EP1262714A1 - Brûleur avec recirculation des gaz de combustion - Google Patents

Brûleur avec recirculation des gaz de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1262714A1
EP1262714A1 EP02405345A EP02405345A EP1262714A1 EP 1262714 A1 EP1262714 A1 EP 1262714A1 EP 02405345 A EP02405345 A EP 02405345A EP 02405345 A EP02405345 A EP 02405345A EP 1262714 A1 EP1262714 A1 EP 1262714A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
combustion chamber
exhaust gas
interior
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02405345A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus DÖBBELING
Bettina Paikert
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Publication of EP1262714A1 publication Critical patent/EP1262714A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for a gas turbine or hot gas production for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel, as well as a method for its operation.
  • Most technical burners of this type use a swirl flow to create a backflow zone on the burner axis.
  • the Flame stabilization takes place aerodynamically in these burners, i. H. without any special Flame holder.
  • the backflow zones that occur when the vortex bursts open (vortex break down) or the outer recirculation zones are used. Name is Exhaust gases from these zones ignite the fresh fuel-air mixture.
  • the swirl body is made up of at least two double-curved sheets with tangential air intake are formed, the sheets being folded outwards in the direction of the outflow.
  • a backflow zone at the downstream end of the inner cone.
  • the geometry of the burner is chosen so that the vortex flow in the The center is low in twist and has an axial excess speed. The increase The swirl number in the axial direction then leads to the position of the vortex backflow zone being stable remains.
  • double-cone burners can be found, for example, in the prior art in EP 0 321 809 B1 and EP 0 433 790 B1. With these burners in the direction of flow opening cone shape, in which two partial cone bodies positioned on top of each other are present, the central axes of which are offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction, combustion air occurs due to the tangential entry slots formed as a result of the displacement the interior of the burner. At the same time the combustion air enters through these slots Added fuel, resulting in a cone-shaped fuel-combustion air cone trains, and in turn in the area of the burner mouth positions stable backflow zone.
  • burner staging in which individual burners are specifically switched off so that the remaining burners can be operated at full load.
  • this concept can be used quite successfully.
  • EP 0 866 267 A1 describes the mixture of fresh air with recirculated flue gas in the Inverted feed channels of a double-cone burner are arranged in mirror image atmospheric combustion known.
  • the combustion air enriched with the recirculated exhaust gas causes z. B. better evaporation of the central fuel nozzle supplied liquid fuel within that induced by the length of the premix burner Premix. It can thus advantageously reduce pollutant emissions be achieved, but for a stabilization of the burner during the start phase a blow-off device which is operatively connected to the plenum is disadvantageously necessary, by using them, the admission pressure in the plenum is reduced, the air mass flow through the Burner reduced and thus the air ratio is reduced.
  • the objective object of the invention is therefore to provide a burner for a gas turbine or a hot gas generation for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel, which burner mixes fuel with combustion air in a burner interior, is fed to a combustion chamber and burned in this combustion chamber, and a method to operate such a burner, which has a stable Part load operation enabled.
  • the present invention achieves the object by providing means that control the flame can stabilize in partial load operation.
  • the invention thus relates to a burner of the type mentioned, in which means are provided, which allow hot exhaust gas to stabilize in part-load operation the combustion chamber in the burner interior.
  • the essence of the invention is therefore that the hot exhaust gases from the combustion chamber to be used, the flow behavior in the burner interior and at the burner mouth especially in part-load operation, d. H. with a lean, low-performance driving style to stabilize.
  • the recycling of exhaust gases in this way permits the use of such gases Burners on machines (especially machines with variable inlet guide vane assemblies, VIGV) in a load range of 30-100%.
  • the Means around a return line which furthermore preferably hot exhaust gas on an axial Combustion chamber wall in the case of an external one next to the burner orifice in the combustion chamber Takes backflow zones and the burner interior in the area of one of the combustion chamber feeds away from the burner tip.
  • this return is usually passive, that is, the flow of hot exhaust gas into the interior of the burner does not have to be driven.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the burner has at least one inner backflow zone. In such a burner leads Return of the hot exhaust gases to the fact that this inner, central return flow zone the axis of the burner is stabilized by these hot exhaust gases.
  • the burner is a Double cone burner with at least two partial cone bodies positioned on top of one another cone shape opening in the direction of flow to the combustion chamber, the central axes this partial cone body is offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction, in such a way that tangential entry slots to the burner interior form over the length of the burner, through which inlet slots combustion air with simultaneous injection of fuel into the burner interior with the formation of a conical, swirling fuel column occurs, and then the mixture with formation of an inner backflow zone in the Combustion chamber emerges and burns there.
  • the stabilization of the backflow zone on the burner axis can be used efficiently.
  • the inner, central backflow zone is particularly effectively stabilized if the hot exhaust gas in the burner interior centrally in the vortex core, that is essentially on the burner axis, and also preferably as close as possible to the burner tip, d. H. at the point of the double cone burner with the smallest diameter.
  • the return of the hot exhaust gases can even be actively designed so that in particular an internal backflow zone is completely or partially prevented in partial load operation.
  • means are also provided which allow fuel to be mixed into the hot, recirculated exhaust gas.
  • Fuel that a self-igniting mixture is fed into the interior of the burner.
  • Fuel injection, exhaust gas temperature and flow velocity are also preferred matched to one another in such a way that a spontaneous ignition in the combustion chamber of the fuel takes place.
  • the recycled hot exhaust air is not only mixed with fuel, but also with pilot air.
  • the pilot air can be mixed in according to the injection principle, i.e. into the exhaust air flow driving way. Through the additional introduction of pilot air into the Exhaust air duct can use the burner in partial load operation with little additional air optimally regulated actively.
  • the mostly cold pilot air can on one side Adjustment of the temperature of the recirculated exhaust air used on the other
  • the pilot air can also be used to control the exhaust air flow, i.e. H. the flow velocity, to increase or decrease.
  • the pilot air With the help of the pilot air the self-ignition, d. H. in particular the auto-ignition location of the mixture of hot Exactly adjust the exhaust gas and fuel in or in front of the burner interior in the combustion chamber, d. H. optimize for influencing the backflow zones.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for operating a burner, such as he is described above.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation is dependent on the current burner power level switched on and off, and particularly preferred the recirculation of hot exhaust gas used in part-load operation.
  • the pilot air flow is used to to control the formation of the inner backflow zone, or else around the Block recirculation of the exhaust air so that the swirl of the main air flow is sufficient to cause the vertebra to burst.
  • Fig. 1 shows a double-cone burner 1, formed from two partial cone bodies 6, the axes are offset from one another in such a way that there is a slot 7 between the partial cone bodies 6 forms.
  • Combustion air 9b enters tangentially into the burner interior 14 through this slot 7 on.
  • the burner interior 14 from the side of the burner tip 2, at which the diameter of the burner is minimal, axial combustion air 9a is supplied.
  • the Tangential combustion air 9b is mixed with fuel 8 so that it is in the burner interior 14 forms a conical, swirling cone from a fuel-air mixture.
  • the burner interior 14 also axially, d. H. at the burner tip 2 in particular more liquid Fuel is fed through a central nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 Also shown in FIG. 1 is a graph which shows the axial speed distribution 13 as a function of the x coordinate along the burner axis 12 in the region of the inner backflow zone 11 visualized. It can be seen that at a certain point before the Burner mouth the axial velocity of the gas crosses the zero point and becomes negative, d. H. that exactly the backflow zone 11 is created. At the burner acc. FIG. 1 are burners such as those used in European patent applications EP 0 321 809 B1 and EP 0 433 790 B1.
  • FIG. 2 now shows how hot exhaust gas 17 from the combustion chamber 3, in particular, according to the invention preferably from the outer backflow zones 10 on the axial combustion chamber wall 5, is fed to the burner interior 14 via a return line 15.
  • the central injection section 16 of the return line 15 is advantageously on the burner axis 12 arranged so that the hot exhaust gas 17 in the vortex core of the conical, in the interior of the burner 14 forming fuel-combustion air cone is injected.
  • the river of the recirculated exhaust gas typically ranges from 2 to 10%.
  • the recirculated exhaust gas 17 is additionally mixed with fuel (pilot fuel 21), can self-igniting depending on the exhaust gas temperature T, fuel concentration and residence time Form mixture.
  • a double-cone burner 1 as described above e.g. a burner of the type EV 17 of the applicant
  • a double-cone burner 1 as described above typically occur nominal speeds of 30 m / s, where Residence times of 2 to 7 ms result.
  • the typical result Temperatures of the recirculated hot exhaust gas 17 from 700 to 800 degrees Celsius auto-ignition times so short that auto-ignition occurs before the mixture leaves the burner.
  • Fig. 4 now shows a section through a double-cone burner, in which the recirculated hot exhaust gas 17 influences the vortex core so strongly that there is no internal backflow zone 11 trains more.
  • This strong influence can take place in that either a large flow of hot exhaust gas 17 is injected into the vortex core, or in particular by adding additional fuel 21 to the hot exhaust gas 17 becomes. To a certain extent, it is a burner with active exhaust gas recirculation. Again, about 2 - 10% of the exhaust gas is recycled.
  • Flow velocity and exhaust gas temperature can be precisely coordinated.
  • pilot air 20 can in principle admixed with the hot exhaust gas 17 at any point in the return line 15 become.
  • the injection preferably takes place for sufficient mixing of pilot air and exhaust air at least 10 pipe diameters upstream of the injection point.
  • the leadership the pilot air 20 can advantageously be designed according to the injector principle, d. H. so that the flow velocity of the hot exhaust gases 17 is driven with the pilot air 20 can be.
  • the guidance of the pilot air 20 can be designed such that the recirculated exhaust gas flow 17 can be blocked, and the swirl of the main air flow sufficient to cause the vertebra to burst open.
  • the pilot air 20 at this If the arrangement is switched off, the stabilization takes place again via the auto-ignition process.
  • the pilot airflow 20 allows using relatively little additional Air, on the one hand the temperature of the recirculated exhaust gas 17 and thus the auto-ignition time adjust, as well as to control the formation of the inner recirculation zone.
  • typical way are less than 10% of the total burner air via the return (pilot and exhaust air) fed.
  • burners of the applicant's AEV type in which downstream of the swirl generator in the form of the double cone, a mixing section is arranged in the form of a tube (see, for example, EP 0 780 629 A2).
  • these burners consist of a swirl generator for one Combustion air flow, which swirl generator in the form of a double cone or also in Form of an axial or radial swirl generator can be present, and from means for injection of a fuel in the combustion air flow.
  • a mixing section is arranged downstream of the swirl generator, which within a first section in the flow direction transition channels to Transfer of a flow formed in the swirl generator into a downstream of the transition channels has re-designed tube, the outlet plane of this tube to the combustion chamber with a tear-off edge to stabilize and enlarge a downstream one Backflow zone is formed.
  • These burners also form behind the tear-off edge a stable inner and outer return flow zones in the combustion chamber.
  • the return of the hot exhaust gases for stabilization in part-load operation also takes place here the combustion chamber, particularly preferably tapped next to the burner mouth, via a return line instead of the hot exhaust gases, possibly with the addition of pilot air and / or fuel preferably axially in the center of the burner tip, that is to say in this Inject trap into the center of the end of the swirl generator facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • the new method of exhaust gas recirculation can also be used with a burner, such as the one used is described in DE 19640198 A1.
  • the one in front of the mixing tube arranged swirl generator is cylindrical in such a burner, has but in its interior a conical inner body running in the direction of flow on.
  • the outer casing of the interior is arranged tangentially Air inlet channels broken through which a combustion air flow into the interior flows.
  • the fuel is arranged via a central one located at the tip of the inner body Fuel nozzle injected. Even with such a burner forms behind the The tear-off edge has a stable inner and outer return flow zones in the combustion chamber.
  • axially centered means that the injection preferably at the tip of the inner body tapering in the flow direction to the swirl center, i.e. in the region of the fuel injection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP02405345A 2001-06-01 2002-04-26 Brûleur avec recirculation des gaz de combustion Withdrawn EP1262714A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH20011010 2001-06-01
CH10102001 2001-06-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1262714A1 true EP1262714A1 (fr) 2002-12-04

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EP (1) EP1262714A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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EP1845307A1 (fr) * 2006-04-13 2007-10-17 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Brûleur à prémélange d'huile et son procédé de fonctionnement
DE102022101126A1 (de) 2022-01-19 2023-07-20 Vaillant Gmbh Anordnung von einem Brenner und einem UV-Sensor für eine Flammenüberwachung eines Heizgerätes, Brennkammer für ein Heizgerät und Heizgerät

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