EP0410993B1 - Bloc de construction pour facade en verre - Google Patents

Bloc de construction pour facade en verre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0410993B1
EP0410993B1 EP89904552A EP89904552A EP0410993B1 EP 0410993 B1 EP0410993 B1 EP 0410993B1 EP 89904552 A EP89904552 A EP 89904552A EP 89904552 A EP89904552 A EP 89904552A EP 0410993 B1 EP0410993 B1 EP 0410993B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glass
anchoring
panes
cross
kit according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89904552A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0410993A1 (fr
Inventor
Günter WERNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE8805126U external-priority patent/DE8805126U1/de
Priority claimed from DE8810437U external-priority patent/DE8810437U1/de
Priority claimed from DE8811937U external-priority patent/DE8811937U1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT89904552T priority Critical patent/ATE81704T1/de
Publication of EP0410993A1 publication Critical patent/EP0410993A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0410993B1 publication Critical patent/EP0410993B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
    • E04B2/92—Sandwich-type panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/96—Curtain walls comprising panels attached to the structure through mullions or transoms
    • E04B2/967—Details of the cross-section of the mullions or transoms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/5427—Fixing of glass panes or like plates the panes mounted flush with the surrounding frame or with the surrounding panes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a kit for a glass facade for a building, with support profiles that can be attached to the outer surface of the building to form a facade substructure, and with glass panes that form the facade outer surface, each of which has an adhesive holding rail on the inside at least on its two vertical edges, which can be positively connected to the supporting profiles , wherein the edges of the glass panes are chamfered outwards, with an anchoring body securing the glass panes in a form-fitting manner being inserted at the joints formed between adjacent glass panes, which overlaps the chamfered edges of the glass panes and is positively and releasably connected to the supporting profile.
  • glass facades have become increasingly popular for new buildings as well as for the renovation of older buildings.
  • Office buildings in particular are increasingly being constructed with glass facades.
  • the glass facade can directly form the outer skin of the building.
  • the facade substructure consisting of the support profiles is attached to the outside of a supporting building structure made of steel profiles or concrete. If the glass facade is designed as a warm facade, insulating glass panes are usually used.
  • Retaining profiles connected to the facade substructure reach around the edges of the glass panes to secure the glass panes. These holding profiles therefore form a frame which projects beyond the outer surfaces of the glass panes, but which makes cleaning the glass panes more difficult and which is less desirable for aesthetic reasons because it divides the glass facade optically too strongly into a grid of individual glass panes.
  • the side edges of the outer panes of double glazing are chamfered and are positively held by short flat anchoring bodies inserted into the joints, which are screwed to the substructure.
  • the anchoring bodies designed as thin plates and the relatively thin screws used for fastening are not suitable for absorbing larger holding forces, which can occur in particular if, in the course of time, several glass panes arranged one above the other have come loose from their bonding. Since the anchoring bodies and the screws holding them are embedded in a mass filling the joint after assembly, assembly and disassembly are relatively complex.
  • EP-A-223 132 also discloses the possibility of an interlocking securing device which is additionally used for gluing the glass panes.
  • the anchoring body described there lies outside the glass outside, so that there is no smooth, continuous outer surface of the glass facade.
  • This anchoring body is also not suitable for absorbing the relatively high vertical forces which can build up under a plurality of glass panes which are arranged one above the other when their bonding has become detached.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a kit for a glass facade of the type mentioned, in which a highly loadable and easy to assemble and disassemble form-fitting securing of the glass panes is guaranteed.
  • edges of the glass panes are chamfered to the outside, an anchoring body securing the glass panes in a form-fitting manner being inserted at the joints formed between adjacent glass panes, which overlaps the chamfered edges of the glass panes and is connected to the supporting profile in a form-fitting and detachable manner is.
  • the anchoring crosses are easy to assemble and disassemble. Through the anchoring crosses, the glass panes are held at the specified distances from each other both horizontally and vertically. Since the horizontal arms of the anchoring cross extend into the horizontal joints between the glass panes and rest on the bevelled edges, relatively high vertical forces can also be absorbed. Each anchoring cross forms a stable anchoring body, which can therefore be attached with relatively high force.
  • Additional joint profiles are preferably inserted between the anchoring crosses.
  • all joints formed between the glass panes are covered, so that an essentially dense glass facade is created.
  • This effect can be further supported by the fact that the arms of the anchoring crosses, like the joint profiles, each carry a sealing strip on their lateral inclined surfaces which engage with the two edges of the glass panes.
  • This elastic sealing strip also serves to absorb thermal expansion of the glass panes without tension.
  • the glass facade according to the invention is suitable for forming both a warm facade and a cold facade.
  • the glass facade as a cold facade is hung at a distance in front of a building facade with windows and forms an additional heat and sound insulation.
  • the curtain wall is particularly suitable for retrofitting to existing buildings, the existing facade of which can remain essentially unchanged.
  • the sealing achieved between the glass panes prevents heat loss and in particular the penetration of dirt, rain water and snow.
  • the vertical holding rails glued to the glass panes each have at least one projecting hanging element on their rear side facing away from the glass pane, which can be hung on a supporting component which is attached to the supporting profile is height adjustable attached.
  • This height-adjustable attachment of the support member makes it possible to compensate for deviations caused by manufacturing tolerances and assembly inaccuracies of the facade substructure so that the Glass pane can be attached to the facade substructure at the specified height and exactly vertically. Since the supporting component is accessible from the outside as long as the glass pane is not suspended, the supporting components can be adjusted from the outside, for example by means of a gauge, before the glass pane is suspended. But it is also possible to hang the glass pane first, determine its positional deviation, then unhook the glass pane again and adjust the height of the supporting component so that the positional deviation of the glass pane is compensated.
  • the glass facade for a building consisting of the kit according to the invention, designed as a cold facade, the essential parts of which are shown in FIG. 1, has one facade substructure consisting of support profiles 1, the support profiles 1 being arranged vertically and horizontally along the edges of glass panes. 1 shows a section through a vertical support profile 1.
  • the support profile 1 forms a U-shaped central section 2, which has an outer web surface 3 and two legs 4, 5 directed inward therefrom.
  • One leg 4 is extended further inward compared to the other leg 5 and is laterally fastened by means of screws 6 to a vertical support bracket 7, which is attached to the outer wall of the building (not shown) on the one hand and projects into the U-shaped central section 2 on the other hand.
  • the support bracket 7 can also be part of a support structure of a building.
  • An angle rail 8 extends laterally from the inner ends of the legs 4 and 5 of the U-shaped central section 2, the inner angle leg 9 of which extends parallel to the facade surface and to which an outwardly directed angle leg 10 is connected perpendicularly thereto.
  • the glass panes 12 forming the facade outer surface 11 are each provided with a glued-on holding rail 13 at least on their two vertical edges.
  • a permanently elastic adhesive layer 14 is provided between the holding rail 13 and the glass pane 12.
  • the holding rail 13 has an angle leg 15 which is glued to the glass pane 12 and an angle leg 16 which extends inward perpendicularly thereto.
  • suspension bolts 17 are fastened, preferably welded, one above the other, which are suspended in suspension slots 18 of the angle legs 10 of the support profile 1.
  • These suspension slots 18 run vertically in the angle legs 10 and are open at their upper end to the outside, so that the glass panes 12 connected to the suspension bolts 17 can be suspended.
  • each individual glass pane 12 are directed towards one another.
  • the angle legs 16 of the holding rails 13 engage in the space open to the outside behind the angle legs 10.
  • a further angle rail 8a is provided in one piece, the outer angle leg 8b of which runs parallel to and at a distance from the angle leg 10 and covers the ends of the suspension bolts 17.
  • the outer edge of the angle leg 8b is sealed off from the edge of the holding rail 13 by means of a sealing lip 8c.
  • the vertical and horizontal edges 19 of the glass panes 12 are beveled outwards, for example under 451, as shown in the drawing .
  • the V-shaped joint profile 20 is integrally connected at its apex to an inwardly extending rib 21.
  • the joint profile 20 has on its outside a flat longitudinal groove 23 that extends over a substantial part of the width of the joint profile 20.
  • a profile rail 25 is attached to the end face 24 of the web surface 3, which profile rail forms an outwardly open channel 26 into which the rib 21 projects.
  • the bottom of the channel 26 is formed by a web wall 27 which has keyhole-shaped suspension openings 28.
  • Head bolts 29 screwed into the rib 21 from behind are hooked into the suspension openings 28, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the threaded shaft of the head bolts 29 can be screwed into the rib 21 at the desired depth in order to align the joint profiles 20 and can be secured in this position by a lock nut 30.
  • connection between the profile rail 25 and the web surface 3 is preferably made by plastic connecting elements 31, which are designed as sliding blocks and engage in undercut grooves 32 in the mutually facing surfaces of the profile rail 25 and the web surface 3.
  • an anchoring cross 33 is inserted, which overlaps the chamfered edges 19 of the glass panes 12.
  • Each anchoring cross is positively and detachably connected to the support profile 1, preferably screwed.
  • the arms 33a of the anchoring cross 33 are approximately V-shaped in cross section and are integrally connected at their apex to an inwardly projecting rib 33b.
  • the ribs 33b are connected in one piece to a bush 33c which extends over the entire depth of the anchoring cross 33 and preferably up to the supporting profile 1 (FIG. 3).
  • a screw 33e is arranged, the head of which is countersunk and which is screwed into the support profile 1.
  • the anchoring crosses 33 form the form-fitting securing of the glass panes 12, while the joint profiles 20 essentially close only the joints between the glass panes 12.
  • the anchoring crosses 33 also prevent the joint profiles 20 from being unintentionally detached.
  • the joint profiles 20 and the arms 33a of the anchoring crosses 33e each carry an elastic sealing strip 22, for example made of an elastomer, on the lateral inclined surfaces which overlap the two edges 19 of the glass panes 12.
  • an elastic sealing strip 22 for example made of an elastomer
  • the anchoring crosses 33 can be attached after the glass panes 12 have been hung in and can be detached for dismantling a glass pane, for example in the event of damage.
  • the form-fitting securing of the glass panes 12 can also be carried out by means of the joint profiles 20 if these are designed as elongated anchoring profiles 20, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the embodiment of a warm facade according to FIG. 4 has a facade substructure consisting of vertical support profiles 101 and horizontal support profiles 102.
  • the support profiles 101 and 102 are each arranged behind the joints of glass panes 103, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are designed as double glazing with double glazing.
  • transparent glass panes opaque, for example enamelled glass panes or similar facade panels can also be used.
  • the support profile 101 has a rear wall 104 on its rear side facing the inside of the building, which is interrupted by a center piece 105 which is offset outwards.
  • a leg 106 projects inward from the rear wall 104 and is intended for fastening to the building.
  • the support profile 101 forms an outwardly open trough in which webs 108, 109 project perpendicularly from side walls 107 and from the central section 105 and are arranged parallel to the plane of the glass panes 103. On these mutually projecting, spaced-apart webs 108, 109, support plates 110 are screwed with their two vertical edges.
  • the glass panes 103 forming the facade outer surfaces are each provided with an adhered holding rail 111 on their two vertical edges on the inside.
  • the holding rail 111 is designed as a rectangular hollow profile.
  • a permanently elastic adhesive layer 112 is arranged in each case between the holding rail 111 and the glass pane 103.
  • a vertical web strip 113 which is made in one piece with it, protrudes from the rear of the holding rail 111. As can be seen in FIG. 5, this web strip 113 is released in such a way that it forms a hook 114, for example open at the bottom, which engages over the upper edge of the support plate 110 in the suspended state.
  • the support plate 110 shown in a front view in FIG. 6 has a vertical elongated hole 115 and a pin bore 116 on each of its two side edges one above the other.
  • the mounting plates 110 are screwed to the webs 108, 109 so that they can be adjusted in height by means of fastening screws 117 which protrude through the elongated holes 115.
  • ribs 118 can project outwards from the webs 108.
  • the support plates 110 are guided through the projecting walls of a retaining groove 123 on the central part 105.
  • the elongated holes 115 allow height adjustment of the holding plates 110 on the screws 117.
  • holes are made in the webs 108, 109 through the pin holes 116 after the height adjustment of the support plates 110, and the support plates 110 are through these holes pinned through.
  • a joint profile 119 arranged between the adjacent, externally bevelled edges of the glass panes 103 is provided over its entire length with an inwardly projecting web strip 120, which has a heat-insulating center piece 121 made of plastic can so that it does not form a cold bridge.
  • the web strip 120 On its inner edge, the web strip 120 has two spaced-apart holding lips 122, which engage with their toothed outer surface in the holding groove 123 in a snap-in manner.
  • the two holding rails 111 each have a projecting sealing lip 124 on their side surface facing the adjacent glass pane 103, which is bent over in the assembled state and lies sealingly against the web strip 120 of the joint profile 119.
  • a seal between adjacent glass panes 103 in the joint area is achieved.
  • the structure is similar in the area of the horizontal joints between the glass panes 103.
  • the holding rails 126 glued to the horizontal edges of the glass panes 103 do not have any projecting web strips on the rear.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Bloc de construction pour façade en verre d'un immeuble, présentant, sur la face formant la partie extérieure de l'immeuble, en vue de constituer une infrastructure, des profilés porteurs (1) pouvant être mis en place, et des panneaux de verre (12) formant la surface extérieure de la façade. Les panneaux de verre (12) présentent au moins sur leurs deux bords verticaux, à l'intérieur et sur chacun de ces bords, un rail de retenue (13) appliqué par masticage, ces rails étant assemblés par liaison de forme avec les profilés porteurs (1). Les bords (19) des panneaux de verre (12) sont biseautés vers l'extérieur. Sur chacun des joints formés entre des panneaux de verre voisins (12) ou à leurs croisements, sont insérés des éléments d'ancrage (20, 33) assurant une liaison de forme avec les panneaux de verre (12), chacun de ces éléments recouvrant les bords biseautés (19) des panneaux de verre (12) et étant monté amovible, tout en assurant une liaison de forme avec le profilé porteur de forme (1).

Claims (10)

  1. Système structurel pour façade de verre d'un bâtiment, comprenant des profilés de support (1, 101, 102) susceptibles d'être appliqués à la surface externe du bâtiment pour former une sous-structure de façade et des vitres (12, 103) formant la surface externe de la façade, qui présentent, au moins sur leurs deux bords verticaux, à l'intérieur, respectivement un rail de retenue collé (13, 111), qui peuvent être raccordés mécaniquement aux profilés de support (1, 101, 102), système dans lequel les arêtes (19) des vitres (12, 103) sont biseautées vers l'extérieur, on utilise, sur les joints formés entre des vitres 12, 103) voisines, respectivement, un corps d'ancrage retenant mécaniquement les vitres (12, 103), lequel corps s'appuie sur les arêtes biseautés (19) des vitres (12, 103) et est raccordé au profilé de support (1, 101, 102) de manière mécanique et amovible, caractérisé en ce que le corps d'ancrage est une croix d'ancrage (33) agencée respectivement au point de croisement des joints formés entre des vitres voisines (12, 103).
  2. Système structurel selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la croix d'ancrage (33) porte respectivement une bande d'étanchéité sur ses faces biseautées latérales s'appuyant sur les arètes (19) des vitres (12).
  3. Système structurel selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bras de la croix d'ancrage (33) ont approximativement une forme en V en coupe transversale et présentent à leur sommet une nervure (33b) s'étendant vers l'intérieur.
  4. Système structurel selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bras de la croix d'ancrage (33) présentent sur leur partie externe une rainure longitudinale s'étendant sur une partie sensible de la largeur du bras (33a).
  5. Système structurel selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la croix d'ancrage (33) est vissée sur le profilé porteur (1, 101) via une vis placée au centre de la croix.
  6. Système structurel selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il se présente au centre de la croix une douille (33c) s'étendant sur la profondeur totale de la croix d'ancrage (33), qui présente un filetage (33d) noyé par la partie externe de la croix d'ancrage (33).
  7. Système structurel selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les nervures (33b) dess bras (33a) de la croix d'ancrage (33) sont raccordées d'une pièce avec la douillle (33c) et ont la même profondeur que celles-ci.
  8. Système structurel selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les joints entre des vitres voisines (12, 103) reçoivent dans la section comprise entre deux croix d'ancrage (33) respectivement un profilé de jonction (20, 119) qui s'appuie sur les arètes biseautées.
  9. Système structurel selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le profilé de jonction (20, 119) est relié au profilé porteur (1, 101) via une âme thermo-isolante (31, 121).
  10. Système structurel selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les rails de retenue (111) verticaux collés aux vitres (103) présentent sur leur partie arrière opposée à la vitre (103) un élément de suspension saillant (113, 114) qui peut être suspendu à une pièce de support (110) qui est fixée au profilé (101) de manière réglable en hauteur.
EP89904552A 1988-04-19 1989-04-18 Bloc de construction pour facade en verre Expired - Lifetime EP0410993B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89904552T ATE81704T1 (de) 1988-04-19 1989-04-18 Bausatz fuer glasfassade.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8805126U 1988-04-19
DE8805126U DE8805126U1 (fr) 1988-04-19 1988-04-19
DE8810437U DE8810437U1 (fr) 1988-08-18 1988-08-18
DE8810437U 1988-08-18
DE8811937U 1988-09-21
DE8811937U DE8811937U1 (fr) 1988-09-21 1988-09-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0410993A1 EP0410993A1 (fr) 1991-02-06
EP0410993B1 true EP0410993B1 (fr) 1992-10-21

Family

ID=27207868

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89904552A Expired - Lifetime EP0410993B1 (fr) 1988-04-19 1989-04-18 Bloc de construction pour facade en verre

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5212922A (fr)
EP (1) EP0410993B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3417089A (fr)
DE (1) DE58902522D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK167032B1 (fr)
FI (1) FI92094C (fr)
WO (1) WO1989010461A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002035045A1 (fr) 2000-10-23 2002-05-02 Alfons Oberhofer Systeme de fixation de panneaux de verre

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DE19622381A1 (de) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-11 Guenter Werner Andruckgitter für Glasscheiben einer Glasfassade
GB2318148B (en) * 1996-10-10 2000-10-11 Komfort Systems Ltd Partitioning system
CA2227687A1 (fr) 1998-02-23 1999-08-23 Raynald Doyon Systeme de mur exterieur
GB2348443A (en) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-04 Anvil Trading Limited Panel and glazing support system
EP1101001B1 (fr) * 1999-05-26 2004-02-25 GLASFABRIK LAMBERTS GMBH & CO. KG Dispositif pour retenir des elements profiles en verre et rail de support
EP1436480B1 (fr) 2001-10-16 2007-12-19 Alfons Oberhofer Systeme de fixation destine a des elements de facade en forme de plaques
TW582424U (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-04-01 Sinox Co Ltd Securing device having bypass interface
US7644549B2 (en) * 2004-07-05 2010-01-12 Sota Glazing Inc. Hybrid window wall/curtain wall system and method of installation
US20110203206A1 (en) * 2009-03-13 2011-08-25 Eli Attia Circular Building Design & Climate Management
DE102009013889A1 (de) * 2009-03-19 2011-01-27 Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät
WO2010124342A1 (fr) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 Bluescope Steel Limited Système de façade
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PL3279404T3 (pl) * 2016-08-04 2019-12-31 Knapp Gmbh Urządzenie do mocowania szyby szklanej
US10208484B1 (en) * 2016-10-05 2019-02-19 David Simonsen Apparatus for mounting a panel to a facade
CA3073691C (fr) * 2017-09-11 2023-04-25 Invent To Build Inc. Systeme de joint d'etancheite humide
US11199045B2 (en) 2018-07-26 2021-12-14 Matrex Window System Inc. Jacking screw for adjusting a window frame
US10731402B2 (en) 2018-07-26 2020-08-04 Matrex Window System Inc. Jacking screw for adjusting a window frame
US10711514B2 (en) * 2018-07-26 2020-07-14 Matrex Window System Inc. Male and female gasket coupling for a window frame
US10590696B2 (en) 2018-07-26 2020-03-17 Matrex Window System Inc. Sill track seal for a window frame
US10689899B2 (en) 2018-10-17 2020-06-23 Matrex Window System Inc. Gasket railing system for a window frame
US10844651B2 (en) 2018-07-26 2020-11-24 Matrex Window System Inc. Compression gasket for sealing a window in a window frame
US11447958B2 (en) 2019-02-07 2022-09-20 Invent To Build Inc. Vertical seals for use with exterior wall panel assemblies

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002035045A1 (fr) 2000-10-23 2002-05-02 Alfons Oberhofer Systeme de fixation de panneaux de verre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5212922A (en) 1993-05-25
DK167032B1 (da) 1993-08-16
DK247290A (da) 1990-10-12
DE58902522D1 (de) 1992-11-26
AU3417089A (en) 1989-11-24
DK247290D0 (da) 1990-10-12
FI92094C (fi) 1994-09-26
FI92094B (fi) 1994-06-15
WO1989010461A1 (fr) 1989-11-02
FI905123A0 (fi) 1990-10-17
EP0410993A1 (fr) 1991-02-06

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