EP0415807A2 - Procédé de décapage en bain acide de produits métalliques contenant du titane ou un élément chimique de la famille du titane - Google Patents
Procédé de décapage en bain acide de produits métalliques contenant du titane ou un élément chimique de la famille du titane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0415807A2 EP0415807A2 EP90402144A EP90402144A EP0415807A2 EP 0415807 A2 EP0415807 A2 EP 0415807A2 EP 90402144 A EP90402144 A EP 90402144A EP 90402144 A EP90402144 A EP 90402144A EP 0415807 A2 EP0415807 A2 EP 0415807A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- acid
- oxidizing agent
- pickling
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000208317 Petroselinum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011197 perejil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical group [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910010062 TiCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010068 TiCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008373 pickled product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L titanium(ii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+2] ZWYDDDAMNQQZHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010342 TiF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008436 biogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound OOB=O PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004968 peroxymonosulfuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLPMQGKZYAYAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ti](F)F NLPMQGKZYAYAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/10—Other heavy metals
- C23G1/106—Other heavy metals refractory metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for carrying out the pickling, in an acid bath, of metallic products containing titanium or at least one element of the chemical family of titanium.
- the pickling operation consists of immersing the finished products in pickling baths composed of nitric acid HNO3 and hydrofluoric acid HF in a proportion of 6 to 16% of HNO3 per liter and from 1 to 5 % of HF per liter, the temperature of use of the baths being between 40 ° C to 60 ° C.
- nitric acid an acid which leads to the creation of particularly toxic NO2 vapor, and of nitrates in the effluents (nitrites and nitrates). If the maximum authorized nitrate content limit is relatively high, that relating to nitrites is much lower because nitrites lead to the formation of harmful substances nitrosamines.
- titanium transforms into TiCl3 which sublimates at 80 ° C. Before sublimation, TiCl3 decomposes into TiCl4 + TiCl2 according to the equation: 2 TiCl3 TiCl4 + TiCl2 (I)
- TiCl4 is particularly volatile, its vapor pressure at 50 ° C being equal to 42 mm of Hg.
- the subject of the invention is a process for pickling in an acid medium metallurgical products containing titanium or at least one element of the chemical family of titanium, process by which an oxidizing agent is introduced into the acid bath, avoiding the drawbacks of pickling processes described above, characterized in that, to increase the pickling kinetics, at least one peroxygen compound of titanium or at least one element of the titanium family included in the product to be stripped is formed, the metal being ionized to a higher valence, the formation of the peroxygen compound is monitored by a measurement of the redox potential, and - The amount of oxidizing agent is limited so as to maintain a redox potential below the passivation potential of the metal product.
- Such a method is based on the fact that the oxygenated compounds of the metal, when they are ionized at a higher valence, are aggressive with respect to the metal itself and its oxides ionized at a lower valence.
- the term “ionization” to a higher valency is understood in particular to mean ions such as titanate, vanadate; zirconate, niobate, tantalate and uranate.
- the acid pickling bath is a bath containing essentially an acid chosen from hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and formic acid, but another acid can be used.
- an acid chosen from hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and formic acid, but another acid can be used.
- an agent with a strong oxidizing power is introduced into the acid bath, which results in the formation of at least one peroxygen compound of the metal.
- titanium and the elements of the titanium family form with the oxidants oxygenated compounds.
- compounds of the type are obtained M being Ti or one of the elements of the chemical family of Ti. These compounds constitute persalts, particularly oxidizing substances.
- the oxidizing agent is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide or a gas such as ozone or oxygen.
- the hydrogen peroxide is introduced directly into the acid bath in an amount of less than 0.50% by weight; it can also be introduced in the form of a persalt or a peracid, a body which by decomposition in an acid medium gives hydrogen peroxide.
- Urea peroxide can be used in an amount less than 1.2% by weight.
- the method according to the invention relates to a pickling process in an acid bath of metallic products or metallic alloys containing titanium or at least one element of the chemical family of titanium, in particular vanadium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and uranium.
- the pickling reaction mechanism will be similar for the different metals mentioned and for the alloys.
- the basic acid bath is preferably a hydrofluoric acid bath, the concentration of which is in the range 0.2-10% by weight.
- Other acids can be used such as for example sulfuric acid, provided that they contain a peroxygenated form of the metallic element of the titanium family included in the product to be stripped.
- Titanium trifluoride transforms into TiF4 tetrafluoride in the presence of an excess of HF.
- the method according to the invention consists in forming at least one oxygenated compound of the metal ionized to its higher valency and in the case of titanium stripping a peroxygenated titanium compound, pertitanate, which is particularly aggressive towards with respect to titanium and its oxides.
- pertitanate is obtained for example by the action of hydrogen peroxide on titanium fluoride, according to the reactions: Ti4+ + H2O2 + 2H2O ⁇ TiO42 ⁇ + 6H+ (III) 2TiO42 ⁇ + Ti + 16 H+ ⁇ 3Ti4+ + 8H2O (IV)
- reaction (IV) there is no longer an excess of H2 but the formation of H2O, which reduces the effect of the introduction of H+ into the meshes of the crystal lattice of the metal or of the alloy to be stripped and thereby reduces the embrittlement of the pickled product.
- Pertitanate can also be obtained by the action of urea peroxide which, by decomposition, gives hydrogen peroxide. This compound is solid, therefore more easily transportable.
- pertitanate can be achieved by injecting ozone into the bath.
- the pertitanate formation reactions are then: Ti4+ + O3 + H2O ⁇ Ti42 ⁇ + H2+ (V) 2TiO42 ⁇ + Ti + 16 H+ ⁇ 3Ti4+ + 8H2O (VI)
- Ozone can be replaced by oxygen.
- persalts that can be used are in particular: permanganates, persulfates, pertitanates, pervanadates, perborates ...
- Peracids also breaking down into H2O2 in an acid medium can be used.
- perboric acid pertitanic acid, peracetic acid, persulfuric acid which are mainly acids used in other fields of industry.
- REDOX potential is the potential difference measured between a non-corrodable electrode (for example platinum) and a reference electrode (for example Ag / AgCl or saturated calomel), these two electrodes being immersed in the bath to be studied.
- the measured value makes it possible, on the one hand, to characterize the oxidizing power of the pickling bath and on the other hand, to readjust the bath by introducing chemical compounds in order to maintain a determined oxidizing power of the bath.
- the redox potential is notably included in the interval: (+ 150, - 350) mV / Ag / Agcl.
- the method according to the invention improves the pickling efficiency of titanium and its alloys, elements of the chemical family of titanium and their alloys, and this by using a base bath preferably containing only one acid, oxidizing bath the main oxidizing agent of which is a peroxygen compound of titanium or of an element of the titanium family.
- the loss in weight of flat products is 40 to 80 g / m2.
- the surface condition obtained is comparable to that obtained using the hydrofluoric nitro process. There is no over-stripping effect.
- the use of hydrogen peroxide gives a treated, bleached surface with appreciable aesthetic appearance.
- the advantage of the process according to the invention lies in particular in the fact that the oxidant is created "in situ" without the addition of toxic or polluting substances.
- the pickling reaction being carried out mainly by pertitanate and / or a peroxide of the elements of the titanium family, the consumption to hydrofluoric acid is reduced.
- peroxygenated compounds pertitanates, perzirconates, pertantalates, perniobates, peruranates, pervanadates
- H2O2 a substance which is particularly interesting from an ecological point of view because it breaks down into H2O and O2, an element favorable to biogenesis.
- the method according to the invention therefore leads to the reduction, or even the elimination, of toxic substances in the atmosphere and in the effluents.
- the treatment is in accordance with ministerial instructions from industrialized countries.
- a treatment with lime milk leads to precipitation of metallic hydroxides without rejection of toxic anionic forms, which is not the case with nitrates, all of which are soluble in water.
- the process according to the invention is a clean and ecological process.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- La présente invention concerne un procédé pour effectuer le décapage, en bain acide, de produits métalliques contenant du titane ou au moins un élément de la famille chimique du titane.
- On sait, dans le domaine de la métallurgie, qu'au cours de l'élaboration, les produits métalliques ou les alliages métalliques, soumis à des opérations de corroyage et de traitement thermique, se recouvrent d'une couche de calamine. Aussi faut-il, compte de la nécessité d'obtenir une belle quantité de surface sur les produits finis, enlever la totalité de la couche de calamine formée par une opération de décapage.
- Selon un procédé connu, l'opération de décapage consiste à plonger les produits finis dans des bains de décapage composés d'acide nitrique HNO₃ et d'acide fluorhydrique HF dans une proportion de 6 à 16 % de HNO₃ par litre et de 1 à 5 % de HF par litre, la température d'utilisation des bains étant comprise dans un intervalle de 40° C à 60° C.
- L'un des bains de décapage le plus employé pour décaper le titane est à base d'acide nitrique, acide qui conduit à la création de vapeur NO₂ particulièrement toxique, et de produits nitrés dans les effluents (nitrites et nitrates). Si la teneur limite maximale autorisée de nitrate est relativement élevée, celle relative aux nitrites est beaucoup plus faible car les nitrites conduisent à la formation de nitrosamines, substances nocives.
- On connaît également un procédé de décapage des produits métallurgiques à base de titane consistant en l'utilisation de bain composé d'un mélange d'acides halogénés contenant principalement de l'acide chlorhydrique HCl et fluorhydrique HF.
- L'inconvénient de ce procédé est qu'en se dissolvant, le titane est réduit à la valence III et forme des composés volatils.
- Par exemple, le titane en se dissolvant dans l'acide chlorhydrique se transforme en TiCl₃ qui se sublime dès 80° C. Avant sublimation, le TiCl₃ se décompose en TiCl₄ + TiCl₂ suivant l'équation :
2 TiCl₃ TiCl₄ + TiCl₂ (I) - Le TiCl₄ est particulièrement volatil, sa tension de vapeur à 50° C étant égale à 42 mm de Hg.
- L'invention a pour objet un procédé de décapage en milieu acide de produits métallurgiques contenant du titane ou au moins un élément de la famille chimique du titane, procédé par lequel on introduit dans le bain acide un oxydant, évitant les inconvénients des procédés de décapage décrits ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que, pour augmenter la cinétique de décapage,
- on forme au moins un composé peroxygéné du titane ou au moins d'un élément de la famille du titane inclus dans le produit à décaper, le métal étant ionisé à une valence supérieure,
- on contrôle la formation du composé peroxygéné par une mesure du potentiel redox, et
- on limite la quantité d'agent oxydant de façon à conserver un potentiel d'oxydoréduction au-dessous du potentiel de passivation du produit métallique. - Un tel procédé est basé sur le fait que les composés oxygénés du métal, lorsqu'ils sont ionisés à une valence supérieure, sont agressifs vis à vis du métal lui-même et de ses oxydes ionisés à une valence inférieure. On entend par ionisation à une valence supérieure notamment les ions tels que titanate, vanadate; zirconate, niobate, tantalate et uranate.
- De préférence, le bain acide de décapage est un bain contenant essentiellement un acide choisi parmi l'acide fluorhydrique, l'acide sulfurique, l'acide chlorhydrique, l'acide phosphorique, et l'acide formique, mais on peut utiliser un autre acide pouvant décaper le titane oxydé ou un mélange d'acides minéraux tel que HF-H₂SO₄.
- Pour engendrer la cinétique de décapage, on introduit dans le bain acide un agent à fort pouvoir oxydant, qui entraîne la formation d'au moins un composé peroxygéné du métal.
- Il est à remarquer que le titane et les éléments de la famille du titane forment avec les oxydants des composés oxygénés. Suivant le degré d'oxydation atteint on obtient des composés du type
- De préférence l'agent oxydant est choisi parmi le peroxyde d'hydrogène, le peroxyde d'urée ou un gaz tel que l'ozone ou l'oxygène.
- Le peroxyde d'hydrogène est introduit directement dans le bain aicde en une quantité inférieure à 0,50% en poids; il peut être aussi introduit sous la forme d'un persel ou d'un peracide, corps qui par décomposition en milieu acide donne du peroxyde d'hydrogène. Le peroxyde d'urée peut être utilisé en une quantité inférieure à 1,2% en poids.
- La description qui suit fera mieux comprendre l'invention.
- Le procédé selon l'invention concerne un procédé de décapage en bain acide de produits métalliques ou d'alliages métalliques contenant du titane ou au moins un élément de la famille chimique du titane notamment le vanadium, le zirconium, le niobium, le tantale et l'uranium.
- Le mécanisme de la réaction de décapage sera semblable pour les différents métaux cités et pour les alliages.
- A titre d'exemple explicatif, nous décrirons en détail le procédé de décapage du titane.
- Le bain acide de base est préférentiellement un bain d'acide fluorhydrique dont la concentration est comprise dans l'intervalle 0,2-10 % en poids. D'autres acides peuvent être utilisés comme par exemple l'acide sulfurique, à condition qu'ils contiennent une forme peroxygénée de l'élément métallique de la famille du titane inclus dans le produit à décaper.
-
- Le trifluorure de titane se transforme en tétrafluorure TiF₄ en présence d'un excès de HF.
- Pour augmenter la cinétique de décapage le procédé selon l'invention consiste à former au moins un composé oxygéné du métal ionisé à sa valence supérieure et dans le cas du décapage du titane un composé peroxygéné du titane, le pertitanate, lequel est particulièrement agressif vis-à-vis du titane et de ses oxydes.
- La formation de pertitanate est obtenue par exemple par l'action du peroxyde d'hydrogène sur le fluorure de titane, suivant les réactions :
Ti⁴⁺ + H₂O₂ + 2H₂O → TiO₄²⁻ + 6H⁺ (III)
2TiO₄²⁻ + Ti + 16 H⁺ → 3Ti⁴⁺ + 8H₂O (IV) - Dans la réaction (IV), il n'y a plus excès de H² mais formation d'H₂O, ce qui réduit l'effet de l'introduction de H⁺ dans les mailles du réseau cristallin du métal ou de l'alliage à décaper et de ce fait réduit la fragilisation du produit décapé.
- Le pertitanate peut être aussi obtenu par l'action de peroxyde d'urée qui, par décomposition, donne du peroxyde d'hydrogène. Ce composé est solide, donc plus facilement transportable.
- D'une autre façon, la formation du pertitanate peut être obtenue en injectant de l'ozone dans le bain. Les réactions de formation du pertitanate sont alors :
Ti⁴⁺ + O₃ + H₂O → Ti₄²⁻ + H₂⁺ (V)
2TiO₄²⁻ + Ti + 16 H⁺ → 3Ti⁴⁺ + 8H₂O (VI) - L'ozone peut être remplacé par de l'oxygène.
- Il est connu que l'introduction d'un persel dans un milieu acide donne par décomposition un peroxyde d'hydrogène. Les persels pouvant être utilisés sont notamment : les permanganates, les persulfates, les pertitanates, les pervanadates, les perborates ...
- Les peracides se décomposant aussi en H₂O₂ dans un milieu acide peuvent être utilisés. On peut citer notamment : l'acide perborique, l'acide pertitanique, l'acide peracétique, l'acide persulfurique qui sont principalement des acides utilisés dans d'autres domaines de l'industrie.
- La formation de l'ion TiO₄²⁻ est contrôlée par mesure du potentiel d'oxydo-réduction du bain de décapage. Le potentiel REDOX est la différence de potentiel mesurée entre une électrode non corrodable (par exemple de platine) et une électrode de référence (par exemple Ag/AgCl ou calomel saturé), ces deux électrodes étant immergées dans le bain à étudier. La valeur mesurée permet, d'une part, de caractériser le pouvoir oxydant du bain de décapage et d'autre part, de réajuster le bain par introduction de composés chimiques afin de conserver un pouvoir oxydant déterminé du bain. Pour le décapage du titane ou d'un composé du titane, le potentiel d'oxydoréduction est notamment compris dans l'intervalle :
(+ 150, - 350) mV/Ag/Agcl. - Le procédé selon l'invention améliore l'efficacité de décapage du titane et de ses alliages, des éléments de la famille chimique du titane et leurs alliages et cela en utilisant un bain de base ne contenant de préférence qu'un seul acide, bain oxydant dont l'agent oxydant principal est un composé peroxygéné du titane ou d'un élément de la famille du titane.
- Dans un exemple de décapage du titane par le procédé selon l'invention, la perte en poids de produits plats est de 40 à 80 g/m². L'état de surface obtenu est comparable à celui obtenu à l'aide du procédé nitro-fluorhydrique. Il ne se produit pas d'effet de surdécapage. L'utilisation de peroxyde d'hydrogène donne une surface traitée, blanchie et d'aspect esthétique appréciable.
- L'intérêt du procédé selon l'invention réside en particulier dans le fait ue l'oxydant est créé "in situ" sans addition de substances toxiques ou polluantes.
- La réaction de décapage étant réalisée principalement par le pertitanate et/ou un peroxyde des éléments de la famille du titane, la consommation en acide fluorhydrique est réduite.
- Ce procédé n'engendre pas de pollution dans l'air atmosphérique; les effluents peuvent être de plus traités et recyclés, ce qui entraîne une augmentation de la durée d'utilisation des bains de décapage.
- La formation de composés peroxygénés (pertitanates, perzirconates, pertantalates, perniobates, peruranates, pervanadates) requiert l'addition de H₂O₂, substance particulièrement intéressante sur le plan écologique car elle se décompose en H₂O et O₂, élément favorable à la biogenèse.
- Le procédé selon l'invention conduit donc à la diminution, voire à la suppression, de substances toxiques dans l'atmosphère et dans les effluents.
- En ce qui concerne les effluents et les bains usés, le traitement est en conformité vis-à-vis des instructions ministérielles des pays industrialisés. Par exemple, un traitement par le lait de chaux conduit à une précipitation des hydroxydes métalliques sans rejet de formes anioniques toxiques, ce qui n'est pas le cas des nitrates, tous solubles dans l'eau. Le procédé selon l'invention est un procédé propre et écologique.
- L'utilisation d'un bain oxydant, sans excès d'hydrogène, évite la diffusion de l'hydrogène dans les mailles du réseau métallique de la pièce décapée, comme cela se produit dans un bain réducteur. On réduit ainsi la fragilisation des produits décapés.
Claims (12)
- on forme au moins un composé peroxygéné du titane ou au moins d'un élément de la famille du titane inclus dans le produit à décaper, le métal étant ionisé à une valence supérieure,
- on contrôle la formation du composé peroxygéné par une mesure du potentiel redox, et
- on limite la quantité d'agent oxydant de façon à conserver un potentiel d'oxydoréduction au-dessous du potentiel de passivation du produit métallique.
(+ 150, - 350) mV/Ag/AgCl.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8910093A FR2650303B1 (fr) | 1989-07-26 | 1989-07-26 | Procede de decapage en bain acide de produits metalliques contenant du titane ou au moins un element chimique de la famille du titane |
FR8910093 | 1989-07-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0415807A2 true EP0415807A2 (fr) | 1991-03-06 |
EP0415807A3 EP0415807A3 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
EP0415807B1 EP0415807B1 (fr) | 1994-10-19 |
Family
ID=9384174
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90402144A Expired - Lifetime EP0415807B1 (fr) | 1989-07-26 | 1990-07-25 | Procédé de décapage en bain acide de produits métalliques contenant du titane ou un élément chimique de la famille du titane |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0415807B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2945136B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100191864B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE113080T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU634277B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2037893C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69013447T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2064686T3 (fr) |
FI (1) | FI93371C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2650303B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2168560C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1991002109A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0592892A1 (fr) * | 1992-10-12 | 1994-04-20 | Itb S.R.L. | Procédé continu de décapage et de passivation de rubans en titane sans utilisation d'acide nitrique |
WO1998026111A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-09 | 1998-06-18 | Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. | Procede de decapage de produits constitues d'un alliage de metaux contenant du fer et de produits realises en titane ou en alliages de titane |
WO1998038353A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-09-03 | Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. | Montures de lunettes inalterables a differentes temperatures et leur procede de fabrication |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3751324B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-10 | 2006-03-01 | 忠弘 大見 | 基体の表面洗浄方法及び表面洗浄剤 |
RU2496819C1 (ru) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-10-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" | Травитель для титана |
KR101669718B1 (ko) | 2014-07-01 | 2016-10-27 | 김동회 | 입체 전란각을 갖는 부화기 |
Citations (7)
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---|---|---|---|---|
GB360126A (en) * | 1929-10-19 | 1931-11-05 | Hirsch Kupfer & Messingwerke | Method of pickling oxidised metals |
US3258429A (en) * | 1963-09-19 | 1966-06-28 | Ronald D Weed | Decontamination solution and method |
DE2358683A1 (de) * | 1973-11-24 | 1975-06-05 | Kalman Von Dipl Phys Soos | Verfahren zum beizen und aetzen von metallen |
GB2000196A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1979-01-04 | Tokai Electro Chemical Co | Controlling stainless steel pickling solution by hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid addition |
FR2587369A1 (fr) * | 1985-09-19 | 1987-03-20 | Ugine Gueugnon Sa | Procede de decapage acide de produits en acier inoxydable |
JPS6277489A (ja) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-09 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | 金属材料の酸洗法 |
JPS62109998A (ja) * | 1985-11-07 | 1987-05-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 弁金属の陽極酸化前処理方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS526853B2 (fr) * | 1972-12-22 | 1977-02-25 | ||
SU992179A1 (ru) * | 1981-09-17 | 1983-01-30 | Фрунзенский политехнический институт | Машина ударного действи |
EP0259533A1 (fr) * | 1986-09-11 | 1988-03-16 | Eka Nobel Aktiebolag | Procédé pour diminuer l'emission d'oxydes de nitrogène à partir de liquides contenant de l'acide nitrique |
-
1989
- 1989-07-26 FR FR8910093A patent/FR2650303B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-07-25 EP EP90402144A patent/EP0415807B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-25 RU SU4895068/12A patent/RU2168560C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-25 DE DE69013447T patent/DE69013447T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-25 WO PCT/FR1990/000564 patent/WO1991002109A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1990-07-25 AT AT90402144T patent/ATE113080T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-25 AU AU61684/90A patent/AU634277B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-25 KR KR1019910700229A patent/KR100191864B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-25 JP JP2511471A patent/JP2945136B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-25 CA CA002037893A patent/CA2037893C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-25 ES ES90402144T patent/ES2064686T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-22 FI FI911398A patent/FI93371C/fi active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB360126A (en) * | 1929-10-19 | 1931-11-05 | Hirsch Kupfer & Messingwerke | Method of pickling oxidised metals |
US3258429A (en) * | 1963-09-19 | 1966-06-28 | Ronald D Weed | Decontamination solution and method |
DE2358683A1 (de) * | 1973-11-24 | 1975-06-05 | Kalman Von Dipl Phys Soos | Verfahren zum beizen und aetzen von metallen |
GB2000196A (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1979-01-04 | Tokai Electro Chemical Co | Controlling stainless steel pickling solution by hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid addition |
FR2587369A1 (fr) * | 1985-09-19 | 1987-03-20 | Ugine Gueugnon Sa | Procede de decapage acide de produits en acier inoxydable |
JPS6277489A (ja) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-09 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | 金属材料の酸洗法 |
JPS62109998A (ja) * | 1985-11-07 | 1987-05-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 弁金属の陽極酸化前処理方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 107, no. 26, 28 décembre 1987, page 82, résumé no. 241263w, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-62 077 489 (NIPPON MINING) 09-04-1987 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 11, no. 322 (C-453)[2769], 20 octobre 1987; & JP-A-62 109 998 (KOBE STEEL) 21-05-1987 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0592892A1 (fr) * | 1992-10-12 | 1994-04-20 | Itb S.R.L. | Procédé continu de décapage et de passivation de rubans en titane sans utilisation d'acide nitrique |
WO1998026111A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-09 | 1998-06-18 | Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. | Procede de decapage de produits constitues d'un alliage de metaux contenant du fer et de produits realises en titane ou en alliages de titane |
WO1998038353A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-09-03 | Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. | Montures de lunettes inalterables a differentes temperatures et leur procede de fabrication |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2037893A1 (fr) | 1991-01-27 |
DE69013447T2 (de) | 1995-02-23 |
AU634277B2 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
FR2650303A1 (fr) | 1991-02-01 |
FR2650303B1 (fr) | 1993-12-10 |
AU6168490A (en) | 1991-03-11 |
JPH04501139A (ja) | 1992-02-27 |
EP0415807A3 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
WO1991002109A1 (fr) | 1991-02-21 |
CA2037893C (fr) | 2001-07-24 |
DE69013447D1 (de) | 1994-11-24 |
FI93371C (fi) | 1995-03-27 |
KR920701524A (ko) | 1992-08-11 |
ATE113080T1 (de) | 1994-11-15 |
ES2064686T3 (es) | 1995-02-01 |
FI93371B (fi) | 1994-12-15 |
FI911398A0 (fi) | 1991-03-22 |
KR100191864B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
EP0415807B1 (fr) | 1994-10-19 |
RU2168560C2 (ru) | 2001-06-10 |
JP2945136B2 (ja) | 1999-09-06 |
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