EP0399373B1 - Procédé et dispositif de pressage d'un corps rigide de particules végétales en forme de poutre - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de pressage d'un corps rigide de particules végétales en forme de poutre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0399373B1
EP0399373B1 EP90109362A EP90109362A EP0399373B1 EP 0399373 B1 EP0399373 B1 EP 0399373B1 EP 90109362 A EP90109362 A EP 90109362A EP 90109362 A EP90109362 A EP 90109362A EP 0399373 B1 EP0399373 B1 EP 0399373B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressing
shaped body
filling
jaw
press
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90109362A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0399373A1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Heggenstaller
Xaver Spies
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Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
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Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
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Priority to AT90109362T priority Critical patent/ATE83701T1/de
Publication of EP0399373A1 publication Critical patent/EP0399373A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0399373B1 publication Critical patent/EP0399373B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/007—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a plurality of pressing members working in different directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B7/00—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members
    • B30B7/04—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members wherein pressing is effected in different directions simultaneously or in turn
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices for pressing a rigid bar-shaped molded body from small vegetable parts mixed with binders in a molding press in which mutually movable pairs of press jaws form the filling and pressing space between them and alternately and repeatedly carry out press strokes, after which the pressed molded body is subjected to heat is cured while maintaining the pressure.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of demonstrating a method and a device which is suitable for carrying out the method, with which it is possible to intensively compress small plant parts over the entire cross section of a large-sized bar-shaped shaped body and to avoid the disadvantages described.
  • the solution to this problem according to the invention is that before the start of the compression strokes, an additional mass of the small parts is pressed into the part of the mixture filling the filling space intended for the tensile zone region of the molded body, and thereby one against the subsequent compression pressure the press jaw pairs reactively acting compression zone of particularly pre-compressed small parts is created.
  • a core of pre-compressed small plant parts is formed within the filling space, which acts reactively from different directions in relation to the press strokes that take place later.
  • Each individual press stroke of the press jaws leads to a compression of the compacted batch at this pre-compressed central core zone, which in turn further compresses this core zone and increases its reactive effect.
  • the cross-section of the finished pressed body shows how the small parts loosely filled into the filling space are formed in layers and thereby form undulating or curved or even interlocking layers that grip around the pre-compressed small part core like flow lines.
  • layers can be seen in the edge regions of the molded body which are significantly more densely compacted and which in the edge region of the molded body result in a particularly high resistance.
  • the invention it has been possible to compact a molded body of large cross section particularly strongly throughout, without any significant design effort, and thus to create the prerequisite for being able to use the molded body for particularly high loads, as is the case, for example, with railway sleepers.
  • the invention is not limited to this area of application, but includes all applications of the moldings according to the invention in a wide variety of technical areas.
  • the formation of the precompressed core is brought about in a very simple manner in that the additional mass is pressed from a channel-shaped space which extends the filling space and extends over the entire length of the filling space by means of a press jaw into the mixture filling the filling space.
  • the channel-shaped space is preferably formed by at least one set back press jaw of a row of press jaws, the set back press jaw being moved together with the row of press jaws first and after filling the channel-shaped space. It is also possible to first advance the row of press jaws and then to close the channel-shaped space, both movements also being able to take place simultaneously.
  • the invention differs from this in principle in that the additional mass introduced according to the invention into the core area of the filling space is intended to oppose the pressing forces acting from different directions, so that the small parts located between the pressing jaws and the pre-compressed zone experience a compression which the previously described streamlined structure of layers. In this way it is achieved to produce a shaped body of large cross section with particularly high strength.
  • the mixture of small parts to be pressed is mixed with a proportion of long chips and introduced into the filling space in such a way that the long chips are oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the shaped body.
  • Such long chips are prepared in a suitable manner for the pressing process according to the invention. It has been proven to be long chips in the Size of about 150 mm in length, 5 - 8 mm in width and 0.4 - 0.8 mm in thickness, but the invention is not limited to these dimensions but is only intended to provide an indication of the direction in which the long chips are formed should.
  • Process claims 6 - 8 teach that shaped bodies of particularly large cross-section can best be obtained by pre-pressing in a first press and final pressing of the shaped body in a subsequent second press. It is important here to push the shaped body formed in the first press together with shaped sheets which act against the side walls of the shaped body out of the first molding press and to insert them into the second molding press.
  • Claims 9 to 14 finally disclose a suitable device which allows the inventive methodology to be carried out.
  • a filling space (1) is filled with a mixture of small plant parts and binders.
  • wood chips or parts made from other vegetable fibers, such as straw and the like can be used as small parts.
  • the filling space (1) is encased by the press jaws (2,3,4,5).
  • the lateral press jaws (2, 3) and the press jaws (4, 5) movable in the vertical direction form pairs of press jaws, the movement of which is controlled in such a way that the pairs of press jaws act successively and repeatedly on the mass filled into the filling space (1), which will be described later becomes.
  • the lower press jaw (5) consists of a series of individual press jaws (6, 7) arranged next to one another, of which the middle press jaw (6) is set back and thus forms a channel-shaped space (12), which adjoins the filling space (1) the place where the material is located on small parts that are intended for the formation of the tensile zone area of the molded body.
  • the contour of a cross-section of the bar can be seen, in which the area of the draft zone is in the lower zone of the filling space (1).
  • Fig. 1 it is assumed that the filling space (1) is filled in any suitable manner, it being possible to imagine that the upper press jaw (4) is removed during the filling process. After the filling process has been completed, the upper press jaw (4) is moved back into its starting position. There is then a first pressing stroke of the lateral pressing jaws (2, 3) along the arrows (10), the pressing stroke of the lateral pressing jaws (2, 3) being transferred to the batch located in the filling chamber (1) via shaped plates (8).
  • the shaped sheets (8) extend over the entire length of the filling space (1) and have the Embodiment on a bend (9), which is intended to form a lateral upper oblique surface in the molded body (15) to be formed. This is important, for example, if railway sleepers are to be manufactured. Depending on the cross section of the molded body (15), the profiling of the molded sheet (8) will be designed appropriately.
  • FIG. 2 which are essential for the invention, in that the middle pressing jaw part (6) carries out a pre-pressing stroke along the arrow (11) and thus the additional quantity of the small plant parts located in the channel-shaped space (12) into the already filled filling space (1 ) pushes in, creating a compression zone (28) of compacted small parts.
  • this compression zone (28) is located in the lower region of the filling space (1), because it is assumed that the tensile zone of the molded body is to be formed there.
  • Fig. 1 represents only one of several possibilities. For the same reason, several such compression zones can be created by appropriate press jaw design.
  • the essential purpose of the compression zone (28) formed is to create a resistance force in the core area of the molded body (15) to be formed, which has a reactive effect on the pressing force of the pressing jaws (2 to 5). If the compression zone (28) had not been formed, the pressing force of the pressing jaws (2 to 5) would not be sufficient to press the central region of the molded body to be formed in the required intensity.
  • the pre-pressing stroke along the arrow (11) leads to the fact that a flush pressing surface (14) then forms on the end face of the pressing jaw parts (6, 7). From now on, the pressing jaw parts (6,7) are moved together like a single pressing jaw.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 take place in a first molding press (18). 2, the work in the first molding press (18) is complete. The compact is then pushed together with the two shaped sheets (8) in the longitudinal direction from the first molding press (18), as is symbolically indicated in FIG. 3 by the arrow (17). The shaped sheets (8) slide along the lateral pressing jaws (2, 3), which is why a low-friction guidance should be ensured. Corresponding proposals are the prior art mentioned at the beginning removable.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 now show various pressing sections in a second molding press (19), into which the molding of the molding (15) together with the molding plates (8) has been pushed off.
  • FIG. 7 the absolute press end position is shown, in which the upper and lower press jaws (4 ', 5') have been moved along the arrows (23) against each other. It can be seen that the pressing surface of the upper pressing jaw (4 ') now coincides with the upper bend in the bend (9) of the shaped sheets (8) and thus a shaped body (15) according to FIG. 8 is formed, in which the bevel ( 16) is an impression of the shaped sheets (8). These shaped sheets (8) have also formed the side walls (27) of the shaped body (15).
  • the symbolically drawn compression zone (28) is shown in the middle section (24) of the molded body (15), which generates reaction forces according to the arrows (29) when a pressure is exerted on the outer surfaces of the molded body (15) via the press jaws (2 to 5) or (2'to 5 ') acts.
  • the small parts in compression then slide off from this compression zone (28) insofar as they do not remain directly compressed thereon, which leads to an arcuate deformation structure according to lines 30 in the molded body (15).
  • a particularly strongly compressed edge area (34) is formed on the molded body (15).
  • the edge areas (35) are even more particularly pronounced. From this it can be explained that a molded body (15) produced according to the invention is very resistant, particularly in the edge areas which are normally at risk.
  • FIG. 9 finally shows a machine arrangement as an alternative to FIG. 1, in which the filling space (1) is filled independently of the position of the upper press jaw (4).
  • the machine is divided, after which the press jaw (4) is arranged in one machine part (31) and the other press jaws (2, 3, 5) with the shaped plates (8) in another machine part (32). If you move the machine parts (21, 32) relatively to each other, the filling chamber (1) can be filled regardless of the position of the upper press jaw (4).
  • the lower press jaw (5) can also be left in the position shown in FIG. 1, so that only the lateral press jaws (2, 3) with the shaped plates (8) can be moved to below the filling opening (36). This movement can be caused by appropriate stroke design of the drives for the lateral pressure plates (2, 3).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Fish Paste Products (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de pressage d'un corps moulé en forme de poutre (15) résistant à la flexion à partir de particules végétales mélangées à des liants, dans une presse à mouler (18,19) dans laquelle des couples d'éléments de compression (2 à 7) mobiles les uns par rapport aux autres forment entre eux l'espace de remplissage et de compression (1) et exécutent des courses de compression d'une manière alternée et répétée, à la suite de quoi on fait durcir le corps moulé comprimé (15) en appliquant une chaleur et en maintenant la pression de compression, caractérisé par le fait qu'avant le début des courses de compression, on injecte sous pression au moins une masse suplémetaire des petites particules dans la partie, qui est déterminante pour la zone placée en traction (25) du corps moulé (15) devant être formé, du mélange remplissant un espace de remplissage (1) et que de ce fait est créée au moins une zone de refoulement (28) de petites particules particulièrement tassées préalablement, qui réagit à l'encontre de la pression ultérieure de compression appliquée par les couples de mâchoires de compression.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la masse supplémentaire provenant d'au moins un espace en forme de canal (12) qui élargit l'espace de remplissage (1) et s'étend sur toute la longueur de cet espace de remplissage (1), au moyen d'une mâchoire de compression (6), dans le mélange sortant de l'espace de remplissage (1).
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'espace en forme de canal (12) est formé par au moins une mâchoire de compression (6), disposée en retrait, d'une série de mâchoires de compression (6,7), la mâchoire de compression (6) disposée en retrait avançant tout d'abord seule, puis, après être venue de niveau avec les mâchoires de compression voisines (7), conjointement avec ces mâchoires (6,7).
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'espace en forme de canal (12) est rempli par une mâchoire de compression (6) disposée en retrait, uniquement lorsque les mâchoires de compression voisines (7) ont atteint leur position finale de compression.
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des revendications suivantes, caractérisé par le fait que la quantité de petites particules devant être comprimées est mélangée à une quantité de copeaux longs et est insérée dans l'espace de remplissage de telle sorte que les copeaux longs sont orientés parallèlement à la direction longitudinale du corps moulé (15).
  6. Procédé de pressage d'un corps moulé en forme de poutre (15) résistant à la flexion à partir de particules végétales mélangées à des liants, dans une presse à mouler (18,19) dans laquelle des couples d'éléments de compression (2 à 7) mobiles les uns par rapport aux autres forment entre eux l'espace de remplissage et de compression (1) et exécutent des courses de compression d'une manière alternée et répétée, à la suite de quoi on fait durcir le corps moulé comprimé (15) en appliquant une chaleur et en maintenant la pression de compression, caractérisé par le fait que le corps moulé (15) est tassé au niveau de ses deux parois latérales (27) à l'aide de tôles de moulage (8), qui sont repoussées, conjointement avec le corps moulé prédensifié (14), le long de son axe longitudinal, hors d'une première presse à mouler (18) et, moyennant le maintien d'une pression de compression, est inséré dans une seconde presse à mouler (19) servant à exécuter les autres étapes de compression.
  7. Procédé suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que lors de la première étape de précompression, les couples latéraux de mâchoires de compression (2,3) sont tout d'abord déplacés, puis les couples supérieur et inférieur de mâchoires de compression (4,5) sont déplacés, les mâchoires de compression (5) associées à la face inférieure du corps moulé (15) produisant, dans la zone médiane (24), un tassement plus important que dans la zone marginale.
  8. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait que dans la seconde presse à mouler (19), tout d'abord les mâchoires de compression latérales (2′,3′), puis les mâchoires de compression supérieures (4′) et les mâchoires de compression inférieures (5′) sont déplacées alternativement et de façon répétée par couples et que l'opération de pressage est arrêtée après une post-compression (23) des surfaces supérieures et des surfaces inférieures du corps moulé (15).
  9. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des suivantes, constitué par une presse à mouler (18,19) comportant des couples de mâchoires de compression (2,3,4,5) mobiles les unes par rapport aux autres et formant entre elles l'espace de remplissage et de compresion (1), et une unité de commande pour réaliser l'avance, décalée latéralement, des différents couples de mâchoires de compression (2,3 et 4,5), caractérisé par le fait que la mâchoire de compression (5), qui est associée à la surface inférieure du corps moulé (15), est subdivisée, au moins une mâchoire médiane de compression (6) prenant, lors du remplissage du matériau à comprimer, une position en retrait par rapport aux autres éléments de mâchoire de compression (7), associés aux zones marginales de la surface inférieure, et possédant une course de compression accrue de la distance de décalage et qui est exécutée essentiellement en deux étapes.
  10. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que des tôles adaptées de moulage sont disposées en avant des surfaces de compression des couples latéraux de mâchoires de compression (2,3).
  11. Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que les tôles de moulage (8) possèdent une zone marginale supérieure (9) coudée en direction de l'espace de compression (1).
  12. Dispositif suivant la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé par le fait que les tôles de moulage (8) sont guidées de manière à être déplaçables le long de l'axe longitudinal du corps moulé (15), le long de leurs mâchoires de compression (2,3).
  13. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 ou les suivantes, caractérisé par le fait que deux presses à mouler (18,19) sont disposées l'une derrière l'autre dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal du corps moulé (15) et qu'il est prévu un dispositif de poussée (17), qui agit sur la surface frontale du corps moulé et transfère le corps moulé précomprimé (15) ainsi que les tôles de moulage (8) depuis la première presse à mouler (18) dans la seconde presse à mouler (19), dans laquelle est exécutée la compression finale échelonnée.
  14. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 ou l'une des suivantes, caractérisé par le fait qu'une pièce de machine (31), qui comporte la mâchoire supérieure de compression (4) et éventuellement également la mâchoire inférieure de compression (4), et une pièce de machine (32), qui comporte les autres mâchoires de compression (2,3,5), sont agencées de manière à être déplaçables transversalement l'une par rapport à l'autre de sorte que l'espace de remplissage (1) est librement accessible, sans qui le remplissage soit gêné par la mâchoire supérieure de compression (4).
EP90109362A 1989-05-23 1990-05-17 Procédé et dispositif de pressage d'un corps rigide de particules végétales en forme de poutre Expired - Lifetime EP0399373B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90109362T ATE83701T1 (de) 1989-05-23 1990-05-17 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum pressen eines biegesteifen balkenfoermigen formkoerpers aus pflanzlichen kleinteilen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3916774 1989-05-23
DE3916774A DE3916774A1 (de) 1989-05-23 1989-05-23 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum pressen eines biegesteifen balkenfoermigen formkoerpers aus pflanzlichen kleinteilen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0399373A1 EP0399373A1 (fr) 1990-11-28
EP0399373B1 true EP0399373B1 (fr) 1992-12-23

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Country Link
US (1) US5100601A (fr)
EP (1) EP0399373B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE83701T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2017280A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3916774A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU1831423C (fr)

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US8092210B2 (en) * 2006-05-19 2012-01-10 Lopez Sanchez Manuel Mold for producing door cores
EP1987930A1 (fr) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-05 Imal S.R.L. Procédé et appareil pour former des articles composés de matériaux mous pour préparer des portes, cadres ou autres

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DE3222113C2 (de) * 1982-06-11 1986-12-04 Anton 8892 Kühbach Heggenstaller Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steigerung der Biegefestigkeit von Strangpreßerzeugnissen aus Gemischen von pflanzlichen Kleinteilen und Bindemitteln
DE3307557A1 (de) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-06 Heggenstaller, Anton, 8892 Kühbach Verfahren und vorrichtung zum formpressen von profilen konstanten querschnitts aus pflanzlichen kleinteilen
DE3322144A1 (de) * 1983-06-20 1984-12-20 Heggenstaller, Anton, 8892 Kühbach Verfahren und vorrichtung zum strangpressen von mit bindemittel vermengten pflanzlichen kleinteilen, insbesondere holzkleinteilen
DE3346469A1 (de) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-18 Heggenstaller, Anton, 8892 Kühbach Verfahren und vorrichtung zum strangpressen von mit bindemittel vermengten pflanzlichen kleinteilen, insbesondere holzkleinteilen
US4960553A (en) * 1990-02-12 1990-10-02 Board Of Control Michigan Technological University Method for forming articles having deep drawn portions from matted wood flakes

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Publication number Publication date
EP0399373A1 (fr) 1990-11-28
ATE83701T1 (de) 1993-01-15
DE3916774C2 (fr) 1991-08-14
DE59000637D1 (de) 1993-02-04
US5100601A (en) 1992-03-31
CA2017280A1 (fr) 1990-11-23
RU1831423C (ru) 1993-07-30
DE3916774A1 (de) 1990-11-29

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