EP0389414B1 - Hubkolbenkompressor - Google Patents

Hubkolbenkompressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389414B1
EP0389414B1 EP90810167A EP90810167A EP0389414B1 EP 0389414 B1 EP0389414 B1 EP 0389414B1 EP 90810167 A EP90810167 A EP 90810167A EP 90810167 A EP90810167 A EP 90810167A EP 0389414 B1 EP0389414 B1 EP 0389414B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shoes
block
compressor according
yoke
guide surfaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90810167A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0389414A1 (de
Inventor
Heinz Baumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlas Copco Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Publication of EP0389414A1 publication Critical patent/EP0389414A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0389414B1 publication Critical patent/EP0389414B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/04—Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/02—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/04—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B27/0404—Details, component parts specially adapted for such pumps
    • F04B27/0428—Arrangements for pressing or connecting the pistons against the actuated cam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/04—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B27/053—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement with an actuating element at the inner ends of the cylinders
    • F04B27/0536—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement with an actuating element at the inner ends of the cylinders with two or more series radial piston-cylinder units
    • F04B27/0538—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement with an actuating element at the inner ends of the cylinders with two or more series radial piston-cylinder units directly located side-by-side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/008—Spacing or clearance between cylinder and piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/144—Adaptation of piston-rods
    • F04B53/147—Mounting or detaching of piston rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B53/162—Adaptations of cylinders
    • F04B53/166—Cylinder liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
    • F04B9/04—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms
    • F04B9/045—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms the means being eccentrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • F05C2201/0454—Case-hardened steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18248—Crank and slide
    • Y10T74/18256—Slidable connections [e.g., scotch yoke]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reciprocating compressor with at least two cylinders, each with a piston guided therein, which pistons are arranged in pairs, opposite one another on a common axis, and are coupled via a yoke connecting two piston rods to a slider which is located between two parallel guide surfaces formed on the yoke is movably guided transversely to the common axis and in which a crank pin of a drive shaft engages.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a particularly in this regard, reciprocating compressor of the type mentioned in a construction which ensures low backlash, an essentially backlash-free, precise parallel guidance of the slider connected to the crank pin in the yoke.
  • the embodiment according to the invention achieves in a simple, inexpensive manner that the sliding shoes are pressed against the sliding piece under a predetermined prestressing - via rolling elements or via interacting sliding surfaces. Accordingly, a bumpless transmission of the drive forces to be introduced into the pistons via the slide and the slide shoes is achieved.
  • the compressor shown a small compressor, has four cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4, in which pistons 5, 6, 7 and 8 are guided.
  • the cylinders 1 and 3 each have a common horizontal axis 10 lying in the plane of the drawing, while the cylinders 2 and 4 are arranged on a common horizontal axis 11 set back from the plane of the drawing.
  • the pistons 5 and 7 are coupled via a yoke 14 connecting their piston rods 12 and 13, respectively, to a square-shaped sliding piece 15 which, via a sliding bearing arrangement or, as indicated in FIG. 1, via a roller bearing arrangement (needle bearing) 9 on a crank pin 16 one vertically arranged crankshaft 17 is mounted.
  • the crankshaft 17 is equipped with an engine, not shown, e.g. an electric motor.
  • the slider 15 is guided transversely to the axis 10 between two guide surfaces 18 formed in the yoke 14 and parallel to one another.
  • the pistons 6 and 8 are coupled via a second yoke 22 connecting their piston rods 20 and 21 to a second slider, not shown, mounted on the crank pin 16, which can be displaced transversely to the axis 11 in the yoke 22 offset by 90 ° relative to the yoke 14 is led.
  • the guide surfaces 18 are formed on slide shoes 23, which are connected in any way, as shown by means of a screw 25, to one of the piston rods 12, 13, 20 and 21 and which each have a cylindrical support surface 24 on the side facing the piston concerned are executed.
  • Yokes 14 and 22 each contain two of these sliding shoes 23 and a holder connecting them in the form of a connecting part which can be braced against the sliding shoes and which, according to the embodiment shown, can be formed by a resiliently deformable clamping ring 26 which can be placed on the supporting surfaces 24.
  • the slide shoes 23 can interact with the slide 15 via slide bearing arrangements or, as indicated in FIG. 1, via roller bearing arrangements 27, linear needle bearings as shown.
  • the sliding shoes 23 of the yoke 14 are clamped with a corresponding, predetermined pressing force via the roller bearing arrangements 27 against the guide surfaces 19 of the sliding piece 15 which can be inserted between the sliding shoes 23.
  • the sliding shoes 23 of the second yoke 22 are braced against the guide surfaces 19 of the second sliding piece, not shown, which run parallel to the axis 10.
  • the piston 5 shown in its top dead center position is provided with a plurality of suction valves 35, each associated with a passage opening 30, of which only one is shown.
  • a connection between a compression chamber 31 of the cylinder 1 forming the first compression stage and the central crank chamber 36 of the compressor is established by the suction valves 35 during the suction stroke of the piston 5.
  • the crank chamber 36 is connected to a feed line, not shown, for the gas to be compressed, for example natural gas, which is fed to the crank chamber 36 at a pressure of, for example, 10 mbar and is sucked into the compression chamber 31.
  • the gas is compressed to a pressure of, for example, 5 bar and is supplied to the second compression stage formed by the cylinder 2 by means of pressure valves 37 arranged in the cylinder head of the cylinder 1, of which only one is also shown, via a connecting channel 38.
  • the gas is drawn into a compression chamber 32 by suction valves 35 arranged in the cylinder head during the suction stroke of the piston 6, during the subsequent pressure stroke to a pressure of e.g. Compressed 20 bar and fed through a centrally arranged pressure valve 37 via a connecting channel 39 to the third compression stage formed by the cylinder 3, the piston 7 of which is shown in its bottom dead center position.
  • the gas sucked into the compression chamber 33 during the suction stroke of the piston 7 is correspondingly reduced to a pressure of e.g. 60 bar compressed and supplied via a connecting channel 40 to the final pressure stage formed by the cylinder 4.
  • the gas drawn into the compression chamber 34 during the suction stroke of the piston 8 is compressed to a pressure of, for example, 200 bar during the pressure stroke and is conveyed through the pressure valve 37 into a pressure line 41, which is connected to a pressure container (not shown) for the compressed gas can be connected.
  • the pressure vessel can be designed, for example, as a gas fuel tank of a motor vehicle.
  • the suction valves 35 and pressure valves 37 can be of any design.
  • Corresponding valves, the arrangement and design of which is not the subject of the present invention, are e.g. in the CH patent application 02 209 / 88-9 (P.6196) described in more detail.
  • the sliding shoes 23 can be designed with lateral stops 43 which limit the range of motion of the roller bearing arrangements 27.
  • the yokes 14 and 22 each contain two bow-like clamping parts 44 that can be inserted into the clamping ring 26, each of which is designed with two bent ends that can be resiliently clamped against the facing sides of the two sliding shoes 23, on each of which in the direction of the common axis 10 or 11 of the yoke 14 or 22 opposite stops 43 for the roller bearing arrangements 27 are formed.
  • the roller bearing arrangements 27 each contain a number of needle-shaped roller bodies 45, which are arranged in a cage 46 movable between the stops 43.
  • the sliding shoes 43 can each be provided with a support 47, which consists of a wear-resistant material, for example hardened steel.
  • the supports 47 can each be provided by a plate which can be fastened on the slide shoe 23 in any manner, for example by means of a soldered connection, or by a correspondingly applicable layer made of a corresponding bearing material, for example ceramic material be educated.
  • the slider 15 can also be provided with a corresponding pad or be made of a wear-resistant material.
  • the two clamping rings 26 can each be provided with two cap-like cover parts 48, which consist of a plastic and each with an end wall 50 that laterally delimits the interior of the clamping ring 26 and one on a shoulder part of the clamping ring 26 in question attachable flange section 51 can be performed.
  • the end walls 50 are each provided with an elongated hole-like passage opening 52 for the crank pin 16 which is adapted to the range of movement of the sliding piece 15.
  • the inner parts of the yokes 14 and 22 containing the bearing arrangements 9 and 27 are protected from contamination by the ingress of dust by the cover parts 48, in connection with cover disks 53 attached to the crank pin 16 and covering the passage openings 52.
  • the clamping ring 26, the sliding shoes 23 connected to the piston rods 12 and 13 or 20 and 21 and the sliding block 15 each form a self-supporting, stable installation unit which is guided in the corresponding, opposing cylinders 1 and 3 or 2 and 4.
  • the screwless, resilient connection between the slide shoes 23 enables compensation of inaccuracies of the interacting parts, in particular a limited displacement of the slide shoes 23 in the circumferential direction of the clamping ring 26. Accordingly, the sliding shoes 23 can each - with a substantially constant pretensioning force of the clamping ring 26 - exactly Set parallel to the guide surfaces 19 of the slider 15.
  • the clamping ring 26 also ensures a uniform distribution of the contact pressure on the slider 15.
  • the holder for two interacting sliding shoes 23 can contain two supporting clamping rings, which, axially offset from one another, can be placed on both sides of the piston rods 12, 13 or 20, 21 under prestress on the opposite shoulder parts of the sliding shoes 23 .
  • clamping rings can be provided with connecting parts that can be detached from the sliding shoes and braced against them.
  • the invention is not limited to compressors of the type described and illustrated above, but also for two-stage or multi-stage designs as well as for other applications, e.g. suitable as breathing air compressors, compressors for low-temperature technology and the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
EP90810167A 1989-03-23 1990-03-05 Hubkolbenkompressor Expired - Lifetime EP0389414B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1086/89 1989-03-23
CH1086/89A CH678881A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0389414A1 EP0389414A1 (de) 1990-09-26
EP0389414B1 true EP0389414B1 (de) 1993-06-09

Family

ID=4202132

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90810167A Expired - Lifetime EP0389414B1 (de) 1989-03-23 1990-03-05 Hubkolbenkompressor

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5030065A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0389414B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU625116B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2012776C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH678881A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE59001649D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015015946A1 (de) 2015-12-08 2017-06-08 Wabco Gmbh Doppelkolbenkompressor einer Druckluft-Versorgungseinrichtung
US10859075B2 (en) 2015-12-08 2020-12-08 Wabco Gmbh Double-piston compressor of a compressed-air supply device

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US5564908A (en) * 1994-02-14 1996-10-15 Phillips Engineering Company Fluid pump having magnetic drive
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US6293764B1 (en) * 1997-01-17 2001-09-25 Greenfield Ag Reciprocating compressor with dry lubricating system
JP3789691B2 (ja) * 1999-09-14 2006-06-28 三洋電機株式会社 高圧圧縮機の圧縮装置
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WO2002014677A1 (en) * 2000-08-14 2002-02-21 Stanadyne Automotive Corp. Fuel tank mounted, motorized high pressure gasoline pump
DE10321771C5 (de) * 2003-05-15 2017-01-19 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Verfahren zur Leistungsbegrenzung eines mehrstufigen Kompressor und Kompressor zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US7878081B2 (en) * 2004-12-13 2011-02-01 Gregory S Sundheim Portable, refrigerant recovery unit
US20090214361A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2009-08-27 Traian Voicu Oil-less compressor with seal-dust protection
GB0508107D0 (en) * 2005-04-22 2005-06-01 Univ Liverpool A pump
FR2888893A1 (fr) * 2005-07-21 2007-01-26 Marie Therese Mazille Dispositif pour comprimer les fluides comportant une transformation de mouvement a equilibrage integral utilisable dans tout appareil fonctionnant en mouvement alternatif
KR101432324B1 (ko) * 2006-06-08 2014-08-20 래리 앨빈 슈츨 왕복운동식 압축기 또는 펌프 및 왕복운동식 압축기를 구비하는 휴대가능한 공구 전력 공급 시스템
ITVI20070264A1 (it) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-03 Gianluigi Benetti Dispositivo per macchine alternative e relativa macchina alternativa
US20090255506A1 (en) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-15 Walker S Paul Rotary internal combustion engine
AR068874A1 (es) * 2008-10-15 2009-12-09 Gnc Galileo S A Mecanismo de transformacion del movimiento circular a un movimiento de traslacion para impulsar los pistones de un compresor de gas
CN101560968B (zh) * 2009-05-20 2013-02-27 浙江鸿友压缩机制造有限公司 一种直线往复活塞式压缩机
US8418493B2 (en) * 2009-10-05 2013-04-16 Sun-Wonder Industrial Co., Ltd. Refrigerant recovery machine with improved cam wheel assembly
US20130039789A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2013-02-14 Óscar Donado-Muñoz Vacuum, pressure or liquid pump
DE102011086913B4 (de) * 2011-05-24 2021-02-04 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Kulissenführung für zwei-stufigen Kompressor
US8616083B2 (en) * 2011-09-13 2013-12-31 Sun-Wonder Industrial Co., Ltd. Cam wheel assembly for refrigerant recovery machine
JP5931502B2 (ja) * 2012-02-24 2016-06-08 株式会社協電社 往復動型圧縮装置
DE102015206868A1 (de) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Pleuellagerung für einen Luftverdichter eines Luftfedersystems sowie Kolbenkompressor
WO2016134464A1 (en) * 2015-02-25 2016-09-01 A.H.M.S., Inc. Drive mechanism module for a reciprocating pump
CN106246491B (zh) * 2016-10-11 2018-03-06 肖福俊 高性能柱塞泵
US10823160B1 (en) 2017-01-12 2020-11-03 Pumptec Inc. Compact pump with reduced vibration and reduced thermal degradation

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015015946A1 (de) 2015-12-08 2017-06-08 Wabco Gmbh Doppelkolbenkompressor einer Druckluft-Versorgungseinrichtung
WO2017097393A1 (de) 2015-12-08 2017-06-15 Wabco Gmbh Doppelkolbenkompressor einer druckluft-versorgungseinrichtung
US10859075B2 (en) 2015-12-08 2020-12-08 Wabco Gmbh Double-piston compressor of a compressed-air supply device
US11732702B2 (en) 2015-12-08 2023-08-22 Zf Cv Systems Europe Bv Double-piston compressor having a sliding block producing a stroke curve that deviates from a sinusoidal stroke curve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2012776C (en) 1999-08-24
AU5210990A (en) 1990-09-27
US5030065A (en) 1991-07-09
CA2012776A1 (en) 1990-09-23
CH678881A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-11-15
AU625116B2 (en) 1992-07-02
EP0389414A1 (de) 1990-09-26
DE59001649D1 (de) 1993-07-15

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