EP2037173B1 - Tête de brûleur et procédé de combustion à un étage de combustible dans une zone de combustion éloignée de la tête de brûleur - Google Patents

Tête de brûleur et procédé de combustion à un étage de combustible dans une zone de combustion éloignée de la tête de brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2037173B1
EP2037173B1 EP07018075A EP07018075A EP2037173B1 EP 2037173 B1 EP2037173 B1 EP 2037173B1 EP 07018075 A EP07018075 A EP 07018075A EP 07018075 A EP07018075 A EP 07018075A EP 2037173 B1 EP2037173 B1 EP 2037173B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion
combustion air
burner head
mixing zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP07018075A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2037173A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen Stittrich
Michael Stang
Torsten Lohse
Sebastian Kretschmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elco Burners GmbH
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Elco Burners GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP07018075A priority Critical patent/EP2037173B1/fr
Priority to AT07018075T priority patent/ATE533995T1/de
Publication of EP2037173A1 publication Critical patent/EP2037173A1/fr
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Publication of EP2037173B1 publication Critical patent/EP2037173B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/408—Flow influencing devices in the air tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14021—Premixing burners with swirling or vortices creating means for fuel or air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the one-stage combustion of fuel in a burner head spaced, downstream combustion zone in a combustion chamber.
  • nitrogen oxides for example NO, NO 2
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • the recirculation or recirculation of exhaust gases produced during combustion has proven to be effective. Recirculated exhaust gases lead to a reduction of nitrogen oxides produced during combustion. The recirculation of exhaust gas can lower the flame temperature and thus reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides, which are responsible for high combustion temperatures, and / or fuel mixtures with a stoichiometry, which leads to a reduction of nitrogen oxide.
  • mixing in of exhaust gas tends to destabilize the flame.
  • one-stage burns especially when recirculating exhaust gas, are used.
  • Methods and devices for single-stage combustion for example EP 1 245 901 A1 .
  • DE 197 04 721 A1 and DE 10 2005 038 662 A1 known.
  • there is difficulty in stabilizing a flame spaced from the combustion head whose overcoming requires additional measures.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a one-stage combustion of fuels for improved formation and stabilization of a flame away from the combustion head while minimizing the formation of pollutants, in particular nitrogen, by exhaust gas recirculation; this should advantageously be achieved both for single-fuel burners and for dual-fuel burners.
  • the present invention provides a burner head and a method according to the independent claims ready. Preferred embodiments thereof are given in the dependent claims.
  • the present invention provides a burner head for one-stage combustion of fuel in a combustion zone spaced from the burner head downstream thereof.
  • the burner head includes a burner tube having a downstream end, swirl means for supplying swirling combustion air into a first combustion-free mixing zone downstream of the swirl means within the burner tube and at least one first fuel nozzle located downstream of the swirl means and inside the burner tube and for supplying fuel into the first mixing zone serves to mix unburned fuel with combustion air twisted by the swirl means.
  • the swirl device comprises a first region with swirl elements, with which the combustion air supplied to the swirl device is twisted.
  • the swirling device furthermore has a second region, which is located downstream of the first region and is designed such that in the first region, twisted combustion air is conducted separately from further combustion air (in particular guided in the burner tube).
  • the burner head includes second fuel nozzles disposed downstream of the at least one first fuel nozzle within the burner head and for supplying fuel upstream of the downstream end of the burner tube such that fuel from the second fuel nozzles is delivered toward a second non-combustion mixing zone outside the burner head There is mixed as unburned fuel recirculated from a combustion chamber combustion exhaust gases.
  • guide means are provided at the downstream end of the burner tube which are spaced apart and extend obliquely inwardly toward the longitudinal axis of the burner tube.
  • the nozzles define the downstream end of the burner head.
  • the swirl device can be surrounded by a first region within the burner tube, the first region serving to supply non-twisted combustion air flowing in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the burner tube in the direction of the downstream end of the burner tube and preferably to the guide devices.
  • the first region may be bounded by a radially outer surface of the swirl device and a radially inner surface of the burner tube.
  • a second region may be provided which at least partially surrounds the swirling device and itself is at least partially surrounded by the first region.
  • the second area can also serve to supply combustion air.
  • the second region is surrounded by a radially outer surface of the swirl device and a swirling at least partially surrounding Bewandung.
  • the second region may have at its upstream end a limiting structure in which openings are formed, via which the second region can be supplied with combustion air.
  • the second region may be designed to guide non-twisted combustion air flowing in the longitudinal direction of the burner tube.
  • the second region may be configured to guide twisted combustion air.
  • the above-mentioned guide devices each comprise a delta-shaped surface.
  • the swirl device is displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the burner tube in this.
  • the at least one first fuel nozzle may be designed and / or arranged such that fuel is supplied in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the burner tube.
  • the at least one first fuel nozzle can each have a fuel outlet, via which fuel can be discharged essentially without pressure, in addition or alternatively to the actual outlet of the fuel nozzle.
  • the second fuel nozzles are preferably designed and / or configured such that they can deliver fuel in an obliquely outward direction at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the burner tube.
  • an ignition device is provided, which is arranged downstream of the first fuel nozzles and serves for the initial ignition of fuel of the at least one first fuel nozzle.
  • the downstream end of the swirling device and / or a region of the burner tube surrounding the first mixing zone may be designed and / or arranged such that mixed fuel and combustion air enter in the first mixing zone combustible fuel combustion air mixture result.
  • this mixture reaches downstream of the first mixing zone (in particular after leaving the first mixing zone) a flow rate which substantially corresponds to the flame velocity of the fuel.
  • the conditions required for combustion of this mixture are not met; but then.
  • the swirling device and / or a region surrounding the first mixing zone of the burner tube and / or the at least one first fuel nozzle may be designed and / or arranged such that fuel and combustion air in the first mixing zone result in a combustion air mixture with a swirl, causing the combustion zone to form and stabilize downstream of, and especially outside, the burner head.
  • the at least one first fuel nozzle may be designed to dispense liquid fuel and / or gaseous fuel.
  • the second fuel nozzles are preferably used for the discharge of gaseous fuel.
  • the present invention provides a method of single-stage combustion of fuel in a combustion zone provided downstream of a burner head in a combustion chamber, comprising the steps of: supplying twisted combustion air and unburned fuel to a first combustion-free mixing zone within the burner head is provided to produce an ignitable fuel-combustion air mixture; Supplying the fuel-combustion air mixture of the first mixing zone into the combustion zone; and burning the mixture in the combustion zone.
  • the combustion air which is provided for mixing with the unburned fuel, twisted and guided so that it is guided separately from further combustion air, which is not twisted.
  • it is provided to carry out the separate guidance of the twisted combustion air in the direction of the first mixing zone.
  • a second mixing zone which is provided downstream and outside the burner head.
  • exhaust gas present in the combustion chamber is recirculated or recirculated to the second mixing zone in order to produce a fuel / exhaust gas mixture together with unburned fuel from the region downstream of the first mixing zone in the second mixing zone.
  • the fuel mixture of the second mixing zone is also fed into the combustion zone and, if present, burned there together with the fuel combustion air mixture of the first mixing zone.
  • combustion air is supplied.
  • the additional combustion air may be non-twisted combustion air or comprise non-twisted and twisted combustion air.
  • the fuel can be supplied substantially transversely to the flow direction of the first mixing zone.
  • the fuel for the first mixing zone may be pressurized (eg, via the respective outlet of at least one first fuel nozzle) and / or substantially depressurized (eg, via one or more openings that may be formed in at least one first fuel nozzle upstream of the respective outlet). be supplied.
  • the second mixing zone is supplied with fuel in the direction obliquely to the flow direction, at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the burner tube.
  • the fuel-off-gas mixture of the second mixing zone may be fed into a flame root at the end of the combustion zone adjacent to the burner head.
  • the fuel combustion air mixture of the first mixing zone is twisted so that the combustion zone is formed downstream and outside of the combustion head and stabilized there.
  • the fuel combustion air mixture of the first mixing zone has a flow velocity substantially equal to the flame velocity of the fuel when that mixture leaves or leaves the first mixing zone.
  • the mixture or mixtures may initially be ignited by means of an ignition device which is arranged at the downstream end of the burner head. Subsequent ignition of the mixture or of the mixtures, if combustion takes place in the combustion zone, can take place by reaction from the combustion zone, in particular by radiation and convexion.
  • liquid fuel is supplied to the first mixing zone.
  • gaseous fuel may also be supplied to the first mixing zone and gaseous fuel to the second mixing zone.
  • the amount of nitrogen oxides produced in single-stage combustion can be reduced as combustion exhaust gas recirculates and forms a mixture with fuel which is burned alone or together with another fuel-combustion air mixture.
  • Efficient recirculation of exhaust gas, its mixing with fuel and / or combustion air can be achieved with burner heads that produce a flame away from the burner head and stabilized therein.
  • burner heads are for example off DE 197 04 721 A1 and DE 10 2005 038662 A1 known.
  • the present invention is an improvement over such known burner heads and methods used therein in that it provides improved stabilization of the flame away from the burner head, mixes combustion air and fuel in the burner head more intensively, allows optimization of the recirculated exhaust gas mixing, and allows the Supply of combustion air to be selected so that an adaptation to different combustion chambers can be achieved. Furthermore, it is possible to dispense with a pilot flame inside the burner head, which was operated permanently in earlier approaches.
  • an electric ignition adjacent the combustion chamber is provided, but generally only used initially for (eg, initial) ignition; If a flame has formed and stabilizes, the further ignition takes place by reaction from the flame.
  • mixing zone In a mixing zone, different fluids are mixed which are not (yet) incinerated. In a mixing zone, the conditions that must be present for combustion are usually not met. This understanding of the term mixing zone is used in the following.
  • a combustion zone is an area in which the conditions required for combustion exist.
  • a combustion zone is when an ignitable mixture (eg, fuel combustion air mixture, fuel combustion air-exhaust gas mixture) is present, the flow rate of the ignitable mixture and the flame velocity are substantially the same and a temperature is the same as or is greater than the ignition temperature of the ignitable mixture. In areas where these conditions are not met, ignition or combustion can not occur.
  • an ignitable mixture eg, fuel combustion air mixture, fuel combustion air-exhaust gas mixture
  • Fig. 1 . 2 and 3 2 show a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a burner head 2.
  • the burner head 2 shown is designed as a dual-fuel burner with which liquid and gaseous fuels (eg oil, gas) can be burned.
  • liquid fuel can be supplied, which can be supplied via a fuel pipe 6 to a fuel nozzle 8, which is designed for liquid fuel and can deliver such under pressure.
  • the fuel tube 6 and the fuel nozzle 8 connected thereto can be moved in the longitudinal direction by means of a device generally designated 10. This mobility allows the fuel nozzle 8 retract during operation of the burner head 2 with gaseous fuels to prevent thermal overload or damage to the fuel nozzle 8.
  • Fig. 1 shows the fuel nozzle 8 positioned to supply fuel while Fig. 2 shows a setting in which the nozzle 8 is retracted.
  • gaseous fuel can be supplied, which can be forwarded via a fuel pipe 14 to fuel nozzles 16 and 18, which are designed for the supply of gaseous fuel.
  • the direction indicated by the arrow 24 is referred to as the flow direction or the downstream direction, while opposite directions are referred to as upstream.
  • the direction 24 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the burner head 2, which is why the reference numeral 24 also refers to the Brennerkopflticiansachse.
  • annular disc 28 is provided, which extends substantially perpendicular to the flow direction 24.
  • the inner edge of the disc 28 defines an opening 30 through which combustion air and fuel (gaseous and / or liquid) or mixtures thereof can be discharged from the burner head 2.
  • the opening 30 has a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the burner tube 22, at least at its end 26.
  • guide means 32 extending from the radially inner edge of the disc 28 defining the opening 30, guide means 32.
  • the guide means 32 extending from the end 26 of the burner tube 22.
  • not shown are no baffles, but only the disc 28 is present.
  • the guide means 32 extend obliquely inwards and in the downstream direction.
  • the guide devices 32 each comprise a planar structure, which in the embodiment shown is delta-shaped or triangular. Intermediate spaces 34 are provided between the guide devices 32, through which combustion air, fuel and / or mixtures thereof can leave the burner head 2.
  • the disc 28 and / or the guide 32 to stimulate the recirculation of exhaust gas.
  • baffles 32 form the downstream end of the burner head 2. Without baffles, the downstream end of the burner head 2 and the region falling within Fig. 1 and 2 on the far right, together. This may be, for example, the end 26 or the disk 28.
  • a swirl device 38 is disposed on the outer surface of the fuel tube 14 in the downstream end portion thereof.
  • the swirl device 38 is open at its upstream and downstream ends 40 and 42, respectively.
  • Combustion air can reach a region 44 via the open end 40 in which swirl elements 46 are arranged.
  • the swirl elements 46 for example, in Fig. 3 can be seen, baffles, blades, surfaces, channels and the like may include, which can be twisted over the end 40 supplied combustion air.
  • combustion air the upstream of the swirl device 38 has substantially only in the flow direction 24 (or with respect to the longitudinal axis 24 in the axial direction) flowing portions, so interacts with the swirl elements 46 that downstream of the region 44, the flowing combustion air comprises flow components, the - relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner tube 2 - axially, radially and tangentially.
  • the region 44 is adjoined by a substantially cylindrical region 48 of the swirl device 38. Twisted combustion air from the region 44 flows through the cylindrical portion 48.
  • the swirl device 38 and in particular the region 48 separates twisted combustion air of combustion air flowing in a region 49 between the swirl device 38 and the surrounding inner surfaces of the burner tube 22, in the Essentially in the flow direction or axial direction.
  • twisted combustion air shielded by the swirl elements 46 is guided (combustion air guided from outside the swirl direction 38) toward the first mixing zone 52 or into it.
  • the fuel nozzles provided for supply of fuel via the fuel tube 14 may be divided into two groups, namely the fuel nozzles 16, which deliver fuel in a range that is further upstream compared to the area fueled by the fuel nozzles 18.
  • the fuel nozzles 16 deliver fuel transversely to the flow direction. This can be achieved if, as shown in the figures, the outlets 17 of the fuel nozzles 16 point in the desired discharge direction.
  • the fuel nozzles 16, as in FIG Fig. 4 shown one or more arranged upstream with respect to fuel flowing through the fuel nozzles 16 Have openings 50.
  • the openings 50 may serve as an additional outlet for fuel, with fuel discharged via the openings 50 being discharged substantially without pressure.
  • the fuel nozzles 16 discharge fuel at their outlets 17 under pressure.
  • the cylindrical portion 48 shields the twisted combustion air from the outside of the swirl device 38 axially passing air flowing.
  • a swirl flow can form and stabilize substantially without interference, which preferably extends at least as far as the mixing zone 52.
  • the radial and tangential with respect to the longitudinal axis of the burner head 2 flow components of the twisted combustion air provide for intensive mixing with fuel, the fuel of the fuel nozzles 16.
  • the mixing is further supported by the fact that at the downstream end 42 of the twisting device 38 due to the surface jump (cross-sectional enlargement of the cross section the cylindrical portion 49 to the cross section of the burner tube 22) of the axial, flowing in the flow direction portion is slower. Tangential parts remain the same, but become larger in proportion to axial parts. This increases the swirl and thus the mixing with fuel in addition.
  • the intensive mixing of combustion air and fuel also results from the directions in which fuel is discharged from the fuel nozzles 16.
  • the fuel delivery essentially transversely to the flow direction 24 into the twisted combustion air alone ensures homogeneous, intensive mixing, which is improved in conjunction with the effects of the swirl device 38.
  • the openings 50 are provided, it is possible to dispense via this additional fuel, with which the degree of mixing and / or the stoichiometry in the mixing zone 52 can at least be influenced, preferably controlled.
  • swirl device 38 which is lengthened compared to known approaches in the flow direction 24, is that mixing of fuel with non-twisted combustion air flowing past the swirl device 38 can be avoided.
  • one of the above combustion conditions is achieved, namely an ignitable fuel-combustion air mixture.
  • a second of the above conditions is achieved, namely that the flow rate of the fuel-combustion air mixture substantially corresponds to the flame velocities of the fuel.
  • This condition is achieved downstream of the mixing zone 52. Where this condition is met, for example, the positioning of the swirl device 38 and in particular its end 42 relative to the fuel nozzles 16, the flow rates Depend on the different flow rates of the twisted combustion air and / or the flow rate at which fuel from the fuel nozzles 16 is discharged.
  • a preferably electrical igniter 54 is used to initially ignite this mixture.
  • the igniter 54 and in particular its ends (not shown) for generating electrical sparks are located upstream of the ends 36 of the guide means 32, ie inside the burner head 2.
  • ignition may occur in such a way that (extremely) occurs in the short term if any, forms a flame whose root of the flame lies between the downstream ends of the igniter 54 and the ends 36 of the vanes 32.
  • the igniter 54 may ignite the flame at a location where the flame is not stably burning, but from which it travels to a stable position after ignition (downstream). If the flame has stabilized, the ignition of further supplied fuel by re-ignition from the flame takes place; the ignition device 54 is not required for this.
  • the fuel nozzles 18 discharge fuel obliquely to the outside.
  • the fuel nozzles 18 Pass fuel through the gaps 34 between the nozzles 32 to the outside in a mixing zone 56. There it comes to a mixing with recirculated combustion exhaust gas.
  • Recirculation of combustion exhaust gas in the combustion chamber is effected by combustion air flowing past the swirling device 38, which flows against the disk 28, if present, and the nozzles 32 and passes past the latter into the combustion chamber. Downstream of the guide means 32, that is, on the side facing the combustion chamber in the same side of the negative pressure zones form with vortex regions.
  • the negative pressure zones and vortex regions downstream of the burner head 2 provide for an intensive combustion chamber internal recirculation of exhaust gas present in the combustion chamber in the mixing zone 56. There, mixing with fuel of the fuel nozzles 18. This mixture is due to said negative pressure zones or vortex regions downstream of the disc 28 (if present) and the baffles 32 mixed into the spaced from the burner head 2 flame.
  • the fuel-exhaust gas mixture is mixed substantially directly into the flame root or shortly thereafter.
  • support the guide means 32 by their arrangement and orientation of the interference to the effect that the fuel-exhaust gas mixture is brought into the flame kernel as far as possible and burns, if at all, only to a small extent in outer areas. The further the fuel-exhaust mixture is brought into the flame, the better the formation of nitrogen oxides can be prevented.
  • Fig. 5 illustrated embodiment is different from the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 4 in that there is a further area 58 for the supply of combustion air.
  • This region is formed by a tube 60 at least partially surrounding the swirl device 38.
  • a tapered region 62 with openings 64 adjoins the tube 60 in the upstream direction. Through the openings 64 upstream combustion air can enter the area 58 and there flow substantially smoothly in the flow direction. Again, there is a separation between twisted combustion air in the swirl device and the combustion air flowing through the region 58.
  • not shown embodiments may be provided in the region 58 swirl elements, which twist air flowing there.
  • An advantage of such embodiments with triple combustion air supply is that the functional flows (in particular twisted air inside, with which the mixing of fuel is achieved, and the disc 28 and / or the guide 32 outflowing air outside, which stimulates the recirculation of exhaust gas) can be dimensioned independently of each other.
  • the average supply of combustion air ensures an even clearer separation of twisted combustion air inside and substantially flowing in the direction of flow combustion air outside.
  • (missing) combustion air is provided via the average combustion air supply, which takes place substantially independently of the air supply outside and inside and can be dimensioned independently of it (for example by adjustment and / or control).
  • the adjustment of the air supply outside and inside are also independently of each other and (optionally also) independently of the average air supply dimensioned (for example by adjustment and / or control).
  • Fig. 6 differs from the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 4 in that it is designed as a single-fuel burner which uses only one type of fuel, in particular gaseous fuel.
  • Other embodiments not shown correspond to the embodiment from Fig. 6 apart from that, as with reference to Fig. 5 explained, a triple combustion air supply is used.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment that differs from the embodiment of Fig. 6 differs in that it is designed as einstoffbrenner for liquid fuel.
  • a fuel nozzle 8 For supplying liquid fuel is a fuel nozzle 8. Again, a triple combustion air supply can be used.
  • Fig. 7 is achieved by the swirl device 38 and in particular its region 48, a separate guidance of twisted air in the swirl device 38 separated from outside the swirl device 38 guided combustion air.
  • this shielded guidance of twisted combustion air toward or into the first mixing zone 52 intensive mixing with fuel of the fuel nozzle 8 is achieved.
  • a better stability of the flame is achieved at a distance from the burner head 2 in the combustion chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Claims (35)

  1. Tête de brûleur, comportant :
    - un tube de brûleur (22) avec une extrémité (30) située en aval ;
    - un dispositif de giration (38) destiné à acheminer l'air de combustion tourbillonnant vers une première zone de mélange (52) sans combustion à l'intérieur du tube de brûleur (22) ; et
    - au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16), dans le sens d'écoulement, à l'intérieur du tube de brûleur (22), en vue de l'acheminement du combustible vers la première zone de mélange (52) ;
    - la première zone de mélange (52) sans combustion étant prévue en aval du dispositif de giration (38) ;
    - ledit au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16), dans le sens d'écoulement, étant disposé en aval du dispositif de giration (38) dans la première zone de mélange (52), afin de mélanger le combustible qui n'a pas brûlé dudit au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16) uniquement avec l'air de combustion tourbillonnant ;
    caractérisée en ce que
    - la tête de brûleur est une tête pour la combustion sur un étage du combustible dans une zone de combustion située à distance de la tête de brûleur en aval de celle-ci ; et
    - le dispositif de giration (38) comporte une première zone (44) avec des éléments de giration (46) pour le tourbillonnement de l'air de combustion, et une deuxième zone (48), qui est située en aval de la première zone (44) et en amont de la première zone de mélange (52) sans combustion et qui est conçue pour guider l'air de combustion tourbillonnant dans la première zone (44) séparément d'un autre air de combustion guidé dans le tube de brûleur (22).
  2. Tête de brûleur selon la revendication 1, comportant un deuxième gicleur de combustible (18) en aval dudit au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16) à l'intérieur de la tête de brûleur (2) pour l'acheminement du combustible en amont de l'extrémité aval (30) du tube de brûleur (22) vers une deuxième zone de mélange (56) sans combustion en dehors de la tête de brûleur (2), afin de mélanger le combustible qui n'a pas brûlé du deuxième gicleur de combustible (18) et les effluents gazeux de la combustion recirculés hors d'une chambre de combustion.
  3. Tête de brûleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comportant, au niveau de l'extrémité aval (30) du tube de brûleur (22), des dispositifs de guidage (32) séparés les uns des autres, qui s'étendent en oblique vers l'intérieur par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du tube de brûleur (22) et qui définissent l'extrémité aval (30) de la tête de brûleur (2).
  4. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant à l'intérieur du tube de brûleur (22) une première zone (49), entourant le dispositif de giration (38), pour acheminer de l'air de combustion non tourbillonnant, circulant dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal du tube de brûleur (22), vers l'extrémité aval (30) du tube de brûleur (22).
  5. Tête de brûleur selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle la première zone (49) est délimitée par une surface radialement extérieure du dispositif de giration (38) et une surface radialement intérieure du tube de brûleur (22).
  6. Tête de brûleur selon la revendication 4, comportant une deuxième zone (58) pour l'acheminement de l'air de combustion, ladite deuxième zone (58) entourant au moins en partie le dispositif de giration (38) et étant entourée elle-même au moins en partie par la première zone (49).
  7. Tête de brûleur selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle la deuxième zone (58) est entourée par une surface radialement extérieure du dispositif de giration (38) et par une paroi (60, 62) entourant au moins en partie le dispositif de giration (38).
  8. Tête de brûleur selon la revendication 6 ou 7, comportant des ouvertures (64) qui sont réalisées dans une structure (62) délimitant la deuxième zone (58) au niveau de l'extrémité amont de celle-ci, et qui sont destinés à alimenter la deuxième zone (58) en air de combustion.
  9. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, dans laquelle la deuxième zone (58) est conçue pour guider l'air de combustion non tourbillonnant et circulant dans le sens longitudinal du tube de brûleur (22).
  10. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, dans laquelle la deuxième zone (58) est conçue pour guider l'air de combustion tourbillonnant.
  11. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 10, dans laquelle les dispositifs de guidage (32) comportent chacun une surface en forme de delta.
  12. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le dispositif de giration (38) peut être déplacé en translation dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal du tube de brûleur (22).
  13. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle lesdits au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16) sont conçus pour acheminer le combustible dans la direction perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du tube de brûleur (22).
  14. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle lesdits au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16) comportent chacun au moins une sortie de combustible (50) pour l'acheminement sensiblement sans pression du combustible.
  15. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 14, dans laquelle les deuxièmes gicleurs de combustible (18) sont conçus pour acheminer le combustible dans la direction en oblique vers l'extérieur.
  16. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant un dispositif d'allumage (54), qui est disposé en aval dudit au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16).
  17. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'extrémité aval du dispositif de giration (38) et/ou une zone du tube de brûleur (22), entourant la première zone de mélange (52), sont conçues de telle sorte que le combustible, mélangé dans la première zone de mélange (52), et l'air de combustion donnent un mélange combustible formé de combustible et d'air de combustion qui, en aval de la première zone de mélange (52), atteint une vitesse d'écoulement qui correspond sensiblement à la vitesse de la flamme du combustible.
  18. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le dispositif de giration (38) et/ou une zone du tube de brûleur (22), entourant la première zone de mélange (52), et/ou ledit au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16) sont conçus de telle sorte que le combustible, mélangé dans la première zone de mélange (52), et l'air de combustion donnent un mélange de combustible et d'air de combustion avec un mouvement giratoire qui fait en sorte que la zone de combustion se forme en aval de la tête de brûleur (2) et s'y stabilise.
  19. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit au moins un premier gicleur de combustible (8 ; 16) comporte un gicleur (8) pour combustible liquide et/ou au moins un gicleur (16) pour combustible gazeux.
  20. Tête de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 19, dans laquelle les deuxièmes gicleurs de combustible (18) comportent des gicleurs pour le combustible gazeux.
  21. Procédé pour la combustion sur un étage du combustible dans une zone de combustion, prévue dans la chambre de combustion et située en aval de la tête de brûleur (2) à distance de celle-ci, comportant les étapes suivantes :
    - admission de l'air de combustion, tourbillonnant au moyen d'un dispositif de giration (38), et de combustible qui n'a pas brûlé dans une première zone de mélange (52) sans combustion, qui est prévue à l'intérieur de la tête de brûleur (2) et en aval du dispositif de giration (38), afin de générer un mélange inflammable de combustible et d'air de combustion ;
    - admission du mélange de combustible et d'air de combustion de la première zone de mélange (52) vers la zone de combustion située en aval de la tête de brûleur (2) et à distance de celle-ci ; et
    - combustion du mélange de combustible et d'air de combustion dans la zone de combustion ;
    dans lequel procédé, avant que l'air de combustion tourbillonnant soit acheminé dans la zone de mélange (52) sans combustion,
    - l'air de combustion est mis en tourbillons ;
    - l'air de combustion tourbillonnant, séparé de l'air de combustion non tourbillonnant dans l'étape de mise en tourbillons de l'air de combustion, est guidé vers la première zone de mélange (52) ;
    - dans la première zone de mélange (52), le combustible est mélangé uniquement avec l'air de combustion tourbillonnant ; et
    - le combustible qui n'a pas brûlé est acheminé uniquement dans la première zone de mélange (52).
  22. Procédé selon la revendication 21, comportant en outre les étapes :
    - admission d'un autre combustible imbrûlé à partir d'une zone en aval de la première zone de mélange (52) vers une deuxième zone de mélange (56) qui est prévue en aval à l'extérieur de la tête de brûleur (2), et renvoi des effluents gazeux présents dans la chambre de combustion vers la deuxième zone de mélange (56), afin de générer dans la deuxième zone de mélange (56) un mélange de combustible et d'effluents gazeux ;
    - acheminement du mélange de combustible et d'effluents gazeux de la deuxième zone de mélange (56) vers la zone de combustion ; et
    - combustion dans la zone de combustion du mélange de combustible et d'effluents gazeux de la deuxième zone de mélange (56) conjointement avec le mélange de combustible et d'air de combustion de la première zone de mélange (52).
  23. Procédé selon la revendication 21 ou 22, dans lequel un autre air de combustion est admis en plus de l'air de combustion tourbillonnant et séparément de celui-ci.
  24. Procédé selon la revendication 23, dans lequel l'autre air de combustion admis est un air de combustion non tourbillonnant.
  25. Procédé selon la revendication 23, dans lequel l'autre air de combustion comporte de l'air de combustion non tourbillonnant et de l'air de combustion tourbillonnant.
  26. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 25, dans lequel le combustible pour la première zone de mélange (52) est acheminé sensiblement transversalement au sens d'écoulement (24).
  27. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 26, dans lequel le combustible pour la première zone de mélange (52) est acheminé sensiblement sans pression.
  28. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 27, dans lequel le combustible pour la deuxième zone de mélange (56) est acheminé dans des directions en oblique par rapport au sens d'écoulement (24).
  29. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 28, dans lequel le mélange de combustible et d'effluents gazeux de la deuxième zone de mélange (56) est acheminé dans une racine de la flamme au niveau de l'extrémité, adjacente à la tête de brûleur (2), de la zone de combustion.
  30. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 29, dans lequel au moins le mélange de combustible et d'air de combustion de la première zone de mélange (52) est tourbillonnant, de telle sorte que la zone de combustion se forme en aval à l'extérieur de la tête de brûleur (2) et s'y stabilise.
  31. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 30, dans lequel le mélange de combustible et d'air de combustion de la première zone de mélange (52) a une vitesse de circulation qui correspond sensiblement à la vitesse de la flamme du combustible.
  32. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 31, dans lequel l'allumage des mélanges s'effectue initialement au moyen d'un dispositif d'allumage (54) disposé dans une partie aval de la tête de brûleur (2).
  33. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 32, dans lequel un allumage des mélanges s'effectue au moment de la combustion se déroulant dans la zone de combustion, sous l'effet d'une rétroaction provenant de la zone de combustion, en particulier un rayonnement et une convection.
  34. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 33, dans lequel du combustible liquide est admis dans la première zone de mélange (52).
  35. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 33, dans lequel du combustible gazeux est admis dans la première zone de mélange (52) et du combustible gazeux est admis dans la deuxième zone de mélange (56).
EP07018075A 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Tête de brûleur et procédé de combustion à un étage de combustible dans une zone de combustion éloignée de la tête de brûleur Active EP2037173B1 (fr)

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EP07018075A EP2037173B1 (fr) 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Tête de brûleur et procédé de combustion à un étage de combustible dans une zone de combustion éloignée de la tête de brûleur
AT07018075T ATE533995T1 (de) 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Brennerkopf und verfahren zur einstufigen verbrennung von brennstoff in einer vom brennerkopf beabstandeten verbrennungszone

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EP07018075A EP2037173B1 (fr) 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Tête de brûleur et procédé de combustion à un étage de combustible dans une zone de combustion éloignée de la tête de brûleur

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017114570A1 (de) 2017-06-29 2019-01-03 MIchael Karlowsky Brennerkopf und Verbrennungsverfahren
DE102020118325A1 (de) 2020-07-10 2022-01-13 Elco Burners Gmbh Verfahren zur gestuften verbrennung eines brennstoffes und brennkopf

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CN104633658B (zh) * 2015-02-15 2016-11-02 重庆赛迪热工环保工程技术有限公司 一种低氧化氮烧嘴
DE102016211432A1 (de) * 2016-06-27 2017-12-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gasbrennervorrichtung
DE102016125526B3 (de) * 2016-12-22 2018-05-30 Max Weishaupt Gmbh Mischvorrichtung und Brennerkopf für einen Brenner mit reduziertem NOx-Ausstoß

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DE1501893A1 (de) 1965-05-29 1969-09-25 Ru Bi Werk Gmbh & Co Kg Brennerrohr-Mundstueck fuer Zerstaeuber-OElbrenner
SE336867B (fr) 1969-11-04 1971-07-19 Palm & Co Ab B
DE4229525A1 (de) 1992-09-07 1994-03-10 Intercal Waermetechnik Gmbh Mischeinrichtung für Ölzerstäubungsbrenner
DE4329971C2 (de) 1993-09-04 1998-11-26 Johannes W Graat Brennereinrichtung für einen gasartigen Brennstoff
DE19704721B4 (de) 1997-02-07 2006-08-17 E.C.B. Gmbh Verfahren und Brennkopf zur Verbrennung von flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen
ITBO20010178A1 (it) 2001-03-26 2002-09-26 Riello Spa Bruciatore
EP1705424B1 (fr) 2005-03-04 2015-07-29 Riello S.p.A. Tête de combustion pour brûleur à combustible liquide
DE202005021253U1 (de) 2005-08-16 2007-07-26 E.C.B. Gmbh Brennkopf zur Verbrennung von Brennstoff

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017114570A1 (de) 2017-06-29 2019-01-03 MIchael Karlowsky Brennerkopf und Verbrennungsverfahren
DE102017114570B4 (de) * 2017-06-29 2021-02-04 MIchael Karlowsky Brennerkopf und Verbrennungsverfahren
DE102020118325A1 (de) 2020-07-10 2022-01-13 Elco Burners Gmbh Verfahren zur gestuften verbrennung eines brennstoffes und brennkopf

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ATE533995T1 (de) 2011-12-15

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