 and passages 19 to the annular space in front of the annular nozzle 16, so that part of the gas is mixed with the primary air flow and the remaining part of the gas with the secondary air flow.
  • the setting of the air quantities and the distribution of the gas quantity is now carried out in such a way that the mixture of primary air and gas emerging from the ring nozzle 11 has an excess of gas together with the core air, and that the mixture of secondary air and gas has an excess of air, the regulation being dependent on the load , so that core and primary air form the predominant combustion air component in the lower load range and the secondary air form the predominant combustion air component in the upper load range of the burner.
  • the gas / air mixture which flows out of the ring nozzle 11 forms the first flame zone in which the ignition takes place, but in which only a pre-combustion takes place because of the excess gas.
  • the swirling of the primary air leads behind the ring nozzle 11 to a negative pressure and thus to an internal backflow, which returns unburned fuel components to the flame root.
  • the mixture of gas and secondary air emerging from the annular nozzle 16 forms the second flame zone, as a result of which an external backflow occurs, which stabilizes the flame.
  • a conical blocking surface 20 between the ring nozzles 11 and 16 ensures flame stabilization.
  • the substoichiometric combustion in the first zone on the one hand and the superstoichiometric combustion with the flame that has already cooled in the second zone on the other hand result in a strong reduction in the NOx values in the exhaust gas.
  • the swirling of the primary air in front of the core air supply pipe 8 creates a negative pressure which not only causes the internal backflow within the flame, but also exerts a suction effect on the core air, the suction effect being all the greater, the less the primary air / gas mixture is made convergent.
  • This negative pressure is now increased by the fact that the core air is directed by forming an injector at the inlet of the feed pipe 8. The suction effect is so great that it is sufficient to suck in flue gas, i.e.
  • the core air also serves as a propellant for the return of the flue gases.
  • the flue gas return pipe 21 opens into the rear end of the core air supply pipe 8, so that an annular gap 22 is formed in the manner of an injector.
  • the type of supply of the primary air / gas mixture and core air creates a two-stage injector, through the action of which flue gas is sucked in independently, which cools the flame in addition to the fuel distribution and thereby further reduces the NOx values of the flue gas.
  • FIG. 2 A practical arrangement of the flue gas return pipe is shown in FIG. 2 using the example of a so-called three-pass boiler. From the burner 1 with the combustion chamber 23 adjoining it, the combustion gases arrive in the direction of arrow 24 into the rear turning chamber (not shown) and flow back from there via the boiler part 25 consisting of individual trains into the front turning chamber 26, before going from there via the third , in turn, individual boiler parts, not shown, get outside.
  • the flue gas return pipe 21 is connected to the front turning chamber 26 and is therefore short.
  • the flue gas return pipe 21 is not connected to the turning chamber 26 as a whole, but rather directly to one or more trains 25. This reduces the speed of the returned flue gases. This reduces the pressure losses and the suction effect.
  • FIG. 3 shows the steam jet injector 33 as an enlarged detail from FIG. 2. It consists, as is generally customary, of the feed pipe 28, driving nozzle 29, inlet radius 30, mixing pipe 31 and diffuser 32. Steam is used as the blowing agent, which is only required in relatively small amounts is, so that much lower costs are incurred than with the otherwise usual fans with high power consumption.
  • the NO x values can be reduced by approximately 30% compared to the burner that only works with self-priming.
  • the burner described can not only be used as a pure gas burner.
  • An oil lance 27 can be introduced into the core air supply pipe 8 in a known manner, so that the burner can be operated as a combination burner with gas and oil or as a pure oil burner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Brûleur pour combustible gazeux, liquide ou pour combustible gazeux et liquide comportant un tube d'admission d'air central pour l'admission de l'air central comme première portion de combustion, une deuxième sortie annulaire entourant le tube d'admission d'air central pour l'air primaire comme deuxième portion d'air de combustion et une troisième sortie annulaire entourant la deuxième sortie pour l'air secondaire comme troisième portion d'air de combustion, la sortie du combustible gazeux arrivant de même annulairement au courant d'air central central de sorte qu'une première partie du combustible gazeux peut être introduite, à l'intérieur du brûleur, dans le courant d'air primaire et la deuxième partie restante de combustible gazeux dans le courant d'air secondaire, les quantités admises d'air central et d'air primaire, d'une part, et d'air secondaire, d'autre part, étant réglables indépendamment l'une de l'autre, et le réglage des courants d'air ainsi que le partage des quantités de combustible se faisant de façon que le mélange combustible-air primaire sortant de la deuxième sortie est sous-stoechiométrique avec l'air central et que le mélange combustible-air secondaire sortant de la troisième sortie est sur-stoechiométrique, un tube de contre-réaction-de gaz de fumées débouchant avec son extrémité avant dans l'extrémité arrière du tube d'admission d'air central et forme avec celui-ci forme une tuyère annulaire comme passage pour l'air central et l'extrémité arrière du tube de contre-réaction-de gaz de fumées étant reliée à un endroit du trajet des gaz de fumées qui présente avec le foyer une différence de pression faible, caractérisé en ce que, dans le tube de contre-réaction-de gaz de fumées (21), est intégré un injecteur de jet de vapeur (33).
EP91250129A 1990-05-16 1991-05-08 Brûleur Expired - Lifetime EP0457417B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9005563U DE9005563U1 (de) 1990-05-16 1990-05-16 Brenner
DE9005563U 1990-05-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0457417A2 EP0457417A2 (fr) 1991-11-21
EP0457417A3 EP0457417A3 (en) 1992-03-18
EP0457417B1 true EP0457417B1 (fr) 1994-08-24

Family

ID=6853847

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91250129A Expired - Lifetime EP0457417B1 (fr) 1990-05-16 1991-05-08 Brûleur

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0457417B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE110458T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE9005563U1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090120338A1 (en) * 2005-10-28 2009-05-14 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L 'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and Apparatus for Low-NOx Combustion

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2576373A (en) * 1947-11-07 1951-11-27 Wetzel Frederick Oil-burning boiler fire box with air and steam feeding means
US4245980A (en) * 1978-06-19 1981-01-20 John Zink Company Burner for reduced NOx emission and control of flame spread and length
DE3514756A1 (de) * 1985-04-24 1986-11-06 Peter 5030 Hürth Stautzebach Zusatzeinrichtung fuer heizoelbrenner
DE3807214A1 (de) * 1988-03-02 1989-09-14 Koerting Ag Brenner
DE3842842A1 (de) * 1988-12-20 1990-06-21 Zink John Gmbh Atmosphaerischer brenner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0457417A2 (fr) 1991-11-21
DE9005563U1 (de) 1990-07-19
EP0457417A3 (en) 1992-03-18
DE59102608D1 (de) 1994-09-29
ATE110458T1 (de) 1994-09-15

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