EP0602396B1 - Méthode de exploitation d'un générateur de chaleur - Google Patents

Méthode de exploitation d'un générateur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0602396B1
EP0602396B1 EP93118406A EP93118406A EP0602396B1 EP 0602396 B1 EP0602396 B1 EP 0602396B1 EP 93118406 A EP93118406 A EP 93118406A EP 93118406 A EP93118406 A EP 93118406A EP 0602396 B1 EP0602396 B1 EP 0602396B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
combustion
burner
air
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93118406A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0602396A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Haumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom SA
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0602396A1 publication Critical patent/EP0602396A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0602396B1 publication Critical patent/EP0602396B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a staged combustion is used when using nitrogenous fuels such as heavy oil, coal etc.
  • nitrogenous fuels such as heavy oil, coal etc.
  • This combustion is a process in which a process medium is heated in two stages.
  • the fuel oil and gas premixed with air in a combustion device is partially burned sub-stoichiometrically with an air ratio of 0.5-0.98 in a pre-combustion chamber which functions as a first stage.
  • the partially burned, low-nitrogen oxide mixture reaches a temperature of 1800-1900 ° C and heats the process medium, which has already been preheated to an intermediate temperature, to its final temperature in a heat exchanger placed at the transition to an afterburning zone.
  • air injection area of the process heat generator air is added to the partially combusted mixture in a stoichiometric ratio with respect to the unburned components and thereby completely burned in the afterburning zone, thereby reducing the nitrogen compounds formed.
  • this circuit has shown that the substantial reduction in nitrogen oxides cannot achieve the minimization that will be necessary in the future for the strictest emission limits of such systems.
  • Another staged combustion emerges from DE-A1-37 07 773.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention how it is characterized in the claims, the task is based in a method of the type mentioned at the beginning Propose circuit that further reduce NOx emissions enables.
  • the main advantage of the invention is that the process for this process heat generator also via the a two- or multi-stage combustion with or without Premixed zones operated in the second stage of the known type can be. It is important to consider those measures at which the gas temperature from the first flame front is specifically lowered. This will result in a limited optimal Temperature range activated reaction kinetic processes, where the nitrogen compounds still present in the reduction zone connected to the heat exchanger again be drastically reduced.
  • Another essential advantage of the invention is that to see that the process through reactions of course existing NHx radicals with each other and with the nitrogen oxides happens without the use of additives will need.
  • Fig. 1 shows a process heat generator, which is essentially one burner device and two combustion stages or burning zones. Of course can be another downstream of the second combustion stage Combustion stage are provided, in which example combustion with a tertiary air mass flow can be carried out.
  • the third and possibly the Subsequent combustion stages can have characteristics of the first and / or the second stage.
  • the process heat generator is the one already mentioned Burner device for liquid and / or gaseous Fuels as heating medium.
  • the underlying method is suitable as a burner device a premix burner 101, the physical shape 2-5 will be described in more detail.
  • a nozzle placed in the middle preferably a liquid one Fuel 12 and other fuel nozzles, which in the area of the air inlet slots in the interior of burner 101, preferably a gaseous one Fuel supplied.
  • A is formed in burner 101 ignitable mixture, wherein the reaction zone 103 from this combustion to the flame front of this burner extends.
  • the inflow is opposite this zone concentric air duct 105, about which a primary air 106 supplied to the burner 101 becomes.
  • the air duct 105 serves as an air heater for the Primary air 106, creating the burner 101 with a caloric processed combustion air stream 15 supplied becomes.
  • the primary air flow 106 can be used for cooling the reduction stage downstream of reaction stage 103 104 serve.
  • This caloric treatment of the primary air 106 before the substoichiometric combustion process results in optimal process control, because the requirement of NOx formation by both HCN and NH3 thus avoided as far as possible.
  • this combustion takes place sub-stoichiometric, within one optimal value with an air ratio lambda of 0.5-0.98.
  • the gas temperature the flame front of the reaction zone 103 becomes by means of an immediately following heat exchanger 108 of any design selectively lowered.
  • the system of heat exchangers 108, 111 is how shows the wiring from the figure, as a series circuit designed, of course also one Parallel connection comes into question.
  • the heat exchanger 108 also for caloric treatment of the primary air 106 serve instead of further heating the process medium.
  • the promotion of the necessary exhaust gases downstream of the Heat exchanger 111 is powered by various blowers or Jet pumps 113 maintained.
  • the process medium to be preheated is in the heat exchangers connected in series here 108 and 111 prepared calorically, the process medium in the heat exchanger 108 to its final temperature heated and via a process medium discharge line 116 Usage point is fed.
  • FIG. 2 To understand the structure of the burner 101 straight away , it is advantageous if at the same time as FIG. 2 the individual cuts shown therein, which the Fig. 3-5 form, are used. Furthermore, to the physical design of the burner as clear as possible to be designed in FIG. 2 are those according to FIGS. 3-5 schematically shown baffles 21a, 21b only hinted been recorded. The following is used if necessary the description of Fig. 2 on the following figures pointed out.
  • the burner 101 shown in FIG. 2 consists of two half hollow tapered body part 1, 2 with respect to their central axes stand offset from each other.
  • the radial offset is provided in one plane, with which the two central axes are parallel in the same Level to each other.
  • the cone shape of the Part body 1, 2 shown has a in the flow direction certain fixed angle.
  • the partial body 1, 2 in the direction of flow a progressive (trumpet-like) or degressive have a (tulip-shaped) taper.
  • the two the latter forms are not included in the drawing because they can be easily modeled.
  • the two tapered partial body 1, 2 each have a cylindrical Initial part 1a, 2a, which, analogous to the partial bodies 1, 2, offset to each other, so that the tangential Air inlet slots 19.20 continuously through the entire length of the burner 101 are present.
  • Pre-firing zone 107 goes the exit opening of the burner 101 into a front wall 10 above, in which a number of holes 10a are provided are a certain amount of dilution air if necessary or inject cooling air into the pre-combustion zone 107.
  • liquid fuel 12 provided by nozzle 3 is at an acute angle into the interior 14 of the burner 101 injected, so that all over Length of the burner 101 up to the burner outlet level sets a conical spray pattern as homogeneous as possible, what is only possible if the inner walls of the partial bodies 1, 2 through the fuel injection 4, which is, for example an air-assisted nozzle or one Pressure atomization is not to be wetted.
  • the axial speed of the Flow within the burner 101 through a corresponding one Supply of the axial combustion air flow 15a change.
  • the construction of the burner 101 is suitable excellent, the cross sections of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20, according to needs change, without changing the length of the burner 101 covers a relatively wide range of operations can be.
  • FIG. 3-5 shows the geometric configuration of the guide plates 21a, 21b.
  • a channeling Effect or change in speed of the combustion air flow 15 can by opening or closing the Baffles 21a, 21b around one in the area of the tangential Air inlet slots 19, 20 placed pivot point 23 optimized , especially if the original Gap size of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 is changed.
  • you can the burner 101 is also operated without baffles 21a, 21b or other aids can be provided for this will.

Claims (4)

  1. Méthode pour la conduite d'un générateur de chaleur, qui se compose essentiellement d'au moins deux zones de combustion (107, 110), dans lesquelles on produit par étages un gaz de chauffage, pourvues d'échangeurs de chaleur (108, 111) qui sont en liaison active avec les zones de combustion, dans laquelle la deuxième zone de combustion (110) présente au moins un échangeur de chaleur (111) postérieur abaissant la température des gaz d'échappement, caractérisée en ce qu'une première zone de combustion (107) est conduite avec une zone de réaction (103) agissant jusqu'au front de flamme et avec une zone de réduction postérieure (104), en ce qu'un premier échangeur de chaleur (108) agit dans le courant de gaz chauds de la zone de réaction (103), et en ce que les composés d'azote sont réduits, dans la zone de réduction (104) en liaison active avec l'échangeur de chaleur (108) qui précède, uniquement par réaction des radicaux NHx naturels l'un avec l'autre.
  2. Méthode suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la zone de réaction (103) est conduite avec un brûleur à prémélange (101).
  3. Méthode suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les échangeurs de chaleur (108, 111) faisant partie des zones de combustion (107, 110) fonctionnent en série.
  4. Méthode suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins la deuxième zone de combustion (110) fonctionne avec un gaz d'échappement recyclé (114).
EP93118406A 1992-12-12 1993-11-13 Méthode de exploitation d'un générateur de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP0602396B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4242003A DE4242003A1 (de) 1992-12-12 1992-12-12 Prozesswärmeerzeuger
DE4242003 1992-12-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0602396A1 EP0602396A1 (fr) 1994-06-22
EP0602396B1 true EP0602396B1 (fr) 1998-08-19

Family

ID=6475129

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93118406A Expired - Lifetime EP0602396B1 (fr) 1992-12-12 1993-11-13 Méthode de exploitation d'un générateur de chaleur

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EP (1) EP0602396B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4242003A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4422535A1 (de) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-04 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Feuerungsanlage
DE4436728A1 (de) * 1994-10-14 1996-04-18 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung für eine schadstoffarme gestufte Verbrennung
DE4444125A1 (de) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-13 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur schadstoffarmen Verbrennung
DE4446541A1 (de) * 1994-12-24 1996-06-27 Abb Management Ag Brennkammer
DE19505753A1 (de) * 1995-02-20 1996-08-22 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur schadstoffarmen Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff in einem Heizungskessel
DE19510744A1 (de) * 1995-03-24 1996-09-26 Abb Management Ag Brennkammer mit Zweistufenverbrennung
DE19537636B4 (de) * 1995-10-10 2004-02-12 Alstom Kraftwerksanlage
DE19724929B4 (de) * 1997-06-12 2007-04-12 Fritz Dr.-Ing. Schoppe Brennverfahren für Staubfeuerungen kleiner Leistung
US11226092B2 (en) * 2016-09-22 2022-01-18 Utilization Technology Development, Nfp Low NOx combustion devices and methods
CN107087819B (zh) * 2017-06-14 2023-10-20 深圳市新宜康科技股份有限公司 旋流电子烟雾化器结构及旋流电子烟雾化器

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3072145D1 (en) * 1980-09-01 1989-04-20 Zink Co John Disposal of oxides of nitrogen and heat recovery in a single self-contained structure
DE3707773C2 (de) * 1987-03-11 1996-09-05 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Einrichtung zur Prozesswärmeerzeugung
AT391185B (de) * 1988-02-08 1990-08-27 Vaillant Gmbh Einrichtung zur stufenweisen verbrennung eines brennstoff-luftgemisches
CH680157A5 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1992-06-30 Asea Brown Boveri
CH680467A5 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1992-08-31 Asea Brown Boveri
CH684960A5 (de) * 1991-12-05 1995-02-15 Asea Brown Boveri Verfahren zur Prozesswärmeerzeugung.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59308888D1 (de) 1998-09-24
EP0602396A1 (fr) 1994-06-22
DE4242003A1 (de) 1994-06-16

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